Ukuphoqelelwa Kwe - EEOC Ukubandlululwa Kwenkathi Engaphansi Komthetho Womsebenzi: Isiqondiso Esinethonya

I-Umeal Obbestoction Commission (EOC) iyinhlangano kahulumeni ebekwe icala lokuchaza, ukuhlola, nokumisa imithetho emelene nobandlululo emsebenzini eUnited States. Nakuba ukubusa kwayo kunezici eziningi ezivikelweyo (kuhlanganise uhlanga, ibala, inkolo, ubulili, ubuzwe, kanye nokukhubazeka) nendima ekubekeni imithetho yobudala ehlukile nenzima. Igunya lika-EOC phezu kobandlululo lweminyaka engaphezulu lisuka ngokuyinhloko eMbalini we-AMbali we-1967, (ADEA), umthetho ovikela abantu abaneminyaka engu-40 yobudala noma abadala bemisebenzi esekelwe enkathini yobudala. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukubukeka okuqinile okungokomthetho, ukuhlelwa kwe-EOC, ukulawulwa kwe-Excendice, ukulawulwa kwezisebenzi, ukulawulwa kwezeluleko nezimiso ezisebenzayo, kanye nezimiso zezisebenzi ezisebenzayo, kanye nezokusebenza ezikhundleni ezisebenza ezisebenza ezikhundlekweni zemisebenzi.

I - Cancer Esemthethweni: Ubandlululo Lweminyaka Kumthetho Wezomsebenzi (ADEA)

I-ADEA yenza kube okungekho emthethweni ukuba umqashi, inhlangano yezemisebenzi, inhlangano yezisebenzi, noma ikomiti yokusebenza okuhlangene ikhethe umuntu ngenxa yobudala bakhe kunoma yisiphi isikhathi, isimo, noma ilungelo lomsebenzi. Umthetho usebenza kubaqashi abangabodwa abanezisebenzi ezingu-20 noma ngaphezulu, kanye nohulumeni, nezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele indima ye-EEOC, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinqabo eziyisisekelo ze-ADEA nendlela abahluke ngayo kwezinye izimiso ezimelene nokungavumelani.

Ukuvikela Abantu Nemikhuba Ehlanganisayo

I-ADEA ivikela abafaki bezicelo nezisebenzi ezineminyaka engu-40 ubudala noma ngaphezulu. Umthetho uhlanganisa cishe zonke izici zobuhlobo bomsebenzi, kuhlanganise nokuqasha, ukudubula, ukukhushulwa, ukukhokhwa, ukukhokhwa, izinxephezelo, ukuqeqeshwa, izinzuzo, nokukhishwa kwemisebenzi. Ngokuphawulekayo, i-ADEa ayikuvikeli ukuvikela izisebenzi ezisencane, futhi akukho “ukucwaswa” okuthi zikhona ngaphansi kwemithetho yezisebenzi ezingaphansi kwe-40 ezikholelwa ukuthi zazenqatshelwa ngenxa yokuthi izisebenzi ezindala zathola ukwelashwa okuthandwayo. Umthetho futhi uvimbela ukuhlukunyezwa okusekelwe ebudala ukuthi kuyingozi noma kusakazeke kakhulu ukuba kubangele indawo ezungezile eyingozi, njengokuphindisela noma isiphi isigaba sobandlululo, ukukhokhwakhwaza, noma ukugxana kwe-EC.

Izisebenzi Ezikhulile Ziyazuza Ekuvikelweni (OWBPA)

Isivumelwano esibucayi sango-1990 esidinga izisebenzi ezisebenzayo ziphumele e-ADEA Act (isivumelwano esiqinile se-ADEA) (njengesivumelwano se-Reference Protection Act) , futhi mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu, i-octives ezihlangene nezinzuzo zezisebenzi) okumelwe zimise izimfuneko eziqondile zabahluphi bamalungelo e-ADEA. Ngaphansi kwe-OWBPA, noma isiphi isivumelwano esidinga umqashwa ukuba athathe izivumelwano (njengokwenza isivumelwano sesivumelwano se-ADE noma ukukhululwa okusayinwe ngokuhlangene nesilinganiso somdlandla) kumelwe ahlangabezane nezimfuneko eziqinile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunikeza izisebenzi okungenani izinsuku ezingu-21 ukuba zicabangele izivumelwano (noma izinsuku ezingu-45 uma ziyingxenye yesimiso sokuphuma), izinsuku eziyisikhombisa zokuchitha isivumelwano ngemva kokusayinwa, nokubhalwa ukwaziswa okuphatheleniiiiiii ezisezingenisiwe ngesinqumo. I-EC i-EC isho ebekwe ngokunense.

