Indima Yesimiso Sentela SaseNdiya Ekuthuthukiseni Ukuphambana Ngezimali

Ukufakwa kwezimali kuyisisekelo sokukhula okungalingani kwezomnotho, kuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu namabhizinisi bayakwazi ukukhokha imali eshibhile, izinkonzo ezingokomthetho. ENdiya, izwe elinabantu abaningi abahlukahlukene, isimiso sentela siye savela njengethuluzi elinamandla lokuletha izigidi zabantu abangavinjelwe futhi abavalelwe ezomnotho. Ngezisusa eziklanywe ngokucophelela, ukukhulula, nokuthobela izisekelo zemisebenzi yentela, inqubo kahulumeni yokukhuthaza ukuthatha intela ehleliwe emizileni yezimali, ukunciphisa ukuthembela ezinkonzweni ezisekelwe emalini ezisekelwe emalini ezigciniwe, futhi uthuthukise isiko lentela elondolozwe. Isimiso sentela saseNdiya asiyona nje inqubo yokuqoqwa kwemali; iyithuluzi elingokomthetho lokuguqula izenhlalo nezomnotho, ukuhlanganisa izinhloso ezisemgomweni ezibanzi zemali.

Uhambo oluya ekubekeni izimali eNdiya luye lwaphawuleka. Kusukela ekumisweni kwamabhange ngo-1969 kuya ekuqaliseni kwe-Pradhan Manri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) ngo-2014, abenzi bemithetho baye bafuna njalo ukwandisa ukufinyelela imali esemthethweni yokubhalisa izimali. Isimiso sentela siye sanelisa le mizamo ngokudala izisusa zezomnotho ezenza ukuba abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi amancane ahlele imisebenzi yabo yezezimali. Uma izakhamuzi ngokuzithandela zingene ngenetha lentela, zizuza uphawu olunezentengo oluqinisekile, oluthi ngokubuyisela ukufinyelela ekubekeni imali, umshuwalense, nemikhiqizo yokutshala imali. Le mishini yezentengo ephakathi kwentela nezokuphatha izimali ezikhudlwanayo, ukutshala imali, ukutshala imali eningi kakhulu.

Lesi sihloko sihlola indima ehlukahlukene yesimiso sentela saseNdiya ekuthuthukiseni ukufakwa kwentela. Sinikeza imininingwane eminingi yesakhiwo sentela, ihlaziya izimiso ezicatshangelwe ukuletha abantu ezomnotho ezisemthethweni, ihlola ithonya lalezi zinyathelo zokufaka i-metrics, futhi sixoxa ngezinselele ezingapheli namathuba esikhathi esizayo okuthola intela njengethuluzi lokuthuthukisa ulwazi olusemthethweni lukahulumeni, imibiko evela eReserve Bank of India (RBI), kanye nezimpawu zezizwe zonke zokuveza umfanekiso obanzi wentela osebenza njengendawo yokugunyazalisa intela ezweni lonke.

Ukwakhiwa Kwesimiso Sentela SaseNdiya

Isimiso sentela yaseNdiya siyisakhiwo esihlangene esinentela eziqondile nezingaqondile, ezikhokhwa yibo bobabili ohulumeni abaphakathi nohulumeni bamazwe. Ukuqonda lokhu kuklanywa kubalulekile ekuqapheleni indlela isimiso sokukha intela esingathonya ngayo ukuziphatha okungokwezimali. Intela eqondile, kuhlanganise nentela ekhokhwayo kubantu ngabanye nenkampani ebhizinisini, ikhokhwa ngemali ehlawulwayo. Intela engaqondile, ngokuyinhloko intengo yeMaprofesso neNkonzo yezentengiselwano (GST), isetshenziselwa ukuthengwa kwezimpahla nezinkonzo. Zombili, lentela ikhokhisa izindleko ezibucayi zomphakathi njengezentuthuko yezezimali, ukunakekelwa kwezenhlalakahle, inzuzo yezenhlalakahle, inzuzo yezenhlalakahle, inzuzo, inzuzo, nezinhlelo zezenhlalakahle ezibangela ukuba kube nendawo engenisa imali.

