Indima Yomngcwabo: Isiqondiso Esiphelele Senkonzo KaJury

Inkonzo kaJury ingenye yezindlela eziqondile izakhamuzi ezivamile ezihlanganyela ngayo ekuqondiseni ubulungisa. Uma uthola isimemo samajaji, uba yingxenye yesiko elibaluleke kakhulu emakhulwini eminyaka adlule futhi lihlale libalulekile ekubekeni imithetho elungile. Ukuqonda indima yomsizi wejaji kukusiza ukuba ufinyelele lo msebenzi wesizwe ngokuqiniseka nangokucacile.

Kusukela ekukhetheni izinto ezizokusiza lapho uqulwa icala noma ucabanga, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhathazekile, unelukuluku, noma awuqiniseki ngesabelo sokusebenza njengomsizi wejaji, wazi ukuthi yini ozoyilindela kuyokusiza ukuba ufeze indima yakho ngokuphumelelayo.

Uyini Umnyulu?

Ijaji umuntu okhethwe ukuba akhonze ejajini, indikimba yezakhamuzi efunwe ihlangene ukuze izwe ubufakazi futhi ikhiphe isinqumo ecaleni elingokomthetho. Abaqondisi benza njengabathumeli abangakhethi, bahlola ubufakazi obunikezwa yizo zombili izinhlangothi futhi basebenzise umthetho njengoba usiyaliwe umahluleli. Isimiso sabahluleli sincike esimisweni sokuthi iqembu labantu abavamile, elimelela ingxenye eyisiphambano yomphakathi, lingafinyelela isinqumo esilungile nesilungile.

Inkonzo kaJury iyilungelo futhi inomthwalo wemfanelo. Iqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela engokomthetho ibonisa izindinganiso zomphakathi kanye nokuqonda okuvamile kunokubonisa kuphela isahlulelo somahluleli noma umshushisi. IziNguqulo zeSi6 nesesikhombisa zoMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. ziqinisekisa ilungelo lokuqulwa kwecala lejaji ezigebengwini nasemacaleni athile omphakathi, zigcizelela ukubaluleka okuyisisekelo kwejaji esimisweni sobulungisa.

Imvelaphi Engokomlando Yesimiso Sokugcina Iminyaka

Isimiso sanamuhla sabahluleli siqala eNgilandi ephakathi nenkathi ephakathi.IMagna Carta ka - 1215 yahlanganisa amalungiselelo abeka isisekelo sokuqulwa icala ngabasizi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lomqondo wavela eqenjini lofakazi elalazi iqiniso laba iqembu elingakhethi elizwa ubufakazi bunikezwa enkantolo.

Amakoloni amaNgisi aletha inqubo yamajaji eMelika, lapho yaba khona itshe eliyinhloko lomthetho wezwe elisha. Namuhla, ukuqulwa kwecala kuseyisici esichaza kokubili umthetho wobugebengu nomthetho wesizwe e-United States kanye namanye amazwe amaningi omthetho ovamile. Ukuqonda lomlando kusiza abahluleli ukuba baqaphele isimiso manje abaseyingxenye ye-orgo.

Izinhlobo Ze - yurors Neziphuzo

Uhlobo lwecala nesigaba secala kunquma ukuthi ungumsizi omkhulu yini noma uyijaji eliqulwa icala.

I - “i -“ jur ” enkulu ”

Kunalokho, ibukeza ubufakazi obunikezwa umshushisi obubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba kubekwe icala elingokomthetho lokumangalela umuntu owenze ubugebengu. Izikhulu zejaji ngokuvamile zihlanganisa amalungu angu - 16 kuya kwangu - 23 futhi zihlangane ngasese. Umsebenzi wazo ungathatha amasonto noma izinyanga, kuye ngokuthi ukucubungula kuyinkimbinkimbi.

Uma ukhonza eqenjini elikhulu labasizi bejaji, uyozwa kuphela ingxenyana i’ uhlangothi lwecala. Awunqumi isinqumo; unquma ukuthi bukhona yini ubufakazi obanele obungaqhubeka kuze kuqulwe icala.

