Ukuchaza Ubulungisa Ngaphansi Kwentando Yeningi

Umqondo wobulungisa yisici esiyisisekelo lapho imiphakathi yentando yeningi yakhiwe khona. Ayisona isimiso esiqinile kodwa yisimiso esinamandla esishintshashintshayo esihambisana nemiphakathi esebenzayo. Emkhakhanyeni wentando yeningi, ubulungisa budlulela ngalé kokulalela nje okungokomthetho; buhlanganisa ukuzinikela okuhlangene ekungakhethini, ukulingana, nesithunzi esifuzekayo sawo wonke umuntu. Idemokratimente ehluleka ukukhipha ubulungisa ilahlekelwa igunya layo lokuziphatha nezingozi zehlela esimisweni lapho kungase kwenziwe khona okulungile khona, kunokuba kube yikho ukwenza amandla alungile.

Ubulungisa, obuyinhloko, buqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amalungu omphakathi athola lokho okufanele. Lokhu akuhlanganisi ukuvikelwa kokulimala nokuphathwa ngokungafanele kuphela kodwa futhi nokuthola amathuba nengcebo edingekayo ukuze ukuphila kuchume. Ukuphishekela ubulungisa ngokwentando yeningi kudinga ukuqapha njalo, ukuzihlola okubucayi, nokuzimisela ukulungisa amaphutha angokomlando. Kuyinqubo eqhubekayo yokuhlanganisa izakhiwo zomphakathi nezimiso zokuziphatha, kunokuba kufinyelelwe kanye nakanye.

Izisekelo zefilosofi zobulungisa kumqondo wentando yeningi waseNtshonalanga zisuka kakhulu ezibalweni ezifana noJohn Rawls, omfundiso yakhe yobulungisa njengobulungisa iveza ukuthi umphakathi onobulungisa ungowomuntu ongavumelana naye ngemva "kokungazi" — ukungazi indawo yawo kulowomphakathi. Lokhu kuhlola kwembula ukuthi ubulungisa beqiniso budinga amalungiselelo azuzisa amalungu omphakathi angenanzuzo kakhulu, ngoba akukho muntu onengqondo ongazifaka engozini yokuzalelwa eqenjini elingaphansi kwesigaba elingenazisivikelo. Lombono uye waguqula ukuqonda kwanamuhla kokulahla ubulungisa nokwenendima yezwe ekuqinisekiseni amalungelo ayisisekelo namathuba azo zonke izakhamuzi.

Izinsika Zobulungisa Embusweni Wentando Yeningi

Ubulungisa emphakathini wentando yeningi busekelwe ezinsikeni eziningana ezihlangene, ngasinye sikhuluma ngezinga elihlukile lokulunga nokulingana. Ukuqonda lezigaba kusiza izakhamuzi nabenzi bezimiso ukuba babone lapho kudingeka khona intuthuko nendlela izinhlobo ezihlukene zobulungisa eziphelelisana ngayo.

Ubulungisa Obusakazayo: I - Fair Alposition of Species

Ukwahlulela ngokulunga kuphathelene nokwabiwa okulinganayo kwezinzuzo nemithwalo emphakathini wonke. Ebuthweni lentando yeningi, lokhu kusho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezibalulekile njengemfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, indawo yokuhlala, nezomnotho zitholakala kubo bonke, hhayi nje abambalwa abanelungelo. Isimiso asifuni imiphumela efanayo kubo bonke kodwa kunalokho sifuna ukuba ukungalingani kuthetheleleke futhi kuzuzise amalungu omphakathi angenalutho.

