Table of Contents

ISichibiyelo Seshumi Nesishiyagalolunye: Amashumi Eminyaka Okunqoba Ekwakhiweni

ISichibiyelo seshumi elinesishiyagalolunye soMthetho-sisekelo we-United States, esagunyazwa ngo-1920, simi njengempumelelo ephawulekayo ekulweleni amalungelo abesifazane. Lokhu kulungisa komthetho-sisekelo kwanika abesifazane ilungelo lokuvota, ngokuyisisekelo kuguqula idemokrasi yaseMelika futhi kuphawula isiphetho somzabalazo othatha iminyaka engaphezu kwengamashumi ayisikhombisa. Phakathi nalenhlangano emikhulu kwakunabesifazane ababili ababenobudlelwano obungavamile, ukubona, nokuzinikela okungantengantengi: uSusan B. noElizabeth Cady Stanton, abaholi benhlangano yabesifazane eU.S.

Indaba yokuthuka kwabesifazane eMelika ingeyokuqina, ukuphikelela, nokuqonda. Nakuba abantu abaningi babenengxenye kule njongo, ubudlelwane phakathi kuka-Anthony noStanton babonakala bunamandla ayingqayizivele futhi buhlala. Ukubambisana kwabo, okwaqala ngo-1851 futhi kwathatha ingxenye yekhulu leminyaka, kwadala isisekelo sokuhlakanipha, inhlangano, kanye nomfutho wezombangazwe owawuyogcina uvikele amalungelo okuvota abesifazane baseMelika. Ukuqonda iminikelo yabo nemiphumela ehlangene kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile kwenye yezinhlangano zezenhlalo ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni waseMelika.

U - Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Ukuphila Kwangaphambili Nokufundiswa

Ukukhuliswa Ngezifundo Eziningi

Ubaba wakhe uDaniel Cady waba ummeli kamuva owaba umahluleli eNkantolo Ephakeme yaseNew York. Lesisikhundla esikhethekile samenza wakwazi ukufunda nokuqapha abesifazane benkathi yakhe, kodwa futhi samenza wabhekana nobandlululo olungokomthetho olunamandla abesifazane ababebhekene nalo ngaphansi komthetho waseMelika.

Ngo-1826, ukufa komfowabo uEleazar kwamqhubekisa phambili kuyo yonke indawo umfowabo ayezama ukukhokhela uyise ngokulahlekelwa kwakhe. Le nhlekelele yaqala ukuhlobisa, njengoba u-Elizabeth osemusha ayefuna ukuzibonakalisa elingana nanoma iyiphi indodana emehlweni kayise. Naphezu kokuphumelela kwakhe, wabhekana neqiniso elibuhlungu lokuthi umphakathi wawubeka imingcele eqinile kumathuba abesifazane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangenzani noma bafeza okuthile.

Imfundo Nokuphaphama Ngokomthetho

Waya eTroy Femaidy, lapho athola khona imfundo engcono kakhulu eyayitholakala kowesifazane osemusha wasekuqaleni kuka - 1830. UStanton wathweswa iziqu eTroy Feady Seminary ngo - 1832. Lenhlangano, eyasungulwa uEmma Willard, yayiphakathi kwezinhlangano zemfundo ezithuthuke kakhulu zabesifazane eMelika, yanikeza iStanton isisekelo esiqinile sengqondo esasiyomzuzisa kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe.

Imfundo yakhe yadluliselwa ngalé kwemfundo yangaphakathi. Lapho efunda ehhovisi likayise lomthetho, wathola ulwazi lwakhe siqu ngesimiso somthetho esingokomthetho esasilawula ukuphila kwabesifazane. Wafunda ngokucasha /imfundiso engokomthetho eyathi abesifazane abashadile "bafa ngokuphazima kweso" emehlweni omthetho .(ne) futhi wabona abesifazane beza ehhovisi likayise befuna usizo ngezinkinga ezingokomthetho ezazivela ngokuqondile ekuntuleni kwabo amalungelo. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kwaveza imbewu yesibopho sakhe sokuphila konke sokulingana kwabesifazane.

Umshado Nokuthatha Isinyathelo Sokushintsha

Ngomzala wakhe uGerrit Smith wahileleka ezinhlanganweni zesiyaluyalu nezokulwa namalungelo obudlova; ngo-1840 washada noHenry B. Stanton. Umshado wakhe noHenry Stanton, isikhulumi esidumile sokunqanda ukunqanda nokuhlela, wamfaka esisekelweni sezinhlangano zenguquko ezaziphazamisa umphakathi waseMelika esikhathini se-antebellum. Uhambo lwangemva kweholide lwamaMelika ukuya eLondon ngeSivumelwano somhlaba i - Anti - Sristory ngo - 1840 lwabonisa ukuthi lubalulekile ekuthuthukeni kukaStantonton njengommeleli wamalungelo abesifazane.

Emhlanganweni waseLondon, izihambeli zabesifazane, kuhlanganise noStanton nomphathi weQuaker Lucretia Mott, bancishwa ilungelo lokuhlanganyela kulo mkhosi ngenxa nje yocansi lwabo. Lolu kuhlangenwe nakho oluhlazisayo, naphezu kokubekwa kwabo njengabaphelisi bemithetho, kwachaza ukuqonda kukaStanton ukuthi ukuzithoba kwabesifazane kwakuwukungabi nabulungisa okuyisisekelo okwakudinga ukumelana nokuhlelwa. Yena noMott baxoxa ngesidingo somhlangano onikezelwe amalungelo abesifazane, ingxoxo eyayizothela izithelo eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili kamuva.

Ukuphila Kwasekhaya Nokunganeliseki Okukhulayo

Lapho amaStanton esuka eBoston eya edolobhaneni laseSeneca Falls, eNew York, ngo-1847, u-Elizabeth wahlushwa ukuntuleka komphakathi ohlakaniphe. UStanton wayehlala nomyeni wakhe nabantwana abayisikhombisa kulelidolobha elincane, lapho imfuno yokuphila kwasekhaya nokuba umama yayivame ukushiya khona ingeyodwa. Kulokhu kuphelelwa yithemba kwavela isinqumo sokuguqula indawo yabesifazane emphakathini.

Umehluko phakathi kokuphila kwakhe kwangaphambili eBoston, lapho ayekwazi khona ukuthola izihlakaniphi nezinguquko, kanye nokuhlala kwakhe okusha emaphandleni aseSeneca Falls kwaqokomisa imingcele ebekwa imithwalo yemfanelo yasekhaya ekuphileni kwabesifazane. Lokhu kukhungatheka nokulinganiselwa komuntu siqu kwaba yithonya elishukumisayo ekuthatheni kwakhe isinyathelo, njengoba aqaphela ukuthi izimpi zakhe siqu zazibonisa isimo esibanzi sabesifazane baseMelika.

USusan B.O.O. Anthony: Ukuphila Kwangaphambili Nendlela Yokuthatha Isinyathelo

Izimbangela Zobukhulu Nezindinganiso Eziqhubekayo

USusan B. U-Anthony wazalwa ngo-February 15, 1820, eduze no-Adams, eMassachusetts kuDaniel Anthony noLucy Anthony. UDaniel, uQuaker, umnikazi wesigayo nemboni, nolwezinguquko, waqiniseka ukuthi amadodakazi akhe kanye namadodana akhe bathola imfundo engcono kakhulu. Le ndlela elinganayo yemfundo yayiyimfanelo yezindinganiso zamaQuaker, eyayigcizelela ukulingana ngokomoya phakathi kwamadoda nabesifazane.

