Ukunikezwa kwezempilo e-United States kuncike emsebenzini oyinkimbinkimbi kahulumeni, umbuso, nomphakathi. Phakathi kwalokhu, ohulumeni bendawo `izindawo, omasipala, nezifunda zezempilo ezikhethekile'isebenza njengendawo ephambili yempilo yomphakathi nelungiselelo lenkonzo eqondile. Ziyizinto izakhamuzi ezibhekana kuqala lapho zifuna ukugonywa, ukuhlola indawo ezungezile, ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo, nokunakekelwa okuyinhloko komphakathi. Ukuqonda izinga, izinselele, nemisebenzi yezempilo yohulumeni yendawo kudingekile kubenzi bezimiso zezomthetho, ochwepheshe bezempilo, nabameleli bomphakathi ngokufanayo.

Indima yohulumeni bendawo ekunakekeleni impilo iye yaqala ngokuphawulekayo phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Imizamo yezempilo yomphakathi yakuqala egxile ekukhucululiweni kwendle, ekulahlweni kwabantu, nasekunqandeni izifo ezithathelwanayo. Namuhla, iminyango yezempilo yendawo (LHD) iphethe i-chweba elibanzi elihlanganisa ukuvimbela izifo okungapheli, umama nezingane, izinkonzo zezempilo, nokuzilungiselela okuphuthumayo. Iminyango yezempilo yendawo elinganiselwa ku-800 esebenza eUnited States, ikhonza imiphakathi yabantu abasukela ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa kuya kweziyizigidi eziningana. Lezi zivame ukuba yizikhungo eziyinhloko zokuvikela abantu abangangeni eziphila futhi abaphila ngokungenamakhaya, okwenza umsebenzi wabo ube ngeswo womphakathi owenze usebenze ngendlela engcono kakhulu.

Ukuziphendukela Okungokomlando Kwezindima Zokunakekelwa Kwempilo Kahulumeni Wendawo

Izimpande zikahulumeni wendawo ezihileleke ekunakekeleni impilo zisukela emuva ekhulwini le-19, lapho amadolobha asungulwe amabhodi empilo okulwa nekholera, i-yellow fever, kanye nokuqubuka kobuthi. Ukwakhiwa komnyango wokuqala wempilo kamasipala eBaltimore ngo1798 kwaphawula ukuqaphela kwasekuqaleni ukuthi uhulumeni wayenomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela impilo yomphakathi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubukhulu balemithwalo yemfanelo buye bakhuliswa ukuhlanganisa ukuhlola izinga lamanzi amanzi, ukuhlola ukudla, nezinhlelo zezempilo zesikole.

Ikhulu lama-20 leminyaka laletha izinguquko. I-Social Security Act ka-1935 yanikeza izimali zikahulumeni ezisiza omama nabantwana, eziningi zazo ezazisetshenziswa ngeminyango yezempilo kahulumeni neyomphakathi. I-Community Mental Act ka-1963 yashintsha ukunakekelwa kwezinhlangano ezinkulu zabe sekubekwa izinhlelo zomphakathi, ifaka izidingo ezintsha kohulumeni bendawo. Muva nje, i-Affordble Care Act (ACA) yandisa ukukhokhelwa nokuvinjelwa, ngeminyango yendawo edlala indima eyinhloko ekutholeni usizo nasekuhleleni intuthuko yempilo yomphakathi.

Namuhla, ohulumeni bendawo kumelwe balawule indawo eklanywe ukuhluka kwempilo okungapheli, asebegugile, izifo ezithathelwanayo, nemiphumela eqhubekayo yobhadane lwe-COVID-19. Lo mqedazwe wadalula kokubili amandla nezimiso zezempilo zomphakathi zendawo, okuholela ekufuneni ukuqashelwa kabusha kwezimali nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Yomphakathi Wanamuhla

