Table of Contents

Ukuqondisa abameleli kungezinye zezinqubo eziyisisekelo kakhulu ekubuseni kwentando yeningi. Kusebenza njengesisekelo sentando yeningi emelela abameleli bayo, kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zikhethe abantu abazosekela izithakazelo zazo, benze izinqumo zezimiso, futhi balolonge isiqondiso sikahulumeni endaweni, ezwe, nasemazingeni obuzwe. Ukuqonda indlela abameleli abakhethwa ngayo, izimiso ezihlukahlukene zokukhetha ezisetshenziswayo, futhi abavoti banika izakhamuzi amandla okuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo enqubweni yentando yeningi futhi bagcine izikhulu zabo zinecala.

Lo mqondisi obanzi uhlola imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi yendlela abameleli abakhethwa ngayo, kusukela ezimisweni eziyisisekelo zokhetho lwentando yeningi kuya ezimisweni zokuvota eziyinkimbinkimbi ezisetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unguvoti wokuqala, umfundi womphakathi, noma umuntu omane onesithakazelo ekuqondeni inqubo yentando yeningi kangcono, lesi sihloko sizokunika ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze uqondise indawo ekhethiwe ngokuqiniseka.

Isisekelo Sentando Yeningi Yabameleli

Idemokrasi emelela abameleli isebenza esimisweni sokuthi izakhamuzi zikhetha abantu ngabanye ukuba bamelele izithakazelo zazo kuhulumeni kunokuba zenze zonke izinqumo ngedemokrati eqondile. Lesisimiso sivumela ukubusa okunempumelelo kakhulu kuyilapho sisalondoloza ukulandisa kwentando yeningi. Abameleli basebenza njengezwi labameleli babo, baguqulele izidingo nentando ehlukahlukene zomphakathi ezinyanzelweni zomthetho nasezinqumweni zezimiso.

Umqondo wokumelelwa uvele ngokuphawulekayo emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka. Kusukela emadolobheni aseGrisi asendulo kuya emaphalameni anamuhla, izindlela abameleli abakhethwa ngazo ziye zacwengisiswa ukuze zibonise intando yabantu. Namuhla, izizwe eziningi zentando yeningi zikhetha njalo ngezikhathi ezinqunyiwe, ziqinisekisa ukuthi abameleli bahlala belandisa kulabo ababakhethayo nakulowohulumeni uveza imizwelo yomphakathi yamanje.

Isizathu Sokuba Ukukhetha Kubaluleke

Imisebenzi eminingi enzima embusweni wentando yeningi. Inikeza igunya kuhulumeni ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi labo abaphethe banemvume yababuswayo. Idala izinqubo zokulandisa, njengabameleli abahlulekayo ukukhonza izithakazelo zabo basengozini yokulahlekelwa izikhundla zabo okhethweni olulandelayo. Ukukhetha futhi kusiza ekushintsheni okunokuthula kwamandla, kuvumela izinguquko kuhulumeni ngaphandle kobudlova noma isiyaluyalu.

Ngaphandle kwalemisebenzi esebenzayo, ukhetho luhlanganisa inhloso yentando yeningi yokuthi zonke izakhamuzi zinezwi elilinganayo ngendlela ezibuswa ngayo. Ngesenzo sokuvota, abantu ngabanye basebenzisa ilungelo labo eliyisisekelo lokuhlanganyela ekulolongeni ikusasa lomphakathi wabo. Lesi sici sokuthatha iziphakamiso sentando yeningi sisiza ekukhuthazeni ukubophana kwesizwe, ukuqaphela okungokombangazwe, nomuzwa wokuhlanganyela umthwalo wemfanelo wokuhle.

Inqubo Ye - Electoral: Ukusuka Ekubhaliseni Kuya Emiphumeleni

Uhambo lokumemezela ukuthi ukuthatha isikhundla kudinga ukuthembeka, ngalunye luklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ubulungisa, ukuba sobala, nokufaneleka. Ukuqonda lenqubo kusiza abavoti ukuba baqonde ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kokhetho lwentando yeningi kanye nezivikelo ezisendaweni yazo ukuze bavikele ubuqotho obukhethiwe.

