Impumelelo yokubalwa kwabantu kwesizwe ixhomeke kakhulu ekuthatheni ingxenye kwayo yonke imiphakathi. Abaholi bomphakathi banendima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni izakhamuzi ukuba zithathe ingxenye futhi ziqinisekise ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa okunembile. Ithonya labo lingavala amagebe okungathembani kanye nokungaqondi okuvame ukuvimbela imizamo yokubalwa kwabantu. Ngaphandle kwalamazwi athenjwayo, ngisho nemikhankaso kahulumeni ephambili elwela ukufinyelela abantu abangakholwa noma abangabodwa. Njengoba isisekelo sokumelelwa kwentando yeningi nempahla, ukubalwa kwabantu kudinga ukuzikhandla, izingqhinga ezihlala endaweni ezingaguqula ukubaluleka kwabo kube yizimo ezithinta imiphakathi ehlukahlukene.

Ukubaluleka Kwabaholi Bomphakathi Ukuba Nengxenye Ekubaleni

Abaholi bomphakathi basebenza njengenani elithenjwayo ezindaweni zabo. Baye basungula ubuhlobo obungashukumisela izakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele enqubweni yokubalwa kwabantu. Ukuvuma kwabo kungandisa kakhulu ukusabela, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini lapho kunezinyathelo zikahulumeni zokungathembani noma ukungaqiniseki. Ngokungafani nezinhlangano zikahulumeni ezikude, laba baholi bakhuluma ulimi olufanayo kanye nolungokomfanekiso, futhi basebenzisa abantu abakhonzayo. Baqonda amasiko endawo, izinto ezibakhathazayo, nezindawo zokuxhumana. Umfundisi, uthishanhloko wesikole, umongameli wesikole, noma umongameli wendawo, noma umnini webhizinisi wendawo ngokuvamile bangafinyelela izingxoxo ezingeni eliyinye ezivumelweni zenkonzo yomphakathi ezikhokhelwayo.

Ubalo aluyona indlela yokubala elingana neyodwa. Umphakathi ngamunye uletha umlando wawo wokuxhumana nohulumeni, ukwesaba kwawo siqu ngezindaba zokwaziswa, kanye nezimiso zawo siqu zezokuxhumana. Abaholi bomphakathi bangasebenzisa le mizwa ngoba behlala phakathi kwabo. Ukulandisa komakhelwane kusho ukuthi izwi labo linesisindo. Uma umholi womphakathi ephakama futhi ethi, “Ngigcwalisele ukubalwa kwabantu, futhi kuzuzise idolobha lethu,” ukuthi ubufakazi buyeqinisela kakhulu kunanoma isiphi isiqu esivamile.

Ukwakha Ukwethemba Nokunqoba Izithiyo

Izindawo eziningi zibhekene nesithiyo esinjengokungavumelani kolimi, ukungathembani ngokomlando, noma ukuntuleka kokwaziswa.

  • Ukwaziswa okufanelekile ngokwesiko. Imilayezo ebanzi yokubala abantu ngokuvamile ayizwakali ngoba abawunaki umongo wesiko. Abaholi bangavumelanisa ulimi, imifanekiso, kanye nokuthumela ukuze babonise izindinganiso namasiko omphakathi wabo, okwenza ukuba ukubabala kuzizwe njengokubonke kunokuba kube yize.
  • [ Imisebenzi yokuguqula ezilimini eziningi. Ngisho noma kukhona izinguqulo ezisemthethweni, zingaba semthethweni noma zinganembile. Abaholi bendawo bangasiza izinguqulo ezisebenzisa imixhantela ejwayelekile nezisho, ziqinisekisa ukuthi izikhulumi ezingabuni zesiNgisi ziyiqonda ngokugcwele imibuzo kanye nezivikelo eziyimfihlo endaweni yazo.
  • [ Izinhlelo zokwaziswa nezenzakalo zokufinyelela. Amahholo edolobha, imibuthano yesonto, kanye namathikithi avingco kuba yizindawo ezilondekile zokubuza imibuzo. Abaholi bangamema abameleli ukuba bakhulume, noma bona ngokwabo bangahamba nge-intanethi ngebanga lokungena nge-intanethi ngebanga ngalinye. Lezi zenzakalo futhi zinikeza amathuba okuxoxa ngamahemu namaphutha anembile ngesikhathi sangempela.
  • Ubufakazi bomuntu siqu ngokubaluleka kokubala abantu. Indaba evela kumakhelwane othembekile mayelana nendlela ukubalwa kwabantu okuholele ngayo ekuxhaseni imali emtholampilo noma intuthuko yesikole emisha ezindaweni zomphakathi. Ukulandisa komuntu kuveza inqubo futhi kubonise imiphumela engokoqobo.

