Amandla Esicelo: Indlela Imikhankaso Egunyazwe Ishintsha Ngayo Inqubo Yezakhamuzi

Izikhalo sekuyisikhathi eside zisebenza njengesisekelo sokuthembisana kwezakhamuzi, zinikeza izakhamuzi indlela ehlelwe kahle yokufaka izicelo zomphakathi ezenzweni zezombangazwe. Nakuba isicelo sodwa singavamile ukuwisa uhulumeni noma ukubhala umthetho, umsebenzi wemikhankaso ophumelela kakhulu: zishukumisa umbono womphakathi, zikhange ukuhlolwa kwemithombo yezindaba, futhi zakhe isimo sezombangazwe lapho ukungathathi hlangothi kungenakukhokhwa. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuhlola okumbalwa okungokomlando lapho isicelo esihleliwe sifaka khona ngokuqondile ezinguqulweni ezinengqondo endaweni ezungezile, ekufundiseni, ekunakekeleni impilo, ekunakekeleni, ekusebenzeni, nakweminye imikhakha.

Isibonelo ngasinye sibonisa indlela evamile: imfuneko ecacile, esebenzisekayo; ukuqoqwa okubanzi, okuhlangene; ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi emishini nangokwesiko; nokucindezela okuphikelelayo okushintsha inqubo yezombangazwe. Ukuqonda la makhenika kunikeza izifundo eziwusizo kubasekeli futhi kuqinisa ukusebenza okuhlala njalo kwezicelo ezimisweni yentando yeningi.

Umthetho Wendawo Ezungezile: Umkhankaso Wokusindisa I - Arctic

Ngo-2013, umfelandawonye ohlanganisa i-Greenpeace nezindawo zomdabu zase-Arctic wasungula isicelo esithi “Hlayisa i-Arctic”, ifuna ukufakwa kokumbiwa kukawoyela nemisebenzi yezimboni e-Arctic. Isicelo, esibekwe eziteshini eziningi, saqoqa izigqebhezana ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili emhlabeni wonke. Saba isici esiyinhloko somkhankaso omkhulu ohlanganisa ukuthatha isinyathelo esiqondile, izisulu zemithombo yezindaba (ezifana nezikhuthazo zokugada uwoyela), kanye nezindawo ezisekela ukuphakama kwe-prone.

Inkathi yomkhankaso yayifanelekile: izinkampani zikawoyela njengoShell noMatatinal (manje i-Equinor) zazilungiselela ukuhlola izindawo ezihlala ogwini ezindaweni ezizwelayo, futhi i-European Union yayihlola kabusha isimiso sayo se-Arctic. Isicelo sanikeza uphawu olucacile lokuthi abavoti kulo lonke elaseYurophu babemelene ngokuqinile nezingozi zokuchitheka kukawoyela emanzini agudle i-Phondo ethambe kakhulu. Nakuba isinqumo sasingahambisani, iPhalamende le-Eupal [FLY] ladlulisa isinqumo ngo-2014 sabiza ukuvinjelwa kowoyela kanye nokwakhiwa kwethempeli elivikelekile eNyakathotho. Nakuba i- Pole yayingenandawo eqinile, yahamba inkulumo yezombangazwe futhi yaholela ekutholeni izinhlelo eziqinile zendawo zanomaphi nayiphi inqubo yokubhola esikhathini esizayo.

Phakathi neminyaka embalwa, izinkampani ezinkulu zikawoyela zahlehla noma zalahla amapulani azo e-Arctic, zikhomba kokubili izici zezomnotho nokungaqiniseki okulawulayo. Lesicelo sasingekuphela kwembangela, kodwa sadala ukucindezela komphakathi okwenza ukuba ohulumeni banikeze imvume ezombangazwe. Ngo-2017, uhulumeni wase-Canada] wafaka futhi uhulumeni we-Calturadium [[ ku-Arctic emisha oyela olwembungwini lwamanzi nelayisensi, imfuno edinga ngokuqondile. Lokhu kubonisa indlela isicelo esinezelwe kahle ngayo inqubo yezizwe ngezindawo zemali ngokuhlanganisa umzwelo ngezibalo zikahulumeni eziyingozi.

Inguquko Yemfundo: Isicelo Sokuxhasa Imfundo

Ngo-2018, umfelandawonye wabazali, othisha, nabahleli bomphakathi eWashington State wakhipha isicelo se- “Fair Funding for Washington Schools”. Lesi sicelo safuna ukuba isishaya-mthetho siqede igebe lezimali eliphikelelayo phakathi kwezifundazwe ezicebile nezingaphansi kwezikole zasemaphandleni nasemadolobheni. Lo mkhankaso wakhula ngenxa yokukhungatheka kukahulumeni ngenxa yokuncika kwentela yendawo, okwabangela ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkulungwane zamaRandi kumfundi ngamunye.

