Isifo se-COVOID-19 sasebenza njengengilazi ekhucululayo yenkinga yezindlu eseyikhona isikhathi eside ihlasela i-United Kingdom. Njengoba ukubopha kuhlala izigidi zabantu emakhaya, ukuhluleka kwezindawo zokuhlala zesizwe (izindawo zokuhlala ezithelekene) ezinomswakama, izakhiwo zezindawo ezinomswakama, kanye nokuntula kwendawo engaphandle (indlela yokuzishaya indilinga) nokungasakwazi ukunaka. Ngaso leso sikhathi, umqedazwe wabangela ukunweba owenyuka lapho abantu bekhetha khona ukuhlala, ukuswela kwezindlu ezinkulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile ezingeni ezihlala khona, futhi ezingxenyeni ezisezindaweni eziphansi. Lokhu kufake ukucindezela okukhulu ezimakethengisweni zendawo zendawo yendawo yokuhlala nokuhlelwa kwezindawo ezisezindaweni zokuhlala ezingcono, futhi kuncishiswe kakhulu, futhi akuvuseleleki kakhulu, futhi kungcono kakhulu, ngenxa yezindawo eziseNgilandiswa kakhulu, imfutho ezindaweni zedolobhakazini yaseNgilandini yaseNgilandi, imfula imfula imfutho enkulu kakhulu yezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo eziphakathi zezindawo ezi

Inkinga Yezindlu Zasemadolobheni Yangemva Kwe - Placemic E - UK

Ukuhlanzeka Nokungaphili

Ngisho nangaphambi kobhadane, i-UK yabhekana nenani elingapheli lezindlu ezibizayo. I-National Hospital Federation yalinganisela ukuthi kwakudingeka amakhaya amasha angaphezu kuka-340 000 ngonyaka, kodwa ukuqedwa kokwakha kwancipha ngokuqhubekayo. Lo mqedazwe wabhebhethekisa lokhu kuntuleka kokwakha ngokuphazamisa ukutholakala kwamaketanga nokusebenza. Okwamanje, ukunyuka kwentengo yempahla nezindleko zokuqasha, ikakhulukazi eLondon naseNingizimu Mpumalanga, kwabangela ukuba umnini wekhaya aqhubekele phambili ekufinyeleleni izizukulwane ezintsha. Abadayisi bathathela ifa lenqubo lapho isilinganiso semali yekhaya siyimali etholakala ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili ezindaweni eziningi zasedolobheni. Lokhu kubangela inselele inselele: ukuthi kungakhuphulwa kanjani ukutholakala kwezindlu ezibizayo ngempela ngesikhathi esiphambili lapho futhi zisekela izinga.

Izinga Lokwanda Nelokuhlala

Lo mqedazwe wadweba imiphumela yempilo yomphakathi yezindlu ezingezinhle. Izindlu eziminyene ngokungenakulinganiswa engxenyeni eqashiwe − zenza izenhlalo iqhele ngokungenzeki futhi yafaka igalelo emazingeni aphakeme ezifo ezithathelwanayo ezisezindaweni ezimpofu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhaya anomswakama, ingxube, nokungangeni kahle kwabangela izingozi zempilo. I- Post-pandemic, imeya ingaphansi kokucindezeleka hhayi nje kokwakha amakhaya amaningi kodwa ukuphoqelela ukuba akhuliswe izinga eliphakeme, ukuhlanganisa amasheya akhona, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izenzakalo ezintsha zihlanganisa indawo yokuhlala nokungena ezindaweni ezingaphandle. Ukwanda kwezindlela ‘ zokuqasha izizukulwane manje kuhlala kuzo ngokungalondekile, izingangeni eliphezulu eliyishumi. UMay uMey uhamba phambili ekuthuthukiseni izivikeli eziphambili zokulungisa futhi ukungenisa izitsha zasendaweni zendawo zendawo zendawo zendawo.