Ngalé kwalamacebo, abaholi bomphakathi babuye baxazulule izithiyo ezinzulu. Ngokwesibonelo, emiphakathini enomlando wezimiso zokucwasa izindlu zocansi noma ukugcinwa kwabantu abafudukayo, izakhamuzi zingase zesabe ukuthi ukwaziswa kokubala abantu kungasetshenziselwa ukuwaxosha noma ukuhlasela imikhaya yazo. Abaholi bangachaza [ ilungiselelo eliqinisekile leSihlomo 13 se-U.S. Umthetho, owenqabela i-Cencase Bureaual ukuba ingakwazi ukusabelana nohlobo oluthile lwezinkonzo zikahulumeni. Bangahlanganyela futhi ubufakazi bokuthi inani laba bantu langaphambili alizange lisetshenziselwe ukugcinwa kwezokuthutha, isiza ukukhathazeka okusekelwe ekuhlupheni okungoko.

Izinyathelo Zokuhlanganyela Ngokuphumelelayo

Abaholi bangasebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene ukuze bathuthukise ukuhlanganyela. Lamacebo kumelwe avumelaniswe futhi asekelwe ezicini eziyingqayizivele zomphakathi abawukhonzayo:

  • Ukuhlanganisa nezinhlangano zendawo namaqembu okholo. Ukuhlanganisa ukunwetshwa kwemibuthano yezisebenzi. Izinhlangano zezikole, amasonto, amabhange okudla, nezikhungo zezempilo zingaguqula zonke izindawo zibe ithuba lokubala. Ngokwesibonelo, umthola-mpilo ungahlanganisa ukwaziswa okubhaliwe kanye nezindlela zokudla eziphethwe yisiguli, noma ukudla okungabonisa abandishi ngezilimi eziningi. Lezi zikhungo kakade ziyathenjwa, futhi ukuvuma kwazo kuveza ukubalwa kwabantu njengethuba eliyinhloko emphakathini.
  • Isebenzisa izinhlelo zezokuxhumana zomphakathi kanye nezinhlanganisela zomphakathi ukuze zisakaze ukuqaphela. Izinhlelo ezinjenge Facebook, i-WhatsApp, kanye ne-paneoter zivame ukuba nethonya kakhulu kunemikhankaso kahulumeni osemthethweni, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abasebasha nabahamba ngezinyawo. Abaholi bangahlanganyela amavidiyo amafushane, ulwazi olufingqiwe, kanye nokuxhumana nefomu yolwe-ingosini yolayini. Bangadala futhi amaqembu anikezelwe noma iziteshi lapho izakhamuzi zingabuza khona imibuzo ngokungaziwazi futhi zithole izimpendulo ezifike ngesikhathi.
  • Ukuhlela umnyango ukuya ngaphandle komnyango. ezindaweni ezinendlela ephansi yokuthola noma yokungathembani kakhulu, ukuxhumana nobuso nobuso kuhlala kuyinqubo ephumelela kakhulu. Abaholi bomphakathi bangahlela amaqembu adweba iziqu ezihlanganisa ubuso obujwayelekile `omakhelwane, abazali abakanye nabo, noma abasubathi bendawo [1] ukungqongqoza eminyango, imibuzo, futhi ngisho nokunikeza izibhebhe zokuqeda ifomu.
  • Izisusa ezivezayo noma ukuqashelwa kokuhlanganyela. Imivuzo emincane ebonakalayo, njengamakhadi okupha amabhizinisi endawo noma ukungena enqolobaneni eseduze, kungandisa ukuvuleka. Ukuqashelwa komphakathi, njenge “phawu lokuqeda inani” noma isici esivelele ephephandabeni lomphakathi, kudala ukucindezela okuhle kwezenhlalo futhi kusekele ukuhlanganyela.
  • Ifuna imithombo yezindaba yendawo. Amaphephandaba omphakathi, iziteshi zomsakazo, kanye neziteshi zeTV ngokuvamile zimethemba kakhulu izilaleli zabo. Abaholi bangabhala ama-op-ed, bavele ezinhlelweni zemiboniso yocingo, noma bacele ukuba izimemezelo zenkonzo yomphakathi yezezindiza zenziwe yizakhamuzi zendawo kunokuba zikhangise ngokwesiko.