Ngokungafani nabesifazane abaningi baseMelika benkathi yakhe, ababelindeleke ukuba bathule obala, abesifazane abangamaQuaker babengakhuluma emihlanganweni yenkolo futhi bahlanganyele ngentshiseko emiphakathini yabo. Lokhu kukhuliswa kwenza u - Anthony waqiniseka futhi wazizwa elingana okwakuyodingeka ukuba kamuva enze izenzo zakhe zobuQuaker.

Umsebenzi Wokufundisa Nokuqala Womsebenzi Wokuguqula

Ngemva kwemfundo yakhe, wasebenza njengothisha. Ngo-1848, ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi yokufundisa, u-Anthony waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokuguqula isimo sakhe njengomshisekeli wezomoya. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe njengothisha kwamchaya ekwabeni abesifazane ababebhekene nezomnotho, futhi abafundisi bazuza kakhulu kunabesifazane, ngisho nalapho benza umsebenzi ofanayo. Lokhu kwazenza wathola iholo lokucwaswa kwandisa ukuzinikela kwakhe emalungelweni abesifazane.

Wajoyina iDaughts of Deferance ngo-1848, washiya ukufundisa ngo-1849, futhi ngokushesha waba umholi oqashelwayo olawulayo esifundazweni saseNew York. Ngesineke, wakhuthaza abesifazane ukuba bafune amakhambi angokomthetho okuvikela imikhaya yabo ebumpofwini nasebudloveni obubangelwa ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala kwabayeni babo. Umzabalazo womoya wanikeza uAnthony okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kokuqala ekukhulumeni obala, ekuhleleni, nasekuhlobiseni iziqhano ezazingasiza kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe wamuva.

Ukuthatha Isenzo Sokulwa Nobugqila

Wazalelwa emkhayeni wamaQuaker ozinikele ekulinganani komphakathi, waqoqa izicelo zokumelana nobugqila eneminyaka engu - 17. Ngemva kokuba umkhaya wakwa - Anthony uthuthele eRochester, eNew York ngo - 1845, wahlanganyela embuthweni omelene nobugqila. Abalwa no-Antis Slavery Quaker babehlangana epulazini labo cishe njalo ngeSonto, lapho ngezinye izikhathi babehlangana khona noFrederick Douglas noWilliam Lloyd Garrison.

Ngo-1856, waba ummeleli we-American Anti-Buxbury Society ka-1856. Lokhu kuma kwafuna ukuba ahambe kulo lonke elase-Australia, ahlele imihlangano, athole amalungu, futhi aphakamise imali ngenxa yokunqanda ukunqandwa kwezwe. Umsebenzi wawuvame ukuba yingozi kakhulu `izikhulumi zezigqila) zezikhulu zika-(antixx zibhekene nezixuku ezinonya futhi ngezinye izikhathi nobudlova obungokomzimba kodwa kwazenza uAnthony wakwazi ukuhlanganisa futhi waqinisa ukuzimisela kwakhe ekwahluleleni komphakathi.

I-Seneca Falls Convention: Ukuqalisa Inhlangano Yamalungelo Abesifazane

Ukuhlela Umbuthano Oyingqopha - mlando

Wayeyithonya eliyinhloko eMhlanganweni weFalls ka-1848 Seneca, umhlangano wokuqala obizwa ngenjongo yokuxoxa ngamalungelo abesifazane, futhi wayengumsunguli oyinhloko weSimemezelo sawo soMasipala. NgoMott nabanye abesifazane abathathu, uElizabeth wahola umhlangano wokuqala wamalungelo abesifazane eSeneca Falls ngoJuly 1848.

Iholwe eWesleyan Chapel yedolobha laseSeneca Falls, eNew York, yathatha izinsuku ezimbili kuJuly 19-20, 1848. Phakathi nezinsuku ezimbili zomhlangano, abantu abalinganiselwa ku-300 bahlanganyela, inani elingaqasheki lanikeza inani elikhulu lababekhona incazelo yenkolo nenguquko eyayihlala endaweni yaseSeneca Falls. Lomhlangano wakhanga kokubili abesifazane namadoda ayezinikele ekuguquleni umphakathi, nakuba izikhawu zosuku lokuqala zazigcinelwe abesifazane kuphela.

Isimemezelo Sezigwebo

Umlobi oyinhloko weSimemezelo kwakunguElizabeth Cady Stanton, owasilingisa eSimemezelo Sokuzibusa Sase - United States. Kulomhlangano, wanikeza iSimemezelo Sawo Samalungelo Abantu neSifundazwe, incwadi ayiqamba. Ngokunanela ngamabomu ulimi nohlelo lweSimemezelo Senkululeko, uStanton wenza impikiswano enamandla: njengoba nje abalandeli bamakoloni baseMelika babememezele ukuzibusa kwabo ebushiqelani baseBrithani, abesifazane baseMelika babememezela ukuzimela kwabo ekubuseni abesilisa.

ISimemezelo nezinqumo zaso ezingu - 11 zafuna ukuba bonke abesifazane balinganise umphakathi nezombangazwe, kuhlanganise nesinqumo sabo esiphikisana kakhulu, ilungelo lokuvota.Lencwadi yaningilizisa izindlela eziningi abesifazane ababengavunyelwa ngazo amalungelo ayisisekelo futhi babecwaswa ngokomthetho.

Isidingo sakhe sokuba namalungelo abesifazane okuvota sabangela impikiswano emhlanganweni kodwa ngokushesha saba yisici esiyinhloko senhlangano yabesifazane. Abaningi ababekhona, kuhlanganise noLucretia Mott, ekuqaleni baphikisana nokuhlanganisa ukujezisa phakathi kwezimfuno, besaba ukuthi kungenza ukuba yonke inhlangano ibonakale inamandla kakhulu futhi ilulaze ukusekela ezinye izinguquko. Nokho, uStanton waphikelela, futhi ngokusekela kukaFrederick Douglas, owaya emhlanganweni futhi wakhuluma ngokuphamazela, kwadlula isinqumo.

Imiphumela Nefa LeziMpophoma ZaseSeneca

ISimemezelo somhlangano se-Sentiments saba "isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekusakazeni izindaba zomzabalazo wamalungelo abesifazane ezweni lonke ngo-1848 nakuyo yonke inkathi ezayo. Ukusakazwa kwabaningi, ngokushesha kwalandelwa eminye imihlangano yamalungelo abesifazane, kuhlanganise neRochester Women’s Convention eRochester, New York, emasontweni amabili kamuva.

ISimemezelo Sabesifazane esibizwa ngokuthi amaSeneca Falls Convention samisa i-senecan's Principles njengenhloso engokomthetho yezombangazwe futhi sakha uhlelo lwezenzo ezihleliwe. ISimemezelo Sabesifazane baseSentiments sasayinwa ngo-1848 ngabesifazane abangu 68 namadoda angu-32 (100 kwabangu-3 300 ababekhona emhlanganweni wamalungelo abesifazane wokuqala ukuba bahlelwe. Labasayino babemelela ukuzimisela komphakathi ekulweni amalungelo abesifazane ngesikhathi lapho ukubhalisa okunjalo kwakubhekwa njengokungamukeleki futhi kungamukeleki emphakathini.

I - Anthony-Sttanton internantship: I - Revolution Coltantiation

Umhlangano Oyingqopha - mlando

Ngo-1851, wahlangana noSusan B. Anthony futhi wakha ubuhlobo obuthatha amashumi eminyaka obabubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amalungelo abesifazane. Ekhoneni lomgwaqo eSeneca Falls ngo-1851, u-Amelia Blootmer waveza uSusan B. Anthonys ku-Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Lesisethulo, sasiza uBloomer, umsekeli wesiyaluyaluyalu, owayezolungisa isimo, sasiyoba omunye wemihlangano ephambili kakhulu emlandweni waseMelika.