Abahleli basebenzisa inhlanganisela yokuhlola umnyango wendlu ngendlu. Lomkhankaso futhi wahlanganisa iziteshi zezindaba zendawo, ezakha imicimbi yesikole, kanye nokukhangisa kwezezokuxhumana. Phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha, isicelo saqoqa izigqebhene ezingaphezu kuka - 150 000 [ — inani eliphawulekayo lempikiswano yesifundazwe esisodwa. Lomkhankaso wahlanganisa nezikhangiso zezindaba zendawo, ezaveza imibiko yokuhlola ebalaselisa amahlala njalo ezikoleni ezikhonza imiphakathi ephansi. Isicelo sathunyelwa kuhulumeni eOlympia ngocingo oludonsa izinkulungwane.

Ekuphenduleni, isishaya-mthetho seWashington State sadlulisa i-“Impumelelo Engakhokhwa'''''''''''''''''.'' ngo-2019, sandisa imfundo ngesilinganiso esicishe sibe ngu-R34 000 000 [iminyaka engaphezu kwemine]. Umthetho wanciphisa isigaba, wandisa izinhlelo zokufunda zakudala, futhi wanikeza ukusekela okwengeziwe kubafundi abadinga kakhulu. Isicelo senza ukuba lendaba ingabi nakwenzeka ngokubonisa ukuthi abavoti abakwemi bamaqembu bakhathalela imfundo e-coconty. Yanikeza futhi isilinganiso esicacile sokusekela umphakathi ukuthi abenzi bomthetho bangakhomba intela edingekayo ukuze kuxhaswe inguquko.

Lendaba ibonisa ukuthi izicelo zikahulumeni ezisesilinganisweni esiphezulu zingaphumelela kakhulu lapho zifuna imfuneko eqondile, engenakulinganiswa futhi zakhe isisekelo esibanzi sokusekela izimpande zotshani — ikakhulukazi uma kakade indaba isikhungathekile emphakathini. Ukunqoba futhi kwakhuthaza izingcingo ezifanayo kwamanye amazwe ezilwa nokuxhaswa kwesikole.

Umthetho Wezempilo: Isicelo Semithi Elula

Ukudayiswa kwamanani ezidakamizwa ezigunyaziwe kwaqala ukuhlelwa kwenani elikhulu kwezombangazwe e-United States ngasekupheleni konyaka ka-2020. Ngo-2020, iqembu lamaqembu eziguli ahlanganisa “ Ama-“Patences for Affordhable Drugs” [ inhlangano yasungula isicelo sesizwe esifuna ukuba uMkhandlu uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha entengeni yezidakamizwa. Isicelo esibizwa ngokukhethekile ukuba uvumele iMedicare ahwebe intengo yezidakamizwa, ikhiphe intengo yezidakamizwa engekho empahleni yezidakamizwa, futhi ivumele ukuthengwa kwemithi eshibhidlikile evela eCanada.

Lomkhankaso wasebenzisa izikhangiso ze-intshi, imikhankaso ye-imeyili, kanye nokubambisana kwabatholi ukuze baqoqe izignome ezinyangeni ezintathu. futhi waveza ubufakazi bomuntu siqu obuvela ezigulini eziphoqelelwe ukuba zinikeze i-insulin noma zidlulise ukwelashwa komdlavuza ngenxa yezindleko. Lezizindaba zahlanganiswa zaba umbiko odluliselwa kumalungu onke endlu ne-Gave. Isicelo saqondana nokukhala okukhulu komphakathi ngenxa yentengo ye-Epien trans translate nenhlekelele ye-opiojoid, okwandisa umphumela wayo.

Nakuba kungekho mthetho owodwa owamiswa ngokuphelele ohlangabezana nezimfuno zalesicelo, lomkhankaso waveza ukucindezela okwanele kwezombangazwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinyathelo eziningana zomthetho. Ngasekupheleni ko-2020, “ Izidakamizwa Ezigunyaziwe ezithi Pricing Reduction Act. zaphinde zabekwa eSigodlweni, zihlanganisa izinto ezinjengokwehla kwamandla emali kanye nesephu elise Medicaras Consureave’s of of-parect. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifunda eziningana zamisa imithetho yazo siqu yentengo yokukhanya, eshukunyiswa isicelo sesicelo sokulandisa okukhulu. Isicelo futhi sasiza abavoti abakhileyo abakhileyo impikiswano yezidakamizwa, ukuguqula indawo yezombangazwe ukuze kuthuthuke inguquko esikhathini esizayo.

