Ukuphishekela izinhlangano eziphumelelayo, ezinomlando, nezigcwele yonke inselele echazayo yekhulu lama-20. Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ziye zavela njengabadlali abayinhloko kulo msebenzi, zisebenzisa amandla ayingqayizivele, izimali ezicebile, nobuchwepheshe bokusekela ohulumeni bezwe ohambweni lwazo lokulawula. Kunokusekela nje izingqapheli, izinhlangano ezifana nezimiso zeZizwe Ezihlangene, iWorld Bank Group, i-International Monetary Fund (IMF), i-OOroundation nentuthuko yezentellicial Co-Profection (OECD), kanye nentuthuko ehlukahlukene yezentuthuko yezifunda zilungisa ngenkuthalo izakhiwo nokulungisa izakhiwo nokulungisa izinhlangano zezezimali, uhulumeni, uhulumeni, uzibuko, ukulwa kwezenteko, nokuhanjiswa komphakathi. Umsebenzi wazo wezwe lonke, ukuguqula i-oral ezindaweni ezizungezile futhi ukwandisa intuthuko kakhulu.

Lokhu kuhlola kuthatha indawo elula yemisebenzi ukuze kuhlolwe ithonya elingaphansi, inqubo ehleliwe, nezinselele eziphikelelayo ezibhekene nale mikhakha ekuqiniseni izimiso zokubusa emhlabeni wonke. Kuhlola indlela lezi zinhlangano ezisebenzisa ngayo izikhundla zazo ezikhethekile ukuze zithuthukise ukubonakala, ziqinise ukubusa komthetho, futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi izinhlangano zomphakathi ziyaqhubeka zisabela ezidingweni zezakhamuzi zazo. Ukuphumelela kwalokhu kusekela komhlaba wonke akufani; kuxhomeke ekusebenziseni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwentando yezombangazwe, isikhundla sendawo, kanye nokufaneleka kwabadlali bezemidlalo yomhlaba wonke abahilelekile.

Umsebenzi Oshintshayo Wokusekela Ukubusa Komhlaba Wonke

Indima yezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ekubuseni iye yashintsha kakhulu kutechnocratic, ipulani-drive cishe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili leminyaka. Namuhla, kunokuqashelwa okukhulu kokubusa okujulile kwezombangazwe nomongo. Lokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo kuye kwaholela ezimisweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezigcizelela ubunikazi bezwe, ukuhlolwa kwezezomnotho, nokuzinza kwezezezentengiselwano. Izinhlangano zomhlaba jikelele zinikeza amandla anamandla okulawula izindawo ezinjalo zomthetho, [[FLT:] [[FLT]SD 16 [FLT][FL:3], eziye zanikeza amashumi eminyaka angaphambili ukuhlanganiswa, ukubiza okucacile okunokuthula, okuqinile. Le nhlangano yomhlaba wonke inikeza izinhlangano zezizwe zonke amandla okuthatha umthetho onamandla, ukulawulwa kwezeluleko, nokulawulwa kwezombangazwe, futhi ezivame ukucatshangelwa futhi ekulawuleni kwezombangazwe.

Ukumisa Izimiso Nezindinganiso Zembulunga Yonke

Enye yemisebenzi enethonya kakhulu yezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke yindima yazo njengosomabhizinisi abavamile. Bakha izimo ezichaza izindinganiso zokubusa okuhle. Inhlangano yeZizwe Ezihlangene emelene nokonakala (UNCAC) iyinhlangano ebophayo esemthethweni ehlanganisa zonke izizwe, inikeza uhlelo olubanzi lokuvimbela, ubugebengu, nokubambisana kwezizwe ngezizwe. Ngokufanayo, i-OECD’s [[FLD] [[FLT]] [[1]] Antibibyy Convention [[ imisa izindinganiso ezibophakelayo ezingokomthetho zokufumbathisa izivumelwano zezentengo yobugebengu, ukufumbathisa izikhulu zakwamanye amazwe ezihwebelaneni zomphakathi. Le mithetho ayifinye ngokuhlola izinhlelo zezinhlangano zezifunda, amaqembu ezindaweni ezisebenza kwamanye amazwe, iphinde ikwazi ukuveza izinselele ezinqikelele izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ngaphandle kwezimiso ezivamile, isilinganiso esiwulawulayo isilinganiso esiwuthinta umphakathi wonke ngenxa yezentengo yomphakathi.