Susan B. U-Anthony no-Elizabeth Cady Stanton bahlangana ngo-1851. Bahlala bengabangane futhi bebambisana nomzabalazo wamalungelo abesifazane eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu eyalandela. Ngo-1851, uSusan Susan B. Anthony noElizabeth Cady Stanton baqala ukubambisana okwaba omunye wemifelandawo esebenzayo emlandweni wase-U.S.

Amandla Namakhono Awusizo

Stanton wayengumsunguli wendaba, uAnthony umhleli wakhe. uAnthony wayenekhono lokuhlela, kuyilapho uStanton ayenekhono lokuhlela izindaba zokuhlakanipha nokubhala. Lokhu kuhlukanisa kwezisebenzi kwabonakala kuphumelela ngokuphawulekayo, kwenza owesifazane ngamunye anikele ngamandla akhe amakhulu kakhulu kulomzabalazo.

Stanton wayeyiphimbo eliphambili nesazi sefilosofi samalungelo abesifazane kanye nokunyakazisa lapho uAnthony eyindlu kahulumeni eyalawula amabutho abesifazane ababezama ukuwina ibhola lokuvota abesifazane baseMelika. Ukuhlakanipha kukaStanton njengomlobi nomcabango kwanikeza isisekelo sokuhlakanipha kulenhlangano, kuyilapho uAnthony ehlakaniphileyo wenhlangano namandla angakhathali aguqula imibono yaba yisenzo.

Kamuva uStanton wathi, “Ngokubhala senza umsebenzi ongcono ndawonye kunanoma yimuphi. Nakuba ehamba kancane futhi ekwazi ukuqamba, ngingumbhali ongcono, ungcono kakhulu. ” Lokhu kuqaphelana kwamakhono omunye nomunye kwadala ubuhlobo obusekelwe enhlonipho nasekuncintisaneni kunokuba kuncintisane.

Izindlela Zokusebenza Nemisebenzi Yakho Yomuntu Siqu

Ngenxa yokuthi uStanton wayehlala esekhaya nezingane ezingu - 7 ngesikhathi uAnthony engashadile futhi ekhululekile ukuhamba, uAnthony wasiza uStanton ngokuqondisa izingane zakhe lapho uStanton ebhala. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, lokhu kwavumela uStanton ukuba abhale izinkulumo ukuze anikeze u - Anthony.

Stanton, evalelwe ekhaya ngomama (wazala umntwana wakhe wesikhombisa nowokugcina ngo-1859), washukunyiswa yiziphakamiso zika-Anthony ezicabangelayo zemibono yakhe. U-Anthony waba inxusa eliphambili lazo zonke izigijimi zabo. Akazange avumele uStanton ukuba angabi namsebenzi, njalo emphoqelela ukuba abhale enye inkulumo, enye evelele.

U-Anthony wakhetha ukubekezelela uStanton ngezindlela eziningi phakathi neminyaka yabo yokusebenza ndawonye, engazange amukele isikhundla kunoma iyiphi inhlangano engabeka yena phezulu e Stanton. Lokhu kuthatheka kwabonisa inhlonipho ejulile ka-Anthony ngomholi wengqondo kaStanton nokuqonda kwakhe ukuthi ubuhlobo babo basebenza kangcono kakhulu uma owesifazane ngamunye ethatha indima yakhe engokwemvelo phakathi kwalenhlangano.

Imizamo Emikhulu Nemisebenzi Yokuhlela

Imizamo Yakuqala Evelele

Bamisa ndawonye i-State Demence Society yaseNew York Women’s State Society ngemva kokuba u-Anthony evinjelwe ukuba akhulume emhlanganweni ohluzekile ngoba wayengowesifazane. Lesi senzakalo, lapho uAnthony athuliswa khona ngenxa nje yobulili bakhe, sabonisa isidingo sokuba abesifazane bazenzele izinhlangano zabo siqu lapho bengahola khona futhi bakhulume ngokukhululekile.

Ikhungathekiswe izithiyo ezavela phakathi nomsebenzi wabo wokuqala ."Umholi wabo weNhlangano yeSizwe saseWoman's Deferance ngo-1854 .Nkantolo yabesifazane babo yaqala umkhankaso wamalungelo okwandisa i-Promswood of Women’s Last yaseNew York ka-1848. Njengoba kwakuzoba yisiko, uAnthony, owayengashadisiwe futhi engenazimfuno zomkhaya, ehlela futhi eqhuba umkhankaso. Wahamba esifunda isifundazwe, ekhuluma phakathi kwama-542. Stanton wenza ukucwaninga okungokomthetho, wasakaza izincwadi uAnthony, futhi wabhala izinkulumo zabo bobabili.

Ukuthatha Isinyathelo Ngempi Yombango

Phakathi neMpi Yombango yaseMelika, basungula iNhlangano Yesizwe yabesifazane ethembekile ukuze ilwele ukuqedwa kobugqila, futhi bahola emkhankasweni wesicelo esikhulu kakhulu emlandweni wase-U.S. kuze kube yilesosikhathi. Phakathi neMpi Yombango basungula iSivumelwano seSizwe Sabesifazane Esithembekile, esaqhuba impoqo yesicelo esikhulu kakhulu emlandweni wase-United States kuze kube ngalesosikhathi, siqoqa izigqebhene ezicishe zibe ngu-40 000 ekusekeleni ukuqedwa kobugqila.

Lomkhankaso omkhulu wesicelo wabonisa amandla ezombangazwe abesifazane ngisho nangaphambi kokuba bavote. Ngokuqoqa amakhulu ezinkulungwane zemibhalo ezibiza iSichibiyelo seshumi nantathu sokuqeda ubugqila, uAnthony noStanton babonisa ukuthi abesifazane bangathonya isimiso sombuso ngobuProfethi obuhleliwe. Impumelelo yalomkhankaso futhi yanikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okuwusizo ekuhleleni isilinganiso esikhulu esasiyozuzisa inhlangano kamuva.

Iphephandaba Lenguquko

Baqala ukunyathelisa iphephandaba lamalungelo abesifazane ngo-1868 elibizwa ngokuthi iNguquko. Lencwadi yamasonto onke, enesiqubulo esiqinile esithi "Amadoda, amalungelo awo kanye nesithiwa; abesifazane, amalungelo abo kanye nemfundo engekho ngaphandle," yanikeza indawo ephambili yokuthuthukisa izimpikiswano zamalungelo abesifazane nokubika ngemisebenzi yenhlangano. Iphephandaba lakhuluma ngezindaba eziningi ezihlanganisa amalungelo ezisebenzi, iholo elilinganayo, inguquko yomthetho, nemfundo yabesifazane, ngaphezu kokuncishiswa kwemizwa.

Stanton wasebenza njengomhleli, ebhala izingosi ezinamandla ezazibekela inselele ukucabanga okuvamile ngezindima namakhono abesifazane. UAnthony walawula uhlangothi lwebhizinisi, ukwakha izikhokhelo nokuphatha ukuhanjiswa. Nakuba leliphephandaba lazama ngokwezimali futhi layeka ukunyatheliswa ngo-1870, lafeza indima ebalulekile ekusakazeni amalungelo abesifazane futhi ladala umuzwa womphakathi phakathi kwabashisekeli ezweni lonke.

Ukuthola Inhlangano Yesizwe Yabesifazane Abathungathayo

Ngemva konyaka, basungula iNational Woman Suffnge Association njengengxenye yokwehlukana kwenhlangano yabesifazane. Ngo-1869, umzabalazo wabesifazane wahlukanisa amasu nezinto eziza kuqala. Ngemva komhlangano, iStanton, uAnthony nabanye bakha iNational Woman Suffnge Association futhi bagxila ekulungiseni i-social stuffragement.

