IUlster Unionist Party (UUUP) ibilokhu iyithonya eliyinhloko enkabeni yezombangazwe yaseNyakatho Ireland kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili leminyaka. Nakuba ukulandisa kweqembu ngokuvamile kugxila kubaholi balo besilisa nasemaphethelweni ayinhloko, iminikelo yabesifazane ibibaluleke ngokufanayo, nakuba ingokomlando ingabonakali kakhulu. Kusukela ezinsukwini zakudala zenhlangano yamanyunyana, abesifazane abahleliwe, babhikishwa, futhi bahlelwa ngendlela emile. Indima yabo iye yavela ezindlini zotshani ezisekela utshani ukuba ukhethe abamele abamele nabaholi abakhulu. Ukuqonda lomlando akuvezi nje kuphela ukuthuthuka kwangaphakathi kweUuP kodwa futhi nezindlela ezibanzi zokuhlangana kwabesifazane kwezombangazwe emphakathini ohlukene kakhulu.

Iminikelo Yakuqala Nenhlangano Yabesifazane Yokubambisana

Ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe i-Ireland enyakatho, abesifazane bafeza ingxenye ebalulekile emkhankasweni wokuhlanganisa ngokumelene noMthetho we Home. Ngo-1911, kwasungulwa iUlster Women’s Unionist Council (UUUC), inikeza ilungiselelo elingokomthetho labesifazane ukuba baxhumane nemizamo yabo. I-UUUCC ehlelile imibuthano yemibuthano, iphakamisa izimali, futhi yasakaza izincwadi eziphikisayo. Ngesilinganiso sayo esiphakeme, yabiza amalungu angaphezu kuka-115 000, iyenza ibe ngenye yezinhlangano ezinkulu kakhulu zezombangazwe zabesifazane eUnited Kingdom ngalesosikhathi. Abaholi bayo, njengeNkosazana yaseLondonderry neNkosazana Craigrange, basebenzisa ithonya labo lokuhlalisa abesifazane abamelene nesigaba seqembu.

Laba besifazane bokuqala ababezinyunyana babengamane nje babonakalise umkhankaso wamadoda; basungula amasu abo siqu. Babehamba ngamagumbi etiye, befaka izitolo zokuqoqa izimpahla, futhi ngisho nenze amasiteshi amakhulu okuthunga ukuze benze amabhande neyunifomu ezisebenzi zokuzithandela zabesilisa. Umsebenzi wabo wawuyisivikelo esicacile sezombangazwe, uhlonzelwe ukuvikela ubuProthestani. Nakuba kuseUP, abesifazane babekhishwa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izinqumo. Iqembu alizange livumele abesifazane ukuba bamelane nokhetho ku-Orange - Order, okuthonyele kakhulu kwezombangazwe, futhi amalungu eqembu labesifazane ayengenakho okuqondile okungakho ukuzikhethela.

UMkhandlu Wabesifazane Abasekela Ubunye WaseUlster Ngemva Kokwehlukana

Ngemva kokwahlulwa kwe-Ireland nokumiswa kwe-Northern Ireland ngo-1921, i-UUUC yaqhubeka isebenza njengesisizi sabesifazane se-UP. Yasekela leliqembu kuzo zonke izinqumo futhi yalondoloza i-nethiwekhi eqinile yezenhlalo. Abesifazane bahlela “itiye le-untist,” ukuyongena ezindlini, nezenzakalo zemfundo. Imizamo yabo yayibalulekile ekulondolozeni i-curedio nevoti ezindaweni zasemaphandleni. Nokho, i-UWUCC yahlala ingaphansi kweqembu elikhulu. Yayingenakho ukumelela ekomitini yesikhulu seUUUucip kwaze kwaba semuva kuka-1940, futhi ngisho nangemva kwalokho, kwakunezenzakalo ezimbalwa kuphela ezikhundlani ezazinethonya labesifazane.

Ngo-1920 nango-1930 kwahlukana abesifazane abambalwa abakhethelwa ukuba babe yizikhundla zikahulumeni wendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, uMary McKeever waba umphathi wesifunda sasedolobheni eBlymena ngo1952, kuyilapho u-Eleanor Sroule wakhonza e-Armagh Board of Guardians. Laba besifazane ngokuvamile babengamakhosikazi noma amadodakazi amadoda avelele abambelele ezinyunyana, umkhuba owaphikelela amashumi amaningi eminyaka. Ukuba khona kwabo kwabekezelelwa ngoba kwakugcizelela izindinganiso ezingokwesiko zomkhaya, kodwa babengavamile ukubhekwa njengabadlali bezezombangazwe abazimele.