Ukukhula Kokuntuleka Kwamakhaya Nokuhlala Kwamaphaphu

Enye yezigigaba ezimbalwa ezikhuthazayo zalolubhadane kwakuyicebo likahulumeni ‘ Wonke umuntu, elalihlala izilali ezimahlikihli ehotela nasezindaweni zokulala zesikhashana. Nokho, njengoba izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zalimala, abantu abaningi babuyiselwa emigwaqweni noma babekwa ezindlini ezingalondekile. Amanani emikhaya, kuhlanganise nezingane, ezihlala ezindaweni zokuhlala zesikhashana, aye akhuphuka kakhulu. Izimali ezinjengamaSadiq Khan eLondon kanye no-Ay Burnham eManchester ziye zaqeda ukulala kakhulu. Ziyakheka amasu akhona edolobha ahlanganisa ukutshala imali esekela izindlu, izinkonzo ezijikelezayo, nokuvimbela ukusondela. Nokho izimali zihlala zisezingeni eliphansi, futhi zibangela inzuzo yezenhlalo, ukuswela kwezindawo ezingokwenhlala abantu, ukukhiqiniswa kwezindawo zesizwe kuphela.

Ukushintsha Kokukhetha ‘ Nekhambi Lendawo Esemkhathini

Izisebenzi eziningi ezikude zisebenza ngaphandle kokudilizwa emahhovisi asemadolobheni amakhulu, okuholela ekufunekeni kwezindlu ezinezivande namahhovisi asekhaya emadolobheni, emamakethe, nasezindaweni ezisogwini. Lokhu kuthambekela kuye kwabangela amanani emadolobheni aye athengwa kakhulu ngaphambili futhi kwadilika amanye amadolobha, kanye nezitezi ezincipheke kakhulu ezisongela izinga lezitolo zendawo kanye nezinkonzo. Futhi kufunwa ukuba ama-master ancintine ngokushintshanisa amathematilomu asemadolobheni kuyilapho kuhlangana nesifiso sokuthola indawo eyengeziwe. Lokhu kudinga ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwezindawo zamadolobha njengezindawo ezihlala indawo ezixubene kunasemisebenzi.

Indima Ekhulayo Yezinjini Ze - Metro

Inkathi yangemva kwe-pandemic iye yaqondana noshintsho olukhulu e-UK ibusa: ukususwa kwemibuso kusuka eWestminster kuya ku-metromastrars. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-2010, izikhulu ze-meya ezikhethwe ngokuqondile ziye zenzelwe ukuhlanganisa iziphathimandla ezihlanganisa iManchester, iLiverpool City, West Midlands, West Yorkshire, nenye. Le zindawo zokulawula izakhiwo zamazwe zihlangene ngokuhlela imali yezokuthutha, amakhono, izakhiwo, nokuphinde zivuse. Ngo-202222-2023, izikhulu eziningana ze-meyameya zibophele ukwakhiwa kwe-devolue, i-Punicey , ukuhlelwa kwezindlu, ukuhlelwa kwezindlu, ukuhlelwa kwezemfundo yabadala. Lokhu kwanweba ukuhlelwa kwesimiso sokusebenza kwezindlu, ukushintsha kwezindawo zomphakathi, izinhlangano zezindawo zomphakathi, nokuzisebenzela eziphezulu.

Ukuhlela Ukusebenzisa Imali Ngokuhleleka

Ama-mayres anomthwalo wokuthuthukisa amasu okuthuthukisa amaqhinga okuhlela ukubona kude kwesikhathi eside kwezwe elisetshenziswa phakathi kwedolobha. Lamaphepha ahlela izindawo zokuhlala, akhetha izindawo zokukhula, futhi asho izinto eziza kuqala. Ngokwesibonelo, i-London Plan, ekhishwa i-Mayor yaseLondon, iyincwadi e-Antaror, echaza ukuthi zonke iziphathimandla zokuhlela indawo kumelwe zilandele. Ngokufanayo, iManchester Spalatial Framey (GMSF) ishintshele emuva ekuhleleni icebo elilodwa lezemfundo yendawo. Post-pandemic, lamacebo athuthukiswa ukuveza izinto ezintsha eziza kuqala: indawo eluhlaza kakhulu, ukuphakama okukhulu kwendawo efinyelelekayo, ukuthuthuka okunsundu, ukukhiqisa i-carbonfield. Izinga ezinamandla awenzisa amandla awo ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthukisa intuthuko ezindawo ezintsha nezinganele.