Ithonya Labaholi Bomphakathi Empumelelweni Yenani

Uma abaholi bomphakathi bekhuthaza ngenkuthalo ukuthatha igalelo lokubala, imiphumela ivame ukusakazeka futhi iqonde kakhulu. Le mininingwane yazisa izinqubo zikahulumeni, izabelo zezimali, nezinkonzo zomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubalwa kwabantu kunquma ngokuqondile ukuthi kanjani [izigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi ezingu-$1,5 ezimalini ezixhaswa uhulumeni [ isakazwa unyaka ngamunye ezindaweni eziseminyango enjenge-Medicaid, SNAP, ekwakheni komgwaqo omkhulu, emigwaqweni yasemini yesikoleni, eState, nasezindaweni zezempilo zomphakathi. Umuntu ongabaliwedwa ongasho ukulahlekelwa izinkulungwane zamadollariyo ngonyaka ekuhwebeni umphakathi phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezalandela.

Imininingwane enembile yokubalwa kwabantu inquma futhi ukumelelwa kwezombangazwe. Inani lezihlalo isifunda ngasinye esiphethe eNdlu yabameleli base-U.S. nemingcele yezigodi zemithetho isekelwe ekubaleni abantu. Uma imiphakathi ingenandaba, ilahlekelwa amandla ezombangazwe, phela kokubili ezingeni lesizwe nasezindlini zombuso. Abaholi bomphakathi abagqugquzela ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokuqondile bavikela izwi lomphakathi ezinqumweni zikahulumeni eziphathelene nentela, indawo yokuhlala, imfundo, nemithetho yendawo.

Izibonelo Zobaholi Abaphumelelayo Abasemkhakheni

I-2020 Census yabona izibonelo eziningi zabaholi bomphakathi abazama ukuhlukanisa. EMississippi Delta, umfelandawonye wabefundisi baseMelika nabaholi bomphakathi basungula “umkhankaso wokholo nokwehla kwenani”. Bahlanganisa imiyalezo yokubalwa kwabantu ezintshumayelweni zangeSonto, bahlanganisa izenzakalo zokuqeda ngezimoto emasontweni, futhi baqeqeshelwa izisebenzi zokuzithandela ukusiza izakhamuzi esezikhulile ngefomu le-ingosi ye-inthanethi. Ngenxa yalokho, lendawo yabona ukwanda kwesilinganiso ngokwezinga lokuzifaka emdlalweni wokuziqulisa] ngokwazo, nakuzo kunezintshumayelo zangengowangowangowangowangonyaka ka-2010, naphezu kwemibhishobhishobhisi ehambayo nezinseleleni lokungena kwe-Internethi ye-intanethi yomphakathi we-intanethi.

