Indima Ebucayi Yezehlulelo Zezomthetho Ezizuzisa Umphakathi

Izinhlelo zomphakathi njenge-Medicaid, i-Someral Nutrition Application Program (SNAP), i-Social Security Disability Inshuwation (SSI), kanye nomshuwalense wokungatholi misebenzi ziyizinto ezisindisa izigidi zabantu baseMelika. Uma inxusa likahulumeni liphika, linciphisa, noma liqeda izinzuzo, umuntu othintekayo ngokuvamile uzizwa engenamandla. Kodwa imithetho kahulumeni nohulumeni iqinisekisa inqubo yokulawula. Lenqubo ye-Piasi-judia isebenza njengenqubo eyinhloko yokuxazulula izimpikiswano phakathi kwabathengi namalungu, iqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo zenziwe ngokufanelekile, ngokukhanyayo, nangokuvumelana nomthetho.

Izindlebe zomphathi aziyona nje inqubo engokwesiko. Zimelela isivikelo esiyisisekelo samalungelo enqubo afanele, isimiso esisekelwe ezinzibeni zesihlanu nezeshumi nane. Kubantu abaningi abaphansi noma abasengozini, ukuzwa kuwukuphela kwento engokoqobo yokuncintisana nesinqumo esizuzisayo esingasizi ngaphandle kokuthola izindleko nezingalo ezigcwele. Ukuqonda indlela lezi zindlebe ezisebenza ngayo, izisekelo zazo ezingokomthetho, kanye nethonya lazo langempela lezwe libalulekile kunoma ubani osebenzelana nezimiso zomphakathi — u-hayle njengomphathi wezentengo, ummeli, noma umenzi wezimiso.

Iyini Indlebe Elawulwayo?

Ukuqulwa kwecala kuyinto engokomthetho eyenziwa ngumenzi wesinqumo ongakhethi, ngokuvamile umahluleli womthetho ophethe (ALJ) noma isikhulu sokulalela esiqashwe yinxusa noma indikimba ehlukile esebenzela i-ascimiciation. Ngokungafani nenkantolo ezimele, ukuqulwa kwamacala kuyingxenye ye-authoration ’ izimpikiswano zangaphakathi zilawulwa yi-Administrative Proceduture Act (A) esezingeni likahulumeni noma ezihambelanayo lenqubo yokuphatha kwezwe.

Phakathi necala, kokubili ummeli wale nhlangano banelungelo lokunikeza ubufakazi, ukubiza ofakazi, ukuphikisa kwe-astamine, nokukhipha izimpikiswano zomthetho. I-ALJ ikhipha isinqumo esibhaliwe esisekelwe embhalweni ogciniwe nomthetho osebenzayo. Leso sinqumo sibopha inxusa ngaphandle kokuba sinxuse indikimba ephethe kakhulu noma inkantolo.

Umehluko Oyinhloko Enkantolo

Icala eliphethe ngokuvamile alikho ngokomthetho kunecala lenkantolo. Imithetho yobufakazi iyaphucuka, futhi umthwalo wobufakazi ungashintsha kuye ngohlobo lwenzuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, emacala e-Medicaid, i-arhente ivame ukuthwala umthwalo ukuze ithethelele isenzo sayo. Ezicaleni zokuphika, ummangaleli kumelwe abonise ukuthi uyazethemba. Ukulalela futhi kushesha kakhulu i-— izimo eziningi zidinga isinqumo phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-90 zesicelo sokuzwa i-— futhi azibizi kakhulu, njengoba abakhonzi bevame ukuziveza noma ukusebenzisa usizo olungokomthetho olukhululekile.

Izinhlobo Zezinzuzo Ziyahlanganiswa

Izindlebe zezisebenzi zisebenza ezinzuzweni eziningi zomphakathi, kuhlanganise nalezo ezingezona kuphela:

  • [[I-Medicaid:0] ne-Chirsquo Uhlelo lwe-Heal Health Munishuwalense (CHIP) – ukuzwa kokuphika, ukunciphisa, noma ukuqeda ukuhlanganisa.
  • [ Supplial Intrition Information Program (SNAP) – izinselele zokuzuza izilinganiso, izinqumo eziqinile, nezijeziso zokungahlangani.
  • [ Usizo olubalulekile lweMakhaya e-Airy Families (TTANF) – izingxabano ngosizo lwemali nezimfuneko zomsebenzi.
  • Sacial Security Inficurement (SSDI) ne-Etherneral Security Infit Insfection (SSSI) – ukuzwa phambi kweHofisi ye-Teages Opens Ins arelacts izisholo eziphiwe.
  • [[UMshuwalense:0] Umshwalense wokungasebenzi – izikhalo zokukhokha okuzuzisayo noma ukukhokha kakhulu.
  • [[I-VT:0] Izinzuzo – ukuzwa phambi kwebhodi le-Vertans ’ Izikhalo.
  • Ukuphakamisa Isimiso Sokukhetha Voucher (Uhlelo 8) – ukunqanyulwa noma ukunqatshwa kosizo lokuqasha.