Abahlaziyi Bezokwahlulela (Izinsimbi Zokuqulisa Izimvu)

Ijaji lenkantolo, elibizwa nangokuthi ijaji eliyijaji eliqinile, lizwa icala lonke enkantolo esobala. Balalela ubufakazi obuvela kokubili kumacala amacala ombango nolwempi (noma ummangalelwa emacaleni omphakathi), baqaphela ubufakazi, futhi bathola iziyalezo zomahluleli ngomthetho ohlobene nomthetho. Khona - ke bathatha isinqumo esivumelanayo emacaleni obugebengu (noma ukuqulwa okukhulu emacaleni athile omphakathi).

Emacaleni obugebengu kahulumeni, izinkantolo ngokuvamile zinamalungu angu - 12, emacaleni omphakathi, zingase zibe namalungu angu - 6 kuya kwangu - 12.

Ukufanelekela Ukuba Umsizi

Ukuze usebenze njengejaji, kumelwe uhlangabezane nezimfuneko eziyisisekelo zokuthola inzuzo.

  • Ukuba isakhamuzi sase - United States
  • Ukuba okungenani neminyaka engu - 18 ubudala
  • Ukuphindela esifundeni sokwahlulela okungenani unyaka owodwa
  • Ukuba okwaziyo ukufunda, ukubhala nokuqonda isiNgisi
  • Ukungakufanelekeli ukubhekana nesimo sengqondo noma esingokomzimba esivimbela inkonzo
  • Ukuba nenkolelo yokungavumelani nezindaba zomphakathi ngaphandle kokuba ubuyiselwe amalungelo akho

Izinkantolo zikhetha ngokungazifuni abameleli bejaji abavela emithonjeni enjengokubhalisa, umshayeli i-’ amarekhodi emvume, namakhadi okuchaza umbuso. Uma uthola i-asta, kumelwe uphendule ngokushesha. Ukwehluleka ukuvela kungaphumela ekukhokheleni ifa noma kwezinye izijeziso.

Inqubo Yokukhetha I - Jury: Ukubhodla Kwezimbali

Voirdad, igama lesiFulentshi elisho i-“to likhuluma iqiniso, i-̵ iyinqubo esetshenziselwa ukukhetha ijaji elingakhethi. Lenkathi ebucayi iqinisekisa ukuthi abahluleli bangabekela eceleni ubandlululo lomuntu siqu futhi banqume icala ngokusekelwe kuphela ebufakazini.

Izinombolo Ezifushanisiwe Nemibuzo Ephambili

Inkonzo yakho iqala lapho uthola iposi. Iposi likutshela ukuthi ungabika nini nokuthi ungafaka kuphi futhi ungafaka i-apply ngesizinda sakho nangesimo sakho sengqondo. Gcwalisa i-metage ngokwethembeka; izimpendulo zakho zisiza inkantolo ukuba inqume ukuthi ufanelekela kuphi inkonzo.

Ukuvela Enkantolo

Izisebenzi zenkantolo noma ijaji linikeza isiqondiso sokuchaza le nqubo, bese iqembu labazokwahlulela libizwa enkantolo. Ijaji lifaka icala kanye neqembu lamaqembu.

Ukubuza Omakhekhela Nejaji

Ama - athorney ohlangothi lombili, futhi ngezinye izikhathi umahluleli, abuza imibuzo ukuze uthole ubandlululo olungathinta ikhono lakho lokwahlulela ngendlela elungile. Imibuzo evamile iyamboza:

  • Umsebenzi wakho nemfundo
  • Noma yikuphi ukuxhumana komuntu siqu noma okungochwepheshe necala, amaqembu, noma abameli
  • Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho esimisweni somthetho (isib., njengesisulu, ufakazi, noma ijaji langaphambili)
  • Imibono yakho ngomthetho, ukugcinwa komthetho, noma izindaba ezithile ezinjengokuzilimaza noma ukulimala
  • Ingabe ungalandela ijaji i’ ubeka eceleni imibono yakho siqu

Izinselele Zezimbangela Nezinselele Ezivivinyayo

Uma ummeli ekholelwa ukuthi awunakukhetha, bangacela umahluleli ukuba akuxoshe i-#8220; ngokwesizathu. ̵ akukho mngcele kulezinselele, kodwa umahluleli kumelwe azivumele. Ama-Athorney futhi anenani elilinganiselwe lezinselele eziyekelelayo, eziwavumela ukuba ashaye umsizi ngaphandle kokunikeza isizathu. Nokho, izinselele zokuzisola azinakusekelwa ngokohlanga, ubuzwe, noma ubulili.

