Izikhungo zomphakathi zingaphezulu kakhulu kunezakhiwo ezinezikhungo zokuhlangana nezinkundla ze-basketball ezishaya amagumbi ezindawo ezihlala kuzo, i-hange elingokoqobo lapho kuxhumene khona, ukufunda, nokukhula. Lezi zindawo ezinemisebenzi eminingi zinikeza izikhungo ezilondekile zokuzilibazisa, futhi zisiza ekuguquleni abantu abahlukanisiwe ukuba babe amalungu omphakathi akhuthele, ababoshelwe. Kodwa, kulo lonke izwe, kusukela emadolobheni amatasa asemadolobheni kuya emadolobheni anokuthula, [[FLD: 0] izinzuzo zawo, izinselele, nezindlela zomphakathi ezidingekayo ziye zaboniswa ukunciphisa ubugebengu, ukuthuthukisa impilo yengqondo, nokwandisa ukuhlanganyela kwezemiphakathi.

Ziyini Izikhungo Zomphakathi?

Phakathi, izikhungo zomphakathi zinemisebenzi eminingi eklanyelwe ukukhonza izakhamuzi zendawo ethile. Zinikeza ngamabomu izinhlelo eziphansi noma ezikhululekile ezikhuluma ngemfundo, impilo, ukuzijabulisa, nokuhlobana nomphakathi. Ngokungafani namaqebelengwane azimele noma izikhungo zokuvivinya amalungu, izikhungo zomphakathi zisebenza nge-ethos, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kokuphatha kohulumeni bendawo, izinhlangano ezingazuzisi inzuzo, noma izimpande zotshani.

Lomqondo awumusha. Ukumisa izindlu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, njenge House yaseChicago, kwasungula umbono wesikhungo somphakathi sabafuduki nesigaba sokusebenza. Izikhungo zanamuhla ziye zashintsha ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zanamuhla [1] zinikeza amakilasi okufunda amanani, amapartry, ukusekela kwempilo yengqondo, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlanganisa izinhlelo zezokuxhumana [. Zikhonza zonke iminyaka yobudala, kusukela kubazali abadlala abantwana kuya kubantu abadala abafunda amakilasi okudla. Ezindaweni eziningi ezingaphansi kwe-owedentier, umphakathi usendaweni kuphela lapho izakhamuzi zingathola khona umtapolaye, i-computer labology, noma ngemva kokunakekela.

Umtapo womtholalwazi

Nakuba isikhungo ngasinye sisiza abantu bendawo ukuba babe nenani labantu bendawo, abaningi benza imisebenzi emine ebalulekile.

1. Ukungenela Nobudlelwane

Isizungu sesiye saba inkinga yempilo yomphakathi, nocwaningo oluhlanganisa ukwehlukana komphakathi nezingozi ezikhuphukayo zesifo senhliziyo, ukucindezeleka, nokuncipha kokuqonda. Izikhungo zomphakathi zilwa nalokhu ngokwakha izithuba zamaqhinga ukuze abantu bahlangane. Ukudla kwakusihlwa, ebusuku, amakomiti okuzithandela, nemihlangano yamadolobha inikeza amathuba amancane kakhulu omakhelwane okwakha ubungane. [FLT: 0] Lentsebenziswano yakha inhloko - dolobha yezenhlalo [[ [] ukwethemba kanye nokuhlala futhi kwenza imiphakathi iphephe futhi iqine ngokwengeziwe. Uma isikhukhula noma amandla edlulayo ihlasela, izakhamuzi ezihlangane kakhulu kule ndawo.

2. Izimiso Zokufundisa

Imfundo ebanzi iyinto ephawulekayo yemiphakathi echumayo. Izikomu zinikeza amakilasi e-GED prep, isiNgisi njengesesibini solimi (ESL), amashabhu ezezimali, nokuqeqeshwa kwekhompuyutha. Kubantwana, ngemva kwesikole sokufundisa ne-STEM igcwalisa amagebhugede ashiywe izikole eziphansi. Izindawo eziningi ezisebenza namakholeji endawo ukuze kuqhubeke kunikezwa izikweletu zemfundo noma iziqhano zomsebenzi. [[FLT: 0]] Izinhlelo zemfundo ephakathi zisusa izithiyo njengezindleko, ezokuhamba, futhi zisongela abantu abadala abahlala bekude nezimo zemfundo ezingokwesiko.