Inqubo Yesinqumo Esixazululiwe: Hamba Ngenkani

Ukuqonda i-dever-sign kanye nezinyathelo ze-procedrost kusiza abashoyo ukuba basebenzise isimiso ngendlela ephumelelayo. Nakuba imininingwane ihluka ngokwezisekelo, uhlelo oluvamile luvumelana ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni nombuso.

Isinyathelo Sokuqala: Phawula Isinyathelo Sokuhlukumeza

Le nqubo iqala lapho inkampani enikeza isaziso esibhaliwe esitshela umkhankasi ngokuphika, ukuncishiswa, ukukhishwa kwezinzuzo. Izimiso ze-Federal zidinga ukuba lesi saziso sihlanganise isizathu sesenzo, umthetho othile noma isimiso esikhonjiwe, kanye nolwazi ngelungelo lokucela ukuqulwa. Ngokwesibonelo, iziqondiso ze-SNAP eziku 7 CFR &sult; 273.13 zigunyaza ukuba izimpawu ziqukethe zonke lezizici futhi zithunyelwe okungenani izinsuku eziyishumi ngaphambi kokuba lesinyathelo sisebenze.

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Ukucela Ukuzwa

Abamangalelwa kumelwe bafake isicelo sokulalela phakathi nesikhathi esicacisiwe se-frame ̬ ngokuvamile izinsuku eziyishumi kuya kwezingu-30 kusukela osukwini lwesaziso. Ezinhlelweni eziningi, bacela ukulalelwa ngaphambi kosuku oluphumelelayo lwesenzo esiyingozi i-active “aid ekhokhelwayo i-list ” noma i-“ inzuzo eqhubekayo, i-” i-Authority kumelwe ilondoloze izinzuzo kuze kukhutshwe isinqumo sokuzwa. Lesivikelo sigxeka abathengi abangakwazi ukuzifaka engozini yokusekela okudingekile. Isibonelo, ngaphansi kwe-Mdicaid, uma icela ukulalelwa ngaphambi kosuku lokuphetha oluhlongoziwe, izinzuzo ziyaqhubeka kuze kube isinqumo sokulalela (42=CRSCRACS; 431.230).

Isinyathelo 3: Ukulungiselela Ukuzwa Kusengaphambili

Uma sekuhlelwe ukuba kucaciwe, zombili izinhlangothi ziqoqa ubufakazi bese zilungisa izimpikiswano. Ummangalelwa kufanele ahlole i-audion ’ ifayela, athole amarekhodi angokwezezimali noma amanani ofakazi. Izifundazwe eziningi zinikeza izingqungquthela ezihlolwayo ngaphambi kokuba kucaciswe izindaba kanye nokukhuthaza izindawo zokuhlala. Abashoyo bangacela futhi umhumushi noma indawo yokuhlala ngaphansi koMthetho wokukhubazeka wamaMelika.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukuzizwa Kwakho

Icala liqulwa yi-ALJ ezimele izisebenzi ze-acclement ezenza isinqumo sokuqala. Ukuqulwa kwecala kungaqhutshelwa ngokomuntu, ngocingo, noma ngengqungquthela yamavidiyo. I-ALJ ivula i-arclation, ichaza izimpikiswano, futhi ivumela uhlangothi ngalunye ukuba lunikeze izinkulumo zokuvula, ubufakazi, nobufakazi. Ummangaleli unelungelo lokubuza noma imuphi ofakazi abanikezwa yi-accom. I-ALJ ingabuza imibuzo ecacisa imibuzo futhi ingabufakaza ubufakazi obungadingekile.

Isinyathelo Sesihlanu: Isinqumo

Ngemva kokuqulwa kwecala, i-ALJ ibhala isinqumo esihlanganisa okutholakele, iziphetho zomthetho, nomthetho oqondile (umzk., ukusekela ukuphika, ukunikeza izinzuzo, noma ukuhlelwa). Isinqumo sibopha i-account ngaphandle kokuba isikhalo salowo ocelayo. Ezimisweni eziningi, isinqumo sigcina ngaphandle kokuba sidluliselwe equlwini eliphezulu noma enkantolo kazwelonke. Ngokwesibonelo, u-SNAP izinqumo zokulalela ziwukugcina ngaphansi kwe 7 CFR &kactisken; 273.15(1).