Izinhlelo ezingokoqobo zobulungisa ezihlukanisayo zihlanganisa izimiso eziqhubekayo zentela, izindlela zokuxhasa imfundo yomphakathi eziqondisa ingcebo eyengeziwe ezifundeni ezimpofu, namanetha okuphepha ezenhlalo avimbela ubunzima obukhulu. Uma idemokrasi idemokrasi idebesela ukukhipha ubulungisa, ifaka izingozi zokwakha isigaba esingaphansi kwesigaba esiqinile, ukunciphisa ukufaneleka kwezinhlangano zayo. Igebe elikhulayo lengcebo emazweni amaningi entando yeningi liqokomisa ukushukuma okuqhubekayo phakathi kwemiphumela yezentengiselwano nezimiso zentando yeningi zobulungisa.

Ubulungisa Bemvelo: Ukulunga Kuyahambisana Nenqubo

Ubulungisa bezenqubo bugxila ekuqondeni ngokulunga kwezinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza izinqumo nokuxazulula izingxabano, kunokuba zixazulule zona ngokwazo. Emphakathini wentando yeningi, lokhu kudinga ukuba imithetho nezimiso zisetshenziswe ngokungaguquguquki, ngokusobala, nangokungenalo ubandlululo. Lomqondo ugcizelela ukuthi abantu bathambekele kakhulu ekwamukeleni imiphumela engemihle uma bekholelwa ukuthi lenqubo yayilungile.

Izici eziyinhloko zobulungisa obungokwenzuzo zihlanganisa: [

  • Ukungathathi-kancane:[ abenzi-zinqumo kumelwe bangakhethi futhi bangabi nazingxabano zesithakazelo.[[[FLT:][FL:]
  • [FLT]][FLT:] [FLT:]] [FLT]] [FLT] [11] inqubo [FLT] imelwe ivule iqondekelele, futhi inikezelwe.[FFFFOLT][12][12][12][12][FT] [FFFFT] kanye]

    Uma kusetshenziswa inqubo, ubulungisa bezeluleko bubonakala ekwahlulelweni, ekuqulweni kwecala, ekuqulweni kwecala, ezinqunyweni zemithetho, futhi ngisho nasekubusweni kwezinhlangano. Uma izakhamuzi ziqaphela ukuthi izinqubo ezingokomthetho nezezombangazwe zilungile, zithambekele kakhulu ekuhambisaneni nemithetho futhi zibambisane neziphathimandla.

    Ukwahlulela Okunobulungisa Okusakazayo: Ukulandisa Okungokomthetho

    Ubulungisa obudluliswayo bukhuluma ngokusabela okufanele kobubi. Buthi labo abephula umthetho bafanelwe isijeziso esilingana nokulimala abakubangele emphakathini wentando yeningi. Emphakathini, ubulungisa obunentando yeningi kumelwe buboshwe ngezimiso zokulinganisela, inqubo efanelekile, nenhlonipho ngamalungelo abantu. Isijeziso akumelwe sibe nonya, silulaze, noma siphindisele, kodwa kunalokho sihlonishwe ukubonisa kokubili ubuqatha bobubi nokulahlwa komenzi wobubi.

    Indlela yentando yeningi yokukhipha ubulungisa ngokwentando yeningi ilahla isijeziso esiwumthetho noma esingaphezu kwesomuntu. Idinga ukuba imithetho yobugebengu icace, ibe yomphakathi, futhi isetshenziswe ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izakhamuzi, kungakhathaliseki isikhundla noma amandla azo. Isimiso sokulinganisela siqinisekisa ukuthi isijeziso asidlulisi lokho okudingekayo ukuze kusebenze izinjongo ezingokomthetho, njengokuvimbela, ukuvala imingcele, nokuqiniswa kwezimiso ezingokomthetho. Izinguquko zanamuhla ezisezikhundleni eziningi zentando yeningi ziye zafuna ukunciphisa izigwebo eziyisisekelo nezingalinganisi ezingokohlanga ekugwebeni, kubonakalisa umzamo oqhubekayo wokuhlela imikhuba engokomthetho yokuhlukanisa abantu nezingalingani nezindinganiso zentando yeningi.