Intela eholayo eNdiya isebenza esimisweni se-palm eqhubekayo, lapho abanikazi bemali ephezulu bekhokha khona ingxenye enkulu yeholo labo. Lendlela eqhubekekayo iklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukungalingani kuyilapho kuvezwa inzuzo kahulumeni. Amazinga entela ancishisiwe kancane kancane ukuze akhange izimali nokuthuthukisa umsebenzi wezezimali, ngokugxila ngokukhethekile ekukhiqizeni ngaphansi kwe-Iprojective-Linksion Incentivedive Intelliventiventived. I-GST, eqalwe ngo-2017, ithathelwe indawo ulwe ulwe lwezintiliba oluyinkimbinkimbi lukahulumeni nentela ephakathi ngokuhlanganisa, ngokusebenzisa intela ehlangeneyo. Ngokulula isakhiwo sentela, iGST inciphisa izindleko zokukhokhwasa amabhizinisi amancane, okwenza kube lula ngabo ukuba basebenze ngendlela esemthethweni kanye nokungena ezimalini ezibhankisweni.

Isimiso sentela sihlanganisa futhi nentela ehlukahlukene, izintengo ezikhokhwayo eziqoqa izinhlelo ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, izimali zempilo nemfundo zikhokhela intela yezempilo yomphakathi nezemfundo, ezibaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni ubumpofu nasekufundeni imali. Isimiso sentela siqondiswa yi-Central Board of Directive Commist (CBDT) yentela eqondile ne-Central Court of Infective and Customs (CBIC) ukuze kuthelwe intela engaqondile. Ubuchwepheshe buye bafeza indima ehlukile ekuqondiseni intela, kanye neholo lenkokhiwo yeze nezinombolo ezivumela ukugcinwa kwentela, ukuze ifinyelele futhi ikhuthandwe kakhulu.

Umthamo wentela osungulwe yisimiso sentela usekela ngokuqondile izinhlelo zokufakwa kwezimali. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzimisela kukahulumeni ukulungiselela ukukhokha amabhange ezindawo zonke ngaphansi kwe-PMJDY kuxhaswe ngemali yentela. Ngokufanayo, izimali ze-LPG internet, ugesi, kanye nezindlu ngaphansi kwezinhlelo ezinjengo-Ujjwala ne-PMS Yas Yahoja zihanjiswa ngokudluliswa okuqondile okunenzuzo (DBT) okuhlangene ne-Ahaadar, okufuna abaxhaswe yimali ukuba babe nama-akhawunti ebhankini. Ngakho, isimiso sentela asikhonziwa kuphela ukuhlanganisa i-intercentivivation kodwa futhi sinikeza imithombo yemali edingekayo ukuze iqhubeke.

Amaphoyisa Ayinhloko Entela Abangela Ukuncintisana Kwezimali

Uhulumeni waseNdiya uye wasungula uhlu lwemithetho yentela eklanyelwe ukukhuthaza ukufakwa kwezimali. Lezi zinqubo zakha izisusa zezomnotho kubantu nasemabhizinisini ukuba bamukele izinkonzo ezingokomthetho zezimali, banciphise ukuncishwa imali futhi bakhe umlando wezimali oqinisekisiwe. Ngezansi, sihlola ukuthi inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu kulezi zimiso.

Izindlela Zokushintsha Imisebenzi Ngezinombolo

Enye yezinyathelo ezithinta kakhulu zokufakwa kwentela ezingokwezimali yisikhuthazo semithetho yezemishini. Uhulumeni uye wanikeza abahwebi nabathengisi abasebenzisa izindlela zokuthengiselana ngobuchwepheshe, ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwezomnotho ngemali. Ingxenye 80G ye-Inhooting Tax Act, iminikelo ethile ekhuphula amaqembu ezombangazwe nezinhlangano ezinikela ngezezezemali ezilungiselelwe imishini ekhokhelwayo. Ngokuqondile, uhulumeni uye wasungula izinga elincishisiwe le-GST emabhizinisini amancane amukela ukukhokha ngemali edensi noma amakhadi okuthenga ngesikweleti, i-UPI, nezinye imishini zobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza kwabathengi abancane, kwenza iminyango yezemali esemthethweni ifanelekelwe ukukhokhelwa imali ekhanga kakhulu.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhadi le-RuPay, i-nethiwekhi yendabuko yemali yaseNdiya, ixhumene kakhulu nezisusa zentela. UJan Dhan abanikazi be-akhawunti bathola ikhadi le-Rupare debit, futhi ukuthengiselana okwenziwayo ukusebenzisa lamakhadi kungawafanelekela ama-raves akhokhelwayo noma ama-GST. Uhulumeni futhi ufaka imali ekhokha abaholi be-aggenters nabashi be-accocktech ngamaholide entela ngaphansi kwe-indeki yokuqala yaseNdiya, ekhuthaza ukusungulwa kwemikhakhakha yemikha yobuchwepheshe. Imininingwane ibonisa ukuthi imiqulu yemali ekhokhelwayo iyanda kakhulu, nge-Aucinetic Specioserves (UPSI) engenisa izindleko eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumini eziyizigidi ezingu-10 ngenyanga zamashumi amabili. Lolu nyaka unyaka uhlolwa ngokuqondile emithengiselwa ukuba kuzuze intela yonyaka yabo bobabili.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni ugunyaze ukuba wonke amabhizinisi anezikhungo ezingaphezulu komnyango oqondile anikeze amakhasimende ama-minucturet amakhetho okukhokha. Ukungabhalisa kungaphumela ezijezisweni, kodwa futhi isimiso sentela sivuza ukuthobela izinzuzo zentela ezifakwayo ngaphansi kwe-GST. Lokhu kucindezela, kuhlangene nezisusa zentela, kuye kwandisa ngokuphawulekayo ukukhokhwa kwezezinkonzo zemali ezindaweni ezikude zasemaphandleni, kuletha izigidi zentengiselwano yemali esemthethweni yezimali ngaphambili.

