Indima Yezimemezelo Zokuzikhethela Ekukhetheni Ukuziphatha Okuhle

Ukwethembeka kokhetho kuyisici esiyinhloko sokubusa kwentando yeningi. Lapho izakhamuzi ziphonsa amavoti azo, kumelwe zithembe ukuthi zonke izivoti zibalwa kahle, ukuthi akukho qembu noma ummeli othola inzuzo engadingekile, futhi yonke le nqubo ibonisa intando yabantu. Amakhomishane okuvota asebenza njengabagcini balokho kuphathiswa. Lemikhandlu, eklanyelwe ukusebenza ngaphandle kokulawulwa kweziphathimandla, i-ganotion, noma ithonya lomthetho, isebenza ngokulawula zonke izigaba zenkokeli zenkokeli, kusukela ekubhalisweni kwemvume yokugcina. Njengoba i-democraficrafiki ezindaweni ezibhekene nezingcindezi ezintsha ezibhekene nokwelungiso olusha kusuka ekususeni i-preuntation, nokushintsha kwezentengo yezombangazwe, indima yezisebenzi ezizimele ayikaze ibe yindidangakaze kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuthi lemisebenzi ezenza izikhululweni, imisebenzi ebalulekile, izenza futhi zinqobe kanjani, njengoba izikhali ezizenza futhi zikwazi ukuvolwa ngokukhetha okulungile.

Ukuchaza Inkululeko: Akuyona Into Ebalulekile

Ikhomishane ezimele ayiyona nje inhlangano kahulumeni esingatha ukhetho. Inkululeko yangempela idinga ukwakhiwa, imali, kanye nokuzibusa. Ikhomishane kumelwe ivikelwe ngokomthetho noma ngokomthetho ekususweni noma ekuqondisweni yiqembu elibusayo. Amalungu ayo kufanele amiswe ngenqubo ekhanyayo, enezikhundla eziningi, cishe ehilela ikomiti yejaji noma i-palementary. Ngokuqhubekayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-arhente imelelwa ngokwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ammessanti kumelwe ilawule izimali zayo, izisebenzi, kanye nezinqumo, ngaphandle kwe-politiki. Ngaphandle kwalezi zisivikelo, ikhomishane ingaba ithuluzi lokulawula i-galelo elinobulungisa.

Umtapo womtholalwazi Wezikhombi Zokhetho

Ikhomishane ezimele yenza imisebenzi eminingi ethinta zonke izici zomjikelezo wokhetho. Lemisebenzi iklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhetha akukhona nje okukhululekile nokulungile kuphela kodwa futhi akunakukhetha okungagwegwesi futhi kudinga ukukholeka.

Ukuphathwa kohlelo lokubhalisa kanye noluhlu

Ukugcina ubhaliso olunembe nolubanzi lwe-vota kusekelwe. Amakhomishane aqondisa ukubhaliswa okuqhubekayo kwezakhamuzi ezifanele, ukususa noma ukuvota abafile, futhi aqinisekise ukuthi akekho okhishwayo nephutha. Futhi asebenzisa izimiso zokubhalisa nge-intanethi, amayunithi okubhalisa ahamba-hambayo, kanye nokufinyelela emiphakathini eqedwe ngokwezinga eliphansi. Ngokwesibonelo, i- Commission yokhetho yase-Indiya[[ iqhuba ukubukeza nokubhalisa okuphindiwe njalo kanye nezicelo ezikhethekile, ifaka izigidi ze-vociota ezintsha unyaka ngamunye.

Ikhandidi lokuxhumana kanye nokufinyelela kwe-Ballot

I-Commission imisa imithetho yokuthola imvume, kuhlanganise nobudala, ubuzwe, nokuhlala kwabantu. Ithola futhi iqinisekiswe amaphepha okuhloba, isingatha ukuphikisa, futhi iqinise ukuthi yimaphi amagama avela kumshini wokubhalisa. Emazweni amaningi, ilawula futhi ukudalulwa kwezimali zezezimali, ifuna abazokudla futhi amaqembu ukuba babike iminikelo nezindleko. Lo msebenzi usekela ngokuqondile futhi uvimbela ithonya elingafanele lemali kwezombangazwe.