Ubuhlobo Eminye Imithetho Emelene Nezingxabano

I-ADEA inezici eziningi ezingafani ezingokolwazi lwemfundiso esekelwe kuyi-ViI ye-Civil Rights Act ka-1949, enqabela ukubandlululwa okusekelwe ebalazweni, ebala, enkolweni, ebulilini, nasezweni. Enye yezindlela eziphawulekayo kakhulu yi- “isici esinengqondo kunenkathi” (RFOA) yokuvikela ngaphansi kwe-ADEA. Umqashi anganqoba ukusho ukuthi ukucwaswa kobudala okusekelwe entweni enengqondo kunenkathi yobudala. Lokhu kuvikela kungaphezulu kunesilinganiso esithile esiyisisekelo esisebenza ekulahleni ithonya elithile ngaphansi kwesihloko VIII. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lobufakazi bokunganciphiswa kwemiphumela yezinga eliphansi kwe-ADE liphakeme libonisa ukuthi i-tephaltiom ephakeme i-painss arectal i-martmental esekelwe kwesinye isiciumkhalo esisekelwe kwenye isigaba somgodi, futhi engashici.

Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe nge-ADEA ngokwayo, hlola umbhalo ogcwele womthetho kanye nezinguquko zawo EOC’S ADEA ikhasi.

Inqubo Yokuphoqelelwa Kwe - EEOC: Ukusuka Ekukhohliseni Kuya Ekubhujisweni

Kunalokho, ukuphoqelela ukugcinwa kwemithetho kuhilela ukucwaninga, ukuhlanganisa, futhi uma kudingeka, ukuqonda indlela iEEOC ekhipha ngayo isigwebo sokucwasa ngeminyaka kubalulekile kuzo zombili izisebenzi ezikholelwa ukuthi ziye zacwaswa nabaqashi abafuna ukwazi ukuthi yini ezizoyilindela lapho kuphenywa.

Ukumangalela Ukubandlululwa

Ngaphambi kokuba umuntu amangalele umqashi wakhe ngokucwaswa ngeminyaka ngaphansi kwe ADEA enkantolo kahulumeni, kumelwe aqale afake icala lobandlululo nge-EEOC. Lokhu kuyimfuneko engokomthetho (imfuneko yokunikeza isiqinisekiso.) isaziso kumelwe sibhalwe phansi, sisayinwe, futhi kumelwe siqanjwe umqashi obizwa ngokuthi ucaciswe ngokungemthetho. Icala kumelwe libekwe phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-180 zesenzo sokucwaswa kwe-discrinitary. Nokho, ngokwalokho kusho ukuthi inemithetho yabo siqu yokucwasa ngokwenkathi kanye nenhlangano (okubizwa ngokuthi “izimo ezizimele”), lo mqambiso kumelwe aqashelwe ukuba athathelwe indawo engaphezulu ngezinsuku ezingu-300. Abaqashi kufanele bagcine njalo belindele; ukulahlekelwa yiyo ngisho nakuhlulwa kwesombuluko.

Ukuthatha Isabelo Kokuqala

Lapho isimangalelwe, i-EEOC iyisabela umseshi. Lenhlangano ingahlanganyela futhi ekutholeni izigijimi zakudala uma umqashi ezimisele futhi imangalela ibonakala ifanelekela isinqumo sezwi lesinqumo ngokwethukela. Icala liningi lixazululwa kuleliqophelo ngesimiso sokudlulisa i-EEOC, esiwuhlelo lokuzithandela, oluyimfihlo, futhi olungakhokhelwanga wonke amaqembu. Uma ukukhipha imvume kungaphumeleli noma kunganikezwanga, icala liqala isigaba sokuphenya.