Ukumiswa Kwemali Nezobuchwepheshe

Isilinganiso sokusekela kwezimali okuqondiswe ekuqondiseni izinguquko sikhulu. INhlangano yeNhlangano yeZwe Lonke Yezentuthuko (IDA) inikeza amashumi ezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi ngokwezimali zokuboleka, ingxenye enkulu yazo enikezelwe ukuqinisa izinhlangano zomphakathi. Lezimali zisekela konke kusukela ekwakheni izimiso zokuqondisa intela ukuze kuhlanganiswe indawo ngokusemthethweni. [[FLD:0][FLD][1] IBHANGE LAMANDLA [[[FL:2] [[FLT]][[FLT]]] ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukuboleka imali ngemisebenzi yezemisebenzi yezentuthuko edinga inqubo yezenqubo yezentuthuko nezinguquko zezimo ezidinga ukuhlelwa yizimo zenkambiso zemali kanye nezinye izinhlangano zemali ezingokondlayo. I-IMFF inikeza usizo lobuchwepheshe obuphakathi emabhangemuva nakweminyango, i-ficralini yokwenyukst, nemali, i-ficlensi yemindal-epal ezindaweni ezimelene nokukhanka yemali, izinhlangano

Ukuhlolwa, Ukuhlolwa, Nokulandisa Kontanga

Ngaphandle kokunikeza izimali nezimiso, izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke zisebenza njengezihlola intuthuko ezigxekayo. ISiphakamiso se-IMF sihlola impilo yamalungu aso ngokwezomnotho nangokwezomnotho, ngokuvamile kuhlanganise nokuhlola kontanga okuhlobene nenkohlakalo nokuphumelela. I-Financial Active Task Force (FATF) ihlela amazwe anezingcingo ezinamandla ezimelene nemali elwa nemithetho elwayo, akha izisusa zezemali ezinamandla zokulungisa inguquko. Inqubo yontanga ye-OECD yokuhlola i-Anti-Bribyry Convention ihlanganisa ukuhlola okuningi kwemizamo yezwe ngalinye, ikhishwe ngemibiko yomphakathi. Lo msebenzi "emam ne-sham," kanti uveza ukulandisa okunzima okungoko ukuthi izinhlangano zekhaya zizodwa zingakwazi ukunikeza inqubo yokulungisa inguquko.

Izindawo Eziyinhloko Zokuhlola Izifo Nezinselele

Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ziye zagxilisa ukusekela kwazo kokubusa ezindaweni eziningana lapho ziye zathuthukisa khona izinzuzo ezijulile eziqhathaniswa. Ukuhlola lezizindawo kunikeza ukuqonda okuqinile ngendlela izinguquko ezisetshenziswa ngayo kanye nemiphumela eziye zayifinyelela.

Ukuqinisa Ukuphathwa Kwemali Komphakathi

Ukuphatha imithombo yezimali zomphakathi kuwumsebenzi oyisisekelo. IBhange leZwe, nge-Profence Global Practice, liye laba umholi ekuxhaseni uHlelo lwezezimali zomphakathi (PFM) izinguquko. [FLT]][FLT]Public Expenditure and Accounting (PEAP) [[FFFLA]] [[FLDA]]] [[[FLT]]] uhlelo lokusekela i-ultractal medial mediation mediation system [ult]][[FLT]][iindlela engcono yokuhlola ukusebenza kwezimiso ze-PFM. Leli cebo lisiza ohulumeni ukuveza ubuthakathaka kwendlela ebucayi yokuhlela izimali, ukuveza ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi engcono, ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi yezente, nokuqondisa izakhiwo zemali, izinhlangano zezezente, izinhlangano zemisebenzi ezithuthuke kakhulu. I. I. I. I.

Imizamo Ethuthukayo Yokubona Ingaphandle Neyokuvimbela Ukubola

I-United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) ibilokhu iphambili ekusekeleni amasu esizwe okumelana nokonakala. Umsebenzi we-UNDP ngokuvamile ugxila ekuvimbeleni isilinganiso sokonakala, usiza amazwe ukuba asungule izikhomishane ezizimele zokulwa nokonakala, amise ukufinyelela imithetho yokwaziswa, futhi akhuthaze ukuveza ukubonakala kokuthola nokuphatha okungokwemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-UNDP iye yasekela ukusungulwa kokwaziswa kukahulumeni ovulekile emazweni aphesheya kwe-Latin America ne-Afrika, ikwazi ukwenza izakhamuzi ukuba zilandele imali echithwa umphakathi futhi zigcine izikhulu zinecala. IBhange i-Stolen Asbeeverease (SAR), ukuhlangana neHhovisi yemvelo yezidakamizwa ne-Crime (UNDC), isebenza ukubuyisela izinto ezebiwe emazweni asathuthuka, ukuvimbela nokukhohliswa kwezimiso zokukhohlakala izikhali eziphambili, imizamo ephansi, izikhulu zikahulumeni ezihlangene, ihlanganisa, izinhlangano zezakhamuzi ezingokomthetho, izakhamuzi zezakhamuzi zezakhamuzi zezindawo.