Imisebenzi Yosuku Lokukhetha

Ngosuku lokuhlola, ikhomishane inomthwalo wokuthumela izinto zokuvota, iziteshi zokuvota, ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala (kuhlanganise nabavoti abakhubazekile), nokugcina ukuhleleka. Bamisa izinqubo zokuvota, kuhlanganise nokuvota kwasekuqaleni, ukuphuma kwe-collet, nokuvota ngemishini lapho kusetshenziswa khona. Izingqapheli zezinhlangano zezombangazwe, umphakathi, kanye nezindikimba zomhlaba wonke ziyanikezwa futhi zinikezwe ithuba lokuhlola imicimbi.

Bala Umthamo Nokujikeleza Kwezwe

Ngemva kokuhlola, ikhomishane yengamela ukubalwa kwamavoti. Lokhu kungenzeka eziteshini zokuhlola lapho kukhona abaphathi beqembu, noma ezikhungweni ezithatha indawo ephakathi. Ikhomishane kumele ivikele ukudluliswa kwemiphumela, iqinise ingqikithi, futhi ixazulule noma yikuphi ukuphikisana. Ukuqiniseka komphakathi kuxhomeke ekubonakaleni kwalenqubo ngokulinganayo, ngokugobhoza, ukubekwa kwemiphumela engxenyeni ngayinye, kanye nokuncintisana okuzimele.

Isinqumo Sempikiswano Engokwesayensi

Ikhomishane yokuzimela ivame ukusebenza njengeyokuqala yezikhalazo ezihlobene nokhetho. Ihlola imibiko yokwesatshiswa kwamavoti, ukuthuthwa kwemibhoshongo, noma ezinye izinto ezingekho mthethweni. Ingayala ukuba kuphinde kungcoliswe emagcekeni athintekile, abafowe ukuba bangakufanelekeli ukuphula imithetho, futhi babeke izijeziso emicimbini ephula imithetho yezezimali. Izinqumo zabo zifanelwe ukubukezwa kokwahlulela, kodwa igunya labo lokuqala lokuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha libalulekile ekulondolozeni ukholo kule nqubo.

Isizathu Sokuba Kube Nezindaba Zokuzibusa: Ukwakha Ukwethenjwa Komphakathi

Impahla eyigugu kakhulu engatholwa yithemba levoti. Ikhomishane ye-endependent ibekwe ngokukhethekile ukuze yakhe lokho kwethenjwa. Uma abavoti bekholelwa ukuthi umkhokhi akakhethi, bathambekele kakhulu ukwamukela umphumela, ngisho noma umvoti wabo abamthandayo elahlekelwa. Ngokuphambene, uma ikhomishane ibhekwa njenge-proclate noma ibuthakathaka, lonke ukhetho luyasuswa.

Ukunciphisa Ithonya Lezombangazwe

Emazweni amaningi, uhulumeni ophethe unakho kokubili isisusa nezindlela zokulawula okhetho. Ikhomishane ezimele isebenza njengobukhulu obuphikisanayo. Ngokulawula ukubhalisa kwevoti, umklamo webhola, nokubekwa kwesiteshi sokuhlola, kungavimbela ukunqanda ukuvota, ukucindezelwa komvoti, nokunye ukusetshenziswa kabi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-United Kingdom’s Electoral Commission [ isebenza ngengalo ubude bengalo kuhulumeni futhi iye yaphumelela ekunqandeni imizamo yokuguqula imithetho yokuvota ukuze kuzuze i-RGB.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukubona Izindawo Ngokubona Okusobala Nokulandisa

Ikhomishane ye-openOffice ingaphansi kwezindinganiso eziphakeme zokukhanya kunezinhlangano zikahulumeni ezivamile. Inyathelisa imibiko eningiliziwe, ivule imihlangano yayo emphakathini (noma okungenani ezibukelini), futhi iphendule inkululeko yezicelo zokwaziswa. Lokhu kuthulula izikhundla kwenza umphakathi wezembutho, imithombo yezindaba, kanye nabaqondisi bezizwe zonke ukuba bahlole izinqumo zabo futhi bazenze balandise.

Ukuvumelana Nemithetho Yase - Elector

Ngaphandle kwemithetho ephoqelelayo enamandla, imithetho kagesi imane nje isikisela. Ikhomishane yezikhulu inegunya lokuhlola ukuphulwa kwemithetho, ukuphoqelela intela, nokubhekisa amacala ekumangalelweni ngecala lobugebengu. Futhi banikeza isiqondiso nokuqeqeshwa emabuthweni ezombangazwe ngemithetho yezezimali, imingcele yokukhangisa, kanye nokuziphatha okuhle.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nezimemezelo Zokukhetha

Naphezu kwendima yazo ebalulekile, izinhlangano ezizimele zilwa nezithiyo eziphikelelayo ezingase zizenze zingaphumeleli.