3. Imisebenzi Yokuzilibazisa

Ukuzivivinya kuyisisekelo sempilo enhle, futhi izikhungo zomphakathi zenza kube lula ukufinyelela. Amakilasi e-yoga, ama-yoga, amachibi okubhukuda, izikhungo zokudansa, kanye nokuhamba ngama-club kuhlanganisa iminyaka eminingi namakhono. Kubadala, amakilasi okuvivinya umzimba aphansi angavimbela ukuwa nokuhamba. Izinhlelo zokuzijabulisa zisebenza njengendawo engcono yokukhipha imidlalo yobusha [[, inciphisa amathuba emikhuba eyingozi nesolisayo, inikeza isikhathi sokuziphumuza esilawulwayo.

Izinkonzo zokusekela

Izikhungo eziningi zisebenza njengesitolo esisodwa esimisa izinkonzo zezenhlalakahle. Ngokuletha lemitholampilo ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, izikhungo zomphakathi zingasiza izakhamuzi ukuba zifake isicelo sokuthola izitembu zokudla, usizo lwezindlu, noma iMedicaid. Izindawo zezempilo zinikeza izivivinyo zamahhala zomfutho wegazi, isifo sikashukela, nokubona. Ezinye izindawo zinezikhungo ezinezikhungo zokudla, izikhungo zokusiza abantu abadinga usizo. Ngokuletha le micebo ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa, izikhungo zomphakathi zinciphisa ukuqhekeka okuvame ukudumaza abantu ekufuneni usizo. Lendlela yokusondela ilimaza imikhaya ngokukhethekile enkathazweni .

Izinzuzo Zezikhungo Zomphakathi

Uma isikhungo somphakathi sihlelwe kahle futhi sihlelwe kahle, imiphumela yamaza idlulela ngalé kwezindonga zaso. Nazi izinzuzo ezibhalwe phansi.

Ukuhlangana Okuthuthukisiwe Komphakathi

Izindawo ezihlukene ngokuvamile zilwa nokungathembani nokuhlukaniswa. Izikhungo zomphakathi zidiliza lemingcele ngokuveza okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlanganyelwayo. Umkhosi wezizwe, umsebenzi ohlangene wokwakha ingadi, noma inhlangano yezemidlalo exuba amazinga emali enzuzo nezinhlanga ithuthukisa umuzwa othi “thina.” Abantu abasebenzisa isikhungo somphakathi basengozini kakhulu yokuzenza bazinikele, babe khona emihlanganweni kahulumeni wendawo, futhi babe nomuzwa wokuba ngamalungu

Ukuhlanganyela Okwandayo Nokuhlanganyela

Izikhungo zisebenza njengesango elingokwemvelo lokuphila komphakathi. Zithatha izikhungo zokuvota, izinxuluma zokuvota, nokuhlanza indawo. Izakhamuzi eziza kuqala ukuba ziyofunda i-yoga yamahhala zingajoyina ibhodi lesikhungo noma ziphumele ehhovisi lomphakathi. Ngokunciphisa indawo yokungena ekuhilelekeni [, izikhungo zomphakathi zihlakulela iklasi ekhuthele ngokwengeziwe, eyaziwa kakhulu.

Ukufinyelela Emithonjeni

Ezindaweni ezingenisa imali encane, isikhungo somphakathi kungaba kuphela indawo ene-Wi-Fi, i-computer yomphakathi, noma umlindi wezincwadi. Lokhu kutholakala kwamanani kubalulekile ezisebenzisisweni zomsebenzi, ekufundiseni ngolayini, nasekuhlanganeni kwe-teleath. Izikomponi futhi zihlanganisa imikhaya nezinhlelo zangemva kwesikole ezingase zingakholeki. Lendlela isebenza kakhulu ekunqamuleni imijikelezo yobumpofu [.

Izinga Lokuphila Elithuthukisiwe

Ekugcineni, uhlelo ngalunye (ngoluthi luyindilinga noma indawo yokulwa ukudla okunomsoco). Izakhamuzi zibika ukucindezeleka okuphansi, izinxulumano eziqinile zomphakathi, nokwaneliseka okukhulu endaweni yazo lapho zikwazi ukuya ezindaweni zomphakathi ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Kwasebekhulile, isikhungo singabalekela ukuzihlukanisa futhi sigcine izingane ziphila isikhathi eside. Kubantwana, zenza indawo ephephile, ecebisayo lapho abazali besebenza. umphumela owengeziwe uyinhleko engcono, ejabulisayo. [

Kunikezwe Izinhlobo Zezinhlelo

Izikhungo zomphakathi eziphumelela kakhulu yilezo ezilalela izakhamuzi zazo futhi zivumelanise izinhlelo zazo nezinhlelo zazo.