Lendaba ibonisa ukuthi ngisho noma isicelo singafinyeleli izinguquko ezibanzi ngokushesha, singashintsha izimpikiswano futhi sisheshise intuthuko. Isihluthulelo kwakuyisidingo saso esikhethekile, esichazwe kahle nekhono lobumbano lokwenza indaba eyinkimbinkimbi.

Amalungelo Ezisebenzi: Isicelo Sezisebenzi Ezisebenza Ngezigebengu

Ukukhula okusheshayo kwezomnotho kwakha izisebenzi ezingatholanga kakhulu isivikelo semisebenzi esivamile njengeholo eliphansi, ikhefu eligulayo, nomshuwalense wokungasebenzi. Ngo-2019, umfelandawonye wabashayeli abahamba ngezabelo, izisebenzi ezithuthayo, nezinyunyana zezisebenzi zasungula isicelo se- i-“Fair Gig” [ eCalifornia, ifuna ukuba umthetho wezwe ulwenze izisebenzi zibe izisebenzi ezinezinzuzo. Isicelo safuna ukuba i-California Bill 5 (AB5).

Abahleli basebenzisa izinhlanganisela ezisekelwe kuyi-app, ukuthumelelana imiyalezo, nokuhlangana nge-operan ezikhumulweni zezindiza nasezindaweni zokuhambisa izindiza ukuze kubuthe izignome ezingaphezulu kuka-30 000 [. Lomkhankaso waphikisa ngokuthi izinkampani ze-gig zazizuza izisebenzi ezingaziqondi kahle futhi zigwema izindleko zezinzuzo. Lesicelo sasebenza njengethuluzi eliyinhloko lokubonisa ubunye bezisebenzi ezazingabaza ukuthi izisebenzi eziningi zazifuna ukuhlelwa njengezisebenzi.

Ngo-September 2019, i-AB-5 yadlula i-AV, yafaka ukuhlolwa okuqinile kwesimo sokuzimela sokwakha. Nakuba umthetho wabhekana nezinselele ezingokomthetho ezilandelayo nesilinganiso somthetho (Iprojekthi 22) eyayengamele izinkampani ezisekelwe kumthetho, isicelo sasinzima ekudaleni umfutho wokuqala wemithetho yezomthetho. Yabonisa ukuthi izisebenzi ezisebenzayo zingahlela ngokwezombangazwe, futhi yamisa isibonelo esilandelwa imithetho efanayo eNew York, Washington, nasemazweni amaningana aseYurophu. Isicelo saphoqanda izinkampani ze-gigg ukuba zixoxe obala, ezazizigwema ngaphambili, futhi zaveza ingxoxo yesizwe ngezokuvikela izisebenzi ezingoko manani.

Isifundo lapha ukuthi izicelo ezicatshangelwe ngokucubungula zinganqoba ukulandisa okuthi abakhangisi abasha bebhizinisi badinga izinhlobo ezintsha zokuxhashazwa. Ngokuguqula izikhalo zomuntu ngamunye zibe isidingo esihlanganyelwe, isicelo sashintsha abashayeli nezisebenzi zokuthutha abasebenzi abahlukene zaba ibutho lezombangazwe.

Isenzo Sesimo Sezulu: Umgomo ka - 1,5°C noMthetho Wesimo Sezulu Se - EU

Njengoba ukubhikisha kwemo yezulu yomhlaba wonke kwanda ngo-2019, umfelandawo ezungezile i-NGOS hlanganisa 350.org kanye noMngane woMhlaba wafaka isicelo sokunxusa i-European Union ukuba ifake i-nethi elifakwa entwaneni ngo-2050 kanye nokwehliswa okungu-65% ngo-2030 ngomthetho. Isicelo sahlotshaniswa uMthetho - Act ,” sathunyelwa eKhomishinini yaseYurophu nge-[FLT:] okungaphezulu kwesigidi 1 [FLT].