    Ubulungisa Obubuyiselwe: Ukuphulukisa Nokubuyisana

    Ubulungisa obubuyisela bunikeza uhlelo oluvumelanayo olugxile ekulungiseni umonakalo kunokuba nje ujezise izaphula-mthetho. Luhlanganisa izisulu, izaphula-mthetho, namalungu omphakathi ngenqubo ehleliwe ukuvuma ububi, izidingo, nokunquma ukuthi kufanele wenze izinto zibe ezilungile kanjani. Lendlela igcizelela ukulandisa, ukuphulukisa, nokubuyiselwa kwezisulu nezaphula umthetho emphakathini.

    Imikhuba yokubuyisela iye yasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ezimisweni zobulungisa zentsha, izinhlelo zesikole zokuyala, kanye nokulwa komphakathi. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi ukubuyisela ubulungisa kunganciphisa amazinga okubuyisela ukwahlulela, ukwaneliseka kwandisa izindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo ezingokwesiko zokujezisa. Ngokulungisa kusengaphambili ukuphindisela, ukubuyisela ubulungisa kuhambisana nezinga eliyintando yeningi lokuhlanganyela, ukuxoxa, nokuphatha umthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi.

    Ubulungisa Njengesisekelo Sobufundisi Bentando Yeningi

    Intando yeningi ithola ukufaneleka kwayo ngokuvuma kwababuswayo, futhi leyomvume ixhomeke embonweni wokuthi isimiso silungile.

    Isivumelwano Sezenhlalo Nobulungisa

    Isivumelwano senhlalo, esishiwo izazi zefilosofi ezinjengoThomas Hobbes, uJohn Locke, noJean-Jacques Rousseau, amaphupho okuthi abantu bayavuma ukunikela inkululeko ethile kuhulumeni ukuze bathathelene isivikelo nokugcinwa kwemithetho elungile. Lesi sivumelwano sesisekelo sisho ukuthi umbuso unesibopho sokuziphatha sokubusa ngokulunga. Uma ubulungisa bungekho, isivumelwano sezenhlalo siyaphulwa, futhi izakhamuzi zingathethelelwa ukulahla imvume yazo.

    Kuyidemokrasi yanamuhla, isivumelwano sezenhlalo siqalwa ngokuqhubekayo ngokhetho, umthetho, nangenkulumo yasobala. Ubulungisa buqinisekisa ukuthi lesisivumelwano sihlala silinganiselwe futhi silungile. Sivimbela umbuso ekusebenziseni kabi amandla awo ukuze uzuzise abambalwa abakhethwa ngokulahlekelwa abaningi. Isivumelwano sentando yeningi sidumisa ubuhlobo obubodwa phakathi kwamalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo, siqinisekisa inkululeko lapho sifuna izakhamuzi ukuba zihloniphe amalungelo abanye futhi zinikele ekuzuzeni okuhle okufanayo.

    Ubulungisa Nokubusa KoMthetho

    Ukubusa komthetho kuyisimiso esiyinhloko sokubusa kwentando yeningi, sigomela ngokuthi bonke abantu nezinhlangano bangaphansi komthetho futhi banomthwalo wemfanelo ngokulinganayo. Ubulungisa bunikeza okuqukethwe okungaphansi okunikeza ukubusa komthetho amandla akho okuziphatha. Ngaphandle kobulungisa, ukubusa komthetho kungaba yithuluzi lokucindezela, njengoba umlando uye wabonisa emibusweni yobushiqela esebenzisa izindlela ezingokomthetho ukuze kugunyazwe ukungalungi okuhleliwe.