Ukukhokhiswa Intela Nokuhlukunyezwa

Ukungakhokhi intela kanye nentela kuyizinkonzo ezinamandla zokukhuthaza abantu abahlawulwayo ukuba bangenele isimiso esingokomthetho sokubhalisa. Okuphawuleka kakhulu yintela ekhokhelwayo ngaphansi kwesigaba 87A, enikeza abakhokhi bentela abaphelele abakhokhelwayo abakhokhelwayo abakhokhelwayo abanomngcele ocacile (manje i-akh lakh ngaphansi komthetho omusha wentela). Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingxenye ebalulekile yezakhamuzi ayikhokhi intela, kodwa basadingeka ukuba babuyele i-Rela i-bate. Isenzo sokuhlenga, nakuba senza umsebenzi osemthethweni wemali owenziwe lula, ungenza umbhalo wemali osemthethweni ongase usetshenziselwe ukukhokha intela, ukukhokha imali, ukuboleka kwezindlu, nezinye izinkonzo zemali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiqephu samashumi amahlanu anezinombolo ze-Inhooting Tax Act ivumela ukuncishiswa kwemali efakiweyo emishinini echaziwe enjenge-PPF, i-odolie Presentent Fund (EPF), iNational Savings Sactip (NSC), kanye nentela yomshuwalense wokuphila. Lamathuluzi atholakala kakhulu ngamabhange nasemahhovisi eposi, akhuthaza abantu ukuba bavule futhi bagcine imali. Intela isebenza njengesisusa esiqondile semali egciniwe, okuyisihluthulelo sokungena kwemali.

Uhulumeni futhi uye wasungula izikhala zentela zenzalo etholakala emalini egciniwe futhi wabeka imingcele ethile ngaphansi kwe-Fold 80TTA ne-80TB (izakhamuzi esezikhulile). La malungiselelo enza kukhange ukuba abantu bagcine imali yabo emabhange kunasemalini, athuthukise umkhuba wokugcinwa kwemali engokomthetho. Kubantu abadala, ngokuvamile abasengozini yokulahlekelwa imali, lezinzuzo zentela zibaluleke kakhulu, zinikeza igebe elilondekile nephephile lemali yabo yomhlalaphansi.

Uhlelo Lokubeka Izakhi Zomzimba Lwebhizinisi Elincane

I-GST Comissing Scheme iyinqubo ephawulayo evumela ukukhokhwa kwentela yamabhizinisi amancane. Amabhizinisi ahamba nge-crore (8875 lakh ezizweni ezikhethekile) angakhetha uhlelo lokuqamba, ngaphansi kwayo akhokhela isilinganiso esimisiwe, esiphansi sentela emshinini wawo wokukhokha intela elula futhi afake amafayili ukubuyiselwa okulula. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo owenziwayo ngokuphawulekayo, okwenza ukuba ube nokwenzeka ezitolo ezincane ezisemgwaqweni, izingcweti, namabhizinisi asekhaya ukuba asebenzele ngendlela esemthethweni. Ngaphansi kwe-GST, la mabhizinisi azuza ukufinyelela esimisweni sokubhalisa imali esemthethweni, kuhlanganise nekhono lokuvula ama-akhawunti amanje, afaka isicelo sebhizinisi, ukubolekisa imali, nokusebenzisa izimiso zemisebenzi.