ETexas, abaholi bezinhlangano zomphakathi ezisiza amaHispanic basebenzisa iziteshi zomsakazo zendawo ukuze bachaze ukuthi zikhuluma ziphi izilimi ezimbili. Badala futhi iqoqo lezisebenzi “izokuxhumana de salud” ezikhuluma ngokuqondile emikhayeni ngesivikelo somshoshaphansi. Lelisu lasiza ekutholeni izibalo ezikhushuliwe emadolobheni angokomlando eRio Grande Valley ngama-8% ezibalo zangaphambili.

Emiphakathini yezizwe lapho ukuthembela ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni kungancipha khona, abaholi boMdabu baseMelika bamisa amakomiti abo siqu okubala abantu. Bahlangana nabameleli bamaBureau ukuze baxoxe ngezivumelwano zokwaziswa eziqinisekisa ubukhosi besizwe ezazihlonishwa. Ngamadili omphakathi, amagundane, nezenzakalo ezisekelwe ezikoleni zesikole, laba baholi bafinyelela cishe ingqikithi ephelele emibangweni eminingana eyayingalinganiswanga kakhulu emashumini eminyaka angaphambili.

Ukunika Abaholi Bomphakathi Amandla Okufinyelela Inani Eliphakeme

Abaholi bomphakathi abanakuwufeza lo msebenzi wodwa, badinga izimali, ukuqeqesha, nenkokhelo ukuze balinganisele imizamo yabo. Abaholi abaningi abathwele izimpande basebenza ngokuzithandela ngesisekelo esilinganiselwe ngesikhathi nangezimali. Ohulumeni nezinhlangano ezingahwebi ngenzuzo bangabanika amandla nge-:

  • Isho imininingwane eveza ukuthi yiziphi izitebhu noma izindawo ezinezinga lokusabela eliphansi kakhulu. I-Bureau ikhulula i-Aggregate, izibalo ze-block-''''''''''' phakathi nesigaba sokubala, ivumela abaholi ukuba babambe izilinganiso ngokunembe.
  • Ukunikeza izintela ezincane noma intengo. Amakhulu ambalwa amadollar angakhokhela izindleko ze-injini yokunyathelisa, ukuqasha indawo, noma ukuqasha umhumushi. I-Census Bureauer’s [ Uhlelo lokubala i-Completel [ lunikeza isibonelo esisodwa sokuxhasa imizamo yendawo.
  • [[[NT:0] Ukuhlanganisa izinto ezilula, ezingasetshenziswa ngamathuluzi. Lokhu kufanele kuhlanganise izikhungo zomphakathi ezibhalwe ngaphambili, amaphuzu okuxoxa, izincwajana ezinyatheliswayo, neziyalezo zezehlakalo. I-Toolkits inciphisa umthwalo kubaholi abamatasa futhi iqinisekisa ukuthumelelana imiyalezo ngokungaguquguquki.
  • [ Ukunikeza ukusekela kobuchwepheshe ekuqedweni kwe-inthanethi. Abaholi abaningi bomphakathi abanakho okuhlangenwe namafomu amanani noma ukulondeka kokwaziswa. Ukubaqeqesha ngendlela yokusiza abanye ngetheku lokubala qha kanye nendlela yokuvikela imfihlo.]
  • Abaholi abaxhunyaniswe nezinhlanganisela zontanga. Ezweni lonke noma emabuthweni esizwe bavumela abaholi bomphakathi ukuba baphane imibono, bafunde ekuphumeleleni, futhi bagweme amaphutha aphindaphindwayo. Lezizinhlanganisela zinikeza futhi ukusekela nokwazisa ngokokuziphatha.