Ukwehlukana kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko ngaphezu kweSichibiyelo seshumi nanhlanu, esanikeza amadoda aseMelika aseAfrika amalungelo okuvota kodwa hhayi abesifazane. Nakuba amanye amabhalisa, eholwa uLucy Stone noHenry Blackwell, asekela ukuqedwa naphezu kokukhishwa kwawo abesifazane futhi akha iNhlangano yaseMelika Yomfazi iSanders ukuze iphishekele imikhankaso kazwelo-mbuso, uAnthony noStanton baphikisa ukuqedwa kokukhishwa kwabesifazane futhi badala i-NWA ukuze ilandele ukuncishiswa komthetho kahulumeni wabesifazane.

I-NWSA yathatha indlela enzima kakhulu yokubheka amalungelo abesifazane, ingabhekisi nje kuphela ekuwachayeni kodwa futhi nasekulungiseni umthetho womshado, amalungelo ezisebenzi, nezinye izindaba ezithinta isimo sabesifazane. Inhlangano yahlala ngaphansi kobuholi bukaStanton noAnthony iminyaka engamashumi amabili, inikeza imoto ukuze babone ukuthi abesifazane balingana ngokulingana.

Susan B. Ukuboshwa nokuqulwa kwecala kuka-Anthony: Ukukhohliswa

Isenzo Sesibindi Sokujabula

Emzamweni wokucela inselele, uAnthony nodadewabo abathathu bavota kukhetho lukaMongameli ka-1872. NgoNovember 5, 1872, u-Anthony wangena emotweni eRochester, eNew York, eyayiyindawo yokuvota futhi wafuna ukubhaliswa. Ngemva kokwenqaba ekuqaleni, abahloli bokuvota badelela uAnthony nabanye abesifazane abayishumi nanhlanu ukuba babhalise. Ngo-Ecomment Day, u-Anthony waphonsa i-Ulysses S. Grant.

Isenzo sika - Anthony sasiwuvivinyo lwangamabomu ukuthi iSichibiyelo seshumi nane, esanikeza bonke abantu abazalwa noma abadalwe e-United States amalungelo ezakhamuzi, sahlanganisa nelungelo lokuvota. Waphikisa ngokuthi njengesakhamuzi, wayenawo wonke amalungelo esizwe, kuhlanganise ne-suffilem. Le mfundiso engokomthetho, eyaziwa ngokuthi "New Restature," yaveza umzamo wokuzuza amalungelo okuvota ngencazelo yomthetho kunokuchaza kabusha.

Ukuboshwa Nokuqhubeka Okungokomthetho

Waboshwa eRochester, ekhaya laseNew York futhi waquliswa icala e-Ontario County Courthouse, eCanangua, eNew York. Emasontweni amabili ngemva kokuvota, ummeli wase-U.S. wafika ekhaya lika - Anthony ezombopha ngenxa yecala lokuvota elingekho emthethweni. Wamangalelwa yijaji elikhulu futhi wabekwa ngebheyili, futhi wenqaba ukukhokha ngokuvumelana nezimiso, nakuba ummeli wakhe ekugcineni wafaka isigwebo sakhe ngokumelene nezifiso zakhe.

Ijaji layala abahluleli ukuba bamthole enecala ngaphandle kwanoma yikuphi ukuqulwa, futhi lathi makakhokhe imali ewu - R1,5. Icala, elaqulwa ngoJune 1873, laliwubuqaba bobulungisa. Umahluleli uWard Hunt, umahluleli weNkantolo Ephakeme osanda kumiswa, wayebhale isinqumo sakhe ngaphambi kokuba icala liqale. Wenqaba ukuvumela uAnthony ukuba afakazele yena ngokwakhe futhi wayala abahluleli ukuba babuyisele isinqumo esinecala ngaphandle kokucabanga.

Ukuvukela Nomphumela

Lapho u - Anthony enqaba ukukhokha imali ekhokhwa ngama - dollar angu - R160 nemali ekhokhwa enkantolo, ijaji alizange limkhiphele ejele, okwaqeda ithuba lakhe lokudlulisa icala. Ukudluliswa kwamacala kwakuyovumela ukuba umzabalazo wabesifazane uthathele impikiswano amalungelo okuvota eNkantolo Ephakeme, kodwa kwakungenjalo.

Ngaphambi kokuba agwebe, uMahluleli uHunt wabuza uAnthony ukuthi wayenalutho yini angalusho, wakhuluma esola izenzakalo futhi washo ukuthi akasoze akhokhe imali elingana nemali eshisiwe engalungile.

Nakuba icebo elingokomthetho lahluleka, ukuboshwa kuka-Anthony nokuqulwa kwecala kwabangela ukusakazwa okukhulu kwesizathu sokuqulwa kwecala. Wayekhulume izinkulumo eziningi ngecala ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala, futhi namacala ngokwawo akhanga ukunaka kwesizwe. Isenzakalo sabonisa kokubili ukungabi nabulungisa kokuphika abesifazane ukuvota kanye nesibindi sababhali bezincwadi abazimisele ukwephula imithetho engalungile ukuze baqhube izinhloso zabo.

Iminikelo Eyivela Kuwo Nombhalo Ongokomlando

Umlando Wabesifazane Uhlasela

Kusukela ngo - 1881 kuya ku-1885, u-Anthony wahlangana no-Elizabeth Cady Stanton noMatilda Joslyn Gage lapho ebhala i - History of Woman Saffge. Lo msebenzi omkhulu kakhulu, ekugcineni ohlanganisa imiqulu eyisithupha nezinkulungwane zamakhasi, wafakazela ukuthi abesifazane baqala ukuthatha amalungelo abo kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Imiqulu emithathu yokuqala, eyanyatheliswa ngawo - 1880, yahlanganisa inkathi kusukela ngo - 1848 kuya ku-1885 futhi ngokuyinhloko yayiyincwadi kaStanton, u-Anthony noGage.

Indaba yeZinqumo zaMadoda yafeza izinjongo eziningi. Yalondoloza umbhalo wekhodi wenhlangano, kuhlanganise nezinkulumo, izincwadi, izihloko zamaphephandaba, nezenzakalo zomhlangano ezazingase zilahleke. Yabuye yahlela indlela inhlangano eyayingakhunjulwa ngayo, iStanton noAnthony bemisa ngayo kanye nenhlangano yabo phakathi nendawo yokulandisa. Nakuba lendlela iye yagxekwa izazi zezesayensi ezithile zokubeka imingcele ephansi kwezinye izishisekeli nezinhlangano, umsebenzi ulokhu ungumthombo obalulekile wokuqonda inhlangano.

Lo msebenzi wadinga iminyaka eminingi yokuzikhandla, njengoba u-Anthony nabasizi bakhe babeqoqa izincwadi, bexoxa, futhi bebhala ukulandisa okulandisayo kwentuthuko yalenhlangano. U-Anthony waxhasa izindleko eziningi zezincwadi, ebonisa isibopho sakhe sokuqinisekisa ukuthi umlando wenhlangano uzolondolozwa izizukulwane ezizayo.