Ohulumeni bendawo banemithwalo yemfanelo yezempilo yomphakathi eyisisekelo evikela yonke imiphakathi. Lemisebenzi ivame ukuhlelwa ezindaweni eziyishumi ezibaluleke kakhulu zeNkonzo yezempilo ka-Hulumeni ye-Escience Public Services ezakhiwa yiCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Izindawo eziyisihluthulelo zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuhlola nokuqubuka: izifo ezibikwayo, ukuhlaziya izimo, nokuqubuka kwamagciwane ngaphambi kokuba zisakazeke.
  • [ umthetho wempilo engokomfantu:[[FLT] Ukuhlola izindawo zokudlela, amadamu okubhukuda, izimiso zokuhlambela, nokuphuza amanzi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugula.
  • [ Ukuphakamisa ukukhazimulisa nemfundo: ukuklama nokuhambisa imikhankaso ngezihloko ezinjengokugoma, ukuhlinza kukagwayi, kanye nomsebenzi womzimba.
  • [ ukuthuthuka nokugcinwa kwemithetho: Ukunyusela izikhulu ezikhethiwe eziqondiswe ezimisweni ezihlobene nempilo nokumisa imithetho yempilo yomphakathi.
  • Ukuhleleka nokusabela: ukuhlelwa kwezinhlekelele zemvelo, ukuqubuka kwezifo, nezenzakalo zezokuphekula.

Imisebenzi Yokuqondisa Nokunwebeka Kwezifo

Iminyango yezempilo yendawo iyiyokuqala ukuzwa izindlela ezingavamile zokugula emphakathini. Ngokuhlola kokucwaninga, ukubika, nokucwaninga ngezifo, iveza ukuqubuka kwezifo ezibangelwa ukudla, izifo ezithathelwanayo zomjovo, nokuvela kosongo olunjengegciwane le-West Nile noma i-COVID. Le nqubo yokuhlola ixhomeke ezimisweni zemininingwane eqinile nasekuxhumaneni nabagcini-mpilo, izikole, nezindawo zokucwaninga.

Iziphathimandla zendawo zezempilo zisiza izikhulu ukuba zikhiphe iziyalezo zokuhlukaniswa, ukuhlukaniswa, noma ukuvalwa kwezindawo ezingaphephile. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVOID-19, izikhulu zezempilo eziningi zendawo zaba nobuso obuvelele emphakathini, ukunikeza iziphakamiso, ukuqoqa imingcele, nokugoma. La mandla alinganiswa ngenqubo efanelekile yokuvikela nokuqondisa kwezombangazwe, aqokomisa ubuhlobo obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwegunya lempilo nenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye.

Impilo Nokuphepha Kwendawo Ezungezile

Impilo yendawo ezungezile isengomunye wemisebenzi ebonakala kakhulu nemide kahulumeni wendawo. Osakazi nochwepheshe bezemvelo baqhuba ukuhlola okuvamile kwezindawo zokudlela, izitolo ezithengisa ukudla, nezindawo zokulungisa ukudla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukudla kuphephile. Bengamele futhi isimiso sokuzingela, ukuhlola amanzi anele, nokulawula izingozi eziyingozi ezindlini. Ezindaweni eziningi, ohulumeni bendawo balawula izinhlelo zokulawula imibungu yezinambuzane ukuze banciphise imiyane kanye nemikhilingwane edlulisela izifo ezinjengesifo se - Lyme negciwane le-West Nile.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kubhebhethekisa izinkinga zempilo yendawo ezungezile. Iminyango yezempilo yendawo iyaqhubeka isingatha izifo ezihlobene nokushisa, ukuqapha komoya opholile, kanye nemiphumela yempilo yezenzakalo zezulu eziyingozi. Lokhu kwanda kudinga ukubambisana okusha neminyango yokuhlela, izinhlangano zokuqondisa isimo esiphuthumayo, nezinhlangano zendawo ezungezile.

Ukubeletha Kwenkonzo Yezempilo Eqondile

Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yezempilo yomphakathi ephakeme, ohulumeni abaningi bendawo basebenzisa ngokuqondile izakhiwo zomnyango wempilo nezinhlelo ezigcwalisa izikhala ezibucayi esimisweni sokunakekela impilo. Lezi zinkonzo zibaluleke kakhulu emaphandleni nasemadolobheni angaphansi lapho abagcini bezikhungo bomuntu siqu bentuleka khona.