Ukusekela Umthetho Nenkululeko Yokwahlulela

Imithetho ephumelelayo ibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni izivumelwano, ekuvikeleni amalungelo empahla, nasekuqinisekiseni ubulungisa obulinganayo. I-European Union (EU) iye yenza ukubusa komthetho kube yikhomfa ephakathi yenqubo yayo yokukhuliswa. Amazwe anamandla kumelwe abonise umbhalo ogciniwe wenkululeko yokwahlulela, izinyathelo eziphumelelayo zokulwa nokungalungi, kanye nokuhlonipha amalungelo ayisisekelo ngaphambi kokuba avumelane ne-Union. Lenqubo iye yaba umshayeli onamandla wenguquko eMpumalanga nempumalanga Yurophu. I-EU inikeza izinhlelo ezinkulu zezimiso zemisebenzi yesizwe, lapho izisebenzi zomphakathi ezisemazweni akhona zisebenza ngokuphandle kanye namalungu azo emazweni asebenzayo ukuze enze imithetho emisha engokomthetho, izitimela, izitimela, nokuthuthukisa inqubo ayibekelwe izinselele kakhulu, kanti enye yezibonelo zenhlangano yezizwe ezinamandla kakhulu.

Ukulawula Ukubonakala Kwemali Nokusingatha Izikweleti

I-IMF iye yaba nendima ephambili ekuthuthukiseni ukubonakala kwemali, iqaphela ukuthi imali eshiywe yindawo ebangela ukonakala nokungaphathwa kahle. [[FLT]][F’S IMF’S Fiscal Translate code [ [[FLT]] inikeza uhlelo olubanzi lwezindinganiso nezimiso. Ukuthunywa kobuchwepheshe kusiza amazwe ukuba ahlole izikhala ekubikeni nasekuthuthukiseni amasu awo ukubonakala futhi athuthukise amasu okuthuthukisa intuthuko, kuhlanganise nokuphatha kahle izingozi zemali ezisemkhakheni zezwe nasemikhakheni yomphakathi. Ezindaweni zokuphatha izikweletuzo zezikweletu, i-IMF neBHAN isebenza emazweni anezikweletu nokuphatha kahle. Lokhu kuthathe izikweletu zamazwe amaningi futhi kusetshenziswa ngokunenzuzo ukuze kuqiniseke izikweneze.

Ukubhekana Nezinselele Eziphikelelayo Nezinkimbinkimbi Zezombangazwe

Naphezu kweminikelo emikhulu yezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke, izinguquko zokubusa ngokwemvelo zinzima futhi ngokuvamile zibhekana nezithiyo ezijulile. Ukuqaphela lezi zinselele kubalulekile ekuklameni amasu okusekela aphumelelayo nangokoqobo.

Ubugebengu Bentando Yezombangazwe Nobunikazi

Izinguquko zokubusa cishe njalo zisongela izithakazelo ezigxilile. Labo abazuzayo ezimisweni eziyize, ukungaqondisi okuncane, noma ukulawula okungaqondile kwemithombo yemali ngokuvamile bayomelana noshintsho. Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke zinganikeza iseluleko sezimali nezobuchwepheshe, kodwa azikwazi ukwakha intando yezombangazwe. Izinguquko eziphumelela kakhulu yilezo eziphethwe abaholi basekhaya ngempela nabashisekeli benguquko. Uma izinguquko zibhekwa njengezithi zibekwe ngaphandle, zibonakala ziwuphawulo oluphoqelelwe ngaphandle, zisengozini kakhulu yokusetshenziswa ngokuphandle noma ngemva kokuncipha kokucindezela kwangaphandle. Ukushintshela ku "intuthuko enzima" ne "problen-drective transformation" ibonisa ukuqaphela ukuthi ushintsho oluqinile kumelwe luqhutshekiswe ngaphakathi futhi luhlakaniswe ngokwezombangazwe, futhi abantu abasebenza ndawonye emhlabeni wonke badlale indima eholayo kunokuba basekele indima eholayo.