Isinyathelo 6: Izinketho zokukhanga

Uma ummangaleli ehluleka ukuqulwa, angase abe namalungelo adluliswayo. Izinhlelo zeFederal zivumela ukudluliswa kwezicelo ebhodini yezicelo noma ngokuqondile enkantolo yesifundazwe. Izinhlelo zikahulumeni zinganikeza ukubukeza ezinkantolo zikahulumeni. Nokho, umlando wokuqulwa kwecala ngokuvamile uwukuphela kwesisekelo sokubukezwa kokwahlulela, okwenza kube balulekile ukunikeza bonke ubufakazi nezimpikiswano esiteji esigabeni sokuqulwa kwecala.

Ukuqulwa Kwamacala Okulawulwa Okungokomthetho Okungokomthetho

Ilungelo lokuqulwa kwecala lokuphatha alilona imvume kodwa liyimvume engokomthetho nengokomthetho. INkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S. ku-[FLT] v.Kelly (1970) yakholelwa ukuthi abamukelwa bezenhlalakahle banelungelo lokuzwa ngokucacile ngaphambi kokuba izinzuzo ziphele, isungula ukuthi izinzuzo zomphakathi ziyisimo sempahla esivikelwe yi-ARR Procession Clausle. Lesinqumo sophawu sabumba isivikelo se-procedtura esikhona namuhla.

Kulelozinga likahulumeni, uMthetho woMnyango weProcedure (APA) umisa izindinganiso ezivamile ze-memorive, kuhlanganise nezimfuneko zabenzi besinqumo abangakhethi, isaziso, nelungelo lokunikeza ubufakazi. Isimiso ngasinye sezimiso zikahulumeni sinezinqubo zaso zokuzwa. Ngokwesibonelo, iziqondiso zeHHS (42 CFR Ingxenye 431) zibusa uMdicaid translatects, kuyilapho iziqondiso ze-USDA (7 CFRR Ingxenye 273) zimboza izime ze-SN.

Imithetho kahulumeni ibonakalisa lezisivikelo, ngokuvamile ngemininingwane eyengeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, California’ uMnyango Wezempilo weNkonzo yokunakekela unikeza isiqondiso esibanzi sokucela nokulungiselela ukuzwa kahle kweMedi-Cal. Ngokufanayo, i-Sacial Security Administration[[ ikhipha iziqondiso ezibeka izindinganiso zokuzwa kokukhubazeka, kuhlanganise nokuhlola ubufakazi bezokwelapha.

Ukubaluleka Kokuqinisekisa Ubuqotho Nokulandisa

Izindlebe zezisebenzi ziyinqubo eyinhloko yokugcina izinhlangano zinomthwalo wemfanelo emithethweni yazo nomthetho. Ngaphandle kwazo, abathi zikhona bebengeke babe nendlela esebenzayo yokubekela inselele amaphutha ombuso, izinqumo ezizenzile, noma ukuchazwa kabi kwenqubo. Izindlebe zifeza umsebenzi wesimiso: ngokubukeza amacala ngamanye, i-ALJs ingabona izindlela zephutha nezinhlangano ezikhuthaza ukuthuthukisa ukuqeqeshwa, ukucacisa, noma ukubukeza izimiso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzwa kukhuthaza ukuba sobala. Izenzakalo ziqoshiwe, futhi izinqumo zivame ukutholakala obala. Lokhu kubonakala ngamehlo engqondo kuqeda ukwenza izinqumo futhi kwakha ukwethemba umphakathi ezimisweni zezinzuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, uku-adminication for Children and Families kunikeza usizo lwezobuchwepheshe ekuthuthukiseni izinqubo zokuzwa, ukuqaphela indima yabo ekuthuthukiseni ubuqotho bohlelo.

Izinzuzo Zezindlebe Zezisebenzi Eziphetheyo Kwabathi Bayakhuluma Nabezezinkonzo

Le nqubo yokuzwa inikeza izinzuzo eziphawulekayo kunokuzwana kwezindaba nenhlangano ehlanzekile iphinde icabange.