Ukuhlangana Nokumiswa Kwezombangazwe

Emazweni amaningi, inqubo emisa amalungu ekhomishane ilawulwa umqondisi weqembu elibusayo. Lokhu kungaphumela ekukhonzweni okuthembekile kuhulumeni kunomthetho-sisekelo. Ngisho nalapho kukhona ukukhululeka okungokomthetho, ukucindezela kobuqili (_ngoba kunqunywa imali, imikhankaso yokuhlanekezela, noma izinsongo zokuxoshwa kweqembu elinamalungu ayisithupha, noma izigqebhezana zokudedela ukugoba kuwesa kwentando yezombangazwe. FEDAL EC Commission (FFLC)[FLT] eUnited States, ngokwesibonelo, iye yagxekwa ngenxa yokufa kwentambo ekhuntiwe yisigaba sayo sesigaba saso esiyisithupha, ngezihlalo ezintathu ezigcinelwe iqembu ngalinye elikhulu, eliholela emdlalweni ye-droult.

Ukungatholi Imali Nemithombo Yamandla Efanele

Ukuthatha ukhetho kuyabiza. Imishini idinga imali yokunyathelisa amavolontiya, izisebenzi ezikhokhayo, izimoto eziqashayo, igcine izimiso zokuvota, nokuqhuba imfundo. Uma uhlelo lwemali lunqanyulwa, izinkubela zokuqala ziwukulawula nokuqondisa okuhle. Kwamanye amazwe asathuthuka, amakhomishane aphoqelelwa ukuba athembele ekuxhaseni imali enikezwayo kwamanye amazwe, okungaphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nobukhosi nokusekelwa.

Ukuqaphela Umphakathi Nemfundo Yesibalo

Izakhamuzi eziningi aziqondi indima yekhomishane yokuvota. Zingase zingazi ukuthi zingakuhlola kanjani ukubhalisa kwazo, ukuthi zingavota kanjani, noma ukuthi zingasifaka kuphi isikhalo. Ikhomishane engenamacebo aqinile okuxhumana ifaka umphakathi engozini yokulahlekelwa ukwethenjwa, ikakhulukazi uma ukwaziswa okunganembile kusakazekela yonke indawo. Imikhankaso yemfundo ephumelelayo, esebenzisa izilimi eziningi nezindlela, ibalulekile kodwa ngokuvamile ingaphansi kwezimiso.

Ukushintsha Kwezobuchwepheshe Okusheshayo

Imishini yokuvota, ukubhalisa nge-inthanethi, nokudluliswa kwemishini kwabangelwa yi-efficiencies kodwa futhi kusungulwa ama-projekthi ama-computer amasha. Ama-omission kumelwe aqhubeke elungisa i-process amaqembu awo ahlukene nge-computer, i-software yama-bit, i-software ye-bit, nezikhulu zokukhetha izitimela. Ukuhluleka kobuchwepheshe kanye noma ukucutha kungabangela ukungabaza ngakho konke ukukhetha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bungandisa ukuhlukanisa, ukuhlukanisa asebekhulile, amakhaya, noma ukukhipha abambalwa abavoti abavoti uma bengalawulwa kahle.

Ukungavumelani Nokuhlangana Kwamazwe Angaphandle

Kulenkathi yezokuxhumana, ukulandisa okungamanga okuphathelene nokukhwabanisa kokhetho noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-collet kungasakazeka ngokushesha kunezinguquko ezingokomthetho. Amakhomishane azimele kumelwe alwe nokungakhululeki lapho elwa nokukhuluma ngenkululeko. Kungase kudingeke ukuba asungule amaqembu asheshayo, ahambisana nezinhlangano ezihlola iqiniso, futhi asebenzise imikhondo yazo siqu yezokuxhumana ukuze asuse futhi alungise izinkulumo ezingamanga. Lokhu kudinga amakhono okuxhumana asemthethweni amaningi asawaswele.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Imishini Yokuzibusa Iyasebenza

Ukuhlola izibonelo zangempela zezwe kuyasiza ukuveza ukuthi yini esebenzayo(nento engasebenzi) ekuphishekeleni ukhetho olulungile.