Ngaphambi kwe-GST, amabhizinisi amancane amaningi asala ngaphandle kwenetha lentela ngoba izindleko zokuthotshelwa kwezimiso ze-active ne-VAT zangaphambili zaziphakeme kakhulu. Icebo lokuqamba liye laba umdlalo oshintshisa, kuletha izigidi zamabhizinisi amancane ezomnotho ezingokomthetho. Ukubhalisa iGST manje kuyimfuneko yemali kahulumeni nezivumelwano zokuthengisela, ukuqhubekela phambili ekufakeni inxenye yemali. Imininingwane ye-GSTN ibonisa ukuthi amabhizinisi abhalisile ngaphansi kwe-GST, anesilinganiso esiphawulekayo esincane nemisebenzi emincane. Lokhu kuhlelwa kuyindlela engokomthetho yokungena ngokwezimali, njengoba kwenza umsele ogciniwe ogciniwe ogciniwe ogciniwe ogciniwe ogciniwe ongaba yinkongongo.

Izikhangiso Zentela Zemfundo Nezomshuwalense Wezempilo

Ukufakwa kwezimali akukona nje ukuba ne-akhawunti yebhange; futhi kungokokuthola imikhiqizo eyakha inzuzo engokwezezimali esikhathini eside. Isimiso sentela sikhuthaza ukutshala imali emfundweni nasemshuwalenseni wempilo ngokuncishiswa ngemali eshibhisiwe ngaphansi kwe-Ctection 80C (ngemali yokukhokha) ne-Cuartic 80D (ngemishuwalense yezokwelapha). Le mali ishukumisela abantu ukuba basebenzise iziteshi ezisemthethweni ukuze bakhokhe intela yesikole futhi bathenge izinhlelo zempilo, kunokuba bathembele ekulondolozeni imali ngokwethukela noma ukuboleka. Impilo, ikakhulukazi, ivikela imikhaya ezindlekweni zezokwelapha ezivame ukuba ibangele ubumpofu. Ngokufaka umshuwalensele owengeziwe othengwa ngentela, inkambiso yezimali ezikhokhelwayo emikhayeni ephansi.

Ngokufanayo, izikweleti zenzalo yemali ebolekwa ekhaya ngaphansi kweSigaba 24 nenkokhelo eyinhloko ngaphansi kweSahluko 80C yenza ukuba ukuba ikhaya libe elihle ngemali ebolekiswayo ebhange engokomthetho. Lokhu bekuwumshayeli omkhulu wokungena kwesibambiso sendlu ezindaweni ezingezombili nasemaphandleni, lapho amabhange eqhubeka eboleka khona izindlu ezibizayo. Izinzuzo zentela zinciphisa izindleko eziphumelelayo zokuboleka imali, okwenza ukuba ifinyeleleke kakhulu. Lemithetho ibonisa indlela isimiso sentela esingaqondisa ngayo ukuziphatha okungokwezimali emikhiqini eyakha imikhiqizo nesivikelo isikhathi eside.

Zuza Ukudluliselwa Okuqondile (DBT) Ukuxhumaniswa Nokuthuthwa Kwentela

Nakuba kungewona umthetho wentela ngokwe-se, ukuhlanganiswa kokuthunyelwa kwentela ngokuqondile nesimiso sentela kuyinqubo enamandla yokufaka. Uhulumeni usebenzisa intela ekhokhelwayo ukuze athole abazuzayo ezinhlanganweni ezihlukahlukene zezezenhlalakahle. Ngokwesibonelo, intela eholayo isetshenziselwa ukukhokhela izimali ezikhokhelwa umanyolo, ukudla, ne-LPG silindage, uqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo zifinyelela labo abazidinga kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kudinga ukuba abangenele ekutholeni ibhange elihlangene ne-Aadhaar yabo, esetshenziswayo kamuva i-DB. Ngakho isimiso sentela sidlala indima yokugcina amasango esimweni sezentengiselwano, sidala izisusa ezinamandla zokunikeza abantu abazidinga kakhulu izimali zabo.

Isimiso sokuhlola esiqaliswe umnyango wezentengiselwano weholo sinciphisa futhi umthwalo wokuphatha abakhokhi abancane bentela. Ngokusebenzisa i-data i-alytics kanye nama-forethi agcwalisiwe, lesi simiso senza kube lula ngabenzi bamafayela bokuqala ukuvumelana. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuzisebenzi zezezimali, abahwebi abancane, nabalimi abavame ukusebenza ngokwethukela. Izinqubo zokuhlela zalula zinciphisa isithiyo ukuze umuntu angene, zikhuthaza ukuvuma ngokuzithandela futhi, ngokwengeziwe, ukufakwa kwemali.