Kwabazisholo

  • Isivikelo seNdlela esiQalile: Abashoyo banelungelo lokuzwiwa, ukubona ubufakazi kubo, nokusabela. Lena isici esiyisisekelo sobulungisa baseMelika.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Izinzuzo eziqhubekekayo: Ezimweni eziningi, ukucela ukulalelwa kubangela ukuvinjelwa kwesenzo esibi, sivimbele igebe losizo olusekela ukuphila.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Isicwangciso sokulungisa: Ukuqulwa kwecala akusabisakali kakhulu kunezinkantolo, futhi abaningi abasho ukuthi bakhona bazimelela ngokuphumelelayo ngosizo oluvela ekunikezeni usizo lwasemthethweni noma imithombo yosizo lwabo siqu.
  • Isinqumo esihambisana nesikhathi: imikhawulo emisiwe iqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo zikhishwa ngokushesha kakhulu, ngokuvamile phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-45 kuya ku-90.
  • [ Ifuna ikhambi: Ukulalela kuyi-athom ekhululekile noma ephansi uma kuqhathaniswa nokuqasha ummeli nokufaka icala.

Ezicini Zokuphuthuma Kukahulumeni

  • [ ukuhluleka: Ukuqulwa kwecala kuxazulula izingxabano ngokushesha futhi ngokushibhile kunenkantolo.
  • Aluguquguquki: ALJ asebenzisa izindinganiso ezifanayo ezimweni ezifanayo, ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwemiphumela.
  • Ukulawula okuphakathi: Izinqumo zokuzwa zinikeza ukunikeza impendulo izinhlangano ezingayisebenzisa ukulungisa amaphutha futhi zithuthukise ukwenza izinqumo phambili.
  • I-Public Confidence: Inqubo yokuzwa eqinile ibonisa ukuthi inxusa libophelele ekuqondiseni nasekubuseni umthetho.

Izinselele Nezithiyo Zokuthola Ukuphumelela

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwazo, ukuqulwa kwamacala abaphathi akuphelele neze. Abasholo babhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi labo abathola imali ephansi, asebekhulile, abakhubazekile, noma abakhuluma isingisi.

Ukuyinkimbinkimbi Nokuntuleka Kokumelela Ngokomthetho

Abathenjiswa abanakho ukukhokhela ummeli, futhi usizo olukhululekile lwezomthetho luvame ukweqiswa. Ngaphandle kokuthola izimpawu, abakhonzi bazama ukuqoqa ubufakazi, ukuqonda izindinganiso zomthetho, futhi baveza icala labo ngokuphumelelayo. Ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa ukuthi abameleli basengozini enkulu yokuthola ukulalelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola kwango-2018 kokuvinjelwa kwezenhlalakahle ze-Social Security kwathola ukuthi abamelelweli babenesilinganiso esingu-60% uma kuqhathaniswa nengu-36% kwabangakhohliswangakhonziwa.

Izithiyo Zolimi Nezokutholakala

Abathi banekhono elilinganiselwe lesiNgisi bangase bangatholi izimpawu ngolimi lwabo noma bangase bangabi nazo izinkonzo zokuchaza ngesikhathi sokuthethwa kwecala.

Ukuzethusa Namandla Kuyalinganiswa

Inhlangano ithumela ummeleli oqeqeshiwe noma ummeli, kuyilapho ummeli ebonakala eyedwa. I-ALJ iyisikhulu sikahulumeni, futhi indawo yokulalela ingase izizwe njengenkantolo. Ukungalingani kwamandla kungavimba abameleli ukuba bazilwele ngokugcwele.

Ukulibala Okuthatha Isikhathi Eside Nezinqubo Ezingaphumeleli

Nakuba imizila yezomthetho ikhona, kwezinye izindawo izimpawu ze-pareji zithatha izinyanga ukulindwa kwezindlebe. Kuyi-Social Security system, isilinganiso silinda ukulalelwa kwezindlebe izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezingu-18 ngonyaka ka-2022. Phakathi nalokhu kulinda, abafuni bangase balahlekelwe indawo yokuhlala, banganakekelwa, noma bangabhekani nokungalondeki kokudla.

Izinyathelo Zokuthuthukisa

Ziqaphela lezi zinselele, izinhlangano zikahulumeni nohulumeni ziye zasebenzisa izinguquko ukuze zikwazi ukuzwa kahle futhi zikwazi ukusingatha izigwebo.

Usizo Olungokomthetho Olwengeziwe

Izinhlelo ezinjenge-Legal Servicess Corporation (LSC) ixhasa usizo olungokomthetho kubantu abahlawulwa kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifundazwe ziye zamisa i-“ i-” ukuthi abameli abaxhunyiwe ezimisweni zokunakekela impilo ukuze basize iziguli zixazulule izinzuzo. Izinhlelo ze-probobo kanye nemithola-mthola-mpilo yesikole nakho kunikeza i-probono.