Uphenya

Phakathi nokuhlola, i-EEOC iqoqa ubufakazi obubonisa ukuthi kunesizathu esinengqondo sokukholelwa ukuthi ubandlululo luye lwavela. Umseshi angase acele izincwadi ezivela kubo bobabili abaphethe (izisebenzi noma abaqashwa) kanye nabaphendulayo (umqashi). Izicelo ezingokoqobo zihlanganisa amafayela ezisebenzi, izifakela-msebenzi, amashadi enhlangano, ukuhlola komsebenzi, amarekhodi okuhlola, amarekhodi okususa noma ukunciphisa, nanoma iziphi izinqubo ezihlobene nobudala noma umhlalaphansi. I-EOC ingase ibuze nofakazi bengxoxo, ukuhambela kwezethutho, nokucela umqashi ukuba anikeze inkulumo engokomthetho ephendula izikhalo.

Abaqashi bacelwa umthetho ukuba bavumelane nophenyo lwe-EEOC. Ukwenqaba ukunikeza amaphepha, ukuphazamisa izingxoxo, noma ofakazi abasongelayo kungaphumela ekufuneni i-EEOC ipeace noma ekufakeni icala ukuze baphoqelele ukuvuma. Nokho, abaqashi futhi banelungelo lokunikeza iziqondiso ezingokomthetho kuyo yonke lenqubo futhi kufanele bathintane neseluleko ngaphambi kokusabela kunoma isiphi isicelo se-EEOC.

Ukuze uthole ukucubungula ngenyathelo lenqubo yokukhokha ye-EEOC, vakashela isikhulu EOC sikhomba umqondisi wokuhlela [.

Imbangela Enengqondo Yokuzimisela Nokuvumelana

Ngemva kokuhlola ubufakazi, i-EEOC inikeza enye yemiphumela emibili: “isizathu esinengqondo” ukuzimisela noma“isizathu esinengqondo”. Uma i-EEOC itholanga sizathu esinengqondo, umkhokhisi uthola isaziso esilungile sokuya ku-union. Lokhu akusho ukuthi isisebenzi asinacala; kumane kusho ukuthi i-EEOC ayibufumananga ubufakazi obanele. Umuntu angase afake icala ngasese phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-90 zokwamukela isaziso.

Uma i-EEOC ithola isizathu esinengqondo, lenhlangano izomema bobabili abakhona ukuba bahlanganyele ekuhlanganeni − inqubo lapho i-EEOC izama ukufinyelela khona indawo yokuzithandela eqeda umkhuba wokukhipha ubugebengu futhi inikeze usizo eqenjini elikhokhileyo. Impumuzo ingahlanganisa ukukhokhela, ukukhokhela phambili, ukubuyiselwa, ukukhokha isikhala (lapho sikhona), nenkokhelo yommeli. Uma ukubhalisa kwe-eOC kungaphumeleli, i-EEOC ingase inqume ukukhipha isigwebo ngenxa yeqembu elikhokhayo, noma ingakhipha isaziso sokukhokhwama kwecala ukuze umuntu aphishele enkantolo.

Ukuqamba Amanga

Lapho i-EEOC imangalela umqashi, yenza kanjalo enkantolo yesifunda yombuso. Lenhlangano inezisebenzi zayo ezingokomthetho futhi ingamelelwa uMnyango wobulungisa ezimweni ezithile. I-EEOC ingahlanganisa ukuqulwa kwabantu ngabanye noma ezimweni lapho inkampani ikholelwa ukuthi umqashi uhileleke elungiselelweni noma ekucwaseni, ingafuna ukukhululeka okubanzi kwezimiso zezimiso zezomthetho. E - EOC ingafuna ukubuyiselwa iholo lesigaba esikhulu sabantu abathintekile, uma kuvela imvume yokunqanda imithetho yokundlulula izimali, futhi ivume ukuthi ihlelwe ngendlela yokulungisa ukucwasana okudlulele. Ezinye izikhundla zenkathi yobudala kakhulu ziye zabangelwa ukucwasana okungokwesimiso sezimiso ze-ECC.

Izinkinga Eziwusizo Ekufakazeleni Ukubandlululwa Kweminyaka

Kuzisebenzi nabameli bazo, ukubonisa ubandlululo lobudala kudinga ukunaka ngokucophelela ebufakazini nasezindinganisweni zomthetho. Abacwaningi be-EEOC balandela izisekelo ezimiswe kahle zesayensi yeminyaka lapho behlola izibalo zeminyaka yobudala.