Lapho izinhlangothi zombili sezinelisekile ngeqembu, abasizi bejaji abakhethiwe bayafungela ukuthi abamele ukubusa baxoshwa noma babuyiselwe equlwini labasizi bejaji.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Yomlindi Phakathi Nokuqulwa Kwecala

Lapho usukhethiwe, ufunga ukuthi uzolinquma kahle icala futhi ungakhethi.

Ukulalela Ngokucophelela

Ngisho nemininingwane emincane ingathonya umphumela. Umahluleli angakuvumela ukuba ubhale amaphuzu, kodwa isinqumo sakho kufanele sisekelwe enkumbulweni yeqembu labasizi.

Ukugwema Ulwazi Lwangaphandle

Omunye wemithetho ebaluleke kakhulu ukugwema noma yikuphi ukwaziswa ngalelicala ngaphandle kwenkantolo. Ungaxoxi ngecala nanoma ubani ngaphandle kwabaphathi bejaji abakanye nabo ngesikhathi sokuhlongoza. Ungafundi izihloko zezindaba, ubheke imibiko yethelevishini, phenya i-intanethi, noma uvakashele isenzakalo esishiwoyo. Ukusebenzisa imithombo yezindaba ngecala kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele futhi kungaholela ekumangalelweni okungafanele.

Ukuhlala Ungakhethi

Ungaphethi izingcingo kuze kube yilapho uzwa bonke ubufakazi futhi uthola iziyalezo zokugcina kumahluleli. Ungaqali umbono wokugcina kuze kuqale icebo. Uma kwenzeka okuthile okukwenza ungabaze ikhono lakho lokwahlulela kahle, tshela umahluleli ngokushesha.

Ukulandela Ijaji ’ Iziyalezo

Ijaji i-’ iziyalezo zichaza umthetho okumelwe uwusebenzise. Ngokwesibonelo, umahluleli uzochaza umthwalo wobufakazi (“ ngaphandle kokungabaza okunengqondo i-̵ emacaleni obugebengu; “ ukubheka phambili kobufakazi i-̵ ezicaleni eziningi zomphakathi). Kumelwe ulandele lezi ziyalezo ngisho noma wena ngokwakho ungavumelani nomthetho.

Indima Yezigebengu eziphikisanayo. Icala Lomphakathi

Inkonzo kaJury ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwecala.

Ukulingwa Kwezigebengu

Ecala lobugebengu, uhulumeni (ummangaleli) umangalela ummangalelwa ngecala elithile. Umshushisi kumelwe afakazele ummangalelwa i-̱ icala ngaphandle kokungabaza okunengqondo. Ummangalelwa akudingeki abonise ukuthi akanacala. Uma abahluleli bethola ummangalelwa enecala, uma ijaji lizokhipha isigwebo. Uma abahluleli bethola ukuthi akanacala, ummangalelwa uyakhululeka.

Ukuvivinywa Kwangaphakathi

Endabeni yomphakathi, elinye iqembu (iqembu) limangalela elinye (indiza) ukuze lithole imali noma olunye usizo. I-paltiff kumelwe ifakazele lokho ekushoyo ngokuhlola ubufakazi", okusho ukuthi kuyiqiniso kakhulu kunangenjalo. Emacalani omphakathi inqunywa icala, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, isibalo somonakalo.

Ukuzinqumela Nokufinyelela Isijeziso

Ngemva kokuphetha izimpikiswano nejaji i-’ iziyalezo, abasizi bejaji bathatha umhlalaphansi bangene endlini yokuzinqumela ukuze baxoxe ngecala. Lesi isikhathi sakho sokuxoxa ngobufakazi, ukuxazulula ukungezwani, futhi ufinyelele isinqumo esivumelanayo noma esiwubuqhawe.