Izikhungo Zezempilo Zomphakathi Nezikhungo Zokuphepha Nethi

Ohulumeni bendawo baxhasa futhi baphethe izikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi eziyinhloko, ezinikeza izinkonzo zezempilo, ezeluleko lwempilo, kanye nezinkonzo zekhemisi ezihambayo ezisekelwe emholweni. Lezi zikhungo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi amaFederal Marmonolity Health Center (FQHC) noma iFQHC abukeka njenge-ase, ezibenza bafanelekele ukukhokhelwa inzuzo kahulumeni nokungakhokhelwanga kahle. Ngo-2022, izikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi zasebenza iziguli ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30 e-United States, eziningi zazo ezazingakhokhiwe noma zibhaliswe eMedicaid.

Izibhedlela zasesifunda zingenye yezinsika zokunikezwa kwenkonzo eqondile. Cishe amaphesenti angu-25 azo zonke izibhedlela zase-U.S. lezi zindawo zisebenza njengezindawo zokuhlinza, zifundisa izibhedlela, nezinhlangano ze-nethi yokhuseleko ezinikeza ukunakekela okungakhokhelwanga iziguli ezithola imali ephansi nezingakhokhelwanga. Izingcindezi zezimali ezisezibhedlela zasesifundani ziye zakhula ngenxa yokwehla kwezindleko zokukhokhela izindleko, ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zokunakekela okungalawuleki, kanye nokuswela kwamandla emisebenzi.

Izinhlelo Zempilo Yezingane Nezempilo

Iminyango yezempilo yendawo inikeza izinhlelo zezempilo zomama nezezingane ezixhaswe yi-State V block inikeza kanye nomthetho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzelana kokunakekela kwangaphambi kokubeletha, ukuvakashela izinhlelo zemikhaya ekhulelwe, ukuhlolwa kwabantwana abasanda kuzalwa, nokukhuliswa kwabantwana. Abesifazane, amaphuphu, nezingane (WIC) uhlelo lokudla olusemthethweni olusetshenziswa njalo yiminyango yezempilo yendawo, ukunikeza ukudla okwengeziwe, imfundo yokondleka, nokuncela ibele lokusekela okuthola amantombazane akhulelwe nabantwana abancane.

Nokho, amazinga okusekela imali awazange ahambisane nezindleko ezikhuphukayo, okuholela ekuntulekeni kwazisebenzi nasekwenzweni okuncishiswa kwemisebenzi kwezinye izindawo.

Izinyathelo Zomphakathi Zempilo Nokuthuthukisa Impilo

Intuthuko yempilo yabantu idinga izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuxazulula izimbangela eziyinhloko zezifo nokulimala.

Ukugoma Nokunqanda Izifo Ezithathelwanayo

Iminyango yezempilo yendawo iyinhloko ekugonyeni. Iphethe imithola-khaya yokugoma yomphakathi, iphethe ukuxilonga kwesikole, futhi ithathela phambili ekuqubukeni kwezifo zomjovo ezinjengesimungumungwane ne-petrolis. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19, i-LHDs ihlela imikhankaso yokugoma, ifinyelela abantu abasengozini ngemitholampilo ehambayo, izibophono zomphakathi, nokuncintisana.

Amazinga okugoma abantwana nabadala ahlala ewumphumela wendlela yokusebenza kweminyango yezempilo yendawo. Uhlelo lweCDC's Vaccines for Children (VFC) lunikeza imijovo yamahhala ukuze abantwana bafaneleke, futhi i-LHD ngokuvamile iyizikhungo eziyinhloko ze-VFC emiphakathini engagciniwe. Ukulondoloza ukugonyelwa kakhulu kudinga imfundo yomphakathi eqhubekayo, ukunikeza izivumelwano, nokubekelwa kwemithetho.