Ubufakazi Obuyinhloko Obungaqondakali

Ubufakazi obuqondile bokucwasa buyivelakancane. Kungase kuhlanganise namazwi acacile ashiwo umenzi wesinqumo anjengokuthi “Asikuqali ngoba umdala kakhulu” noma“ Uma ukhona, uma ubufakazi obuqondile bukhona, umkhangisi unomthwalo olula ekushintsheni isimo. Okuvame kakhulu, ukucwaswa kweminyaka kufakazelwa ngobufakazi obungenazimo, njengamazwi aphathelene nobudala, ukugxeka, ukusola isikhathi, noma ukungavumelani kwezizathu zomqashi ezishiwoyo zesenzo esithile esingafanele.

Isakhiwo Esiklanywa UDouglas EMcDonnell

Emacaleni ancike ebufakazini obulandelanayo, izinkantolo (nabaphenyi be-EEOC) zisebenzisa uhlelo olulungisa umthwalo olumiswe ku- McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Luluhlaza. Ngaphansi kwalesi simiso, iqembu kumelwe liqale limise i-facience facie [[[FLT:]] icala lokulungisa] ngokubonisa ukuthi ba-( 40 noma badala, (2) bafanelekelelwe isikhundla, (3) babhekana nesenzo esinzima, futhi (4) bathathelwa indawo engcono kakhulu kuneseqeshiwe (ngokuvamile iminyaka engu-10 noma ngaphezulu). Uma iqembu eligadlayo lihlangabezana nale mthwalo, umqashi kumelwe ahlulele ngokusemthethweni, uma ebona isizathu salo liveza ukuthi umenywa yinkathi yokukhetha.

Ubufakazi Obungokwezibalo Eminyakeni Yokukhula

Izibalo zivame ukwenza indima ekukhetheni ubudala, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezihilela ukuncishiswa kwe-in-active (RF) noma izindlela zobudala bokuqasha. AmaPlainff anganikeza ubufakazi obubonisa ukuthi izisebenzi esezikhulile zanqanyulwa ngokungenakulinganiswa, zasuswa, noma zadluliswa ukuze zikhushulelwe. Imininingwane ye-EOC kanye nofakazi abangochwepheshe bangasiza ekutholeni ukuthi izibalo eziphawuliwe zibalulekile yini ngokwezibalo. Nokho, izinkantolo ziqaphe ngokuncika kuphela ezizibalo, futhi umqashi angabubuyisela ubufakazi bezibalo ngokubonisa izizathu zokungahambisani izibalo.

Ukuzisholo

Isigaba esibalulekile sokuzisholo okusingathwa yi-EEOC kuhilela ukuziphindiselela. Akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho ngomqashi ukuphindisela kumuntu ngenxa yokucwaswa ngeminyaka ephikisayo, ukukhipha isigwebo, noma ukuhlanganyela ekuhlolweni. Ngokuvamile ukuvuma ukuthi uphindisela kulula ukukufakazela kunokusho okungasekelwe ekucwaseni ngoba ukuhlobana kwesikhashana phakathi komsebenzi ovikelwe nesenzo esibi kungaba sekusondele kakhulu.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Ziyatholakala Ngaphansi Kwe - ADEA

Amakhambi i - EEOC engawafuna ekutholeni i - alphanupeding noma ngokuqoqa i - componence ahlukile ngandlela - thile kulawo atholakala ngaphansi kwe - Thit VII. Ngaphansi kwe - ADEA, amakhambi akhona omthengisi ophumelelayo ahlanganisa nala:

  • [ Emuva umholo — isinxephezelo senkokhelo nezinzuzo ezilahleka kusukela esikhathini sokuthatha isinyathelo sokwahlulela, inzuzo encishisiwe. Iholo elibuyayo lingafinyelela eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kokuba icala ligcinwe (iminyaka emithathu emacaleni okwephula ngamabomu).
  • Iholo le-Front — ukukhokhelwa ngokubuyiselwa lapho ukubuyiselwa kungakho, okumelela iholo lesikhathi esizayo elilahlekile.
  • Ingozi encitshisiwe[ — isilinganiso esengeziwe senkokhelo yeqolo uma uphuzo lomqashi luyi-“yintando,” kusho umqashi azi noma abonise ukunganaki ngokunganaki ukuthi ukuziphatha kwakhe kungqubuzana ne-ADEA. Inxeba elikhiqizweyo liphindeka kabili ibhamu.
  • Ukukhululeka okungalawuleki — umyalo wenkantolo ofuna umqashi ukuba ayeke imikhuba yokulahla umthetho, amukele izimiso zokungagunyazi, izimemo zeposi, futhi athathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuphulwa kwesikhathi esizayo.
  • Izindleko ze-Attorney nezindleko [ — i-pacttiff edumile ingathola izindleko ezinengqondo zommeli nezindleko zokuzihlela.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-ADEA ayikuvumeli ukululama kwenxeba lokuncishiswa kwezinhlupheko ezingokomzwelo noma ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka, futhi ayivumeli ukujeziswa (ngaphandle kwezimo ezilinganiselwe kakhulu ezingasebenzi lapha). Lokhu kusho ukuthi amacala obudala okucwasa ngokuvamile awabizi kakhulu kubameli abavamile nabasemaceleni abangekho emthethweni uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye iziphakamiso zokucwaswa kwemisebenzi, kodwa ingadedela imali enele nemali encishisiwe, ikakhulukazi emacala okuphula ngamabomu.