Ukubhalisa ngevoter

Ezimisweni eziningi zentando yeningi, izakhamuzi kumelwe zibhalise ukuvota ngaphambi kokuba zihlanganyele okhethweni. Ukubhalisa kufeza izinjongo eziningana: kusiza izikhulu zokhetho ukuba zilungise amabhulorho anembile abavoti, kuvimbele ukukhwabanisa ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi abavoti bathola izimvume ezifanele zesifunda sabo. Izimfuneko zokubhalisa ziyahluka ngokwemvume kodwa zihlanganisa ubufakazi besizwe, ubukhozi, nezimfuneko zobudala.

Inqubo yokubhalisa isiye yatholakala kakhulu emazweni amaningi, ngokukhetha ukubhaliswa nge-intanethi, ngokubhalisa okuzenzekelayo ngezinhlangano zikahulumeni, nokubhalisa okuthatha usuku olulodwa ezindaweni zokuhlola. Lezi zinguquko zizimisele ukunciphisa izithiyo ukuze zingenele futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo zingasebenzisa ilungelo lazo lokuvota. Nokho, imibandela yokubhalisa nezidingo kusabalulekile kulowo ozovota ukuba aziqonde futhi athathe uhambo.

Ukumisa Nokukhankasa

Ngaphambi kokuba abavoti bakhethe abameleli babo, abazothatha ijenali kumelwe baqale bangene emncintiswaneni. Inqubo yokukhipha izithombo ihluka kakhulu phakathi kwezimiso ze-votor ezihlukene. Kwamanye amazwe, amaqembu ezombangazwe anendima enkulu ekukhetheni abazongena ezingeni elingaphakathi noma emihlanganweni yamaqembu. Kwamanye, abazobhapathizwa bangahamba bezimele noma babhekane nezithiyo ezimbalwa zokuvela kuvoti.

Lapho sebeqanjwe, abavoti bahlanganyela emkhankasweni wokukholisa abavoti ukuba babasekele. Imikhankaso yanamuhla ihlanganisa ukuxubana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwemisebenzi ehlanganisa ukubonakala komphakathi, izinkulumo, izikhangiso, izimpande ezihlela utshani, futhi ngokwandayo, ukufakwa kwemishini ngemithombo yezokuxhumana nezindawo ze-inthaneti. Imithetho yezezimali yezezimali, ehluka kakhulu ngezimiso, izama ukulinganisela ukuxoxa ngokukhululekile kanye nokukhathalela kwemali kwezombangazwe.

Ukusakaza Amabhola

Isenzo sangempela sokuvota singathatha izindlela eziningi embusweni wentando yeningi wesikhathi esikhona. Ukuvota okungokoqobo ezindaweni zokuvota ngosuku lokhetho kusalokhu kuvamile, kodwa ama-oversion amaningi akhuliswe amakhetho ahlanganisa ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, amaposi, nokuvota okungekho. Lezi zikhombi zizimisele ukwandisa ukutholakala nokuhlalisa abavoti abangase babhekane nobunzima bokuvota ngosuku oluthile ngenxa yomsebenzi, ukuhamba, ukukhubazeka, noma ezinye izimo.

Umklamo webhola ngokwalo ubalulekile, njengoba amabhola angadida noma aklanywe kabi angaholela emaphutha abavoti nasemiphumela ephikisayo. Amabhola anamuhla angasekelwe ephepheni, kumshini, noma kuyinhlanganisela yawo womabili, kanye nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo ngokulondeka nokwethembeka kobuchwepheshe bokuvota obuhlukile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inqubo injani, isimiso esiyisisekelo sihlala sifana: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umvoti ngamunye ofanelekayo angaphonsa ibhola labo ngasese futhi ukuba libalwe ngokunembile.