Ukuvimbela Izifo Okungamahlalakhona

Izifo ezingapheli njengesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, kanye nokuphefumula kubangela ukufa kwabantu abangu-70% e-United States. Ohulumeni bendawo bathinta lezi zimo ngezinhlelo ezisekelwe kubufakazi ezikhuthaza ukusebenza komzimba, ukudla okunempilo, nokukhucululwa kukagwayi. Izindawo eziningi ziye zasebenzisa izimiso zokuthuthukisa amathuba okuthola ukudla okusha, ukwakha izindawo eziphephile zokuvivinya umzimba, nokulawula ukuthengiswa kukagwayi nokuthengisa.

Iminyango yezempilo yendawo ihlola futhi izinhlelo zokuhlola umdlavuza webele, wesibeletho, nowesibeletho, ngokuvamile ihlasela izindleko eziphansi nabesifazane abangabanjwanga nge-CDC's National Breast and Cervical Cancer Explorion Program. Izinhlelo zokuvimbela isifo sikashukela, ukunqanda umfutho wegazi, nezinhlelo zasekhaya ezivakashayo ziyizibonelo ezengeziwe zokungenela izifo ezingamahlala-a nelanga.

Izinselele Ezinkulu Ezibhekene Nezimiso Zempilo Zendawo

Naphezu kwendima yabo ebucayi, ohulumeni bendawo babhekana nezinselele eziphikelelayo ezilulaza ikhono labo lokunikeza izinkonzo zezempilo eziphumelelayo.

Ukusekela Izingcindezi Nezingcindezi Zokusebenzisa Imali

Iminyango yezempilo yendawo ithembele engxubevangeni yezimali zikahulumeni, ukuxhasa imali, ukukhokhela inzuzo yendawo. Lokhu kuxhasa imali ngokuvamile akulindelekile, kulinganiselwe ezimisweni ezithile, futhi akunele ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi ephambili. Phakathi kuka-2010 no-2019, imali esetshenziswayo empilweni yomphakathi yehla emazweni amaningi, inciphisa amandla e-LHDs ekusabeleni ezimweni eziphuthumayo futhi ilondoloze izinkonzo zesikhathi esivamile.

Lo mqedazwe wabangela ukunyuka kwezimali zikahulumeni zokusekela usizo nge-CareS Act and American Resort Plan, kodwa okuningi kwalokhu kuxhaswa kwemali kulinganiselwe futhi akunakusetshenziswa ukwakha izakhiwo zemisebenzi ezithatha isikhathi eside. Iminyango yezempilo manje ibhekene newa eliphansi njengoba lezimali ziphela, iphoqelela izinqumo ezinzima mayelana nokunqanda izisebenzi nezinhlelo.

Ukuswelakala Nokutubeka Kwamandla

Izisebenzi zezempilo zomphakathi ziyakhula, kunenani elikhulu lezisebenzi ezifanelekele ukuthatha umhlalaphansi. Ukuzigcina zisezinkingeni kubangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwemali phakathi kwemisebenzi yempilo yomphakathi neyokunakekela impilo yomuntu siqu, amathuba entuthuko yomsebenzi alinganiselwe, nezimo zokusebenza ezicindezelayo. Lolubhadane lwabangela ukutubeka okukhulu phakathi kwezisebenzi zezempilo zomphakathi, ezabhekana nokuhlukunyezwa, ukucindezela kwezombangazwe, nokuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu emkhakheni wemisebenzi.

Ngokokuhlola okwenziwa i - National Association of County and City Health Actigistrations (NACCHO), cishe ingxenye yeminyango yezempilo yendawo yabikwa ukuthi isesilinganisweni esilinganiselwe kuya emazingeni aphakeme ezisebenzi.

Izindlela Zokunquma Impilo Nezenhlalo

Ohulumeni bendawo bagxile kakhulu ekukhulumeni nge-equity − isimiso sokuthi wonke umuntu kufanele abe nethuba lokufinyelela izinga lakhe eliphakeme kakhulu lempilo. Lokhu kudinga ukubhekana nezithiyo zomphakathi ezinjengokungahleleki kwezindlu, ukungalondeki kokudla, imingcele yezokuhamba, nobandlululo lwezimiso. Nokho, iminyango yezempilo yendawo ngokuvamile ayinayo imithombo negunya lokuthonya lezi zici zezenhlalo nezezomnotho ezibanzi.