  • Imisebenzi yezobuciko ne-Calture:[ Udwebo, izitsha zobumba, izifundo zomculo, izikhili zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, kanye namakilasi olimi. Lezinhlelo zithuthukisa ikhono lokwakha nokwenza izinto ngendlela engokwesiko, ngokuvamile eziphumela ekukhishweni kwemibukiso yomphakathi eyakha ukuziqhenya.
  • Isihe ne Wellness: isifo esingamahlalakhona esizilawula sodwa, amakilasi angaphambi kokubeletha, amaqembu okululama kwemithi, kanye “ukuhamba ngezenzakalo ze-doc”. Izikhungo eziningi zinezindawo zokuvivinya umzimba noma izikhungo zokuzivivinya ezivulekele bonke.
  • Izinhlelo zobuntwana: Ngalé kokunakekela okuyisisekelo ngemva kwesikole, izikhungo zinikeza ama-ackib, amaqembu empikiswano, ukuqeqeshwa kobuholi, nezindawo zokusebenzela amakholiji. Amakamu asehlobo agcina izingane zisebenza futhi zondlekile phakathi nezikhathi zesikole.
  • Izinkonzo zobungcweti: I-yoga yesihlalo, ubuchwepheshe obufundisa, izinhlelo zansuku zonke zokudla kwasemini, kanye nohambo lwansuku zonke. Uhlelo olucacisiwe lulwa ukuhlukana futhi lusekela ukuguga endaweni.
  • Intuthuko yomsebenzi: Ukuthatha amashabhu okubhala, izikhangiso zomsebenzi, ukuxoxa, nokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi emasimini anjenge-CNA, ubuciko bokulungisa i-culinary, noma ukulungiswa kwe HVAC. Lezinhlelo ziyindlela eqondile yokuhamba kwezomnotho.
  • Ukusekela komkhaya: amakilasi okufundisa ukukhulisa, amaqembu adlalayo asemncane, nokweluleka umkhaya. Ezinye izikhungo zinamabhange amanabukeni noma ukusakaza komntwana ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka ngokwezimali.

Izikhungo Zomphakathi Nentuthuko Yendawo

Isikhungo somphakathi esiqhakazile singaba injini yezomnotho nembangela yokuvuselelwa komphakathi. ithonya entuthukweni yendawo liqondile futhi lingaqondile.

Ukuthumba Izakhamuzi Ezintsha

Amanxusa ezindawo ngokuvamile aqokomisa izikhungo zomphakathi eziseduze njengendawo yokuthengisa. Imikhaya ifuna izakhiwo ezihambayo; ochwepheshe abasebasha bafuna indawo eseduze ngomuzwa womphakathi. Isikhungo esinezindawo ezinamachibi, imidlalo, kanye namakilasi ahlukahlukene angahlukanisa umgwaqo owodwa komunye. Iwuphawu lokuthi indawo ezungezile ithengiselwa izinga layo lokuphila.

Ukusekela Amabhizinisi Endaweni

Izenzakalo ezifana nezimakethe zabalimi, izikhangiso zobuciko, nezimoto zibonisa izinyawo ezisiza izitolo eziseduze kanye nezindawo zokudlela. Izikhungo futhi ziqasha indawo kumabhizinisi amancane(amakhasethi, izikhungo zokunakekela abahlali, noma abafundisi abaqeqeshiwe (ukuveza amathuba abizayo entengiselwano. yonke imali echithwa esikhungweni somphakathi inemiphumela egcwele [[ emkhakheni wezomnotho wendawo.

Ukukhuthaza Umsebenzi Wokuzithandela

Izikhungo zithembele kakhulu ezisebenzini zokuzithandela zokufundisa, ukuqondisa, ukuqondisa izenzakalo, nokuhola kwebhodi. Lokhu kuzinikela kokuzithandela kwakha amakhono, ukuphindela phambili, nezinhlangano zokuhlalisana. Izikhungo eziningi zisebenzisa izinhlelo ezihleliwe zokuzithandela eziqeqesha izakhamuzi ekuqondiseni amaprojekthi, ekukhulumeni komphakathi, nasekuhleleni umphakathi. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho ngokuvamile kuholela ekukhokheni umsebenzi noma indima yobuholi bomphakathi.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukusondelana Nothile

Izikhungo zomphakathi zingezinye zezindawo zomphakathi ezimbalwa lapho abantu abaneminyaka ehlukene, amazinga emali, nezizinda behlangana ngokwemvelo. Bangahlanganisa izinxushunxushu, ukuhwebelana ngokomthetho ebusuku, noma ukuqeqeshwa kokumelene nomthetho. Lokhu kuqinisa ukuqina komphakathi [ futhi kunciphisa “izinto ezihlukanisa imiphakathi.”