Izinkulumo, Ama - Esh, Nenkulumo Yeningi

Kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabo, bobabili uStanton noAnthony babengabalobi abaphambili nezikhulumi. Stanton wabhala izinkulumo, izitatimende, nezihloko eziningi zamaphephandaba namaphepha amaphepha. Ukubhala kwakhe kwakungabhekisi nje kuphela ekugxekeni kodwa futhi nasekulungiseni imishado, umthetho wesehlukaniso, imfundo yabesifazane, amalungelo emisebenzi, nokugxekwa kwezenkolo. Ukuzimisela kwakhe ukusingatha izindaba eziphikiswayo ngezinye izikhathi kwabangela ukungezwani phakathi kwenhlangano kodwa futhi kwafaka imingcele yenkulumo eyamukelekayo ngokuphathelene namalungelo abesifazane.

U - Anthony, nakuba ayengenakho ukukhululeka kakhulu ekubhaleni njengoStanton, waba omunye wabakhulumeli basobala abaphumelela kakhulu benkathi yakhe. Wanikeza izinkulumo eziyizinkulungwane emsebenzini wakhe omude, ehamba njalo ukuze asakaze isigijimi esiwukwesasa. indlela yakhe yokukhuluma yayiqondile futhi iyiqiniso kunokuba iveze imbali, futhi wayenekhono eliphawulekayo lokuxhumana nezilaleli ezihlukahlukene futhi esabela ngokuphumelelayo emibuzweni ephikisayo nasekudumazeni.

Zizonke, izincwadi zazo zakha isisekelo esibanzi samalungelo abesifazane. Zaveza izimpikiswano zokulingana okusekelwe emalungelweni emvelo, ezimisweni zentando yeningi, ezomnotho, nasebuthweni lezenhlalo. Imibhalo yazo ayithonyanga abantu abaphila ngesikhathi sabo kuphela kodwa futhi nezizukulwane ezalandela zamalungelo nabalandeli benguquko.

Ukuhola Kwenhlangano Nokwakha Inhlangano

Umhlanganisi Nenhlangano Yesizwe Yabesifazane BaseMelika

Ngo-1890, i-National Woman Suffnge Association yahlangana neNhlangano yaseMelika i-Woman Suffile, eyayilwela ukufakwa kwezwe ngokwesifundazwe (phakathi kwezinye izingxabano). Ngemva kwamashumi amabili eminyaka ehlukana, izinhlangano ezimbili ezinkulu zahlangana ukuze zakhe iNhlangano ye-National American Woman Suffnge (NAWSA). Lokhu kwaveza ukuqaphela ukuthi lenhlangano iyakuba ngcono uma ihlangene.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the first president of the new group, the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), but Anthony was effectively its leader. Anthony became NAWSA president in 1892. Under Anthony's leadership, NAWSA became the primary vehicle for suffrage activism in the United States, coordinating campaigns across the country and maintaining pressure on both state legislatures and Congress.

Ukujaha Isizukulwane Esilandelayo

Carrie Chapman Catt wathatha indawo ka-Anthony njengomongameli wenhlangano lapho ethatha umhlala-phansi ngo-1900. U-Anthony waqaphela ukubaluleka kokuthuthukisa ukuhola okusha ukuze aqhubeke nomsebenzi ngemva kokudlula kwesizukulwane sokusungula. Wafundisa abashisekeli abasebasha kuhlanganise noCatt, u-Anna Howard Shaw, no-Harriot Stanton Blatch (indodakazi ka-Elizabeth Cady Stanton), eqinisekisa ukuqhubekela phambili kobuholi necebo.

Lokhu kutshala imali esizukulwaneni esilandelayo kwabonakala kubaluleke kakhulu empumelelweni yokugcina yalenhlangano. UCatt, owakhonza njengomongameli weNAWSA phakathi nokuncedwa kokugcina kweSichibiyelo seshumi elinesithoba, wasebenzisa amasu ayinkimbinkimbi ezombangazwe nezindlela zokuhlela ezakhelwe esisekelweni esabekwa nguAnthony noStanton. Ikhono lenhlangano lokuzivumelanisa nokuziguqula kuyilapho igcina umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko lalikwekwenziwa kakhulu entuthukweni yokuhola uAnthony eyayibeka phambili eminyakeni yakhe yamuva.

Ukuxhumana Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

Susan B. U-Anthony wasebenzela nezinye izimbangela, kuhlanganise nokudlala indima eyinhloko ekusungulweni koMkhandlu Wabesifazane wezizwe zonke nokusiza ekuhleleni i-Congress of Desideration Women eChicago ka-1893 World’s Fair. U-Anthony waqonda ukuthi amalungelo abesifazane ayewumzabalazo wembulunga yonke futhi asebenzela ukwakha ukuhlobana phakathi kwama-mithenwa nabalandeli baseMelika kwamanye amazwe.

I-International Council of Women, eyasungulwa ngo-1888, yahlanganisa izinhlangano zabesifazane ezivela emhlabeni wonke ukuze zihlanganyele amasu nokusekela imizamo yomunye nomunye. U-Anthony waya eYurophu izikhathi eziningi ukuze abe khona ezingqungqutheleni zezizwe zonke futhi akhe ubuhlobo nabashisekeli bakwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kuxhumana komhlaba kwasiza amaMelika ukuba afunde ngokuphumelela nangokwehluleka kwamanye amazwe futhi kwanikela emzamweni okhulayo wembulunga yonke wamalungelo abesifazane.

Izinselele, Izingxabano Nokulinganiselwa

Impikiswano Yesichibiyelo Seshumi Nanhlanu

Enye yezigigaba eziphikisana kakhulu kuAnthony noStanton yahlanganisa ukuphikisa kwabo iSichibiyelo seshumi nanhlanu, esasenqabela ukunqabela ukuvota okusekelwe ezinhlangani kodwa esingahlanganisi ubulili njengeqembu elivikelekile. Bobabili laba besifazane baphikisa ngokuthi akulungile ukubopha amadoda aseAfrika aseMelika kuyilapho beqhubeka bephika ukuvota bonke abesifazane, kuhlanganise nabesifazane baseAfrika.

Lapho enza kanjalo, uStanton wayesebenzisa ngokukhethekile ubuciko bokukhuluma bobuhlanga nobuhlanya, ephikisa ngokuthi abesifazane abamhlophe abafundile babefanelwe ukuvota kunalabo ababeyizigqila ezingafundile. Lempikiswano yalimaza ubuhlobo nababehlangene nabo ngaphambili, kuhlanganise noFrederick Douglas, futhi yadala izingxabano ezihlala njalo phakathi kwenhlangano yabesifazane yokunciphisana namalungelo abantu base-Afrika. Nakuba u-Anthony ayesebenzisa amagama afanayo ayengenasiciko kakhulu kunoStanton, wayesekela isikhundla esifanayo futhi enecala elihlangeneyo lomonakalo owabangelwa yiso.

Lempikiswano iqokomisa ukulinganiselwa kombono ka-Anthony noStanton wokulingana. Nakuba babelwela amalungelo abesifazane ngokungayeki, babengaziqapheli noma bazibeke phambili izinselele ezithile ezibhekene nabesifazane bemibala, abesifazane abasebenzayo, noma abesifazane abafudukayo. Umzabalazo wabo ngokuyinhloko wawuholwa futhi ugxile ezinkathazweni zabesifazane abamhlophe, besigaba esiphakathi, umngcele oqhubekela phambili emzabalazweni amashumi eminyaka.

Impikiswano Engokwenkolo NeBhayibheli Lowesifazane

Ngawo-1890, uStanton wathatha umsebenzi ophikisanayo owabangela ukushukuma okukhulu phakathi kwenhlangano. Wanyathelisa i-The Woman’s Bible , ikhonzo labesifazane lemibhalo yeBhayibheli elandisa abesifazane. Stanton waphikisa ngokuthi izimfundiso zenkolo zaziwumthombo oyinhloko wokucindezelwa kwabesifazane nokuthi iBhayibheli lalichazwe ngezindlela ezithethelela ukuphakama kwabesifazane.