Ukubala Nezatifiketi

Ngemva kokuhlola kuqediwe, inqubo yokubala amavoti iqala. Leliqophelo lihlanganisa ukugcinwa ngokucophelela kwamavoti, ngokuvamile anezingqimba eziningi zokuqinisekisa ukunemba. Izingqapheli zokhetho ezivela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene noma izinhlangano ezizimele zingahlola inqubo yokubala ukuze zithuthukise ukubonakala kahle nomphakathi emiphumeleni.

Uma amanani okuqala esephelele, imiphumela ivame ukuvela ngenqubo yokuqinisekisa izimpawu lapho izikhulu zokhetho ziqinisekisa khona imiphumela ngokomthetho. Emijahweni eseduze, ukulandisa kungaqalwa ngokuzenzekelayo noma kucelwe abazothatha izicelo. Yonke inqubo iklanyelwe ukulinganisela isidingo semiphumela efike ngesikhathi kanye nesidingo sokunemba nobuqotho ekunqumeni ukuthi ubani ozomelela abantu.

Ukuqonda Izimiso Zokusakaza Ezingafani

Indlela amavoti ahunyushelwa ngayo ezihlalweni ingathinta kakhulu imiphumela evotiwe kanye nohlobo lomfanekiso. Izimiso zokuvota ezihlukene zihlanganisa izindinganiso ezihlukene neziza kuqala, kusukela ekululani nasekunqumeni kuya ekulinganiseni nasekuqondeni. Ukuqonda lezizimiso kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi ukumelelwa ngentando yeningi kusebenza kanjani.

U-Past-the Post (Umthetho We-Platural Voting)

I-past yokuqala, eyaziwa nangokuthi ubuningi bokuvota, ingenye yezimiso zokhetho ezilula nezisetshenziswa kakhulu. E-United States, amazwe angamashumi amane anesithupha asebenzisa isimiso sokuqala-ubuningi besinye sovota ukuze akhethe abameleli bawo okhethweni lwama-2024. Ngaphansi kwalesi simiso, okhethayo othola amavoti amaningi esifundeni uwina isihlalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufinyelela inani elikhulu kangakanani.

Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-past-sendal ilula nokuqonda kwayo okulula. Abavoter bamane bakhetha umuntu oyedwa, futhi ozovota kakhulu aphumelele. Lendlela eqondile iveza abanqobi abacacile futhi ithambekele ekuthandeni amaqembu amakhulu, amisiwe, anganikela ekuzinziseni kukahulumeni. Isimiso futhi silondoloza ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwabameleli nama-contitue, njengoba isifunda ngasinye sikhetha ummeleli oyedwa.

Nokho, i-past-pad copyright inemiphumela emikhulu. Lokhu kungaphumela ekutheni umbhalisa ophumeleleyo athole amavoti ambalwa, okungashiya abavoti abaningi bengameleki. Isimiso futhi sithambekele "kumavoti agunyaziwe," lapho amavoti abazolahlekelwa abanathonya ekwakheni isishayamthetho sokugcina. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni lapho iqembu lizuza khona izihlalo eziningi ngaphandle kokuwina iningi levoti ethandwayo, kuphakamisa imibuzo ephathelene nokumelelwa kohulumeni ovelayo.

Ukumelelwa KwaleliGama

Ukumelelwa kweqembu kuyisimiso sokhetho esikhetha abameleli abaningi esifundeni ngasinye ngokwenani labantu ababavotelayo, ngakho uma ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabavoti bebuyela eqenjini lezombangazwe, abameleli beqembu bawina cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zezihlalo. Ukumelelwa kweqembu yisimiso sokhetho esivame kakhulu phakathi kwedemokrati yomhlaba.

Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokumelelwa ngokulingana siwukuthi ukwabiwa kwezihlalo kuyisishaya - mthetho kufanele kubonise ukusakazwa kwamavoti phakathi kwamaqembu noma abameleli. Injongo yezimiso ezinjalo iwukuthi wonke amavoti aphonswe, noma okungenani isilinganiso esikhulu, asetshenziselwa ukukhetha othile nokuthi ummeleli ngamunye engqungqutheleni ukhethwa ngenani elicishe lilingane lamavoti. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu ngezimiso ezizuzile, lapho uma ummeleli ewina amaphesenti angu-5, awina khona amaphesenti ayikhulu e-votayo, uwina khona amaphesenti ayikhulu esithombeni.