Ithonya Elibanzi Le - EEOC EMthethweni Wobandlululo Lweminyaka

Ngemithetho, ngeziqondiso zesimiso, izinhlelo zokuphoqelela ukugcinwa kwemithetho, nangezindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlangano zisebenza kahle, leli nxusa lihlela indlela abaqashi ezweni lonke abaqonda futhi bavumelane ngayo ne - ADEA.

Iziqondiso Nezinkulumo Zemithetho

I-EEOC inikeza iziqondiso ezibophekile, isiqondiso sokuchaza, nesiqondiso sokusebenza esicacisa ama-ADEA. Ngokwesibonelo, i-EEOC iye yakhipha isiqondiso sokusetshenziswa kwezici ezinengqondo ngaphandle kobudala, ukusetshenziswa kwe-OWBPA ekunqumeni izivumelwano, imithetho ebusa abahluli futhi ekhulula, kanye nokuhlanganisa phakathi kwemithetho ye-ADEA kanye nezinye ezizuzisayo. Abaqashi abalandela isiqondiso se-EOC banciphisa amathuba abo okubhekana nokucwaswa kwabo lapho bephenyiswa.

Ukufinyelela Nemfundo

Enye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ye-EEOC imfundo. Lenhlangano iqeqeshela njalo ochwepheshe bezezimali zabantu, abaqashi, nezinhlangano zokuthuthukisa umsebenzi. Inikeza imithombo yamahhala − kuhlanganise namaphepha ayiqiniso, i-webinar, nemishini yokuqeqesha nge-inthanethi ) esiza abaqashi ukuba baqonde izibopho zabo ngaphansi kwe-ADEA. Ngonyaka ka-2023, i-EOC yaqhuba izenzakalo ezisheshayo ezweni lonke, eziningi zazo ezazikhuluma ngenkathi yobudala nezidingo zezisebenzi ezindala.

Izinto Eziza Kuqala Ezibalulekile

Njalo eminyakeni emine, i-EEOC ikhipha i-Stragic Emporcement Plan (SEP) ephawula izindawo eziza kuqala kulenhlangano. Ukucwasa ngokweminyaka bekuyindawo ephambili eqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi emongweni wokwehla kwesilinganiso, ukusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa kwemibono esekelwe eminyakeni esukela phambili ekuqasheni nasekukhushuleni, futhi ukusebenza kwe-ADEA kubantu abanemithwalo yemfanelo yokunakekela. I-SEP (2024-2028) iqokomisa ukucwaswa kweminyaka njengengxenye ye-EOC egxile “empikiswaneni eyandayo” kanye“ nokucwaswa kwezimiso.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani isanda kuhlela izindaba ezihlobene nezisebenzi ezindala kwezobuchwepheshe, lapho amakhono ahlobene khona namakhono obuchwepheshe ahlobene namakhono obuchwepheshe.

Izinkinga Eziphawulekayo Zobandlululo Lweminyaka Ye - EEOC

Emashumini eminyaka, i-EEOC iye yaletha izimpikiswano eziningana eziphawulekayo zenkathi ewubandlululo eziye zadala umthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, EOC v. Wyoming (1993), iNkantolo Ephakeme yasekela ukusebenza kwe-ADEA kuhulumeni nakohulumeni bendawo, inqaba izimpikiswano zokuthi idlula iMakethe yeKonsolizimu Claus. [[FLT]] Iphepha elizele. v. Biggins [1993], iNkantolo Ephakeme yasekela ukusetshenziswa kwesinqumo somqashi esisekelwe esimweni semali sezisebenzi, kodwa engangqubani ngqabanisanga ngisho naseminyakeni emibili ye-ADE.[FLC] Isiza futhi ukumiswa kwezinqululo ezikathi zesivumelwano ezibalulekile ngokuphathelene ne-OB, futhi i-OW.