IKhomishane Yokukhetha YaseNdiya (ECI)

I-ECI ibhekwa kabanzi njengenye yezindikimba zabalawuli be-volution ezinamandla kakhulu neziphumelelayo emhlabeni. Imiswe ngaphansi koMthetho-sisekelo waseNdiya, isebenza nomphathi oyedwa (owake waba ilungu leqembu elihlukene kuze kube ngo-1991,) futhi ibuyele elungiselelweni elibanzi ngo-1993. I-ECI yengamele ukhetho lweLok Sabba (indlu ephezulu), i-ogastions, isifunda isifunda isifunda somthetho, kanye namahhovisi kaMongameli noMongameli oyedwa. Igunya lokubhalisa amaqembu ezombangazwe, ukunikezela izimpawu, ukuphoqesha i-Model Sce Codences Codey of Pome, futhi ngisho nokuhlehlisa ukhetho ezimweni zomthetho nokuwohloka kohlelo. Naphezu kwesilinganiso esikhulu sezigidi ezingu-900 (awezigidi ezingu-90) ezibhaliswe, iziteshini eziqongweni zokuhlola ze-ECI eziqondliwe kakhulu, isilinganiso esiphambili sengxenye sayo sokusebenzisa imishini esetshenziswa kakhulu kwemishini esetshenziswa njengemishini.

IKhomishane Yokhetho (FeC) YaseUnited States

I-FEC iyinhlangano ezimele yokuqondisa nokumisa imithetho yezezimali kahulumeni ephethe futhi ibeke imithetho yezezimali. Yakhiwa amakhomishane ayisithupha amiswe nguMongameli futhi aqiniswa yiSigele. Ngokomthetho, abakhomishane abathathu abangabelungu beqembu elifanayo lezombangazwe. Nakuba beklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukulinganisela kwe-bipartisting, lesi sakhiwo siye saholela ekushayweni, ikakhulukazi phakathi nenkathi yengxabano yezombangazwe. I-FEC iye yagxekwa ngenxa yokuhluleka kwayo ukukhipha izijeziswa kwemithetho yezephula umthetho, njengoba idinga okungenani amavoti amane. Igunya le-omishini awengamele ukubhalisa izimali mayelana nokuvota kwevota, ukuvota, noma ukubala, okuphathwayo ngezikhathi zezwe namahhovisi endawo yendawo. Lesimiso sokuvota okuhlukene singadala izindinganiso ezihlukene ezweni lonke.

Izithunywa EzinguMbuso Ohlangene

Idalwe yi-Protical Parties, i-Eferendends and Referentums Act 2000, i-UK’s Electoral Commission iyi-Electal ye-octive esemthethweni ePhalamende. Imisa izindinganiso zokuqondisa ukhetho, ibhalisela amaqembu ezombangazwe, ibhekisa izinkonzo, inikeza isiqondiso kumthetho wokhetho, futhi inikeza nesiqondiso kumthetho wokhetho. Iqhuba nocwaningo ngokuthatha inxaxheba futhi iluleka uhulumeni ngezindaba ezifunyanisiwe nezinqumo zomngcele. I-arhenterry yavivinywa phakathi no-2014 ye-Ecossendium ne-EUEM ikhomba i-ntelo ye-yo, lapho ikwazi ukuphatha ngempumelelo imikhankampaneze kakhulu naphezu kokucindezela okukhulu kwezombangazwe. Ikhomba kakhulu ekubonakaleni kwayo futhi izimisele ukuveza obala ukufinyelela kwayo, ngisho nalapho iphoxane uhulumeni.

IKhomishane Yokuzimela Embusweni Wentando Yeningi Ongalawuleki: Izifundo Ezivela EKenya

I-I Independent Electoral and Bouples Commission (IEBC) yeKenya iye yabhekana nezinselele ezinkulu, kuhlanganise nemiphumela yokukhetha eyaphikiswana eyabangela ubudlova bangemva kokukhetha ngo- 200720088 no-2017. Ngemva kokudluliswa kwemiphumela ka 2007, i-IEBC yavuselelwa kabusha ukuze ihlanganise izikhungo zobuchwepheshe eziningi nezindawo zokuzigcina ziqinile. Ngo-2017, iNkantolo ePhakathi Ephezulu yaseKenyaweni yasusa imiphumela yokukhetha umongameli, iveza ukungahleleki kwemiphumela ye-IEBC, futhi iveza ukuvuma kwemithetho yomthetho okubonisa ukuzimisela ukuphatha isibopho. IEBC ekugcineni yathatha ukhetho olusha, okwamukelwa kabanzi. Isihluthulelo samukela iziphumo zokuhlola nokulinganisela, iziphumo eziqhubekayo zezokuphatha umphakathi nomphakathi.