Izinguquko Zangemva Kwempi Nentuthuko Engasheshi Yabesifazane

IMpi Yezwe Yesibili yashintsha indima yobulili kulo lonke i-United Kingdom, futhi i-Northern Ireland yayingehlukile. Abesifazane bathatha imisebenzi eyayigcinelwe amadoda ngaphambili futhi bazuza ulwazi lokuhola ezinhlanganweni zempi. Phakathi ne-UUP, abesifazane baqala ukufuna indima enkulu ekusungulweni kwemithetho. Ngo-1944, ekugcineni leli qembu lavumela abesifazane ukuba babe amalungu agcwele ezinhlanganoni zokuvota namalungelo alingana namadoda. Lokhu kwakuyisinyathelo esibalulekile, nakuba kwathatha enye iminyaka emibili ukuba inkosikazi ikhethelwe eNyakatho ye-UPlamendry yase-Ireland njengommeleli we-UUP.

UJoan Kirkpatrick wayengomunye wabesifazane bokuqala ukumelela i-UUP okhethweni lwephalamende. Wancintisana nesihlalo seSidubulo saseNingizimu Antrim ngo-1965 kodwa akazange aphumelele. Nokho, umkhankaso wakhe waphulwa ngokubonisa ukuthi owesifazane angaba umthengisi othembekile enkundleni yezombangazwe yabesilisa. Phakathi nawo - 1960, izindima zabesifazane phakathi kweqembu zanwetshwa ukuba zihlanganise umsebenzi ongokomthetho wekomiti nokuhlanganyela ezimpikiswaneni zezemfundo, impilo, nezinkonzo zezenhlalo.

Izinkinga Nesenzo Sabesifazane

Ukugqashuka kweZinkathazo ngasekupheleni konyaka ka-1960 kwabangela izinselele ezintsha namathuba abesifazane abaxhunyiwe. Njengoba ubudlova bakhula, abesifazane abaningi basuka emsebenzini wezesiko ukuze bagxile ekwakheni ukuthula komphakathi. Abanye bajoyina amaqembu axhumeneyo anjenge Women Tone, kuyilapho abanye bahlala e-UUP ukuze basekele ukusabela okunzima. Iqembu ngokwalo lalwa ukuxazulula izingxabano, futhi abesifazane babevame ukuzithola benoxhawula phakathi komphakathi namaqembu aqinile.

Phakathi nawo 1970 nawo - 1980, ama-UUUP ayenabesifazane abambalwa kakhulu ababesesikhundleni esikhethelwe. Owayevelele kakhulu kwakungu-Olive Morgan, owayesebenza njengomsizi eMhlanganweni wesikhashana wango-1937. Omunye kwakunguMary McLeese, owayeyilungu le-UUP emsebenzini wakhe wangaphambili ngaphambi kokuba ashiye ukungezwani kwemithetho. UMcleese kamuva wakhonza njengoMongameli wase-Ireland, indima ayigcizelela kuyo ukubuyisana. Iqembu lakhe lokuqala libonisa ukuthi i-UUP lakhanga abesifazane abathile kamuva abathola isikhundla esiphakeme kwenye indawo.

Naphezu kokungameleki kahle ephalamende, abesifazane babekhuthele emahhovisi okuxhumana, amapheshana okufaka amapeni, amabhange ocingo, nokunikeza ukusekela okungokomzwelo emabhange eqembu phakathi nezikhathi eziyingozi. iUP’s Women’s Conference, eyaqala ngo- 1974, yaba isenzakalo saminyaka yonke esavumela abesifazane ukuba baxhumane futhi bathuthukise amakhono ezombangazwe. Yaveza nezinqumo zemithetho ngobudlova basekhaya, ukukhathalela izingane, kanye neholo elilinganayo, ngokuvamile elalifakwa isikhulu esiphethe abesilisa.

Abesifazane Abaholayo Nabenganikezwa Inkonzo

Inqubo yokuthula yango-1990 yavulela abesifazane basenyakatho ye-Ireland indawo entsha yezombangazwe. I-UUP, ngaphansi kobuholi bukaDavid Trimble, yaqala ukuthatha indlela ebanzi yokuhlanganisa. Ngo-1996, leliqembu lakhetha owesifazane walo wokuqala eNdlu yeCommons: uSylvia Hermon. Wawina i-North Dow Constantivement ngokukhetha ngemva kokuthatha umhlala-mhlala-phantsi. IHermoni yasheshe yaba iphimbo elihloniphekile ezimpini zomthetho nobulungisa. Waphinde wakhethwa izikhathi eziningi futhi wakhonza njenge-Uupus’s MP eWestminstern iminyaka eminingana. Ukuvelela kwakhe kwaletha ukunakekela okusha kwabesifazane phakathi kweqembu.