Ukutshala Nokubeletha Kwezindlu

Ama-mayres alawula ngokuqondile izimiso eziphawulekayo zokuhlelwa kwezindlu. NgeNdlu yeNdawo yokuHlala iHlalanisa, i-devondale, kanye nokuboleka kwendawo, banganikezela inhloko ukuze bavule izindawo ezivalwe, bakhe amakhaya endaweni yomphakathi, futhi bafake izimali zezinhlelo zezindlu ezibizayo. I-Greater London Authority (GLA) inemali yokuhlala yamakhulu ezigidi zamakhilogremu kanye nezindawo ezithengwa ngqo ezithengwayo ze-Affordhometrics Programme. EGreater Manchesterinester, umMay wengamele iNgxobo yemali yezentengo yezindlu yomphakathi eye yanikeza izinkulungwane zamakhaya amasheyawodwa ezikhubazeko. Lokhu kuvumela abaphathi bezindlu ukuba basebenze njengabathuthukisi abahleli bezindawo eziphambili, hhayi nje abanezingalo eziphambili. Bangahlela izimo ezifana nezimfuneko zokuklama kweze-nethiyero, futhi basebenzisa izivumelwano zezivumelwano zomphakathi.

Izindawo Eziyinhloko Nezinyathelo Eziholwa Abamayeya

Ukwandisa Izindlu Ezibizayo

Cishe wonke umphathi we-metro uthembise ukwandisa ngokuphawulekayo ukutholakala kwezindlu ezithengwayo. ELondon, uSadiq Khan wazibophezela ukwakha izindlu ezingu-116 000 ezithengwa ngempela ngo-2030, egxile ekuqasheni intela yomphakathi kunemikhiqizo ephakathi. Indlela yakhe ihlanganisa ukusebenzisa indawo ye-GLA, ephikelela ekuthengeni amahhala angu-50% ezindlini ezithengwayo ezisezindlini zomphakathi, futhi amise izinkampani zokwakha izindlu zomphakathi ezithengwayo. EGreater Manchester, i-Ay Burnham’s Homey yabeka izisulu ezintsha ezingu-30 000 ezibizayo ngo-2037, kuyilapho futhi engenisa ‘ i-Lind Land Chater’ster ’ kanye ‘ nemvume yokuthenga emuva izindlu zomphakathi. UMay uhlola futhi izinkampani ezintsha zezindawo zomphakathi, i-couded, futhi zinciphisa izindleko zokwakha.

Izindlu Eziluhlaza Nezingalondolozwa

Njengoba i-UK ibophekile ekukhipheni igwebu lenetha ngo-2050, imeya isekela ukusebenza kwezindlu. I-London Plan idinga intuthuko entsha ukuze ibe ngu-zero-carbon, ihlanganise nophahla oluluhlaza, amaphaneli angaphezulu amandla amandla. EBristol, uMnum uMarvin Rees wasungula uhlelo lwedolobha lonke lokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamandla ezinkulungwane zamakhaya, ukunciphisa izikwehlisa izikweletu nekhabhomu lekhabhomu. I-Midlands ehlangene ne-oral ezungezeney ezulwini yamandla yamandla yafaka i-injini yezindlu ze-UKroy engenisa amandla avusemgangathweni womphakathi kanye nomshayeli wezindawo ezivusenezelwa kabusha. Lezi zihlolomo zombili izinhloso zokuthuthukisa amandla ezindaweni zamandla.

Izizinda Zamadolobha Nemizila Ephakeme

I-Prefter-pandemic, amadolobha amaningi nemizi ephezulu yemigwaqo ephakeme kuye kwancipha kakhulu ezindaweni zokuthengisa nasehhovisi. Abadayisi baphinde bafunela indawo yokuhlala, ngokuvamile besebenzisa amandla okuthenga aphoqelelwe ukuhlanganisa izindawo zokuthuthukisa. ELiverpool City Reavenment, uMmeli uStep Steve Ronam uye wasekela ‘ ukuhlelwa kwe Phezulu kwemigwaqwesi, ukuguqula amayunithi ezentengiselwano abe yizindawo ezithebekile futhi ahlangane nezindawo zokuhlala. ENtshona Ntshona yeMidlandslands, eMay Street usungule i-‘Brownfield Hollation’s Fund' ukuze avule indawo yezokuthutha izimoto eduze, ngaleyondlela enciphisa ukuncitshiswa kwezimoto nokusekela amabhizinisi endawo yendawo. Lezi zinqubo zokuguqula izimo zezentengo zangaphakathi ziguqule izithako ezixube ezinsusela emuva ezinsulwini zasedolobheni. Nokho, kumelwe zive, izikhulu zezisebenzi zendawo zendawo zendawo.