Izimiso zokumelelwa kwezindawo zezindawo zezinhlobo eziningana. Ukumelelwa kweqembu cishe kuvame kakhulu, lapho abavoti bekhetha khona iqembu kunokuba bakhethe abavoti, futhi izihlalo zabelwa iziphathi ezisekelwe engxenyeni yabo yokuvota. Ezinhlelweni zeqembu, kunokwehluka okungaphezulu phakathi kwezinhlu ezivaliweyo, lapho umkhandlu unquma uhlelo lwabazocela, futhi uvule uhlu, lapho abavoti bangathonya khona abavoti abathile abakhethwe eqenjini elithile.

Izinzuzo zokumelelwa ngokulingana zihlanganisa ukubonakaliswa okunembile kokukhetha okuthandwayo kumavoti ohulumeni, ukuncishiswa kwamavoti alahlwayo, nokumelelwa kangcono kwemibono emincane namaqembu amancane. Ngokungafani nokuthatha konke, ngaphansi kokumelelwa ngokwesilinganiso, amaqembu amaningi athambekele ekubeni nesikhulu esisodwa esikhethiwe esimelela umbono waso kuhulumeni. Lokhu kungaholela ezindlini zomthetho ezihlukene kakhulu nezihlanganisayo ezimelela kangcono izinhlobonhlobo zemibono yezombangazwe emphakathini.

Abagxeki bokumelelwa ngokulingana baphikisa ngokuthi kungaholela ezindlini zomthetho ezihlukene namaqembu amaningi amancane, okungase kukwenze kube nzima ukwakha ohulumeni abazinzileyo. Kungase futhi kunciphise ukuhlobana okuqondile phakathi kwabameleli nezindawo ezithile zendawo, njengoba abameleli ngokuvamile bekhethwa ezifundeni ezinkulu, ezinezingxenye eziningi noma ezinhlabeni zezifunda ngazinye.

Ilayisishi elishiwe-Choice

Ukuvota okuneqhaza eliqinile, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuvota okusuka ngokushesha noma ukuvota okuthandwayo, kumelela isisekelo esiphakathi kwezimiso ezilula zobuningi kanye nokumelelwa ngokulinganayo. Ngokuphazima kweso ukuvota kwasetshenziswa ezifundeni ezimbili (I-Alaska ne-Maine) kukhetho lwasekhaya lwa 2024 U.S. ngaphansi kwalesi simiso, abavoti abathatha izikhundla ngokuthanda kunokukhetha eyodwa kuphela.

Inqubo yokubala inqubo yokuvota okunqunyiwe isebenza ngokukhipha indilinga. Uma kungekho mvoti othola amavoti amaningi okuqala, umvoti onamavoti ambalwa kakhulu athathelwe imvume upheliswa. Uma umvoti wokuqala okhethwe nguye ofika ekugcineni, ovoti bayasuswa futhi ivoti incike ekukhetheni komvoti ngokulandelayo emzuzwaneni olandelayo. Le nqubo iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho omunye umvoti okhethiwe efinyelela iningi.

Ukuvota okunezinzuzo eziningana. Kuqinisekisa ukuthi abazozuza basekelwa kakhulu, njengoba kumelwe ekugcineni bafinyelele iningi kunokuba babe baningi. Kunganciphisa umkhankaso ophambene, njengoba abazovota benazo izisusa zokunxusa abanye abazovota okwesibili. Isimiso futhi sisusa "umphumela we-spoiler," lapho abafuna ukuvota behlukanisa khona futhi bevumela khona ongabathandiwe ukuba aphumelele.