    [[12] Imithetho yemithetho yokusebenzisa ubulungisa, kumelwe ihlanganise:

    • [[FLT]] iMithetho kumelwe isebenze kuwo wonke umuntu, kuhlanganise nabaphathi bomthetho nabaphathi bakahulumeni.[[FLT:] [[FLT:][FL:][FLT][FL:][FOL:][FLT]] [11] [FLT]] Imithetho:[[FLT] [[FLT]] [[11]] Imithetho kumele ikwaziwe futhi ifinyelelekelele, ukuze izakhamuzi zingaqondiswe izigwebo zazo, ukuze zikwazi ukuphatha izijelo, uma kungenziwa khona.[FFFFOLT][12][12][10][11][11][11] kumele kusetshenziswe:[FFUT] futhi kungokohlu.[10]

      Lapho lezizimo zihlangabezana, umthetho ukha isimiso esiqinile abantu abangahlela kuso ukuphila kwabo, ibhizinisi, futhi bahlanganyele ezinqubweni zentando yeningi beqiniseka ukuthi amalungelo abo ayovikelwa.

      Ubulungisa Bezenhlalo Nokungakhethi

      Ubulungisa bezenhlalo busingatha ukungafani kwezakhiwo okuvimbela amaqembu athile ukuba athathe iqhaza ngokugcwele ekuphileni kwentando yeningi. Buqaphela ukuthi ukulingana okungokomthetho akwanele uma ukuwohloka komlando nokwezimiso kuqhubeka kudala imiphumela. Ubulungisa bezenhlalo bufuna izinyathelo eziqinile zokususa imingcele futhi kunciphise inkundla yokudlala.

      Lolu lunga luhlanganisa: [

      • i-act:[ Inikeza iholo elilungile, inikeza izimo zokusebenza, nokufinyelela emathubeni ezomnotho.[[[FLT:] [[FLT:]
      • bulungisa:[] ukukhokha inzuzo yobandlululo nobandlululo lwezimiso zobuhlanga ezikhundlekweni, izinkantolo, izinkantolo, isakhiwo, nemfundo.[[FLT][11] [FLT] [FLT] [5]] [5]] [5] :[FLT] [5][4] .[5][5]

        Izindlela zobulungisa bezenhlalo zivame ukubangela ukuphikisana ngokulingana phakathi kokubaluleka komuntu ngamunye nomthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ukuvumela izenzo kanye nezinqubo ezifanayo kungadala izinhlobo ezintsha zokungalungi, kuyilapho abasekeli bephikisa ngokuthi ukukhuluma ngezimiso ezingalungile kudinga ukungenela kokuhlolwa. Lengxoxo eqhubekayo iyisici esihle sokucabanga ngentando yeningi, okubonisa ukuthembisana komphakathi ngezimfuno eziyinkimbinkimbi zobulungisa.

        Izinselele Zobulungisa Zesikhathi Esizayo

        Naphezu kokubaluleka okuyisisekelo kobulungisa, imiphakathi ebusa ngentando yeningi ibhekene nezinselele eziphikelelayo nezivelayo ezisongela ukufiphaza ukugcwaliseka kwabo.

        I - smedic Bias Nokungalingani Kwezakhiwo

        Enye yezinselele ezinkulu kakhulu ebulungisani ukuphikelela kobandlululo lwezimiso ezisezinhlanganweni ezingokomthetho, zezomnotho, nezezombangazwe. Ngisho nalapho imithetho ingathathi hlangothi ebusweni, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungaveza imiphumela ewubandlululo ngenxa yezindlela ezingokomlando, ubandlululo olusobala, nokungalingani kokwakheka. Ukucwaninga ngokuhluka kobuhlanga esimisweni sobulungisa sobugebengu, ngokwesibonelo, njalo kubonisa ukuthi abantu abanombala basengozini kakhulu yokumiswa, ukuboshwa, ukumangalelwa ngezenzo ezingathi sína, futhi bagwetshelwe izigwebo ezinde kunezezinhlangothi zabo ezimhlophe ngenxa yokuziphatha okufanayo.

        Ukusingatha ubandlululo lwesimiso akudingi ushintsho lwenqubo kuphela kodwa futhi nokushintsha kwezempucuko ngaphakathi ezinhlanganweni. Ukuqeqeshelwa ubandlululo oluphelele, ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa, ukuqapha komphakathi, nokuzihlola okuzimele kungasiza ekuboneni nasekulungiseni izindlela zokwelapha ezingalingani. Nokho, lezi zinyathelo kumelwe zibe yingxenye yesibopho esikhulu sokulungisa izakhiwo, njengoba izindlela ezithatha imingcele zihluleka ukuxazulula izimbangela eziyinhloko.