EMhlanganweni wase-Northern Ireland, owamiswa ngo-1998, i-UUP ekuqaleni yayinamalungu ambalwa abesifazane. Nokho, abesifazane bathatha izihlalo kancane kancane. Amalungu oMhlangano we-UUP ahlanganisa uJo-Anne Dobson, owayemele i-Up Bann kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2017, noRosemary Barton, owayemelela uFermanagh no-South Tyrone kusukela ngo-2016 kuya ku-20222. Bobabili abesifazane basekela izindaba zasemaphandleni, imali yempilo, nemfundo. UDobson, ngokukhethekile, wayenolwazi oluphathelene nomdlavuza, esebenzisa okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe siqu ukuze ashintshe inqubo.

Izinselele Endaweni Engcolile Yabesilisa

Abesifazane base-Uup baye babhekana ngokungaguquki nezithiyo abasebenza nabo abangazenzanga. Ukusondelana kwaleliqembu ne-Orange Order, inhlangano yabesilisa kuphela kwaze kwaba ngo-2012, kwadala indawo engokwesiko lapho abesifazane babevame ukubhekwa njengabasizi kunabaholi. Abesifazane abahlolwayo babikwa bebuzwa ngemithwalo yabo yemfanelo yasekhaya phakathi nezingxoxo zokukhetha, kuyilapho amadoda ayengekho. Leliqembu futhi lalwa nokuntula izimiso zokusekela zangaphakathi, njengezinhlelo zobufundisi noma izikhathi zokuhlangana nabesifazane ngemisebenzi yokunakekela izingane.

Naphezu kwalezi zithiyo, abesifazane base-UUP baye basungula iziteshi zabo namasu akhuthaza abesifazane abasebasha ukuba bangene kwezombangazwe futhi baye basiza ekuthuthukiseni isimo sabesifazane abathatha izicelo zenkomfa kuhulumeni wendawo.

Abesifazane Abadumile Emlandweni Onzima

  • Sylvia Hermon – - Ifekthiselwe eNyakatho Mpumalanga kusukela ngo-1996 kuya ku-2019. Wayengummeleli oqinile wokubusa umthetho noshintsho lwamaphoyisa, futhi ukuzimela kwakhe ekucabangeni ngezinye izikhathi kwakumenza angezwani nomholi weqembu.
  • [[NTL:0] Jo-Anne Dobson – MLA ye-Upper Bann (2017). Wayengumkhulumeli wempilo ka-UUP nomemezeli wephimbo wenkonzo yomdlavuza othuthukisiwe.
  • Ramosary Barton – MLA ye-Fermanagh ne-South Tyrone (206-2022). Wagxila enkambisweni yezolimo, i-parbon yasemaphandleni ebanzi, kanye nokubambisana kwemingcele enqamule.
  • Mary McAleese -Nakuba aziwa kangcono njengoMongameli wase-Ireland, McAleese wayeyilungu le-UUP ngo-1970. Umsebenzi wakhe ubonisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ezithathwa abesifazane abahlanganisayo.
  • [[FLT: 0] ULady Craig - USteen weNkulumbuso uJames Craig, wayeyisakhamuzi esiphambili e-UUC. Wasebenzisa isikhundla sakhe somphakathi ekuhleleni ukuqoqa nokuphoqelela izikhulu zikahulumeni ezimpikiswaneni zabesifazane.
  • [ UMary Peters -Ngaphandle kokuba ingesona isazi sezombangazwe, imendlela yegolide ye-Olympic yayingumsekeli we-UP futhi wakhonza njengenxusa leqembu, esebenzisa udumo lwakhe ukuthuthukisa izimbangela zobungane nomsebenzi wokusiza.