Izincwadi eziningi ezibhaliwe, kuhlanganise nezinye zezisebenzi zikaStanton zesikhathi eside, zazesaba ukuthi lokhu kuhlaselwa kwenkolo kungasusa abasekeli abangase batholwe futhi kulimaze imbangela yokuzifaka. NAWSA ngokusemthethweni yazihlukanisa neBhayibheli laMadoda [, idlulisa izwi lesinqumo elisho ukuthi inhlangano ayihlangene nomsebenzi. Lokhu kusola komphakathi kaStanton ngenhlangano ayesize ukuba kubonise ukukhula kwenkolo ye-suffilen nesifiso sokwenza ukuba ibonakale njengenhlebo engangeni.

U-Anthony, nakuba engavumelani nesinqumo futhi wavikela ilungelo likaStanton lokuveza imibono yakhe, akazange ahlanganyele ekushisekeleni kukaStanton impikiswano engokwenkolo. Lokhu kwamelela okunye kokungavumelani okumbalwa okubalulekile phakathi kwalaba besifazane ababili futhi kwabonisa indlela ubudlelwane babo obungavumelana ngayo nombono ohlukile nezinto eziza kuqala.

Impikiswano Ewusizo Nezindlela Ezingafani

Kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabo, uAnthony noStanton babhekana nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo mayelana namasu namasu. Ingabe lenhlangano kufanele igxile kuphela ekuchaseni noma ekukhulumeni ngezindaba zamalungelo abesifazane ezibanzi? Ingabe kufanele baphishekele ukusungulwa komthetho-mthetho kahulumeni noma bagxile emikhankasweni kahulumeni enyakathonyeni? Ingabe kufanele bavumelane nezinye izinhlangano zenguquko noma balondoloze ukuzibusa? Kufanele kube kukhulu kangakanani ukuqamba kwabo nezimfuno?

Lezizimpikiswano zabonisa ukungaqiniseki kwangempela mayelana nendlela ephumelela kakhulu eya phambili. U-Anthony wathanda ukuthatha indlela eqondiswe kakhulu, wagxilisa ingcebo yenhlangano embuzweni owenziwe ngecala. UStanton waba nombono obanzi, ekholelwa ukuthi ukuzithoba kwabesifazane kwakusekelwe ezinhlanganweni eziningi (esakhiweni sezezomnotho, ezenhlalo, nezenkolo) futhi konke okudingeka kubekelwe inselele ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukungezwani phakathi kwalezindlela kwaqhubeka kuwo wonke umlando wenhlangano. Ekugcineni, umkhankaso ophumelelayo weSichibiyelo seshumi elinesishiyagalolunye wawuzosebenzisa izici zazo zombili amasu: ukulondoloza ukugxila ngokucacile ekuvoti kuyilapho futhi kubheka izindaba ezihlobene nezomnotho nezenhlalo zabesifazane.

Iminyaka Yokugcina Nokudlula Kwetorch

U-Elizabeth Cady Stanton Wamuva

Eminyakeni yakhe yamuva, uStanton waqhubeka ebhala futhi ekhuluma ngamalungelo abesifazane, nakuba aqala ukungazihlanganisi emsebenzini wokuhlela wenhlangano usuku nosuku. Wanyathelisa i-autobiography yakhe, Iminyaka eqinile kanye noMnumlo , ngo-1898, enikeza ukulandisa komuntu siqu ngokuphila kwakhe kanye nokuthuthuka kwenhlangano yamalungelo abesifazane. Lencwadi yanikeza ukuqonda entuthukweni yakhe, ubuhlobo bakhe noAnthony, kanye nokucaciswa kwakhe ngentuthuko nezinselele zenhlangano.

Stanton wahlala ekhuthele ngokwengqondo kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, eqhubeka ebhala izindatshana nezincwadi ngamalungelo nangezinye izimbangela. Ukuzimisela kwakhe ukusingatha izindaba eziphikisanayo akuzange kunciphe, ngisho nalapho kudala izinkinga zenhlangano yokuzingela. Walondoloza ukuqiniseka kwakhe ukuthi ukulingana kwabesifazane kwakudinga izinguquko eziyisisekelo ezimweni zezenhlalo, izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo, kanye nezikhungo zezinhlangano, hhayi nje izinguquko ezingokomthetho.

U-Elizabeth Cady Stanton wafa ngo-October 26, 1902, eneminyaka engu-86. Akazange aphile ukuze abone ukuhlanekezelwa kweSichibiyelo seshumi elinesishiyagalolunye, kodwa wayebeke isisekelo solwazi nesenhlangano esenza ukuba ihambe ekugcineni. Ukufa kwakhe kwadalelwa izincwadi zokubhala ezweni lonke, ezaziqaphela ukuthi balahlekelwe omunye wabaholi benhlangano abahlakaniphile nabanombono abaningi.

Susan B. Umkhankaso Wokugcina ka-Anthony

Wayehamba ezungeza izwe elikhuthaza amalungelo namalungelo abesifazane ababoshiwe unyaka ngamunye kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe. Wafa ngo-1906, iminyaka eyishumi nane ngaphambi kokuba abesifazane abaningi banikwe ilungelo lokuvota ngokudlula kweSichibiyelo sekhulu le-19. Ngisho naseminyakeni yakhe engu-8, uAnthony walondoloza isimiso esinzima sokuhamba nokukhuluma ngokuthembisana, ezimisele ukuqhubekisela phambili igalelo lokucasuka ngokusemandleni akhe ngaphambi kokuba afe.

Wahlala ekhuthele kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe. U-Anthony wabonakala okokugcina emkhosini wakhe wezinsuku zokuzalwa ezingu-86 eWashington, D.C., ngo-February 1906, lapho kwakubuthene khona izibhalisa ezivela kulo lonke izwe ukuze zimdumise. Enkulumweni yakhe yokugcina, wakhuthaza isizukulwane esincane ukuba siqhubeke nokulwa, ethi "I-Failre ayinakwenzeka"""amagama ayoba isikhalo esikhuthazayo senhlangano.

USusan B. Anthony wafa ngoMarch 13, 1906, ekhaya lakhe eRochester, eNew York. NjengoStanton, akazange aphile ukuze abone ukufezwa komgomo ayenikezele kuwo ukuphila kwakhe. Nokho, wafa azi ukuthi lenhlangano yayinamandla, ihlelwe kahle, futhi iholwa abashisekeli abasebasha abanekhono ababezoqhubeka nomsebenzi. Umngcwabo wakhe wadonsa izinkulungwane zabalilayo, nezintela ezazithelwe kuwo wonke umhlaba, zimqaphela njengomunye wabashisekeli benguquko ababalulekile emlandweni waseMelika.

Indlela Eya Esichibiyelweni Seshumi Nesishiyagalolunye

Ukwakha Esisekelweni

Ngemva kokufa kuka-Anthony, inhlangano ehambayo yaqhubeka yakha phezu kwesisekelo yena noStanton ababesisungulile. Izakhiwo zenhlangano ababezisungulile, izimpikiswano ababezichazile, kanye nezinhlanganisela ababezakhele zonke zabonakala zibalulekile ekuqhudelwa phambili kokugcina kwevoti. Abaholi abanjengoCarrie Chapman Catt noAlice Paul basebenzisa amasu ahlukene . . Catt bagxila emikhankankasweni yombuso nasemzabalazweni wezombangazwe, uPaul wahlela ukulwa nokuthatha iNdluyango emhlophe futhi wakha isisekelo sezizukulwane zangaphambili.