Ukufaneleka Kombhalo Nokugwema Imiqulu Eluhlaza

Akukho sibonelo esisodwa sokubusa okuhle esisebenza yonke indawo. Inguquko ephumelele ezweni elithola imali ephakathi e-Mpuma Asia ingahluleka ekutholeni imali encane, ingxabano ebangelwa yimpi eNtshona Afrika. Ngezinye izikhathi izinhlangano zomhlaba ziye zagxekwa ngokukhuthaza izixazululo ezivamile ezingabhekisi ukuvumelana kwezombangazwe zendawo, amasiko, kanye nomlando. Izinguquko zokuletha indlela entsha yokuphatha komphakathi yokuthola nokuphatha, ngokwesibonelo, ziye zaba nemiphumela exubile ezimisweni ezinemisebenzi yemisebenzi yesizwe ebuthakathaka nezimiso zethukela. Ukusekela okuphumelela kakhulu kwezizwe ngezizwe namuhla kugcizelela ukuvumelana komthetho, ukuhlola, nokufunda kulokho okusebenza emongweni. Lokhu kudinga ukuba izinhlangano zomhlaba zithengise ulwazi olujulile, zifake isigxobo, futhi zizimisele ukuthatha isikhathi sazo.

Ukuvumelana Nokuhlukana

Inselele enkulu yinani labadlali bomhlaba wonke abahilelekile ekusekeleni ukubusa. Izwe elilodwa lingase libe nemisebenzi eminingi ehlukene esekelwa yizinhlangano ze-UN, abanikeli abahlukene, amabhange okuthuthukisa intuthuko, nezimali zembulunga yonke. Lokhu kuhlukana kunganqoba izimiso zesizwe, ukuzama ukulingisa, futhi kudala izinto eziphikisanayo. Imizamo yokuthuthukisa ukubambisana, njengokuhlela izinto eziza kuqala zeUN Development System noma ukusebenzisa izimali ezihlangene, ukuhlose ukunciphisa izindleko zokuthengiselwa nokuqinisekisa indlela ecacile yokusebenza. Nokho, izisusa zezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zingaba nzima ukuvumelana. Ukuthuthukisa izwe kudinga ukuhola okuqinile kohulumeni besizwe, okumelwe bakwazi ukubeka izinto eziza kuqala nokuphathana abantu abakanye emhlabeni wonke ukulandisa ngokuvumelana nazo.

Umphumela Wokondleka Nokulinganisa Ibanga Elide

Izinguquko zokubusa ngokuvamile zithatha iminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu ukuveza imiphumela ebonakalayo. Imijikelezo yemisebenzi ezinhlanganweni zomhlaba wonke ivame ukuba mfushane, ihlala iminyaka emithathu kuya kweyisikhombisa. Lokhu kungalingani kudala ukucindezela okungavumelaniyo ukuze kubonakale imiphumela esheshayo, okungabangela ukusekela kalula inguquko ezisheshayo, ukuguqula izinguquko ezingokwezimo. Ukusekela ushintsho oluqinile ngemva kokuphela kwemali emhlabeni wonke kuyinselele eqhubekayo. Isimiso esisha sokuphatha imali singase siwele ekungasebenzini uma amandla okusilondoloza engathuthuki kalula. Ukulawula izinguquko ezibangelwa ukukhula kwemiphumela enjengezenhlaziyweni yobumpofu noma ukuthunyelwa kwemisebenzi ethuthukisiwe yindlela yokusebenza kunzima kakhulu. Izinhlangano zomhlaba jikelele zifaka imiphumela eqinile ezindaweni ezibanzi, kodwa le ndawo okudingeka kuyo.

Iziqondiso Eziwusizo Nezindawo Ezihlanganisa Izindawo Ezizungezile Ezivundile

Uma sibheka phambili, indima yezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ekubuseni izinguquko kumelwe iqhubeke iguquka isabela ekushintsheni kwembulunga yonke ngokushesha.