Uma isetshenziswa ezifundeni eziningi, ukuvota okunezigaba eziningi kungaveza imiphumela elinganisiweyo ngesimiso esibizwa ngokuthi i-Obest - Toxe Vote (STV). Uvoti owodwa odluliselwayo yisimiso sokhetho oluningi lapho umvoti ngamunye evota khona ivoti eyodwa efana ne-colot ehleliwe, futhi amavoti angadluliselwa ngokwezinye izintando uma umvoti wabo othandekayo esuswa noma ekhethwa ngevoti enciphile. Inhloso ye-STV ibhekisa i-altial esekelwe kumavoti abekwe esifundeni lapho isetshenziswa khona.

Nokho, nakuba ukuvota okulinganiselwe nokumelela ngokwesilinganiso kuvumelana, futhi zinezinguquko ezihlukile. Ukuvota okuneziphetho ezihlanganyelwe kuseveza imiphumela ephumelele, kuyilapho ukuvota okulinganiselwe ezifundeni eziningi kungafinyelela ukumelelwa ngokwesilinganiso.

Izimiso Zokuxutshwa Kwemisebe

Amanye amazwe asebenzisa izimiso ze-operal ezixubene ezihlanganisa izici zezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Izihlalo ezixutshwe-i-millimeters (MMP) ezisetshenziswa emazweni anjenge-Jalimane ne-New Zealand, zivumela abavoti ukuba bavote kabili: enye i-memeli wesifunda sendawo kanye nenye yeqembu. Iqembu likhetha isilinganiso esiphelele sezihlalo, kuyilapho ezinye izihlalo zigcwaliswa ngabawini besifunda. Le mizamo yokuhlanganisa izinzuzo zokumelelwa kwendawo kanye nemiphumela elinganayo.

Ezinye izimiso ezixubile zihlanganisa ukuvota okufanayo, lapho ezinye izihlalo zabelwa khona ngokuvota ngobuningi futhi ezinye ngokuzimelela ngokwesilinganiso, kodwa lezizimiso ezimbili zisebenza ngokuzimele kunokuba zihlanganiswe njengaseMMP. lezi zimiso ezixubile zibonisa imizamo yokulinganisela izindinganiso eziphikisanayo ngokuhlelwa kwendlela yokuzikhethela, njengokulandisa, ukumelela isilinganiso sohulumeni, nokuzinza kohulumeni.

Izigodi Nemifanekiso

Indlela izifunda ezigwetshwa ngayo isho okukhulu ekumeleni nasekukhetheni imiphumela. Imingcele yesigodi inquma ukuthi obani abavoti abahlanganiswa ndawonye ngenjongo yokukhetha abameleli, futhi lamaqembu angathinta ngokuphawulekayo ukuthi abazocela ukuphumelela kuphi nokuthi yimaphi amaqembu azuza igunya.

Inqubo Yokulungisa Izinkinga

Emazweni amaningi, izigodi ezivotelwayo kumelwe ziphinde zikhishwe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kukhishwe ushintsho lwenani labantu. E-United States, lenqubo yenzeka njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi ngemva kokubala abantu. Zonke izifunda ezinamabalazwe ahlukene kuyadingeka ukuba zibukeze amabalazwe azo esifunda ngemva kwesikhathi ngasinye sokubala abantu okuthatha iminyaka engamashumi amabili ubudala ukuze kulandiswe ngezinguquko zenani labantu, kanti ngo-2024, izifunda eziningi zasebenzisa izifunda ezifanayo ezakhiwa emjikelezweni wokuvusenda ngemva kokubalelwa kwaba ngu-202020.

Inqubo yokulungisa imingcele iyahluka-hluka ngokwezimo. Ezinye izindawo zisebenzisa izikhomishane ezizimele ukudweba imingcele yesifunda, kuyilapho ezinye zishiyela umsebenzi kuhulumeni wezishaya-mthetho. Indlela esetshenziswayo ingathinta kakhulu ubulungisa nokumelela kwezifunda ezilandelayo, njengoba labo abadweba imigqa bengaba nezisusa zokukhetha amaqembu athile.