Ukukhetha I - secopperson

Isinyathelo sokuqala ngokuvamile ukuvota umholi (obizwa futhi ngokuthi umengameli). umholi uhola izingxoxo, uqinisekisa wonke umuntu ukuba abe nethuba lokukhuluma, futhi axhumane nomahluleli.

Izakhiwo Zeziphetho

Izenzo zokweqa umthetho zingaba ezihlelekile noma ezishubile. Izikhulu ezinhle zilalelana, zihlole ubufakazi futhi ziphinde zihlole umbono wokuqala. Kungase kudingeke ukuba ubukeze imibukiso, ufunde ubufakazi beqophelo, noma ubuze umahluleli imibuzo ngomthetho. Inkantolo inganikeza umbiko oqoshiwe noma ubufakazi obungacatshangelwe lapho ucelwa.

Ukufinyelela Ubuntu Obungenabunono

Uma abahluleli bengenakuvumelana ngemva kokuphenya okukhulu, umahluleli angakhipha icala eliyiphutha ngenxa yejaji elilengiswe enkantolo. Emacaleni omphakathi, amanye amazwe amukela abantu abathathu kwabane noma abesithupha. Uma ijaji lizokuyala ngemfuneko eqondile.

Inkululeko Yokuzimela

Hlakulela imibono engafani. Ungasheshi ukwenze isinqumo sokuya ekhaya.

Ukuqonda Imfihlo Yokuchaza Amagama Angokomthetho

Ukujwayelana namagama avamile angokomthetho kusiza abasizi bejaji ukuba balandele izenzakalo. Nazi izincazelo zamagama abalulekile ozowezwa:

  • Plaintiff:[ Umuntu noma iqembu eliletha icala enkantolo enkantolo yomphakathi.
  • I-Defantint:[ Umuntu noma iqembu elibekwe icala lobugebengu noma ukumangalelwa enkantolo yomphakathi.
  • Umthumeli: Ummeli omelela uhulumeni ecaleni lobugebengu.
  • Isibopho sokufakaza ngamacala. Emacala obugebengu, umshushisi uthwele umthwalo ngokungenakungatshazwa. Ezicabeni zomphakathi, ummangalelwa uthwele umthwalo ngokucabangisisa ubufakazi.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Icala:[ Ubufakazi, amabhukwana, izinto, noma okunye ukwaziswa okunikezwa ukuqinisekisa amaqiniso.
  • Into eyenzekayo:[ Ukuviva ummeli ukuthi umbuzo noma ubufakazi buphula imithetho ehleliwe. Umahluleli ushaya umthetho ngokuphikisa.
  • Icala: Ijaji ’ izinqumo, njengonecala/onecala noma onecala/ongenakubekwa necala.
  • Icala: Icala elingokomthetho elikhishwe amajaji amakhulu.
  • [ UFakazi: [ Umuntu ofakaza ngaphansi kwesifungo ngalokho abakubona, abakuzwayo, noma abakwaziyo.

Imibono Evamile Enganembile Ngemisebenzi Yobusha

Abantu abaningi banezinkolelo ezinganembile ngenkonzo yamajaji ebangela ukukhathazeka okungadingekile.

Inganekwane: Ukulahlwa Kwethu Kuwudoti Wesikhathi

Nakuba inkonzo yamajaji ihilela ukulinda nokungaqiniseki, ayiyona neze into echithwayo. Unengxenye emsebenzini obalulekile womphakathi. Ijaji eliningi lithola okuhlangenwe nakho kufundisa futhi kuvuza. Izinkantolo zizama ukunciphisa iziphazamiso ngokunikela inkonzo yosuku olulodwa noma umshini owodwa nohlelo oluvumelana nezimo.

Inganekwane: Abakhohlisi Kumelwe Bawazi Umthetho

Umsebenzi wakho ukunquma amaqiniso asekelwe ebufakazini, hhayi ukuchaza imithetho engokomthetho. Uma unemibuzo, ungabuza umahluleli ukuba acacise.