Ukubambisana neziphathimandla zezindlu, izifunda, izinhlangano zezokuthutha, namahhovisi entuthuko yezomnotho kubalulekile kodwa kuyinselele ukuwagcina. Ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa okuphathelene nokuhluka kwezempilo kuyathuthuka, kodwa amaLHD amaningi awakwazi ukuguqula ukwaziswa kube ushintsho olusebenzayo.

Izinqubo Eziyinkimbinkimbi Ezisebenzayo

Njengoba kubhekwa imingcele ezindaweni zikahulumeni wendawo, ukubambisana kuye kwaba isisekelo selungiselelo eliphumelelayo lokunakekela impilo.

Umngane Womphakathi

Ohulumeni bendawo basebenzisana ngokuqhubekayo nezimiso zomuntu siqu zokunakekela impilo, izinhlangano ezisekelwe emphakathini, futhi baqondise amasu okunakekela ukunikeza izinkonzo. Ngokwesibonelo, umnyango wezempilo wesifundazwe ungasebenza nesimiso sesibhedlela sendawo sokunakekela isikhungo sempilo somphakathi, noma ungabi nenzuzo yokunikeza izinkonzo zezempilo ezihambayo kubantu abangenamakhaya. Lokhu kubambisana kungathuthukisa ukuphumelela, ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza ngasese, nokunciphisa ukwenziwa kwezinkonzo.

Izinqubo zokulandisa njengezivumelwano ezisekelwe ekusebenzeni, impilo yomphakathi idinga ukuhlolwa, nezinqubo zokuhlela ezihlangene zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ubuhlobo obuvumelana nemigomo yempilo yomphakathi hhayi izisusa zenzuzo yomuntu siqu.

Ukuhloma Nokucwaninga

Iminyango eminingi yezempilo yendawo esebenzelana namayunivesithi ukuze iqinise isisekelo sobufakazi bawo kanye nekhono lokuhlola. Iminyango yezempilo edinga amakhono, ixhaswe ngezimali ngeminyango yokucwaninga, izifundiswa nabafundi eLHD ukuqhuba izinqumo ezidinga ukuhlolwa, ukuhlola izinhlelo, nokuthuthukisa amabhodi okwaziswa. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuqina kwenqubo yezempilo yomphakathi kuyilapho kunikeza amathuba awusizo esizukulwaneni esilandelayo sezempilo yomphakathi.

Izibonelo zihlanganisa i - Prevention Research Centers exhaswe uhlelo lwe - CDC ne - Public Training Health Centers.

Izimodeli Nezifundo Zecala Ezintsha

Ohulumeni bendawo abaningana baye basungula izindlela ezintsha zokunikeza izinkonzo zokunakekela impilo ezinikeza izifundo emkhakheni.

ELouisville, eKentucky, umnyango wezempilo wamisa iCentre for Health Equity ngo-2013, izimiso ezinamatheli kuzo zonke izinhlelo nezimiso. Isikhungo sasebenza nezakhamuzi zomphakathi ukuze kubonwe izimbangela eziyinhloko zokuhluka kwempilo futhi sasungula izinyathelo ezinjengoMdlandla ohlelweni lwe Hood, olwaguqula inkanti yaba yingadi yomphakathi nezindawo eziluhlaza.

ESan Francisco, uMnyango Wempilo Yesici Sempilo Ye-Profecement Advice San Francisco, uhlelo lwezempilo olunikeza ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko, imithi kadokotela, kanye nokunakekelwa kwesibhedlela izakhamuzi ezingasenazo izisulu. Loluhlelo lusebenzisa isampula yezokwelapha, lixhumanisa umsizi ngamunye nomqondisi wezokunakekela. U-Heod Health Francisco uye wafinyelela intuthuko engcono kakhulu ekuqondiseni izifo ezingalapheki futhi wanciphisa ukuhambela kwezisebenzi eziphuthumayo.

Imiphakathi yasemaphandleni iye yasungula futhi amakhambi okudala. EMontana, i-Butte-Silver Health Department isungula i-mouse yempilo ehamba ngezinyawo ehamba iya ezindaweni ezikude ezimbaliwe, inikeza ukugoma, ukuhlolwa kwempilo, nokusetshenziswa kwemithi enika usizo. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-telehealth ukuhlanganisa iziguli nochwepheshe basemadolobheni, ukudlula imingcele yendawo ukuze zinakekele.