Ukuguqulwa Kwezinombolo Ze - eversecondal Impucuko

Inguquko yemisebe ye-mitumbulu inikeza amathuluzi amasha anamandla okuveza nokuziphendulela. Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke zisekela ohulumeni ekusebenziseni izimiso zokuzichaza ngobuchwepheshe, iziteshi zokulungisa, kanye namatheku okwaziswa avulekile enza imisebenzi kahulumeni icace kakhulu futhi iphumelele. I-World Bank isebenza eGovtech nase-UNDP kusiza amazwe ukuba athathe amasu adala kakhulu, asekelwe kumbhalo wezincwadi. Nokho, ushintsho lwezilinganiso lunezingozi, kuhlanganise nokuhlola, ukuhlola, nokusongela kwe-i-inthaneti. Izinhlangano zezizwe ngezizwe zinendima yokudlala ekubekeni izindinganiso nasekusebenziseni itekshinoloji yobuchwepheshe yomphakathi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimiso zokuguqula amanani zikhona kunokulimaza ukuthembana kukahulumeni.

Ukubambisana Okubanzi KwaseNingizimu - South neNyakatho Nonxande

Isibonelo esingokwesiko sokusekela ukubusa esisuka kumazwe asathuthuka kuya eNingizimu-South-South ukubambisana. Izenzakalo zenguquko eziphumelelayo emazweni anjenge-Brazil, iNdiya, ne-South Africa zinikeza izifundo eziwusizo kontanga eNingizimu nyaka wonke. Izinhlangano zomhlaba zingasebenza njengeziqalisi nezinciphisi zemali, ukuhlanganisa i-ontanga nokufunda i-eceal - intelligences nokubambisana okungokonxantathu lapho izimali zendabuko zisekela khona ukuhwebelana kwe-South-South kunye ne-E. Lendlela ngokuvamile ijabulela ukwamukelwa okukhulu nokwezombangazwe ngoba ibonwa njenge-hearchicals futhi ivumelana kakhulu namaqiniso ezwe elisathuthukayo. I-OCD ifeza indima enkulu ekuhleleni kwenqubo ye-OCD kanye ne-E-E ngokomthetho.

Ukuthuthuka Kwemibuso Nesimo Sezulu

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunikeza inselele enkulu. Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ziyaqaphela ukuthi ukuphumelela kwesimo sezulu kudinga izinhlangano eziqinile, ukuphatha ngokuphumelelayo ngokwezimali, nokubusa umthetho. IGreen Climate Fund, ephethwe yi-World Bank futhi ephethwe yi-UN, idinga izindinganiso eziqinile zezemvelo nezokuvikela imvelo nezenhlalo ekusebenziseni izihlobo zazo. Ukusekela ohulumeni ukuba balawule isimo sezulu ngendlela esobala, ukulawula izimakethene zecarbon ngokuphumelelayo, futhi kugunyaze imithetho yendawo ezungezile indawo eyandayo yokusekela ukubusa. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwemibuso elawulayo kanye nezimiso zezulu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukugeleza okukhulu okuqondiswe ezindaweni ezilawula isimo sezulu nokuzihambelana kwazo. Kusetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo futhi kuhleleke kahle, futhi imiphakathi iphethe izinqumo zezwi ezithinta indawo yayo ezungezile kanye nezindawo zokuphila.

Isiphetho

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke nohulumeni bezwe emkhakheni wokubusa buyinkimbinkimbi, bunamandla, futhi bunemiphumela ejulile. Kuhilela ukudluliselwa kwezimiso zezezimali, ilungiselelo lezezimali, ukwakhiwa kwekhono, nokusetshenziswa komthwalo wokulandisa. Ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi lokhu kusekela kungaba okuphumelela kakhulu uma kuthintana nomongo, ukuqondisa kwezombangazwe, nokusekela okuqotho kwabadlali basekhaya. Impumelelo ekulawuleni kwezezimali, ukulwa nokonakala, nokubusa komthetho okushintshwa emazweni ahlukahlukene kubonisa inani elibonakalayo lesivumelwano sezizwe ngezizwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinselele eziphikelelayo zokumelana nezombangazwe, ukunikela, nokusekela okusekela imingcele yethonya langaphandle kanye nokudinga ukuthobeka okuhlala kuhlelile ndawo. Njengoba izizukulwane ezintsha ezisezweni ezihlukene, izinhlangano ezisemthethweni, nezinhlangano eziphumelelayo, izinhlangano zezizwe eziphambili kuphela. Izinhlangano zezizwe ezingoko ezingoko eziphambili zingaqhubeka zikhona ukuze zikwazi ukuveza ukuphumelela kwazo zonke izinhlangano eziseduze eziseduze eziseduze eziseduzeni eziseduzeni zomphakathini zasendaweni eziseduze eziseduze.