Inganekwane: Ukukhonza Ebuncwabeni Kuyingozi

Inkonzo kaJury iphephile. Amakhothamo anezindlela zokuphepha, kuhlanganise nemishini yokuhlola insimbi kanye ne-bellors ̱. I-Jurress & 8817 ayivezeki emphakathini uma ikhetha ukukhuluma ngemva kokuqulwa kwecala. Emacaleni aphezulu e-profile, kungasetshenziswa izivikelo ezengeziwe njengemigede engaziwa.

Inganekwane: I - hung Jury Isho Ukuhluleka Kwesimiso

Ngezinye izikhathi abahluleli abakwazi ukukhipha isinqumo esivumelanayo, lokho akusho ukuhluleka, kodwa kuveza ubunzima becala kanye namandla emibono ehlukile. Uma umphethiswa umane nje usho ukuthi icala lingase lidinge ukuqulwa futhi nejaji elisha noma lixazululwe ngesicelo noma ukukhokhelwa.

Inganekwane: Abavukeli Bangadukiswa Futhi Akukho Okungenziwa

I-voir ehlasimulisayo iklanyelwe ukubona nokususa abasizi bokwahlulela abanobandlululo. Uma ijaji likhetha phakathi nokuqulwa kwecala, umahluleli angafaka enye indawo yejaji. Isimiso sihlola ukuqinisekisa ukungakhethi.

Amacebiso Kubantu Abaqala Ukuhamba Ngesikhathi

Uma uqala ngqá ukusebenza njengomajuri, lamacebiso ayokusiza ukuba usebenzise okuhlangenwe nakho:

  • [[UMTL:0] Ukushesha:[ Zinike isikhathi esengeziwe sokuthola ipali, udlule ngokulondeka, futhi ufune inkantolo.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Imisebenzi yebhizinisi ngokufanelekile:[ Inkokhelo ephephile. Gwema ubhogadi, amafishi, nokugqoka okungenanhlonipho okungase kubonakale.
  • Dwelisa ukwaziswa okufundwayo: Kungase kudingeke ulinde ngaphambi kokuba ubizwa. Incwadi noma umagazini ungenza isikhathi sidlule ngendlela ejabulisayo.
  • [ qaphela phakathi nempimo esabekayo: Phendula imibuzo ngokwethembeka nangokugcwele. Ukuthembeka kwakho kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ijaji elilungile nhlangothi zombili.
  • Thatha amanothi ngokuvunyelwa: ukubhala phansi amaphuzu ayinhloko kungakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ubufakazi nobufakazi phakathi nohlohlo-hlongozo.
  • Bekezela inqubo: Ukuqulwa kovivinyo kungahlanganisa izibambezelo, izikhawu, nezimpikiswano ezingokomthetho ongazizwanga. Thembela esimisweni.
  • Ungacwaningi ngecala: Umelana nesilingo ku-Google amaqembu, ukuhlola izindaba, noma ukubheka amagama angokomthetho. Thembela kuphela kulokho okunikezwa enkantolo.
  • Sebenzisa ingqondo enengqondo: okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho ekuphileni kuyigugu. Kusebenzise ukuze uhlole ukwethenjelwa kofakazi namandla obufakazi.
  • Cela ukucaciswa uma kudingeka: Uma ungaqondi isiyalo noma igama elingokomthetho, buza umahluleli. Inkantolo ikhona ukuze ikusize ufeze indima yakho.
  • Ungangeni emthonjeni wezokuxhumana: Ungabhali nganoma isiphi isici secala noma inkonzo yakho yamajaji kuze kube ngemva kokuqulwa kwecala, uma kwenzeka.

Amalungelo Nezivikelo Zezigebengu

Abavukeli banelungelo elibalulekile elivikela inkonzo yabo nenhlalakahle.