Ukukhuluma Nzima Nabantu Ababalelwa Kuyo

Amanye amaqembu kunzima kakhulu ukubala: abafuduki abangenamakhaya, abangenazo izincwadi, izisebenzi zonyaka, abantu abahlala emaphandleni, nalabo abangasazi kahle isiNgisi. Abaholi bomphakathi banezikhundla ezikhethekile zokufinyelela lemiphakathi ngoba kakade sebenezinkonzo noma banobuhlobo obungokwemvelo.

  • Kubantu abangenamakhaya: Abaholi abavela ezikhungweni nasemaqenjini okufunda bangahlanganisa ukuqeda ukubala abantu njengengxenye yokudla noma ukufinyela. Indlela ye-Census Bureaution “esekelwe ekuboneni ukuthi ikhona” ixhomeke ekuxhumaneni nezikhungo ukuze kuqalwe abantu abebengaphucwa.
  • Abafuduki abangabhaliwe: Abaholi abavela ezinhlanganweni zabafuduki abafuduki bangafaka izikhawu zokwaziswa okuyimfihlo ezichaza imithetho eqinile yangasese. Bangagcizelela ukuthi ukwaziswa kokubala abantu akunakusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kwabantu nokuthi iBureau ayiwabelani amarekhodi emali ne-ICE noma i-DHS.
  • Izisebenzi zonyaka: imiphakathi yezolimo ingahlanganisa nezindawo zokusebenza zasepulazini nabaphathi ukuba bamise iziteshi zokubala abantu phakathi nokubhalisa noma izikhathi zomholo. Abaholi bangasebenza futhi nama-mouse ezempilo ukuze bafinyelele izisebenzi ezikude.
  • Kubantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu: Leliqembu liyiqembu elingabalwa kakhulu ekubaleni abantu. Abaholi bezinhlelo zabantwana bakuqala, imithola-mpilo yezingane, nezikhungo zokunakekela abazalwayo ezisekelwe ekukhonzweni kokholo bangakhumbuza abazali ukuba bahlanganise zonke izingane, ngisho nezinsana, ebalweni lasekhaya.

Ukunqoba Izinselele Eziqondile

Ukungaphathi Kahle Ngokomlando

Kubantu abaningi baseMelika, amaMelika Omdabu, nabafuduki, ukubalwa kwabantu kubhekwa ngokubhekana nokusetshenziswa kabi komlando, njengokusetshenziswa kokwaziswa kokubala abantu baseJapane ukuze kuboniswe ukuthi amaJapane ayisisulu sokuthola isiqinisekiso phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, noma iTuskege Syphilis Study yokwengathembana. Abaholi boMphakathi kumelwe bawuvume ngokwethembeka lomlando kunokuba bawushaye indivale. Ngokwenza kanjalo, babonisa inhlonipho futhi bangabeka ukubalwa kwabantu njengethuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa amandla, hhayi ukulimala. Bangaqokomisa ukuthi i-Cencabeaurage Bureaunicare ithole isivikelo esiqinile kakhulu futhi ukuthi ukwaziswa kokubalwa kwabantu kwanamuhla kuye kwasekela ukugcinwa kokugcinwa kwamalungelo abantu, ukucwaninga kwezempilo, nemfundo yezemfundo yandile.

Izindaba Zomuntu Siqu Nezokuphepha

Ngisho naphakathi kwalabo abathemba uhulumeni, ukwesaba ukuphulwa kokwaziswa kuyakhula. Abaholi bomphakathi bangakuchaza lokhu ngokuchaza izivikelo zobuchwepheshe endaweni: ukusabela kokubala abantu kufihliwe, kugcinwe ezimisweni ezingekho olayini, futhi akuhlangani nanoma iyiphi enye i-athom. I-Census Bureaunity ifunwa ngumthetho ukuba iqashe izisebenzi ezidlula kuphela isizinda sikahulumeni sokuhlola nokujezisa noma isiphi isigqebhektho esingagunyaziwe ngeminyaka emihlanu ejele. Abaholi bangakhomba futhi ekuhloleni ukuphindwa ngaphandle kwezinhlangano ezifana ne- i-American Stanistical Association [ eqinisekisa izikhungo ze-omfologo ze-oaunications.