Ukuze uthole i-metaryment ye-EEOC, kuhlanganise nezenzakalo zokucwasa zobudala, bheka [[FLT: 0] EOC ligitation pheding [.

Ukuncishiswa Kobandlululo

Enye yezindawo ezivame kakhulu lapho ukucwasa ngeminyaka kuphakama khona ukuncishiswa kwe-RF (RF) noma ukudilizwa. Uma umqashi edinga ukuqeda izikhundla, izisebenzi esezikhulile zivame ukuthinteka ngokungenakulinganiswa, kungaba ngenxa yokuthi zinamaholo aphakeme noma ngenxa yokuthi abenzi besinqumo bakholelwa ukuthi izisebenzi ezindala azivumelani nezimo eziguquguqukayo noma aziphumeli. I-ADEA ayinqabi ama-RIF njenganjalo, kodwa inqabela abaqashi ukuba badonse izisebenzi ezindala ngamabomu noma ukusebenzisa izindinganiso ezingathathi hlangothi ezine hlangothini ezinemiphumela yobushiqela ngaphandle kwesinye isicinde esinengqondo.

Uma umqashi eqhuba i-RIF, i-EEOC izohlola izici eziningana: (1) ukuthi iziqondiso zokukhetha zazihlobene nomsebenzi futhi zisetshenziswa njalo, (2) ukuthi ubudala babuyingxenye yenqubo yokukhetha (nanoma yisici esingekho sodwa), (3) ukuthi umqashi unika izisebenzi ezindala amaphakethe asheshe aphume aphume, futhi (4) ukuthi umqashi ulalela i-OWBPA uma icelwa ukuba ithenge abahluzi futhi ikhululeke ngokushintshana. Abaqashi kufanele bagcine isiqinisekiso sokukhetha ngasinye sisekelwe entweni enqubweni, izici ezingangeni phambili njengemisebenzi, imiklamo yamakhono, noma imilando ekhuthaza ukulwa.

Ukuthatha Umhlalaphansi Kuseyinkathi Engaphambili

Abaqashi ngezinye izikhathi banikeza izinhlelo ezikhuthazayo zasekuqaleni zomhlalaphansi (ERIP) ukuze bakhuthaze izisebenzi esezikhulile ukuba zithathe umhlalaphansi ngokuzithandela. Nakuba izinhlelo ezinjalo zingekhona okungekho emthethweni ngokwemvelo, kumelwe zihlelwe ngokucophelela ukuze zigweme ukwephula i-ADEA. i-OWBPA ifuna ukuba noma imuphi umqaphi we-ADEA kuhlelo lokuqala lomhlalaphansi azi futhi abeke imithetho engokomthetho, incazelo ebhalwe phansi yamagama ohlelo, iqembu labantu abafanelekela isimiso, iziqu kanye neminyaka yezomsebenzi yalabo abasemkhandlwini yesinqumo, nesimiso sesikhathi sokwenza isinqumo. i-EOOOC ikhiphe izinqubo ezimelene nabaqashi abaphoqeshwe izisebenzi zabo ngaphambi kokuba bathathe umhlalaphansi noma abahlulekile ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko ze - OWPA.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Abaqashi Abaqinisekisa Ukuthi Abaqashi Bayisekela

Abaqashi abathatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukucwaswa ngeminyaka abavamile ukubhekana nokumangalelwa, ukuhlawuliswa, nokulimala kwedumela. Lokhu kutusa okulandelayo kuthathwe ekuqondiseni kwe-EEOC nasemikhubeni evamile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-EEOC iyagcinwa:

  • Ihlola nokulungisa umsebenzi izincazelo nezimiso zokuqasha. Iqinisekisa ukuthi izimfanelo zihlobene ngempela nomsebenzi futhi azizibuki izisebenzi esezikhulile. Gwema ulimi olufana “nothweswe iziqu,”“ lomdabu,” noma “umsebenzi udinga isigaba esithile somsebenzi.
  • Abaphathi abaqeqeshiwe nabaphathi. Ukuqeqeshwa njalo nge-ADEA, iminyaka yobudala, ubandlululo olungekho mthethweni, nokuphindisela kubalulekile. Abaphathi kufanele baqonde ukuthi amahlaya obudala, ukukhulumela ngokuthatha umhlala-phansi, nemibono ngezinga lamandla ezisebenzi ezindala noma ikhono lezobuchwepheshe ayimukeleki futhi ingathatha isinyathelo.
  • Ikhasi lonke uphenyo lwemisebenzi. Icebo, ibhukwana elihambisana nenkathi iyisivikelo esingcono kakhulu ekumangalelweni kobudala. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola ukusebenza, iziqondiso zokuphakamisa, ukukhipha izinqumo zokukhetha, nanoma isiphi iseluleko noma isiyalo.
  • Bheka izinqubo ze-RIF ngeseluleko somthetho. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isephu noma ukuncishiswa kwejubane, hlola iseluleko semisebenzi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi iziqondiso zokukhetha azithathi hlangothi, ukuthi izisebenzi ezindala azithinteki ngokungenakulinganiswa ngaphandle kokuzithethelela, futhi ukuthi noma isiphi isiphazamiso futhi zikhiphe izivumelwano zivumelana ne-OWBPA.
  • Izindawo zokwehluka kobudala nokufakwa. Impucuko yomsebenzi enikeza izisebenzi esezikhulile izinhlelo ezivumelanayo, inikeza amathuba omsebenzi aqhubekayo, futhi ikhuthaza ukubambisana okuqhubekayo. Abaqashi abanezimo eziqinile zobudala abagwemi nje kuphela kodwa bazuza nakulwazi lwekhono, ukuqina, nolwazi lwemisebenzi olulethwa yizisebenzi ezindala.

Lokho Abaqashi Okufanele Bakwazi Ngokubhekana Nokubekwa Icala Lokucwaswa Kweminyaka Edlule

Uma uyisisebenzi noma ufaka isicelo esikholelwa ukuthi ungabandlululwa ngenxa yobudala bakho, ukuthatha isinyathelo ngesikhathi nesesimiso esifanelekile kubucayi. Inqubo yokukhokha ye - EEOC iyisinyathelo sokuqala, futhi kufanele uqaphele amaphuzu amaningana ayinhloko:

  • Isenzo esisheshayo. Izinsuku eziyi-180 (noma izinsuku ezingama-300) ugcine isikhathi esiqinile. Ungalindi uhele. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi unawo yini amaphutha, thintana nommeli wemisebenzi noma thintana ne-EEOC kusenesikhathi.
  • ubufakazi obuyi- Ngaphambi kokuhlela, qoqa noma imaphi amabhukwana asekela ukusho kwakho: ukubukeza komsebenzi, ama-imeyili, imisebenzi ephathelene nokususwa, amanothi mayelana nezinkulumo ezihlobene nobudala, nanoma iziphi ezinye izincwadi ezihlobene.
  • Icala kufanele lisho ngokucacile igama lomqashi, isenzo somshicileli, nezinsuku. Kumelwe lisayinwe ngaphansi kwesifungo. I-EEOC inezisebenzi ezithathayo nezinketho ezigciniwe ze-internet ezingakusiza ngenqubo.
  • Cwangcisa ukusabela. Uma iEEOC inikeza ukuphendula, kuyafaneleka ukucabangela. Ukukhipha imvume akuyona i-adversari, ishesha, futhi ingaphumela ekuthatheni isinqumo ngaphandle kokucindezelwa uphengululo noma ukulishwa.
  • [[FLT: 0] Gcina ukuxhumana kuvulekile. Hlala uxhulumanile nophenyi we-EEOC owabelwe icala lakho. Liphendule ngokushesha isicelo sokwaziswa. Uma uhamba noma ushintsha ulwazi lokuxhumana, vuselela umcwaningi ngokushesha.
  • Yazi ilungelo lakho lokumangalela. Ngisho noma i-EOC ingatholi sizathu esinengqondo, uthola isaziso esilungile sokuya-enu-enu. Unezinsuku ezingu-90 kusukela ku-ligisithi yaleyosaziso sokufaka icala enkantolo kahulumeni. Abantu abaningi baphumelela ekucwaseni inkathi yenkathi ngemva kokuba i-EEOC ye-EcoC yenzekile.

Ikusasa Lobandlululo Oludala

Ukucwasana ngeminyaka kusalokhu kuyinkinga eqhubekayo emsebenzini waseMelika, futhi i - EOC iyaqhubeka ishintsha izindlela zayo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi isebenza ukuze ibhekane nenqubo entsha.