Ukuphelelwa Ikhaya Nokulala Kabi

Ama-appers aye ahola ekuthatheni inyathelo lokuqeda ukulala okunzima. I-‘Saccount Dividud Resource Service' yase-London iye yalinganiswa ngamaqembu athatha izintambo eziningi. EManchester, i-Anderham’s ‘ A Bred Entry’s acetry yanikeza indawo ephuthumayo phakathi nobhadane futhi yashintshela ekubeni ibe ‘ nesibonelo esihlala ngokuhlala ngokusekela okuqinile. Ama-Mayster asebenzisa ithonya lawo ukusekela uhulumeni ukuze asekele izimali ezengeziwe zezindawo zokuxhasa, izinkonzo zezempilo zengqondo, nenguquko yezenhlalakahle ukuze kuvinjelwe abantu abangena endaweni yokuqala. Baphinde bavumelane nezinhlangano zendawo, nemikhandlu ehlangene, neziphathimandla zempilo ukuze baqinisekise ukuhlangana komphakathi ohlangene. Intuthuko eyaziwa ka-Marchesterneynerbergine enziwa ngokubhidikana phakathi kwezindleko eziphakathi kwe-202079, futhi izindleko ezihambisana nale.

Ukuhlola Izifo: Indlela Ama - matcher Ahola Ngayo Kushintsho

Sadiq Khan, Mayor waseLondon

ILondon ibhekene nenkinga enkulu kakhulu yokukhokha izindlu e-UK. Khan uye waphishekela uhlelo olunesifiso esikhulu, kuhlanganise nokwakhiwa kweqembu ‘ Lokwakha ePace’s −a elisheshisa ukwakha indawo yomphakathi. Usungule futhi i-London House Strategy, ehlanganisa ukukwazi ukumelana nesimo sezulu nokuhamba ngenkuthalo elemekisweni ezintsha. Ngo-2023, u Khan umemezele uhlelo lwezezimali zokutshala imali eshibhile lwezindlu ezithengwayo, i-Khan ixhaswe ngenhlanganisela lemithetho yentela yomkhandlu, ukuthenga izindishi, futhi uhulumeni ophakathi uyayamukela. Icebo lakhe ‘ I-Lond Land’s Land’markmarks lihlela ukuphakamisa izindinganiso ezingxenyeni eziqashiwe. Naphezu kokugxeka kwezinye izindawo zokuthutha impahla okuye kwathatha ijubane kakhulu, iKhan iye yashintsha ingxoxo ekwakhelweni emakhaya ukuze yakhiweni eliphansi [FFocter] [frederner.]

U - Andy Burnham, UMyane waseManchester Enkulu

Burnham uye wenza indawo yokuhlala yaba insika eyinhloko yencwadi yakhe ethi ‘ Mkhulu Womhlala phambili Manchester Moning’s Pardect’s. Indawo yakhe yayingumamkeli wesakhiwo sokuqala, futhi uye walwela i-‘Downberg-Region Defect enikeza ukulawula okwengeziwe kwenzuzo yezindlu nemithetho yokuhlela. ISivumelwano seNdlela yeNdlela yokuhlala yaMayamzi ihlanganisa isibopho sokwakha izindlu ezithengwayo ezingu-30 000 ngo-2037, futhi okungenani ingxenye yayo ibhekene nezinselele zemali eqashiwe ngokwezingakontini ezingokwenhlalo. Futhi uye wasekela ukusungulwa kwe-‘Lord Land Chater’s Chater' ukuba alwe ukulwa kwemisebenzi eyimfihlo. UBurham usebenzise ‘ House Coant' unconywe ngokuphumelela kwayo. Nokho, ubhekene izinselele zemali ezikhundleni ezisezweni zendawo zendawo zendawo ezikhona.