        Ukungavumelani Kwezomnotho Nokukwazi Ukumelela Ngokomthetho

        Ukuthola ubulungisa kuhlala kuphoqelelwe kakhulu ukungafani kwezomnotho. Izindleko zokumelelwa komthetho zingavimbela abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni zomphakathi ezihlanganisa indlu, umsebenzi, umthetho womkhaya, namalungelo abathengi. Ngaphandle kosizo olungokomthetho olufanele, abantu bangase balahlekelwe amakhaya abo, imisebenzi, noma ilungelo lokuhlala nezingane zabo, hhayi ngoba umthetho umelene nabo, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi abakwazi ukuphatha isimiso somthetho ngokuphumelelayo.

        Izimiso zomphakathi zokuvikela zigcwele ukuncishiswa futhi zithwele kakhulu, kuholela ekutheni abamangalelwa abangakwazi ukunikeza iseluleko sangasese singakholeki. Lokhu kwakha isimiso sobulungisa esinezingxenye ezimbili lapho ingcebo ikhona, kunokuba kube yinzuzo, ngokuvamile kunquma imiphumela. Izinguquko ezihloselwe ukwandisa usizo olungokomthetho, ukwenza izinqubo zenkantolo zibe lula, futhi ukutshala imali ekuvikeleni umphakathi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ubulungisa abugcinelwanga labo abakwazi ukubuthenga.

        Ukuncipha Kokwethembana Ezinhlanganweni

        Lapho izakhamuzi ziphelelwa ukuthembela ekungakhethini nasebuqothweni bezinhlangano zazo, ubulungisa buba nzima ukubufinyelela. Ukuthembela ezinkantolo, ukugcinwa komthetho, izimiso zokhetho, nezishaya - mthetho kuye kwehla embusweni wentando yeningi, kubhebhebhethekiswa imibono yenkohlakalo, ubandlululo, nokungafezeki. Lokhu kuwohloka kokwethembana kungadala umjikelezo omubi: njengoba ukwethembana, ukubambisana neziphathimandla kuncipha, ukuphoqelelwa kuya ngokubambisana kuya ngokuqhubekayo, futhi ukuthembana kuncipha ngokwengeziwe.

        Ukwakha kabusha ukuthembana kudinga ukulandisa okubonakalayo, ukubonakala, nokusabela. Amaqumrhu azimele, inkululeko yemithetho yokwaziswa, imithetho yezimiso, kanye nezinqubo zokuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi kungasiza ekubuyiseleni ukholo ezinhlanganweni. Abaholi kumelwe babonise ngezenzo zabo ukuthi bazinikele ekulungeni kunokuba bangenele noma bathathele inzuzo engcono kakhulu.

        Umphumela Wobuchwepheshe Nokwenyuka Kwamandla

        Intuthuko esheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe iletha izinselele ezintsha zobulungisa emiphakathini yentando yeningi. Ukwenza izinqumo ze-algoric ekufunyaniseni amaphoyisa, ukugweba, nokukhipha isigwebo kungaqhubekisela phambili futhi kwandise ubandlululo olukhona, njengezibonelo zomshini eziqeqeshelwe ukuveza izindlela zomlando zokuveza ukucwaswa. Ngokwesibonelo, amathuluzi okuchaza ukugcinwa komthetho angaqondisa imithombo ebekwe umthetho ukuba ibe ngaphezu kwemiphakathi egcwele, abangele iziphakamiso eziya ziba zimbi kakhulu.

        Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola obuningi buphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokufihla imfihlo, inqubo efanelekile, nokuqaphela ubumsulwa. Ukuqashelwa kobuso, ukuhlukanisa ukwaziswa, nokubikezela kunikeza ohulumeni amandla okuqondisa izakhamuzi ngendlela engakaze ibonwe, kudala izingozi zokuxhashazwa nemiphumela eshaqisayo ekukhulumeni kwezombangazwe. Izinhlangano zedemocratic kumelwe zimise izimiso eziqinile ezingokomthetho ukuze zilawule lobu buchwepheshe, ziqinisekisa ukuthi zikhonza ubulungisa kunokuba zibululaze.

        Izindlela Eziya Emphakathini Olungile Kakhulu

        Nakuba izinselele zobulungisa zibalulekile, imiphakathi yentando yeningi iye yasungula futhi yaqhubeka isungula amasu okuthuthukisa ukulunga, ukulingana, nokubusa umthetho.

        Izinguquko Zomthetho Nezomthetho

        Ushintsho lokwakha luvame ukuqala ngezinguquko ezingokomthetho nezezimiso ezikhuluma ngokungalingani. Lokhu kungahlanganisa ukubuyisela imithetho yobugebengu ukuze kuqedwe izijeziso ezingenakulinganiswa, kukhishwe icala, kufakwe ezinye izintambo, kufakwe ezinye izindlela zokugqunywa ejele, futhi kusetshenziswe iziqondiso ezinciphisa ukungalingani. Ukuguqula kwezezimali ngokwezezimali, ukuvimbela, nemithetho yezimiso kunganciphisa ithonya lemali kwezombangazwe futhi kubuyiselwe ubuqotho ezimisweni zentando yeningi.

        Ukuhlelwa kwezimiso ezisekelwe kubufakazi, ezitshelwa ukucwaninga okunzima nokuhlaziywa kokwaziswa, kungasiza ekuboneni ukuthi iziphi iziteshi eziphumelela kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ubulungisa. Izinhlelo zabashayeli, ukulingwa okulawulwa ngokungenanjongo, nokuqhubeka kuhlolwa kuvumela ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo nokuvumelana. Izinguquko kufanele ziklanywe ngokufakazelwa emiphakathini ethintekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe izidingo zangempela nokugwema imiphumela engalindelekile.

        Imfundo Yabo Bonke Nokufunda Okungokomthetho

        Isimiso semfundo esinemininingwane yezentando yeningi esidinga ubuchwepheshe obuphelele. Izinhlelo zemfundo zeCivic ezifundisa abafundi ngesimiso sikahulumeni, izimiso zobulungisa, namalungelo nemithwalo yabo yemfanelo zinganika abantu amandla okuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo ekuphileni kwentando yeningi. Imizamo yokufunda nokubhala esemthethweni isiza abantu ukuba baqonde indlela yokulawula isimiso somthetho, ukuqinisa amalungelo abo nokufuna ukubuyiselwa lapho besoniwe.

        Imfundo yomphakathi ngobandlululo olucacile, ukungalingani kokwakheka, nomlando wezinhlangano zobulungisa kungabangela uzwela nokusekela izinguquko. Amakhono okufunda imithombo yezindaba asiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlaziye ukwaziswa ngokunenzuzo futhi zimelane nokusetshenziswa kwemithetho engafanele. Lapho abantu beqonda indlela ubulungisa obusebenza ngayo nokuthi kungani kubalulekile, bathambekele kakhulu ekubufuneni kubaholi babo nasezinhlanganweni zabo.

        Izinhlangano Ezinezimpande Nokulandisa Komphakathi

        Umlando ubonisa ukuthi ubulungisa obuguqulayo ngokuvamile buvela ezinhlanganweni ezihlelwa yilezo ezithinteke kakhulu ngokungabi nabulungisa. Umzabalazo wamalungelo omphakathi, umzabalazo wabesifazane, umzabalazo wezisebenzi, kanye nezinhlangano zamanje zokwahlulela kwezinhlanga namaphoyisa aguqula inguquko, konke kuye kwashukumisela imiphakathi yentando yeningi ukuba iphile ngokuvumelana nezinhloso zayo. Lezinhlangano zisebenzisa ukubhikisha, ukubhalisa, ukuvoca, nokuhlela kwabavocayo ukufuna ushintsho.