  • [[I-ELT:0] Ubandlululo lwezesayensi yobuchwepheshe nolwe-algoric. Abaqashi basebenzisa kakhulu ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kanye namathuluzi okuhlola ukusebenza komsebenzi, ukuhlola ukusebenza, nokwenza izinqumo zezisebenzi. I-EEOC iye yazwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngokuthi la mathuluzi angaba nethonya elibi kuzisebenzi ezindala, ezingase zingazitholi iziteshi ezithile zobuchwepheshe noma ezingasakwazi ukuthatha izinqubo ze-algorithm. Inhlangano iphenyasisa indlela i-ADEA esebenza ngayo ekwenzeni izinqumo ze-algamslitialm futhi inikeze isiqondiso sokusebenzisa i-ABE emsebenzini.
  • [ Izisebenzi ezindala zivame kakhulu ukuba nemithwalo yemfanelo yokunakekela abazukulu, abangane bomshado, noma abazali asebekhulile. I-EEOC iye yaqaphela ukuthi ukucwasa izisebenzi esezikhulile kungahlanganisa nokucwasa okusekelwe ekunakekeleni, futhi kuye kwaletha izimo ezihilela ukubhekakade okuphathelene nokusebenza kwasebekhulile.
  • Umsebenzi owenziwe ngokulandelana nobandlululo lobudala. Ukushintshela emsebenzini oqhelile noxubeneyo kubangele amathuba amasha obandlululo lobudala .Izisebenzi ezindala zingadluliswa ngenxa yezikhundla ezikude ngaphansi kombono wokuthi azinazo isayensi yokuzimela noma azikwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimele, noma ngokuphambene, zingafuneka ngokungenakulinganiswa zisebenzela emsebenzini ngenxa yemibono ngentando yazo. I-EOC ihlola lemicikilisho.
  • ukugxila kakhulu emakhambini. Kukho kokubili ukuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa, i-EEOC ifuna amakhambi aqinile, kuhlanganise nokubuyiselwa, umholo ongaphambili, ukulimala okuncishisiwe, futhi okukhulu. Inhlangano iye yasebenza kakhulu ekufuneni usizo lwemali ekufuneni amaqembu alwayo futhi iye yathola amabhungane amaningi ezindawo ezindlula izinhlanga ezihlukene ezikhathini eziningana zenkathi yobandlululo.

Isiphetho

I-Uncimectal Opportunity Commission iyinhlangano ephethe i-Age Discivation in Observation Act, umthetho ovikela izigidi zezisebenzi esezikhulile ekuphathweni ngokungafanele emsebenzini. Kusukela ekudleni nasekuhloleni kokuqala kuya ekuvumelaneni, ukuhlaziyweni, nokugcinwa kwezimiso, umsebenzi we-EEOC uhlela indlela abaqashi abaklama ngayo izimiso zabo, indlela izisebenzi ezindala eziqinisa ngayo amalungelo azo, nendlela isimiso sobulungisa esisingatha ngayo ubandlululo olusekelwe emsebenzini. Abaqashi, ukuvumelana no-ADE akudingenzeli nje kuphela ukugwema ukucwaswa ngenhloso kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho yokungathathi hlangothi akuzona neze izisebenzi ezindala ngaphandle kokuzithethelela. Izisebenzi, ukuqonda ukumangalelwa kwenqubo, ikhambiso, nokubaluleka okusobala kokuzibopha okukhona, kungawenza ngayo umehluko phakathi kwempumelelo phakathi kokuzisho okunelisayo nokulahlekelwa.

Ukugcinwa kwemithetho yobandlululo lweminyaka ye-EEOC kuye kwanezela ekucabangeni, ekulinganiseni, nasemsebenzini owenziwe ngaphandle kwabantu abadala baseMelika. Nokho, ukucwaswa ngeminyaka kusalokhu kwandile, futhi imizamo eqhubekayo yenhlangano (ehlangene nezisebenzi eziqaphile, abaqashi abanolwazi, kanye nomphakathi othembiswe ngokomthetho (ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubudala abuwalinganisi amathuba omsebenzi womuntu. Ukufunda okwengeziwe ngomsebenzi we-EOC, ukunikeza imithombo yempahla, noma i-hele, kuvakashela ingosi yezekhohlo, EEOC] esemthethweni yeze.