U - Andy Street, uMyane WaseNtshonalanga Midlands

AnderGray, umphathi we-Conservative e-Labour, ugxile ekwakheni amakhaya ezweni elinsundu nge- ‘Brownfield Home Fund'. Ukuqondisa kwakhe kunikeze i-$200m ukuba kulungiswe izindawo ezingcolisiwe futhi kulungiselele izindlu ezintsha, ikakhulukazi eBirmingham, eCoventry, nase-Black Countersland. Umgwaqo usekele futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlu eziyize nezakhiwo eziqinile. Icebo lakhe liye lagxekwa ngabanye abavukeli bemikhankanti benethi lokuhambisa izindlu zezentetha ka-zerom. Uthathe indlela yokungena emaketheki, esebenza eduze nabathuthukisi abazimeleyo, kodwa uqhubele ukuhlelwa kokuhlelwa okuqinile kokugcinwa kwezindlu nezakhiwo. Icebo lakhe liye lahlolwa abanye abakhampaniza izinombolo ezimbalwa zezentengo ehva ehlwini kodwa ezithengwayo, kodwa ezikhulisiwe kakhulu zezindawo zokuhlala kuyo.

Izinselele Nezithiyo Eziqhubekayo

Ukuxhasa Nokulawula

Naphezu kwemibuso yabo eyandayo, omeya bamameya bahlala bencike kakhulu ezinkokhelweni zikahulumeni ophakathi. I-Howary Revenue Accomple, elinganisela ukuthi i-apple ingakanani imikhandlu engaboleka ngokumelene nezindlu zabo, ivimbela ikhono labo lokwakha izindlu ezintsha zomphakathi. ‘ Ikhet’s Togula project, izinhlangano eziphoqelela ukudanisa amakhaya ngentengo, zikhiphe imali ekhona ngokushesha kunaleyo engenziwa ngenye. Abakhomishane balokhu bebiza njalo ukususwa kwe-capyrry nezindlela zokuzimela ezithengiselwayo. Izindawo ezivame ukuncitshiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala eziphambili, zishiya izimali zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zendawo. Nakuba i-devondale iletha inzuzo yokwehlahlolwa kwemali yemali yezebhizinisi kanye nezokuthutha idlana.

Isimiso Sokuhlela Esingenangqondo

Isimiso sokuhlela i-UK siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, nabenzi bezinqumo abaningi, ukuhlola komphakathi okude, nezinselele ezivamile ezingokomthetho. Abakhankasi bangamisa inqubo engokomthetho, kodwa imikhandlu yendawo isangenza izinqumo eziningi zokuhlela, futhi le nqubo ingathatha iminyaka. Ukusungulwa ‘ kokuhlela ngezimiso nezindawo kusisize kwezinye izindawo, kodwa intuthuko ithatha kancane. Ukuphikisa kwe-NIBY kuhlala kunamandla, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene nentuthuko noma izinhlelo ezithinta imiphakathi eqinile. Ama-May akumelwe alinganisele isidingo sokulungisa isivinini ngesidingo sentando yeningi ukuze avumele amazwi endawo ukuba avumela ukuba alungise izakhiwo zabo zomakhelwane. Ushintsho lokuhlela isimiso sokuqondisa izindlu kudinga ukulawulwa kwesimiso sempi esinde kakhulu esizodinga ukushintshwa eWestminstern.

Ukuphikiswa Kwezombangazwe Nomphakathi

Izindlu zingokwabantu abahlala kuzo, futhi izimeya ngokuvamile zibhekene nokuphikiswa kwezindawo ezihlukene. Eminye imiphakathi imelana nentuthuko entsha ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthwetshulwa kwezakhiwo, ukushintsha kwenani lomphakathi, noma ukuwa kwempahla. Amanye, ikakhulukazi amaqembu abathengi, alwela izindlu ezingokwenhlalo kanye nokulawula okunamandla, okungaphikisana nezindlela zokudayisa abathuthukisi abazimele kanye nemikhandlu yendawo. Abaphathi bemikhandlu yasendaweni kumelwe basebenzise lemiba enzima kuyilapho belondoloza ukusekelana kwezindawo zabo zokuhlala. Ngokwesibonelo, amasu eNtshona Ntshona Midlandsball ahlela ‘ i-Oscott Garland Village Callet amelana nokuphikiswa okunzima kwezombangazwe. Abaholi beveze kakhulu ekubopheleni kwezindawo zomphakathi futhi basebenzise ukwaziswa kakhulu ukuze babonise ukudinga izindlu ezintsha, kodwa abangeke bakwazi ukunqoba kakhulu.