Ukulinganisa Umphumela Okuncintisana Kwezimali

Ithonya lale mithetho yentela ekufakeni imali lilingana nezindlela eziningi. IlaseNdiya liye lathuthuka ngokuphawulekayo ekuvuleni ukufinyelela izinkonzo ezingokomthetho zezimali, futhi isimiso sentela siye saba isici esibalulekile esinengxenye. Ngokwe-Global Fiemex Memocracy 2021 eshicilelwe yi-World Bank, ama- 78% abantu abadala baseNdiya aba ne-akhawunti enkampanini yezimali noma nge-areki yemali, kusukela ku-35% ngo-2011. Lokhu kugxambulela ngokwengxenye ukuba ne-PMDY, kodwa i-anti egciniweyo idinga ukusetshenziswa kwe-akhawunti okusebenzayo, okukhuthazwa isimiso sentela.

Inani lemitapo yentela ekhokhelwayo linyuke kancane, linqamule i-crore 7.5 ngonyaka wokuhlola 2022-23. Lokhu kukhula akuveli kuphela kubaholi abahola imali eshibhile; isilinganiso esiphawulekayo samafayili amasha sivela ezibangini zemali eziphansi, siqhutshwa yimfuneko yokufuna intela ephinde yakhokhelwa kanye nezikweleti. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Recote 87a rebate iye yakhuthaza izigidi zabantu abakhokhelweyo kanye nabanikazi bebhizinisi abancane ukuba bawandise amasheke nakuba icala labo lentela liyize. Inkokhela ngayinye ebuyayo yenza umbhalo wezimali ongase usetshenziswe ngokukhokhwaswa kwemali, ukukhokha okusemthethweni.

Imininingwane yokukhokha inombolo inikeza esinye isibonakaliso esinamandla. Umqulu wentengiselwano we-UPI wakhula kusukela ku 92 crore mentations eFY2017 kuya ku-18 10 000 crore eFY2023-24. Inani lentengiselwano ngokufanayo liye lanyuka, libonisa ukutholwa okubanzi kuzo zombili izindawo zasemadolobheni nasemakhaya. Izisusa zentela kubathengi nabathengi, zihlangene ne-GST ekhuthaza ukugcinwa kwemidwebo yezibalo, ibingaba abashayeli abayinhloko. I-RBI'S Digitablectureans Index, elinganisa i-actablements Index, ethatha intry-omnyaka wonke, ifinyelele ku-37.47 ngoMarch 2023 ngokumelene nesisekelo sekhulu lekhulu le-100 ngoMarch 2018.

UJan Dhan I-akhawunti ye-akhawunti ibonisa ukuthi ama-akhawunti e-crreare angaphezu kuka-50 avulwe, nangaphezu kuka-67% awo ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nasemadolobheni angasadlanga. Ukulinganisela kwalokhu kulandisa kuye kwanda, kubonisa ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi. Isimiso sentela sisekela ukusetshenziswa kwala ma-akhawunti ngezindlela eziningi: inzala ehlawulwayo incishiswa intela, futhi ikhadi le-Rupay elihlangene ne-akhawunti elisiza ekuthengiseleni intengo yezentengo ethola izinzuzo zentela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isisekelo se-DBT sezenteko yemali esekelwe kule akhawunti, iqinisekisa ukuthi izimali zezenhlalakahle zifinyelela ngokuqondile futhi ngokushesha.

Imvume yokuthenga ngesikweleti iyanda futhi. Ngokombiko we-RBI, inani le-Micro, Small and Mod Enterprises (MSMEs) ukukhokha isikweleti okusemthethweni kuye kwakhula ngokuphawulekayo, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yemininingwane yokubhalisa yeGST eyayisetshenziswa amabhange ukuze ifake isikweleti. I-PUblic Crever Registry (PCR), ne-AA) Accomplector ahlela intela ngokuhlola izimali zokuthenga ngesikweleti, okwenza ukuba kukwazi ukukhokha ngokunelisa okunelisayo nokungakhokhwa okungakhokhwayo ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi kwemali ezigciniweyo. Ngakho isimiso sentela sisebenza njengebhulo phakathi kwemisebenzi yezethuko kanye nemisebenzi yezimali, iholo eligunyazwe ekukhokhelweni kwemali.