Ukuhlanganyela ekumangaleleni isiphambano kunelinye isu elithembisayo. EWisconsin, iminyango emincane yezempilo yasemaphandleni yakha iWisconsin Public Health Colitinative, ihlanganyela umqondisi wezokwelapha, isazi sokubulala, nezisebenzi zezempilo zendawo ezungezile. Leli lungiselelo lanciphisa izindleko zokulawula, lathuthukisa amandla akhuphukayo, futhi lenza iminyango ehlanganyelayo ikwazi ukunikeza izinkonzo ezingenakusekelwa ngokwayo.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Zokunakekelwa Kwempilo Kukahulumeni Wasendaweni

Ikusasa lokunakekela impilo kahulumeni wendawo lizololongwa amandla amaningana: ubuchwepheshe obushintshashintshayo, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, nokushintsha kwenqubo yezobuchwepheshe. I-Telehealth, eyakhula ngokuphawulekayo phakathi nalesi sifo, inikeza amathuba okunwetshwa kokunakekelwa okukhethekile ezindaweni ezingasanakekelwa. Iminyango yezempilo yendawo ihlola ukuvakasha kwasekhaya, ukuhlola iziguli ezisezindaweni ezikude, kanye nezinkonzo zezempilo ezingokwezimo ze-tene.

Ukusetshenziswa kwemininingwane yanamuhla kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ama-LHD amaningi asathembele ezimisweni zobuchwepheshe ezisekelwe ephepheni noma ezifuywe njengefa ezilinganisela ikhono lawo lokulandela imiklamo ehlelekile, ukunakekela nokubikela abantu abazosebenza nabo. Izimali ezigciniwe zempilo ye-electronics ezivumelanayo, iziteshi zokuqondisa abantu, nokuthengiselwana kokwaziswa okungokwempilo komphakathi kungathuthukisa ukusebenza nokuphumelela.

Izinguquko zezenqubo ezisezingeni likahulumeni nohulumeni ziyothinta nezindima zikahulumeni wendawo. Ukwakhiwa kwesikhwama sezenhlalakahle yomphakathi ezweni lonke, esihlongozwa amanye amaqembu ezemfundo, kunganikeza izimali eziqinile, ezivumelanayo zemisebenzi yempilo yomphakathi. Ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu phakathi kwempilo yomphakathi, ukuthunyelwa kwezempilo, kanye nezinkonzo zezenhlalo, okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-social stumistmistism sholor projects shorts.

Isiphetho

Ohulumeni bendawo babalulekile esimisweni sokunakekela impilo eUnited States nasezweni lonke. Bafeza imisebenzi yempilo yomphakathi ebalulekile, basebenzisa amanethi okuphepha, futhi bathuthukise intuthuko yempilo yomphakathi wonke. Izinselele ababhekana nazo − ukuntengantenga kwezemisebenzi, ukuswelakala kwezisebenzi, nokuswelakala kwezisebenzi okuphawulekayo kodwa okungenakunqotshwa. Ngokutshala imishini, ukuhlanganisa ingxubevange, kanye nokuthatha izindlela ezintsha, ohulumeni bendawo bangaqhubeka bevikela futhi bathuthukise impilo yemiphakathi yabo.

Njengoba isizwe sibheka esimisweni sezempilo esiqinile nesilinganayo, indima kahulumeni wendawo kumelwe iqiniswe, hhayi inciphe. Ukusekela iminyango yezempilo yendawo ngezimali ezisekelayo, ezobuchwepheshe zanamuhla, kanye nezisebenzi ezinekhono kuyisici sesisekelo sempilo yomphakathi. Izinhlangano ezitshala imali engokwanele empilweni yohulumeni ziyolungiselelwa kangcono umqedazwe olandelayo, uhlonyiselwe kangcono ukubhekana nesifo esingamahlalakhona, futhi zibekwe kangcono ekuthuthukiseni impilo yabo bonke abantu.