Indima Yanamuhla Noshintsho Lwezinqubo

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-UUP iye yenza imizamo ecacile yokwandisa ukumelelwa kwabesifazane. Umthetho-sisekelo weqembu manje uhlanganisa ukulinganisela kwesikhundla sobulili kubaphathi bayo nasezindaweni zokukhetha abacela ukubhapathizwa. Kusukela ngo-2024, abesifazane babamba amaphesenti angaba ngu-30 ezikhundla ezikhethiwe zeqembu emikhandlwini yendawo nase-UP. Lokhu kungaphansi kwe-parity kodwa kumelela intuthuko enkulu ku-1990. I-UUP abameleliji bangabameleli abanjengoKate Evans (I-Centway no-Glens), uJune-Anne Corr (unival), noDiane Dodds (owayekhonza njenge-MEP ye-DUP ye-DUP kodwa ngaphambili esaba ebusheni le-UPP.) bayaqhubeka ukuphakamisa iprofayili yabesifazane kwe-UP.

Leliqembu futhi liye lamukela imithetho ethinta ukulingana kwabesifazane ngokuqondile. Lakha “isikhwama sokuthuthukisa abesifazane” ukuze lisize abesifazane ukuba bakhokhe izindleko zomkhankaso, futhi manje linikeza ukuqeqeshwa kokucwasa amakomiti okukhetha ngokunganaki. Lezi zinyathelo ngokwengxenye zaziyimpendulo ekugxekweni kwangaphandle kwamaqembu abesifazane futhi ngokwengxenye zaziqaphela ukuthi leliqembu lidinga ukukhanga abasebasha. Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ka-UP manje inengxenye enikezelwe kwabesifazane kuleliqembu, iqokomisa ukuphumelela nokukhuthaza kwabo amalungu amasha.

Izinselele Namathuba

Naphezu kwentuthuko, abesifazane base-UUP basabhekana nezinselele ezingapheli. Isimo sezombangazwe eNyakatho Ireland sisalokhu siwohloka, futhi abesifazane abakhuluma ngengozi yokuxhashazwa nge - Internet nokwesatshiswa. Ukulinganisela ukuphila komphakathi nemithwalo yemfanelo yomkhaya kuhlala kunzima, ikakhulukazi eqenjini elingenawo amazinga aphakeme okuxhasa izisebenzi noma ukusekela izingane. Abesilisa nabesifazane abavamile abakwazi ukushintsha, futhi amanye amalungu eqembu abheka izindima zabesifazane njengeziphambili.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amathuba ayakhula. Izindlela zokuhlanganisana njenge-Northern Ireland Women’s Coalition, nakuba zingahlangene ngqo ne-UUP, ziye zabonisa ukuthi abesifazane bangasebenza ndawonye ekuhlukaneni. I-UP iye yabambisana nezinhlangano zabesifazane zokuthola izinkampani zobuholi nokukhuluma emphakathini. Abesifazane abasha abahlangeneyo babonakala kakhulu kwezomphakathi wezenhlalo, besebenzisa amapulatifomu ukuveza imibono yabo futhi bakhe izingxube zabo zezombangazwe. Ukususwa kwemithetho ye-Orange Orlence yabesilisa kuye kwasiza futhi kwenza ukuba kube lula ngabesifazane ukuba bahlanganyele nomphakathi wenhlangano ebanzi ngaphandle kokubhekanakwa.

Isiphetho

Indima yabesifazane emlandweni we-Ulster Unionist Party iyindaba yokuzimela ngokuthula nentuthuko kancane kancane. Kusukela emsebenzini omkhulu wokuhlela we-UUUC ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kuya kumsebenzi wephalamende weSylvia Hermon noJo-Anne Dobson, abesifazane baye baphikelela belwela indawo yokwenza izinqumo zeqembu. Iminikelo yabo iye yaguqula izimiso ze-UP empilweni, imfundo, nentuthuko yomphakathi, njengoba ngokuvamile besebenza ethunzini lephalamende. Iqembu namuhla liyavuma ukuthi ikusasa lalo lixhomeke ekukhangeni nasekusekeleni isiphiwo sobulili obuphelele. Nakuba uhambo oluya enkathini yokulingana kwesigaba sobulili kusuka kude kakhulu, izisekelo zenyuko ezibekwa izizukulwane zenyunyana zabesifazane eziqhubekayo. UUPUPco inikeza iqophelo eliqinile ukuze ikhule.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe, bheka umlando ongokomthetho we-Ulster Women’s Union Union Council e- Storish Story, ukuhlaziywa kwabesifazane kwezombangazwe zase-Irish zasenyakatho ye-BBC [[FLT:] amaphephandaba [FLT:] [FLT]] e-Institutive yase-Ireland, i-Queen’s University Belfast[, kanye nesithombe samanje sabesifazane abafuna ukuhlolelwa .BBB .