Izinselele Eziqhubekayo Ekubukekeni Okungalawuleki

Naphezu kwempumelelo enkulu, indima yesimiso sentela samaNdiya ekuthuthukiseni ukufakwa kwezimali ibhekene nezinselele eziningi eziphikelelayo. Ukuxazulula lezinselele kubaluleke kakhulu ekusekeleni nasekuthuthukiseni inzuzo yokufakwa.

Ukuhoxiswa Kwentela Nomnotho Wethukela

Ingxenye enkulu yezomnotho zaseNdiya ihlala ingenamdlandla, ingenayo imikhakha emikhulu yentela ezindaweni ezinjengendawo, ezolimo (ngaphandle kwemingcele yemali ekhokhwayo), ezohwebo ezincane, nezinkonzo. Umnotho ongahleliwe ulinganiselwa ku-40-50% ye-GDP. Intela ilulaza ukufakwa ngokwezimali ngenxa yokuthi abantu ababalekela ukukhokha izintela ngamabomu ukuze bahlale bebonakala. Uma isimiso sentela sisebenza njengethuluzi lokufaka inzuzo, kumelwe kuqala siphumelele ekungeniseni umsebenzi ongokwezomnotho owengeziwe ngaphansi kwe-public Vieowe. Lokhu kudinga indlela ebanzi yokuhlanganisa izimali eziqinile, ulwazi lokuqaphela izintela, nokuzikhulula ekunciphiseni i-appy.

Ukuqapha Nokuqaphela Imali

Abantu abaningi abaholelwa kancane abazazi izinzuzo zentela ezitholakala kubo. Ubunkimbinkimbi bemithetho yentela, naphezu kwemizamo yokuzilungisa, bungasabisa. Kumlimi omncane noma umholo wansuku zonke, ithemba lokuhlela intela ekhokhelwayo, ngisho neyodwa elula, bungathuntubeza. Lokhu kungaqapheleki kusho ukuthi inani elikhulu lalabo abakhokhi bentela abafanelekayo alibuyi, ukuphuthelwa izinhlelo zezemali ezingcono nezincitshisiwe ezingathuthukisa ukuma kwabo kwezimali. Izinhlelo zezezimali zokufundisa intela, kanye nemikhankampani yokuqaphela intela, zibalulekile ebhukwini lebhuloholi. Izenzo zikahulumeni ezifana nelebhuthi yentela neyaseMnyango wokukhokhisa intela zithatha izinhlelo ezisendleleni ezifanele, kodwa zidinga kakhulu izindawo zasemaphandleni.

Amagebe Ayisisekelo Ezindaweni Zasemaphandleni

Izakhiwo zezemishini zihlala zingalingani kulo lonke izwe. Nakuba i-Indiya yasemadolobheni icishe ibe nomphakathi wonke futhi ikwazi ukungena ngocingo, izindawo eziningi zasemaphandleni zisenezinkinga zokuxhumana nokungafundi kahle. Imali ekhokhelwa ngemishini kanye nentela exhunywe kuyi-intanethi elayinini. Imali ekhokhwayo idinga izinga elithile lokufinyelela kobuchwepheshe namakhono. Amabhange kanye nama-azomkhakha wezentengiselwano (BC) andisa ukufinyelela kwawo, kodwa amakhilomitha okugcina ahlala eyinselele. Iprojekthi kahulumeni izama ukuhlanganisa wonke ama-gameya e-pankchayat nezimiso zenkokhilensi eziphezulu ze-inthaneti, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwe-Aadhaar-ePS kusiza, kodwa izikhala ezingokokwayo ezithembekile. Ngaphandle kokuthola kohlelo lwezinombolo, izimfishishi yemishi yentela ingathinta abantu abaningi.

Ukwehluka Kwabantu Ngezinhlanga Ekutholeni Izimali

Abesifazane baseNdiya bayaqhubeka bebhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu ekufakeni amalungu omkhaya ngokwezimali. Ngokombiko we-Global Flousex, igebe lobulili, lapho beyimigqa, lihlala lisemaqophelweni amahlanu nayisithupha. Abesifazane abanamathuba amancane okuba nocingo, abanawo ukufunda okubhala ngemishini, futhi ngokuvamile abanakho ukulinganisela okungokomthetho okungokongadingekile ngokwezimali okuzimele kwamalungu omkhaya abesilisa. Isimiso sentela, esivame ukudinga ukukhokha intela ngasese, singaqinisa ngokungaqondisi le gebezo uma abesifazane bengakhuthazwa ukuba bagcine ama-akhawunti ahlukene futhi bafake inzuzo yabo siqu. Imithetho ehloselwe ukukhokhela intela ephakeme, njengentela ehhotela ehholweni ehlwini yeminye yabesifazane noma yezindawo ezihambelanayo, ingasiza ukuvala igebe yabesilisa.