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nezikhungo Zomphakathi

Naphezu kwamandla azo amakhulu, izikhungo zomphakathi zisebenza ngaphansi kwemingcele ephikelelayo.

Ukusekela Izindaba

Izikhungo eziningi zomphakathi zithembele ezinkokhelweni ezihlukene zemali kahulumeni, iminikelo yomuntu siqu, kanye nezinhlelo. Uma izimali zikamasipala ziqine, izikhungo zivame ukuncitshiswa kuqala. Ngisho nemikhankaso ephumelelayo yokuxhasa izikhwama ingakhandla. ngaphandle kokuzinzisa, okungalindelekile, ukusekela imali [, izikhungo zilwa kanzima ukuhlela izinhlelo zesikhathi eside noma ukutshala inzuzo enkulu. Ezinye ziye zaphendukela ekutholeni izimo ezisebenzayo ezisebenzayo, ukuphuma ngaphandle kwendawo yemishado noma ukusebenzisela ihotela yenzuzo yezehhotela (*) kodwa lezo zifuna ukutshala imali ephambili nebhizinisi.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwemithombo Yezinto

Izindawo ezimbalwa zezisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe nezindawo ezanele azinamahlalakhona. Izikhungo eziningi zisebenza neqembu lezisebenzi zesikhashana ezisebenza kakhulu futhi ezikhokhelwa kancane. Izakhiwo zasebekhulile zingase zibe nophahla oluvuzayo, noma izindlu zangasese ezidilikile ezivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwemishini. Igumbi lemishini , i-projekthi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amanetha ebhayisekile, i-computer iklabhu enezi elidala. //i-acculobsss program ewuhlelo oludala. Ukusebenzelana namabhizinisi namayunivesithi endawo kungasiza, kodwa kudinga ukunikezela.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi

Ngisho nezinhlelo ezingcono kakhulu ziyahluleka uma kungekho muntu ozivezayo. Izithiyo zokuhlanganyela zihlanganisa ukungaqapheli, ubunzima bokuhamba, amahora anzima, noma ukungahleleki kwempucuko. Ezinye izakhamuzi zinomuzwa wokuthi isikhungo “asisingesabantu abanjengabo.” Ukuthula kuyinqubo eqhubekayo [ edinga ukufinyelelwa, ukuhunyushwa, nokulalelwa okuqotho. Iziko-mzimbe zihlola njalo ukuthi izinhlelo zabo ziyadinga yini futhi ziqede izithiyo ezinjengokubhalisa noma amaphepha.

Izidingo Ezishintshayo

I-Demographics ishintsha ngokushesha: ukuthutheleka kwemikhaya yabafuduki kungadinga izinkonzo ze-ESL kanye nezinguqulo; abantu asebekhulile bangadinga izinhlelo zempilo ezengeziwe. Umqedazwe we-COVOID-19 ophoqelelwe ukuba ujikeleze ku-odwa kuzinhlelo nasezindaweni zangaphandle. Izikhungo ezihlulekayo ukuzivumelanisa nobuntu zingasasebenzi. Ukuhlola komphakathi, imikhandlu yezentengiselwano, kanye nokulandelela ulwazi [ kudingekile ekuhlaseleleni impumelelo.

Izinqubo Zokuphumelela

Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, izikhungo eziningi zomphakathi zichuma ngokuthatha izindlela ezingcono kakhulu.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemali Ehlukene

Izikhungo eziqinile kakhulu zidala ingxubevange yokuxhasa ukuxhasa komphakathi, izinhlangano zezinhlangano, izinhlangano ezixhasa iminikelo, nenzuzo yazo siqu. Imikhankaso yokuzifaka kwabantu abaningi, ama-gala, kanye nokuqamba amalungelo amagumbi noma izinhlelo zokunezela zinganikeza iminikelo. Ezinye izikhungo zingamisa izinhlangano ezixhasa imali njenge United Way. [FLT:] A izimali ezihlukahlukene ziqinisekisa ukulahlekelwa yikho konke okusemzimbeni.