Izaga Ezilula Nolimi Oluyikho Nje

Imishini ihlola futhi izinhlelo zohlelo ukusebenzisa isiNgisi esicacile (noma ezinye izilimi) nezicacisi ezicacisiwe. Ezinye izifundazwe zinikeza uhlelo lokulalela, ukulayisha ibhukwana, nokulandelana kwezinhlelo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-New York City Human Resources Administration inikeza i-partum yomsebenzisi ye-od mea yemesefa elungile.

Ukhetho lokuzwa olukude

Isifo se-COVOID-19 esithathelwanayo sandisa ukuthathwa kocingo namavidiyo. Abaningi abafaka izindlebe nabameleli babika ukuthi ukuzwa okukude kongasigcini isikhathi sokuhamba futhi kunciphisa ukukhathazeka. I-Social Security Administration manje iphethe iningi lezindlebe ezikhubazekile ngevidiyo. Ukuqhubeka unikeza izindlela ezivumelanayo zokunciphisa izithiyo zokuhamba noma izithiyo zempilo.

Isinqumo Sangaphambili Nempi Ehlukile

Ezinye izinhlelo manje zinikeza ukuzwa kwangaphambi kokuhlolwa noma i-” izingqungquthela lapho abamangaleli nezisebenzi ze-operation zingaxazulula khona izindaba ngaphandle kokuzwa ngokugcwele. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lwe-USDA &srsquo; i-SNAP lukhuthaza ukuba kuthathwe izinqubo zesinqumo zakuqala ukuze kuncishiswe izinqande ze-partum nokucindezeleka.

Ukubona Imininingwane Ngokucace Nokulandisa

Kunyatheliswa imininingwane yokuzwa ehlangene − njengamazinga okubuyisela isikhala, isikhathi sokunquma, nokufinyelela ulimi (-"ukuvumela abameleli"nequarters") ukuba izinhlangano zibone ukuthi zinecala. i-Sacial Security Administration ’s Imears and Applications ikhasi linikeza imininingwane yokwenza, eyenza ukuba kuhlolwe umphakathi.

Ithonya Langempela: Izibonelo zekhophi

Ukuze ubone indlela ukuqulwa kwezindlebe eziqondisayo okushintsha ngayo ukuphila, cabangela lezi zimo.

Ukunqandwa Kwezingane Ezinezidingo Ezikhethekile

Umama ongayedwa eTexas wathola isaziso sokuthi indodana yakhe u-’s Medicaid yayizoqedwa ngoba le nhlangano yathi isimo sayo sezokwelapha asisahlangani nezimiso zokukhubazeka. Wacela ukuzwa ngaphakathi kwefasitela losuku lweshumi, okwakusho izinzuzo eziqhubekekayo. Ekulaleleni, wanikeza amarekhodi athuthukisiwe ezokwelapha nencwadi evela kumntwana i-’ udokotela wezingane. I-ALJ yathola i-acrication ’ isinqumo sayo futhi yayala ukuba ibuyiselwe. Ngaphandle kokuzwa, umntwana wayengeke akwazi ukumelana nokwelashwa nemithi.

Ukukhokha Imali Eningi Ngenxa Yephutha Le - agency

Owathatha umhlalaphansi e-Ohio wathola isaziso esifuna ukukhokha imali ewu - R4,800 eSNAP ngenxa yokukhokha ngokweqile okubangelwa iphutha lekhompuyutha likahulumeni. Wacela ukuqulwa futhi wafaka imvume yokubika iholo lakhe ngokunembile. Isikhulu sezindlebe savuma, sayilahla imali eshibhile, sayala ukuba le nhlangano iyeke ukuqoqwa kwemali. Ukuzwa kwayivikela esikweletini esingenabulungisa esasiyokwehliswa ngenye indlela esincane se-so questruction.

Isiphetho

Izindlebe zomphathi ziwumgogodla wobulungisa ezinhlamvwini zomphakathi. Ziguqula amalungelo abalulekile angabonakali abekwe abantu ukuba babeke izinqumo zikahulumeni futhi basekele ngokulondekile. Nakuba lesi simiso sinamaphutha, ukutholakala kolimi, nokungasheshi kwenza izinguquko eziqinile zifinyeleleke futhi ziphumelele.

Kulabo abathi bayazi, indlela yokucela nokulungiselela ukuqulwa kwecala ibalulekile. Kubaphathi, abakhi bezimiso, nakuzisebenzi zezezikhungo, intuthuko eqhubekayo yezimiso zokuzwa iyisibopho esingokomthetho nomthetho. Ekugcineni, isimiso sokuqondisa esisebenza kahle siqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo zomphakathi zifeza injongo yazo ezihlosiwe: ukulungiselela inetha lokuphepha elilinganayo, elilungile, nelamukela izidingo zalabo eliklanyelwe ukusiza.