  • Ukuvikelwa ekuphindiseleni komqashi: nemithetho kahulumeni yenqabela abaqashi ukuba bashise, basongele, noma bajezise izisebenzi ngenkonzo yamajaji. Awukwazi ukusebenzisela iholide noma ikhefu lomuntu siqu emsebenzini wejaji, nakuba ezinye izifunda zivumela ikhefu elingakhokhelwa.
  • [ Indawo ezungezile ephephile nehloniphekile:[ izisebenzi zasenkantolo, i-pairf, kanye namajaji aqinisekisa ukuthi abahluleli baphathwa ngenhlonipho futhi inkantolo ihlale ilondekile.
  • [[[UMTL:0] Izindawo zokulala ezifanele ukukhubazeka: Uma ukhubazekile, inkantolo kumelwe inikeze indawo yokuhlala enjengokukwazi ukungena esihlalweni sabakhubazekile, usizo lokuzwa, noma abatoliki bolimi lwezandla.
  • Imali ekhokhelwa inkonzo: Izinkantolo eziningi zikhokha imali encane yansuku zonke yomsebenzi wokwahlulela, ngokuvamile phakathi kukaR35 no-R950 ngosuku, kanye nenkokhelo yemayela. Amajaji aphethe athola ama-50 (R1) ngosuku. Ezinye izifunda zikhokha ngaphezulu.
  • Imfihlo ye-pane: Izenzo zokwethulwa ziyimfihlo. Izingxoxo zakho azinakusetshenziswa kuwe noma kumacala ngemva kokuqulwa kwecala.

Izinguquko Nezinselele Esimisweni Samajukujukwini

Izinkantolo nezishaya - mthetho ziyaqhubeka zisebenzela ukulungisa izinguquko ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungakhethi nokuphumelela.

Ukuhlukahluka Nokumelela

Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi izinkantolo eziningi manje zisebenzisa imithombo eminingi ukuze zibe nezinhlu zejaji futhi zisebenze ngenkuthalo ukuze zinciphise izinhlobonhlobo zokukhetha. Uma ubizwa, ukuhlanganyela kwakho kusiza ukuba abasizi bejaji babonise ukuthi umphakathi unjalo.

Ubude Bokulingwa

Ukuqulwa kwecala okude kungaba umthwalo onzima kubaphathi bejaji. Amanye amagunya alinganisela ubude becala noma amasu okulawula amacala ukuze agcine amacala ephumelela. Izinkantolo zivumela abahluleli ukuba babuze imibuzo ngomahluleli uma kufanele.

Izinguquko Zezobuchwepheshe

Abakhokhi manje sebevunyelwe ukusebenzisa izinto zobuchwepheshe ezinkantolo eziningi phakathi nekhefu, uma nje bengafuni ukwaziswa ngalelicala. Ezinye izinkantolo ziye zamukela ukukhetha okukude kwamajaji noma izithombe ezixubile ukuze zinciphise inani lababekhona.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngezinguquko, bheka U.S. izinkantolo zenkonzo ye-Jury phease kanye ne American Bar Association ’ iziqondiso zendima yamajaji .

Isiphetho

Ukusebenza njengejaji kungenye yemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza. Ngokuqonda imithwalo yakho yemfanelo − ngokulalela ngokungakhethi nobufakazi obuhambisana nokuhlobana ngenhlonipho − usiza ekusekeleni umthetho futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi ukulingwa kulungile, kusobala, futhi kulungile. Nakuba inkonzo yamajaji idinga isikhathi nokunaka, inikeza nethuba eliyingqayizivele lokuhlanganyela ngokuqondile nesimiso somthetho futhi yenza umehluko osobala kubantu bangempela i̱ iphila.

Uma uthola imemo, thatha ithuba lokukhonza. Isimiso sobulungisa sixhomeke ezakhamuzini ezifana nawe ezizimisele ukubekela eceleni ubandlululo lomuntu siqu, ukulandela umthetho, futhi zisebenze ndawonye ukuze zifinyelele isinqumo esinengqondo. Ukuze uqhubeke ufunda ngamalungelo akho nangamathemba, thintana nenkonzo .gov umqondisi wejaji noma i-National Center for State Courts[. Ukuhlanganyela kwenu kuqinisa isisekelo sobulungisa kubo bonke abantu.