Izindinganiso Nemikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yomhlaba Wonke

Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ziye zasungula izinqubo zokuqondisa umklamo nokusebenza kwezinhlangano zokukhetha ezizimele. Internationalpoint Institute for Democracy and Electoral Application [International IDEA] neZizwe Ezihlangene ziye zanyathelisa izimiso zokulawula i-volution ngokuphumelelayo, kuhlanganise:

  • [[I-FLT:0] Inkululeko: isivikelo somthetho-mthetho ekususweni ngokungeyomfuneko.
  • ukulondeka kobuntwana: amagama alungisiwe, angavuselelwe ukuze amakhomishane awavikele ekucindezelweni kabusha kokhetho.
  • ukukhululeka kwezezimali: Iphalamende eliqondile noma imifudlana yemali enikezelwe.
  • Izisebenzi zomsebenzi: Ukujoyina i-Mit, ukuqeqesha, nokuqhubekela phambili emsebenzini.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Umthetho: uvula imihlangano, ukwambulwa komphakathi kwezinqumo, nezindlela zokuhlola.
  • Ukungavumelani: Ukufinyelela kwabesifazane, amaphaphu, abantu abakhubazekile, namaqembu aphansi.
  • ukugcinwa komsebenzi: izinqubo zangaphakathi zobuqondisi, kuhlanganise nokubukeza kokwahlulela.

Ukunamathela kulezi zindinganiso kusiza ekumelaneni nokucindezela kwezombangazwe futhi kuletha okhethweni bonke abaphethe abangabethemba.

Ukuzibopha Okuqinisa Ikusasa

Izikhulu kumelwe ziqhubeke zifaka imali ezinkampanini zazo zokulawula i-votor. Lokhu kudlulela ngalé kokuxhasa ngemali, − kudinga intando yezombangazwe nokuvumelana kwezenhlalo ukuthi ukhetho lwabantu, hhayi olwalabo abaphethe. Ukutuswa kwezimemezelo eziqinisayo kuhlanganisa:

  • Ukuhlela izinqubo zokuhlela ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwengxenye ephambanayo nezimfanelo zobuchwepheshe.
  • Ukuhlela imali yeminyaka eminingi [ engavumelani nezingxoxo zezombangazwe zaminyaka yonke.
  • Ukubhalisa i-office ezimele ukuze izisebenzi eziphezulu zivimbele ukusekela.
  • ihlela zonke izigaba zenqubo yokukhetha, kuhlanganise nomthombo wemibhalo yezimiso zogesi.
  • Ukunweba imfundo yamavoti ukulwa nokungatholi ulwazi nokwandisa ukuthatha isinyathelo.
  • Ukubambisana kwezizwe zonke [ ukuhlanganyela imikhuba emihle kakhulu nokuthuthukisa izindinganiso zokungalondeki kwe-inthanethi.

Isiphetho

Amakhomishane okuvota okuzimela akuwona amakhomishane entando yeningi acebile; ayisidingo sanoma yiliphi izwe elifuna ukwenza ukhetho oluthembekile. Ngokuqondisa ukubhaliswa kovoti, ukumiswa kwemigomo, ukumiswa kwemali, ukuhlolwa, ukuhlaziywa, nokuphikiswa kwesinqumo, lezi zikhungo zisebenza njengabaxhasi abangathathi hlangothi abawenza uphumelele. Zivikela ekuphathweni kwentando yeningi, ukwakha ukuthenjwa komphakathi, futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi umphumela ubonakalisa intando ethandwayo ngempela. Kodwa ukuzimela akuzukuzukuzuzwa unomphela. Izakhono zezombangazwe zivivinya imingcele, futhi zisongela ukuphumelela. Izakhamuzi, umphakathi wesizwe, nomphakathi wezizwe zonke kumelwe zihlale ziqashe. Ngokusekela izinhlangano ezingokomthetho, ukusekela izimali, nokusekela okusemthethweni okungokokwako okungokokwako okungokokwako okubalulekile, futhi ukubonakala komphakathi ohulumeni wezengakhonziwa kakhulu.