Iziqondiso Nezituso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Uma sibheka phambili, indima yabameya yokulungisa isimiso sezindlu zasemadolobheni iyomane ikhule ngokubaluleka.

  • I-inverening devolution: Ama-may aqhubeke esunduzela ukuze alawule kakhulu inzuzo yendlu, amazinga okuqasha umphakathi, kanye nokuthumba inani lomhlaba. I-‘trallblazer ’ devolution quences inikeza ezinye izakhiwo ezizolandela, futhi uhulumeni olandelayo ('Rebitaillet Labour okanye Conservative") uyodinga ukucabangela ukunikeza amandla afanayo kuzo zonke iziphathimandla ezihlangene.
  • [[NTL:0] Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola: amathuluzi e-inthambithi anjenge-3D, i-alytics, kanye namapulatifomu okuhlola i-inthanethi angasheshisa ukuhlela nokuthuthukisa ukubophana komphakathi. Ababoshiwe kufanele bafake imali emathekwini okwaziswa obala okunikeza izakhamuzi ulwazi lwangempela ngezinhlelo zezindawo zokuhlala, ukuthenga, kanye nokusebenza kwendawo ezungezile.
  • Uhlelo lwezesisekelo olufakiwe: indlu ayinakuphumelela ekuzihlukaniseni. Ama-meya kumele ahlele ukuhanjiswa kwezindlu ngezothutho, amandla, amanzi, nezimiso zamanani. Umqondo we-‘15-minunute commeters, lapho zonke izidingo zansuku zonke zihamba kafushane noma umjikelezo, unikeza uhlelo olunamandla lokwakha imiphakathi ephelele.
  • Izimo ezisha zezimali: enemali yomphakathi evalekile, omeya bahlola ezinye izindlela zokuxhasa imali, kuhlanganise nezibopho zikamasipala, ukuthuthwa kwezwe (ngokuvame kakhulu okusetshenziswa eLondon nase Manchester), kanye nokutshala imali emisha ezinkampanini zempesheni nomshuwalense. Intuthuko yomphakathi kanye nezithombe ze-orensitive zingakhanga futhi inhloko yedolobha ebekezelayo.
  • A kubhekiselwa kumasheya akhona: nakuba isakhiwo esisha sibalulekile, amameya angeke akwazi ukushalazela izigidi zamakhaya akhona adinga ukufaneleka kwempumelelo yamandla, ukuphepha komlilo, nenduduzo. Isimiso sezwe ‘ sokulungisa nokulungisa, esiholwa yimeya ehlangene neziphathimandla zendawo, singadala imisebenzi futhi sinciphise ukukhipha icarbon.

Isiphetho

Inkathi yangemva kwe-pandemic ibuye yachaza izinto eziza kuqala ezimisweni yezindlu zasedolobheni e-UK. Abamakhetshi baye basabela ngokulangazelela nangokusungula, besebenzisa amandla abo anciphileyo ukuze baqhubele phambili izakhiwo ezithengwayo, ezilondolozwayo, nezihlelwa umphakathi. Ukusuka eLondon izakhiwo ze-zero-carbon ukuya ekuvimbeleni iManchester ukungabikho makhaya, kusukela eNtshona ye-Midlandslands emnyama ukuya eLiverpoolday ukuya ekuguqukeni komgwaqo ophezulu, ukuthatha kwabo isisekelo sesikhathi esizayo esigcweleyo, nesomphakathi. Nokho, impumelelo ixhomeke ekusekeleni izimali zikahulumeni eziphakathi, ukusekela kwezimali nokulungisa izimali. Izindawo zokusekela izimali zokuxhasa iMaystertonton kudinga amathuluzi amakhulu kakhulu okulawula isimiso sokulawula izakhiwo zezindawo zokuhlala, kuhlanganise nokuhlela izindleko zezindawo ezisemabhakamende, ukuhle kakhulu kwezindawo zokuzinye nje kuphela.