Umkhankaso owakhiwa ngamandla esikole saseFallday for Future Disease nethi Priesthoous’s Climate Convecters. Lesisicelo saveza umyalo ocacile womphakathi wemithetho yesimo sezulu esibalulekayo, okwenza kube lula ukuba ama-MEP aqhubeke ezama ukuphoqa izisulu. Ngo-2021, i-European Union yamukela umthetho we-Eupain Climate [[, owamisa umgomo ongokomthetho wokungathathi hlangothi ngenkathi engu-2050 ne-5% yesicelo sokunciphisa imfuno yezinga lokukhishwa kwezindawo ezibophaka. Nakuba isicelo se-656% singahlanganiselwanga ngokugcwele, umthetho wahlanganisa nenqubo yokulungisa ukufuna ukuvelela esikhathini esingaphezu kwe-2030.

Lelicala libonisa ukuthi izicelo zingathonya izindikimba ezingontandweni ngokuhlukanisa ukusekela okuphakathi kwemingcele. Isimo sezulu esifakelwe ekusebenzeni njengokwephulwa kwelungelo lezakhamuzi kuyiplanethi enempilo, ukufushaniswa kwezicelo ezathonya izimpikiswano ezingokomthetho ezilandelayo phambi kwe European Court of Human Rights. Kwabonisa futhi ukuthi izicelo zingaphelelisa ezinye izinhlobo zezenzo zobuProfethi, zinikeze isilinganiso sokusekela komphakathi okungenakungashalazelwa abenzi bemithetho.

Ukulawulwa Kwezibhamu: Ukusheshisa Izicelo Zokuphila Kwethu Nemithetho KaHulumeni

Ngemva kokudubula ngo-2018 eMarjory Stoneman Douglas High School eParkland, Florida, abafundi abasindayo bahlela umkhankaso “ WezeMpilo Yethu” [, owawuhlanganisa isicelo esifuna isayensi yendawo yonke, sikhuphula iminyaka emincane yokuthenga izibhamu ibe ngu 21, futhi sivimbele izikhali zokuhlasela. Isicelo [[FLT:] saqoqa izigno ze-'unyaka ezingaphezulu kuka-80 000] enyangeni yokuqala, sathunyelwa e-Creact. org.

Ukwethulwa okukhulu komphakathi — kanye noMhlangano weMibuthano Yethu Yokuphila Wethu kaMatshi owadonsa izigidi emhlabeni wonke — kwabangela ukucindezela okukhulu kuhulumeni nakuhulumeni abakhiqizi bomthetho. Nakuba iSishaya-mthetho singawudluli umthetho kahulumeni ogcwele wezemfundo, isicelo kanye nezenzo ezihlangene ne-activiny zanikela ngokuqondile ekudluleni kwemithetho yesivikelo sezibhamu engaphezu kuka-50 ye-2018 kuphela, kuhlanganise nemithetho ebomvu e-flagn, ikhuza izivivinyo zesizinda, futhi ilinde. IFlorida ngokwayo yadlula i-Marjory Stonelton High School Public Safety Safety Act, eyaphakamisa ukuthenga izibhamu ze-mage 21 ze-odgit, futhi yaveza isikhathi sokulinda esivinjiwe.

Leli cala liqokomisa ukuthi imikhankaso yokufuna izimemezelo ezithile zomthetho ingaveza imiphumela esobala ngisho nalapho i - jaup no - Algavior beqhubeka.

Ukungathathi - hlangothi Ngakunye: Ukungasifaki Isicelo Se - Internet

Ngo-2017, i-Federal Commissions Commission (FCC) ngaphansi kwe-Chairman Ajit Pai yahlongoza ukuqeshisa imithetho yokungathathi hlangothi evimbela abaxhaswe nge-internet ekuvimbeleni noma ekuhlobiseni okuqukethwe yi-injini. Ekuphenduleni, iqembu le-adoctivey [ Ukulwa kwekusasa [ kwasungula ukukhipha i-'i-i-inthanethi ye-inthanethi"[[[FTLT:3]] ukunxusa ukuthi i-intembelo ye-FC igcine i-ExC i-Octal-URD.

Naphezu kwenani elingokomlando lezinqhinga, ngoDecember 2017 i-FCC yavotela ukuthatha i-net ye-patting emgceni. Nokho, isicelo saba nethonya elide: sahlanganisa izigidi zabantu abaqhubeka becindezela uKhongolo. Ezinyangeni ezilandelayo, izifundana eziningana zadlulisela imithetho yazo yenetha yazo, futhi isicelo sasiza ekusekeleni umphakathi “ gcina i-Internet Act” [ eNd Houses of the Servement, eyadlula ngo-2019 kodwa yagcinwa eSigedeni. Isicelo futhi sanikela ekutheni inetha lokungathathi hlangothi ekuchazeni uhlawulo lwama 2020, kanye nomongameli uPreatortive FC uPreaccoms ebophe ukubuyisela imithetho.