Lenhlangano yanda kakhulu ngawo-1910 njengoba imibuso eminingi yanikeza abesifazane umbono wovoti nomphakathi kancane kancane. Ukuhlanganyela kwabesifazane emzamweni wempi phakathi neMpi Yezwe I kwaqinisa izimpikiswano zokuthi abesifazane babefanelwe amalungelo agcwele ezakhamuzi. Umongameli uWoodrow Wilson, ekuqaleni wayemelene nokuncishiswa kwabesifazane, ekugcineni wasekela ukusekelwa okungokomthetho-mthetho, kunikeza ukusekela okubalulekile kwezombangazwe.

Ukucwiywa Nokunqoba

ISichibiyelo seshumi elinesishiyagalolunye sadluliselwa yiSiphendulo se-Congress ngoJune 1919 futhi sathunyelwa ezifundazweni ukuze kuqedwe ukuhlawuliswa. Umkhankaso wokuhlanganisa wadinga ukuhlelwa okukhulu ezifundazweni kulo lonke izwe, njengoba izimemezelo zasebenza ukukholisa izishayamthetho zikahulumeni ukuba zivume ukunqatshelwa kwempi. Lempi yehlela eTennessee, eyaba isifunda sesithathu sokuthatha i-raimenty ngoAugust 18, 1920, inikeza iningi elinezingxenye ezintathu ezazidingeka ukuze kube yingxenye yoMthetho-sisekelo.

NgoAugust 26, 1920, iSichibiyelo seshumi elinesithoba sagunyazwa ngokomthetho njengengxenye yoMthetho-sisekelo. Ilungelo lokuvota lezakhamuzi zase-United States ngeke liphucwe noma livinjelwe yi-United States noma yinoma imuphi uMbuso ngenxa yobulili"""") lamelela isiphetho samashumi ayisikhombisa eminyaka esenzo sobuPristim, umhlatshelo, nokuphikelela.

Ifa Nokubaluleka Komlando

Ukuguqula Intando Yeningi YaseMelika

ISichibiyelo seshumi elinesishiyagalolunye saguqula idemokrasi yaseMelika ngokuphindwe kabili isimiso esingase sikhethwe futhi simiswe sokuthi amalungelo ezakhamuzi akufanele ancike ebulilini. Nakuba ukulungisa kungazixazululi ngokushesha zonke izinkinga zokuhlanganyela kwabesifazane kwezombangazwe, / besifazane abaningi abamibala baqhubeka bebhekene nemingcele yokuvota ngentela yokuvota, ukuhlola ukubhalisa, nokwesabisa, kwaveza isinyathelo esibalulekile ekulinganani kwentando yeningi.

Ukunqoba kwabonisa futhi amandla ezenzo zobungane eziqhubekayo zomphakathi. Umzabalazo wabesifazane wabonisa ukuthi ukuhleleka okuqinile, ukucabanga okuhleliwe, nokuzimela kokulwa kunganqoba ukuphikiswa okugxilile futhi kufinyelele ushintsho oluyisisekelo lomthetho-sisekelo. Lesi sifundo sasiyokhuthaza izinhlangano ezilandelayo zamalungelo omphakathi, kuhlanganise nomzabalazo waseMelika wamalungelo abantu wama-1950 nawo 1960 kanye nomzabalazo wamalungelo abesifazane wesibili wabango-1970.

Ukwazisa U - Anthony NoStanton

Itshe lika-Tanton ligujwa, kanye noLucretia Mott noSusan B.A. Anthony, esithombeni esiqoshiwe se-mchamor se-Adelaide Johnson e-United States. Sabekwa iminyaka eminingi esikhonjweni sesakhiwo secapitol, ngo-1997 sasuswa saya endaweni evelele kakhulu e-Capitol Rollanda. Lesithombe, esibonisa abaholi abathathu benhlangano ye-suffile Johnson, sisebenza njengesikhumbuzo esihlala njalo seminikelo yabo eMelika.

Izinkumbulo eziningi, izingosi zomlando, nezikhungo zokudumisa uAnthony noStanton ifa lakhe. I-National Susan B. Anthony Museum ne House eRochester, eNew York, zilondoloza umuzi ka-Anthony futhi zixoxela indaba yokuphila kwakhe nomsebenzi wakhe. IZikhungo zabesifazane zeNational Historical Park eSeneca Falls zihlanganisa indawo yomhlangano ka-1848 futhi zichaza umlando wamalungelo abesifazane. Lezi zindawo zikhanga izinkulungwane zezivakashi unyaka ngamunye, ziqinisekisa ukuthi izizukulwane ezintsha zifunda ngokulwela abesifazane.

Ukuvuselelwa Kwezazi Nokubuyiselwa Kwazo

Izazi - mlando zanamuhla ziye zanikeza incazelo ecacile yeminikelo ka-Anthony noStanton, ziqaphela kokubili ukuphumelela kwabo nokulinganiselwa kwabo. Izazi ziye zaqokomisa indlela ukugxila kwazo ezinkathazweni zabesifazane abamhlophe, abaphakathi ngezinye izikhathi okululaza ngayo okuhlangenwe nakho nezinto eziza kuqala zabesifazane abanombala, abesifazane abasebenzayo, nabesifazane abavela kwamanye amazwe. Ukukhuluma kobuhlanga uStanton ayesebenza futhi uAnthony ebekezelelwa kuye kwagxekwa ngokufanelekile njengokuhluleka okukhulu kokuziphatha okulimaza inqubo futhi kwaso sadalela izimiso zayo ezithiwe zokulingana.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izazi - mlando ziyavuma ukuthi u - Anthony noStanton babhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu kanye nesibindi esidingekayo ukuze babeke izinselele ezijulile zokungalingani kwabesifazane. Badala abantu abaqaphile benhlangano, basungula izinkulumo ezithonyayo, futhi babonisa ukuhola okwathuthukisa izimbangela zamalungelo abesifazane ngezindlela eziyisisekelo. Ubudlelwane babo babonisa indlela ukubambisana okusekelwe emandleni avumelanayo okungafinyelela ngayo ngaphezu komzamo womuntu ngamunye.

Abalweli bamalungelo abesifazane bayaqhubeka belwisana nefa eliyinkimbinkimbi lenhlangano elawulayo. Ukuphumelela kwenhlangano ekulondolozeni amalungelo okuvota kwakungokoqobo futhi kubalulekile, kodwa umsebenzi wokufinyelela ukulingana kwangempela awuphelele. Impikiswano zamalungelo okuzalana, ubulungisa bezomnotho, ukumelelwa kwezombangazwe, nokukhululeka ebudloveni ziyaqhubeka zifuna ukulwa nokulwa. Kulokhu kulwa okuqhubekayo, isibonelo sokunikezela kuka-Anthony noStanton, ukucabanga okufanelekile, nokuzimisela ukubekela inselele ukwahlulela okungenabulungisa inselele kuyaqhubeka kufanelekile futhi kukhuthaza.

Izifundo Zokuthatha Inqubo Yesikhathi Esizayo

Amandla Obuhlobo

Ubudlelwane be-Anthony-Sttanton bubonisa amandla okubambisana ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi. Ikhono labo lokuqaphela nokusebenzisa amandla omunye nomunye, ukusekelana phakathi kwezithiyo nezimpikiswano, nokugcina ubuhlobo babo amashumi amahlanu eminyaka kuyisibonelo salabo abashisekela ukuzimisela kwamanje. Izinhlangano eziphumelelayo zidinga amakhono ahlukahlukene . . .ikhono lokubona okuhle, ukuxhumana komphakathi, ukuqoqa imali, isakhiwo esihlangene esihlanganisa abantu abanezici ezingafani zingaba ngcono kakhulu kunabaholi abasebenza bodwa.