Inselele yama-"Dormant" akhawunti

Isilinganiso esiphawulekayo se-akhawunti ye-Jan Dhan sihlala singasebenzi, okusho ukuthi abanazo izivumelwano phakathi nesikhathi esithile. I-Dormcancy ibonisa ukuthi nakuba i-akhawunti ivuliwe, ayisetshenziselwa ukulondolozwa kwemali, ukukhokhwa, noma ukuboleka. Lokhu kulinganisela inani le-akhawunti njengethuluzi lokufaka imali. Isimiso sentela singasiza ngokunikeza izisusa eziqhubekayo zomsebenzi wokulandisa, njengenzalo ephakeme yentela engenisa intengo ezivamile, noma ukuhlanganisa intela encane ukuze ikwazi ukulandisa. Ukuhlanganisa izisusa zentela ngeminxeba yebhanki elihambayo kunganciphisa ukubhalisa futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi ukukhokha okufeza injongo yazo.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Zokukhokha Intela

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kulungiswe izinselele eziphikelelayo, izimiso zentela zesikhathi esizayo kufanele ziklanywe ngenhloso ukuze zijulise ukufakwa kwemali.

Imininingwane Ehlasimulisayo Nenjongo Yokuhlasela

Umnyango wezentela oholayo ne-GSTN uyakwazi ukuthola ukwaziswa okuningi kakhulu kwezentengiselwano zezomnotho. Isebenzisa ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa kanye nokufunda ngomshini, le mininingwane ingahlaziywa ukuze kubonwe abantu abangahlali, baqonde ukuziphatha kwabo kwezimali, futhi bahlele imikhiqizo ehlotshisiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwaziswa okuphathelene nokubhalisa iGST endaweni ethile kungabonisa ukubhalisa kodwa futhi kwembule igebe ekuvaleni izimali. Amabhanki nama-acktech angasebenzisa le mininingwane ukuze abheke ekunyuseni amagatsha neminikelo yemikhiqizo yawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini ebikezelayo ingabona abantu abangase bazuze ezimfashinini ezithile zentela, okuzenza bakwazi ukudluliswa kwemali. Lendlela yokusebenza ye-data ekhutshelwe intela futhi ingenziwa ngokunenzuzo ngokwengeziwe.

Ukwenza Intela Ibe Lula Abakhokhi Bentela Abaphansi

Nakuba uhulumeni omusha wentela uye wenza lula futhi wanciphisa ukukhulula kwabanye, umthetho wentela uhlala uyinkimbinkimbi kubantu abathola imali ephansi okungenzeka abanazo izikhokhelo ezingochwepheshe zentela. Ukufakwa kwe-"Revolution" kubasebenzi bamafayili abanomholo noma iholo lempesheni kanye nezikweleti ezimbalwa eziye zasiza, kodwa ukuncishiswa kwentela okuqhubekayo kuyenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubuya okugcwele okuzenzakancane kusebenzise zonke izikweletu ezifanele nemali ebhange. Lokhu kunganikezwa bonke abantu abaholi nge-PAN ne-akhawunti yebhange.

Ukwandisa Izinga Lentela Ngezimali

Nakuba kukhona izisusa zokukhokha imali ngemishini, zinganwetshwa futhi zenziwe zibe yizisulu ezengeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, intela encane, ngenye indlela, intela ebolekisa abantu abangu-3,000 ngonyaka abathenga inombolo encane kakhulu ye-almetric nge-akhawunti yabo kaJan Dhan ingathuthukisa ukusetshenziswa okunenzuzo. Ngokufanayo, abathengisi abamukela imali kuphela ekhokhelwa isilinganiso esithile se-athority GST. Laba bahlongoza ukukhokha okufiselekayo kungavuza ukuziphatha okungokwezimali futhi babangele ukufunzela phambili kwezomnotho ezingenamali.