Ukuhlukanisa izibalo

Emiphakathini lapho i-Internet ephezulu noma i-computer iyi-scheme, ukusabela kokubalwa kwabantu kuyi-intanethi kungakhipha ingxenye enkulu yomphakathi. Abaholi bomphakathi bangamisa “i-censkiskis” emitatsheni yezincwadi, ezikhungweni eziphezulu, nasemahholo omphakathi. Bangasakaza futhi amaphephandaba abuzayo futhi basize ngokuwathumela. Ukunikeza ngempela kanye kanye kanye nokusekela [ [__11] .] [ekukhona [1]] eqedweni noma ngocingo.[_ukwenyuka amazinga okuphelela emakhaya agetyelwe kahle.]

Ukubaluleka Okude Kokubalwa Kwabantu

Ithonya lokubala okuphelele lidlulela ngalé komjikelezo wokubala. Ukwaziswa okuqondile kuqondisa izinqumo zebhizinisi: izitolo ezintsha zokudla, izibhedlela, nezindawo zokuhlala zakhiwa lapho ukwaziswa okuphathelene nobalo kubonisa khona ukwanda kwenani labantu. Izikole zihlela amakilasi amasha namabhasi asekelwe ekuhlolweni kwabantu. Izinkonzo zezezimo eziphuthumayo zinquma ukuthi ama-ambulense nezicisha - mlilo zifaka kuphi ukwaziswa okuvimbela ukubala. Abaholi bomphakathi abasekela ukubala bafaka imali ekuchumeni nasekuphepheni esikhathini esizayo emphakathini wabo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthatha isinyathelo sokubala abantu kungaqinisa isibopho somphakathi. Uma izakhamuzi zibona ukuthi amazwi azo anendaba, abaholi bendawo nezikhulu zikahulumeni basabela ekuxhaseni ngemali esetshenziswa abantu, “‘ basengozini yokuvota, yokuvota, nokusebenza ndawonye kwezinye izindaba zomphakathi. Ukubalwa kwabantu kuba yisici esibangela ukuba bahlanganyele kabanzi.

Ukulinganisa Impumelelo Yabaholi Bomphakathi

Ngemva kokubala abantu ngakunye, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuphumelela kwemizamo yomholi womphakathi. Isihluthulelo sihlanganisa izinga lokuzilinganisela komuntu ngokwakhe uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka edlule, ukwehla kwamanani abantu abathile, nokukhishwa kwenani lezakhamuzi. I-Census Bureaual ikhipha izimpendulo eziningi ephepheni lokubalwa kwabantu nasemazingeni eqembu, ivumela abaholi ukubona ukuthi ukuphumelela kwabo kwenza umehluko kuphi.

Isiphetho

Indima yabaholi bomphakathi ekuthuthukiseni ukuthenjelwa ekubaleni inani labantu ayinakushiwo ngokungaphezulu. Bayibhuloho elibalulekile phakathi kwemizamo kahulumeni namaqiniso aphilayo omakhelwane babo. Ngokuphula imingcele yolimi, ukwesaba, kanye nokudukiswa kwamagama okunganembile, baqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu uyabalwa. Umphumela uwukumelelwa okulungile, ukuxhaswa okungaguquguquki, futhi uqine ngokwengeziwe. Ukunika abaholi amandla ngemithombo, ukuqeqesha, nokusekela kwezinhlangano kungomunye wemithengela yemali engcono kakhulu kungenza ukunemba nokufaneleka kokubalwa kwabantu. Uma abaholi behola indlela, ukubala abantu bonke, ngempela kubalwa kwabantu bonke.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe, funda i-Census Count Committee Guide , hlola ukuhlaziya kwemibango yemali yenani labantu [[, bese ubukeza umbiko wokucwaninga kwenani labantu .