Ukuphikelela Okufanelekile

Impumelelo yenhlangano ye-suffileng yayidinga ukucabanga okuhleliwe kuhlangene nomzamo ophikelelayo phakathi namashumi amaningi eminyaka. UAnthony noStanton baqonda ukuthi ukufinyelela ushintsho oluyisisekelo lwezenhlalo akwenzeki ngokushesha noma kalula. Basungula izindlela eziningi .(izinselele zezemithetho, ukukhuthaza ukumiswa kwemithetho, imfundo yomphakathi, izimpande zotshani ezihlelayo − futhi basebenzisa amaqhinga abo njengoba izimo zishintsha. Baqaphela futhi ukubaluleka kokwakha okungasekela lenhlangano ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi umholi ekuphileni komuntu.

Lenhlanganisela yokuvumelana nezimiso kanye nokuzibophezela okuphikelelayo inikeza izifundo ezibalulekile ezinhlanganweni zanamuhla. Ukufinyelela ushintsho oluphawulekayo lwezenhlalo kudinga kokubili izinqumo ezithatha isikhathi esifushane kanye nokubona okuthatha isikhathi eside. Kudinga ikhono lokufunda ngokwehluleka, ukujwayela izimo ezishintshayo, nokuzibophezela ngisho nalapho intuthuko ibonakala ihamba kancane noma ingaqinisekile.

Ukubaluleka Kokungahlali Nhlobo

Ukulinganiselwa kwendlela ka-Anthony noStanton yokuthatha indawo ye-(kakhulu kakhulu) ukwehluleka kwabo ukuchaza ngokwanele ukuthi uhlanga, isigaba nezinye izici zihlangana kanjani nobulili ukuze kubangele okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukene kokucindezelwa, [1] Ukukhuliswa kokubaluleka kwalokho izazi zamanje abakubiza ngokuthi ukuhlangana. Izinhlangano eziphumelelayo zobulungisa bezenhlalo kumelwe ziqaphele ukuthi abantu babhekana nobandlululo oluhlukahlukene, oluhluka-hlukene nalawomacebo okufinyelela ukulingana kumelwe babhekane nalobunkimbinkimbinkimbi.

Ukungezwani phakathi kwenhlangano yabesifazane yokuzibamba kanye nomzabalazo wamalungelo omphakathi aseAfrika, kanye nokubekwa kwemibala kwabesifazane phakathi kwenhlangano ecindezelayo, kubonisa izindleko zokwehluleka ukuthatha indlela yokuvula imigwaqo. Izinhlangano zeNkathi Yesikhathi Esidlule ziye zafunda kulokhu kwehluleka futhi ngokukhula ziqaphela isidingo sokugxilisa okuhlangenwe nakho nomholi walabo ababhekene nezindlela eziningi zokucindezela.

Isiphetho: Umphumela Ohlala Njalo

Susan B. U-Anthony no-Elizabeth Cady Stanton bafeza indima ebalulekile ekufezeni iSichibiyelo seshumi elinesishiyagalolunye nokuthuthukiswa kwamalungelo abesifazane eMelika. Ubudlelwane babo, obuhlanganisa amashumi amahlanu eminyaka, ubuhlakani obungokwenhlangano, bahlanganisa inqubo eyaguqula umphakathi waseMelika. Umbono nombhalo kaStanton wanikeza isisekelo sefilosofi sokulingana kwabesifazane, kuyilapho u-Anthony ezimisele futhi esekela izakhiwo zenhlangano ezazidinga ukuguqula imibono ibe yinto engokoqobo.

Iminikelo yabo yadlulela ngalé kokufezwa kwamalungelo okuvota. Babekela inselele izimpikiswano eziyisisekelo ngokuphathelene namakhono na izindima ezifanele zabesifazane, baveza izimpikiswano ezinamandla zokulingana okusekelwe emalungelweni emvelo nasezimisweni zentando yeningi, futhi babonisa ukuthi abesifazane bangaba abadlali abaphumelelayo bezombangazwe ngisho nangaphambi kokuba bavote. Badala izinhlangano, izincwadi, kanye nezinhlangano ezazisekela ukuqhubekela phambili phakathi namashumi eminyaka okuphikisa nezithiya. Bakhuthaza abashisekeli abasebasha ababezoqhubeka nomsebenzi ngemva kokufa kwabo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ifa labo linzima ngenxa yokwehluleka kwabo ukwamukela ngokugcwele umbono ophelele wokulingana. Ukuphikisa kwabo iSichibiyelo seshumi elinesihlanu, ukusebenzisa kwabo ngezikhathi ezithile ubuciko bobuhlanga nobuthakathi, nokugxila kwabo ekukhathazekeni kwabesifazane abamhlophe, abaphakathi, baveza ukulinganiselwa okungathi sína okwalimaza inhlangano futhi kwaphula izimiso zayo ezishiwo. Lokhu kwehluleka kusikhumbuza ukuthi ngisho nabasekeli bobulungisa abazinikele kakhulu bangathola izici ezifihlekile futhi ukulingana okuqotho kudinga ukuqapha njalo ngokumelene nesilingo sokubeka amalungelo abanye abantu esikhundleni sabanye.

Naphezu kwalokhu kulinganiselwa, uAnthony noStanton bayaqhubeka bekwazile ukufezeka. Basiza ekusunguleni inhlangano eyafinyelela enye yezindlela eziphawuleka kakhulu zokuthuthukisa amalungelo entando yeningi emlandweni waseMelika. ISichibiyelo seSikhathi, sagunyazwa eminyakeni eyishumi nane ngemva kokufa kuka - Anthony nangemva kweminyaka engu-18 kaStanton, samelela ukugcwaliseka kombono ababewuveze eSeneca Falls ngo-1848. Nakuba kungekho wesifazane owaphila ngokuphonsa i-bolotte engokomthetho, umsebenzi wabo wakwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ngezigidi zabesifazane baseMelika ukuba basebenzise ilungelo eliyisisekelo lokuba yizakhamuzi.

Namuhla, njengoba siqhubeka silwisana nemibuzo yokulingana, ubulungisa, namandla entando yeningi, isibonelo sikaSusan B. Anthony noElizabeth Cady Stanton sisabalulekile. Ukuzinikezela kwabo entweni enkulu kunabo, ukucabanga kwabo okuhleliwe kanye nekhono lokuhlela, ukuzimisela kwabo ukubekela izinhlangano ezinamandla nezinkolelo eziqinile inselele, kanye nokubambisana kwabo okusekelwe ekuhloniphenina nasekusebenziseni amandla avumelanayo konke kunikeza izifundo kubashisekeli besikhathi esikhona. Indaba yabo isikhumbuza ukuthi ushintsho oluyisisekelo lwezenhlalo lungenzeka, kodwa kudinga ukubona, ukuphikelela, nokuzimisela ukusebenza ndawonye emgomweni owodwa.

ISichibiyelo seshumi elinesithoba simelela umsebenzi wokuphila kwabo namandla ombuso ohleliwe wokuguqula umphakathi. Njengoba umzabalazo wokulingana kwangempela uqhubeka, isisekelo nesibonelo abasibekayo siyaqhubeka sishukumisa izizukulwane ezintsha ezisebenza ekwakheni izwe elinobulungisa nentando yeningi. Ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngenhlangano yabesifazane, vakashelani imicimbi yabesifazane [[FLT:] Amalungelo esizwe e-National Park[ noma kuhlolwa imithombo yezemisebenzi [[FLT:] noma qala ukusebenza [[FLT:] [i-St.1]