Ukuthutha Intela Ngezinhlelo Zezezimali Zokufunda

Amapulatifomu akhokhelwa intela angasebenza njengendawo yokuthinta imfundo yezezimali. Uma isakhamuzi sifakela ukubuya kwazo, zingaboniswa ukusikisela okusemthethweni kwemikhiqizo egciniwe, umshuwalense wempilo, noma ukuhlela umhlalaphansi, ngenzuzo ecacile yentela. Ithekisi lentela lingasebenza neRBI ne SEBI ukuze linikeze ulwazi olusemthethweni lwezezimali. Lokhu kungaguqula ishefu lentela yaminyaka yonke ibe ithuba lokugunyazwa kwemali esemthethweni, hhayi nje ukukhonzwa.

Ukuqinisa Ukuhlobana Phakathi Kokuthi Intela Ikhona Nokuthola Imali Yokuthenga

I-Accounter Agggegator sath, evumela ukubolekisana ngemininingwane yezimali (kuhlanganise nemininingwane yentela) kufanele kulinganiswe. Ngokuvumela ukuhlanganyelwa kweminxeba yentela ehambisana nemvume, i-GST ibuya, futhi izitatimende zebhange, i-AAnethiwekhi ingasiza ababolekisayo ukuba bahlole ukufaneleka kwemali kubantu abangawuqondisi umlando wesiko noma wokuthenga ngesikweletu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubanikazi bebhizinisi abancane, izisebenzi, nabalimi abaholayo abaholayo abangekho ngokwendlela yokukhokha intela. Ukuqinisa lo mxhumanisi kuyokwenza ukuba abangaphansi kwemali bangene bhayisekile, kugcwalise izinga eliyisihluthulelo lokuphatha imali.

Ukukhuluma Nezigebengu Zezinhlanga Ngomklamo Wentela

Imithetho yentela ingaklanyelwa ukunciphisa ukuhluka kwabesifazane. Ngokwesibonelo, imingcele ephezulu yemali egcinwe ngabesifazane, noma inzuzo yabesifazane abafaka izinzuzo zabo siqu, ingaba yikho ukuthatha igalelo elingokomthetho ngokwezimali. Uhulumeni futhi angayala ukuba okungenani owesifazane omdala oyedwa emikhayeni yonke embozwe yiPMSJDY abuye akhokhe intela ehlukile ukuze athole imvume yabesifazane ethile. Izimiso ezinjalo zingathinta ngokuqondile imingcele yokwakha evimbela abesifazane ukuba bahlanganyele ngokugcwele ezomnotho.

Isiphetho

Isimiso sentela saseNdiya siye sashintsha futhi saqala ukuhlanganisa intela yentela yezezimali njengendlela yokuqoqa imali ukuze sibe umshayeli ophambili okhokhelwayo ofakwayo wezezimali. Ngezisusa ezihloselwe ukuthengiselana ngemishini, ukuhhoxa intela, ukwenza ukuvunyelwa kweGST emabhizinisini amancane, nokuhlanganiswa nokudluliswa kwenzuzo eqondile, isimiso sentela siye sasiza ekungeni izigidi zezakhamuzi ezisontweni ezingokomthetho. Intuthuko ekutheni imali ikhona, ukukhokha imishini, nokukhokha isikweletwa yikhokha semali esemthethweni. Nokho, izinselele eziphikelelayo ezinjengokubalekela intela, inzuzo yezemali, izikhala zemali, ukulahlekelwa kwezemfundo, nokungahlangani kwabesifazane kudinga ukunakekelwa nokusungulwa kwemali.

Ikusasa lokufakwa kwentela efakwayo emalini lisebucikweni bobuchwepheshe obunenzuzo, obulula, nokuhlelwa kwezimiso ezisingatha izidingo eziqondile zomphakathi ohlalayo. Ngokuhlanganisa i-data yentela ngokuhlola kwemali, ukunikeza izisusa ezihloselwe ukukhokhelwa, nokusekela imfundo yezimali ezinqubweni zentela, uhulumeni angajulisa imiphumela yemizamo yayo yokukhokha intela. Isimiso sentela asisona isakhiwo esinezinkinga ezisemqokayo, kodwa siyithuluzi elibalulekile ekusebenziseni intela ebanzi. Njengoba i-Indiya iqhubekisela emgomweni wayo wokufakwa kwezimali emhlabeni wonke, ukusebenza okunengqondo kwesimiso sentela kuyoba seze kuqhubeke kusemkhakheleni, kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhula kwezomnotho kuzuzisa zonke izakhamuzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iholo noma indawo. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwesimiso sentela saseNdiya kuyaqhubeke ekuhleleni, futhi kuyoba nokuhleleka okunye kwezwe elinamandla kakhulu kwezentengo yeze.