Nakuba isicelo singakuvimbelanga ukunqanda impi, sadala ukujezisa okukhulu okwaphoqelela abenzi bemithetho ukuba baphinde bahlole lendaba. Ngo-2024, i-FCC yavotela ukubuyisela imithetho yokungathathi hlangothi kwenethithi. Lelicala liyisikhumbuzo sokuthi izicelo zinganqoba impi kodwa zinqobe ngokukha umbuso wezombangazwe wesikhathi eside.

Izisusa Zokunxusa: Lokho Okwambulwa Ukuhlola Kwecala

Ukuhlola lemikhankaso ehlukahlukene kwembula amasu amaningana aphindaphindayo andisa amathuba okuba isicelo sishintshe isimiso.

Izidingo Ezicacile, Ezisebenzisekayo

Isicelo ngasinye esiphumelelayo sasinenombolo ethile eqondile — inombolo yemali, ukuvota kwemithetho. UVague ufuna “ukwenze okuthile ngo-X” akuvamile ukuzuza inzuzo. Isicelo se-Arctic sasifuna i-moratium; isicelo semali yesikole sokutshala imali ethile eyandayo. Abaphathi besikole badinga ukwazi ukuthi yini ngempela abayicelwayo ukuze basekele.

Isakhiwo Esiwusizo Nesemicikilisho Edingekayo

Izikhalo ziphumelela kakhulu lapho zivumelana namafasitela ezombangazwe akhona — njengesimiso esisazolandela somthetho, inkathi yokukhulumela, noma isikhathi sokukhathazeka komphakathi okwandayo (njengangemva kwenhlekelele). imikhankaso engcono kakhulu yakha imifelandawonye engaphezu kwabashisekeli abavamile: abazali, amaqembu ezamabhizinisi, abaholi benkolo, nosaziwayo bandisa ukukhanga kwemfundo, isimo sezulu, kanye nezicelo zokulawula izibhamu.

Ukuthuthwa kwamanenja aneziteshi eziningi

Izicelo ze-inthanethi zodwa azivamile ukwanela. Imikhankaso ephumelela kakhulu ehlangene nokusayina i-intanethi: imibuthano yemibuthano, izenzakalo zezindaba, ukuhanjelwa izicelo zomuntu siqu. Isimemezelo sezisebenzi esisetshenziswa ekuthumeleni imiyalezo nakumibuthano engokoqobo ezikhungweni zezokuthutha; isicelo sezidakamizwa sidlulisela izindaba zomuntu siqu kubamisi-mthetho. Lendlela exubile iveza ubufakazi obungokwenhlalo futhi ibonisa ukuzimisela.

Ukuhileleka Kwemithombo Yezindaba Nokuphoqelela

Izicelo ezikhuthaza abantu ukuba bakhulume zikhanga abezindaba, ezibangela ukuba kutholakale isidingo esingaphezu kwesisekelo sokusayina.

Ukuphikelela Nesikhathi eside Kulandela Ngaphakathi

Amacala amaningi angenhla athatha iminyaka eminingi ukuze afinyelele imiphumela. Isicelo sokungathathi hlangothi se-FCC asiyimisanga i-Fpeal kodwa sabeka isisekelo sokubuyiselwa ekugcineni. Abahleli abanxusayo kudingeka babheke umkhankaso wabo njengengxenye yokuhamba isikhathi eside, hhayi isenzakalo esisodwa. Ukuqhubeka bevuselela izigqwimba, ukuphishekela izinselele ezingokomthetho, nokusekela abazocela ukukhokha izicelo kunweba isikhathi sokuphila.

Isiphetho: Indima Ehlala Njalo Yezicelo Emzabalazweni Wentando Yeningi

Lokhu kuhlola kubonisa ukuthi izicelo ziseyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlanganyela nokwenza izinguquko emphakathini.

Kulenkathi yokuqoqwa kwemishini, abaceli bezicelo baye bashintsha, kodwa isimiso esiyisisekelo sisalokhu sikhona: uma izakhamuzi ezanele zikhuluma kanye ngesidingo esiqondile, esisebenzisekayo, zishintsha. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umgomo uvikela i-Arctic, izimali ezikoleni, ukwehlisa amanani ezidakamizwa, noma ukuvikela amalungelo emishini, izicelo zinika abantu amandla okugcina izinhlangano zinecala. Ukukhuthaza nokusekela isicelo esihlelwe kahle akulona nje icebo — kuyisisekelo sezokubusa okuphilile, okunenzuzo.