        Izinqubo zokulandisa emphakathini, njengamabhodi abaphathi abangabuthi ngokomthetho amaphoyisa, amazwe, nezinqubo zokuhlela ukuhlelwa kwemali, zinikeza izakhamuzi ithonya eliqondile ezinhlanganweni ezithinta ukuphila kwazo.

        Imikhuba Yokwahlulela Okubuyisela Nokuguqulayo

        Ukuthuthukisa inqubo yobulungisa eguqulayo kunikeza indlela ethembisayo yokulungisa ukulimala ngezindlela eziqinisa imiphakathi kunokuba ijezise abantu. Iziyingi ezibuyisela, ukubuyisa izisulu, nokunikezana komphakathi kungasetshenziswa ezikoleni, emsebenzini, nakube isimiso sobulungisa sokuxazulula izingxabano nokulungisa ubuhlobo.

        Ubulungisa bokuguqula buqhubekela phambili ngokusingatha izimo zezenhlalo eziyisisekelo ezibangela umonakalo ekuqaleni. Lendlela iqaphela ukuthi ubugebengu obuningi bubangelwa ubumpofu, ukulimala, ukuluthwa utshwala, nokuntula ithuba, futhi ifuna ukudala izimo lapho abantu bengachuma khona ngaphandle kokulimaza abanye. Ukungeniswa kwezinkonzo zempilo zengqondo, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa, indawo yokuhlala, imfundo, nethuba lezomnotho kunganciphisa ubugebengu futhi kuthuthukise inhlalakahle yomphakathi ngokuphumelelayo kunezindlela zokubulala.

        Ikusasa Lobulungisa ESociety Edemocratic Societies

        Incazelo yobulungisa emphakathini wentando yeningi iyoqhubeka iguquka njengoba izinselele ezintsha zivela futhi ukuqonda kwethu ngobulungisa kujula. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuhlakanipha kokuzenzela, ukuthutha kwembulunga yonke, nokuhlukahluka okukhulayo kudinga ukuba kuphinde kuhlolwe lokho okufunwa ubulungisa. Imibuso kumelwe ihlale ivumelana nezimo, izimisele ukungabaza imikhuba emisiwe futhi ihlanganise nezici ezingcono ezifeza isimiso sesithunzi esilinganayo kubo bonke abantu.

        Ubulungisa abusona isici sokunethezeka sentando yeningi eqinile kodwa buyisidingo sokusinda kwazo. Uma izakhamuzi zibona ukuthi isimiso simelene nazo, zingayeka ukuhlanganyela ngentando yeningi noma ziphendukele kwezinye izindlela zobuphostoli ezithembisa ukuhleleka okuhambisana nenkululeko. Ngokuphambene, lapho ubulungisa buphishekelwa ngobuqotho, bubangela ukwethembana, ukubambisana, kanye nobunye obusekela izinhlangano zentando yeningi phakathi nezikhathi zokucindezeleka noshintsho.

        Ukuphishekela ubulungisa kuwumsebenzi owenziwa ngezizukulwane. Isizukulwane ngasinye sizuza ifa lempumelelo nokwehluleka kwabanduleli baso futhi sinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqhubekisela phambili inhloso yokulunga. Ngokuzifunela ubulungisa njengenzuzo eyisisekelo yentando yeningi, imiphakathi ingadala izimo lapho wonke umuntu engaphila khona ngesithunzi, ahlanganyele ngokugcwele ekuphileni komphakathi, futhi abe neqhaza ebuhleni obufanayo. Lesibopho asisona nje isidingo esingcono kodwa siwusizo ekwakheni isibindi, impumelelo, futhi iphakathi komphakathi odumisa wonke amalungu awo.