Ubuhlobo Obuqinile

Akukho sikhungo esingenza yonke into sodwa. Izindawo eziphumelelayo nezikole, imitapo, iminyango yezempilo, inzuzo, namabhizinisi endawo. Ubudlelwane nesibhedlela bungaletha ukuhlolwa okuhle; ukubambisana nenkampani yobuchwepheshe kunganikeza ama-laptop kanye ne-IT. [la maqembu abambisanayo] anwebeka futhi ahlanganyele izindleko [[, okwenza izinhlelo zikwazi ukusekela ngokwengeziwe.

Ukuhlela Imininingwane-oKranisi

Izikhungo ezithola inani labakhona, abathathi-mgomo, neziphumelezelo zomphakathi zingacwengisisa iminikelo yazo. Amathuluzi alula njengamaphepha angaphakathi ezimpawu, ukuhlola, kanye nemininingwane yohlelo yembula ukuthi yimaphi amakilasi athandwayo futhi lapho kukhona amagebe. isebenzisa le mininingwane ukulungisa izinhlelo[ ngokwesibonelo, ukunikeza isikhathi sekilasi samuva uma inani labekhona seliphansi ekuseni.

Ukuthungatha Okuhlanganisa Konke

Hambani niye lapho abantu bekhona: ukumisa amathebula ezindaweni zokudla, izitolo, nezitobhi zamabhasi. Sebenzisa izinto ezikhuluma izilimi kanye nemithombo yezindaba yomphakathi. Beka amalungu avivinywe ngomakhelwane noma “uletha umakhelwane”. Izisebenzi eziqeqeshela ukuncintisana kwempucuko. umgomo uwukwenza izakhamuzi zonke zizizwe zamukelekile [[ kusukela ngesikhathi zihamba ngomnyango.

Ikusasa Lezikhungo Zomphakathi

Njengoba umphakathi ushintsha, izikhungo zomphakathi kumelwe zivele zivele. Ubuchwepheshe bunikeza amathuba amasha, kodwa futhi nezinselele ezintsha. Izikhungo zakusasa cishe ziyoxuba izithuba ezingokomzimba nezingokoqobo. Izinhlelo ze-Hybrid . "lapho ikilasi le-yoga ligcinwa ngokulinganayo futhi ligeleze nge-inthanethi-nethi." isebenza ama-adrive noma abazali abanabantwana abancane. Amapulatifomu amanani anganweba isikhungo sifinyelele ngalé kwamahora asebenzayo, inikele amashadishidi aqoshiwe noma ukusekela izingxoxo ze-inthanethi.

Enye inqubo eyandayo “isikhungo esivaleleke kanye”, lapho izikhungo zomphakathi zihlangana khona nemitholampilo, imitapo yezincwadi, amabhange okudla, kanye nezikhungo zemisebenzi ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa. Lokhu kuhlangana kunciphisa ukungezwani kwezinhlangano eziningi zokuhamba. Kwamanye amadolobha, izikhungo zomphakathi ziklanywa njengengxenye yezindawo zokuthola izindlu ezixubeneyo, ziqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zakhele ukufinyelela ezinkonzweni.

Ukukwazi ukumelana nesimo sezulu futhi kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Izikhungo eziningi zifakwa ama-place asebenza ngemibhoshongo yelanga, amandla okusekela isisekelo, nezimiso zokufudumala kwamanzi ukuze zisebenze njengezipholisa noma izikhungo zokufudumala phakathi nezenzakalo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu. enkathini yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, isikhungo somphakathi singaba indawo yokusindisa ukuphila [.

Isiphetho

Izikhungo zomphakathi aziyona isisekelo sesisekelo sezindawo ezinempilo, ezihlangene. Zinikeza izingane izindawo zokufunda, asebekhulile ukuba bahlale bekhuthele, omakhelwane abazohlangana nabo, nemikhaya ukuze bathole ukusekelwa. Nokho, ukusinda kwazo kuxhomeke ekuxhaseni imali eyanele, ukuhola okunekhono, nokusekela umphakathi. Ngokutshala imali kulezindawo, ohulumeni bendawo, inzuzo, nezakhamuzi zingakha imiphakathi eqinile lapho wonke umuntu enethuba lokuchuma khona. Ubufakazi bucacile: uma sifaka imali ezikhungweni zomphakathi, sifaka imali kuso kanye isisekelo sokuphila kwendawo.

ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe ngethonya lezikhungo zomphakathi, imithombo yokucwaninga evela kuhlelo lwezokuzijabulisa nezobuzwe lwe-park Association, u-Annie E. Casey Foundation[ ushintsho lomphakathi, kanye nohlelo lwezimo ezithiyo ze-Atkhathi ye-Atkharty [[FLT:][FLT][FLT][9]][FLT][FLT]][FLT][FLT]][FLT][FLT]]