Ukusebenzisa I - Gerrymandering Nemiphumela Yayo

UGerrymandering ubhekisela ekushintshweni kwemingcele yesifunda ukuze kuthandwe izithakazelo ezithile zezombangazwe. Lomkhuba ungathatha izindlela eziningi, kuhlanganise "ukuphaka" abavoti bokuphikiswa ezifundeni ezimbalwa ukuze banciphise ithonya labo kwezinye izindawo, noma "ukujikijela" ezifundeni eziningi ukuze banciphise amandla abo okuvota. Amabalazwe aye ashintsha noma ashintsha ezifundazweni eziningi, ngokuvamile ngenxa yezinselele ezingokomthetho ezenziwe ngesisekelo sezombangazwe noma ngesizwe.

Izimiso ezithatha wonke umtapo zithambekele kakhulu ekusebenziseni imingcele yesifunda, njengoba ukulawulwa kwemingcele yesifunda kungaba nemiphumela engcono uma kukhethwa ummeleli oyedwa kuphela esifundeni ngasinye. Lokhu kuthinteka kuye kwaholela ezinkingeni eziningi ezingokomthetho neziqhubekayo zokuqinisekisa imingcele elungile yesifunda.

Imiphumela yokuzimela ingadlulela ngalé kwemiphumela esheshayo yokukhetha. Izifunda ezingase ziholele zinganciphisa ukuncintisana kwezekhethelo, njengoba izihlalo ezilondekile ziqeda inselele futhi zinciphisa izisusa zokuba abameleli baphendule bonke abantu. Zingasiza futhi ekungcoliseni izombangazwe, njengoba abameleli abavela ezifundeni eziphephile bengase babhekane nokucindezela okukhulu okuvela ekuvotisisweni okungokwemibono ukweqisa kunakuvela kubantu abavamile abakhethayo.

Isilinganiso Nomfanekiso Wesigodi

Ubukhulu besigodi-$(ubukhulu)) inani labameleli abakhethwe esifundeni ngasinye (iyisici esibalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi imiphumela ye-votor elinganiswe kanjani. Izigodi ezingazodwa, ngokwencazelo, azinakuveza imiphumela elinganayo, ngoba umuntu oyedwa kuphela ongaziwina isihlalo ngasinye. Izigodi eziningi, ngokuphikisanayo, zivumela imiphumela eminingi elinganayo, futhi izifunda ezinkulu kakhulu ziveza imiphumela elinganayo.

Cishe izimemezelo zentando yeningi zomhlaba ezicishe zibe ntathu zikhethwa ngokusebenzisa ukumelelwa kwe-partial, futhi izimiso zePR zonke ziveza izigodi ezinezingxenye eziningi lapho i-projectistive ngayinye ikhetha khona ngaphezulu kommeleli oyedwa. Ubukhulu balezizifunda abuthinti ukulingana kuphela kodwa futhi nendlela yokumelelwa, njengoba izifunda ezinkulu zingase zinciphise ukuhlobana phakathi kwabameleli ngabanye nemiphakathi ethile.

Ukuqapha Nokupha Amalungelo

Ukunquma ukuthi ubani onelungelo lokuvota umbuzo obalulekile kunoma isiphi isimiso sentando yeningi.

Izimfuneko Zobudala

Cishe zonke imibuso ebusa ngentando yeningi ibeka inkathi yokuvota elinganiselwe, ngokuvamile eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala. Lesi sikhathi sibonisa izahlulelo eziphathelene nalapho abantu bekhule ngokwanele futhi besengozini emphakathini ukuba bahlanganyele ezinqumweni zokuvota. Amanye amazwe aye azama iminyaka ephansi yokuvota okhethweni oluthile, kanye nabasekeli bephikisa ngokuthi izakhamuzi ezisencane zithinteka ngezinqumo zezombangazwe futhi kufanele zibe nezwi lokuzenza.

Inkathi yokuvota iye yaqala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi emazweni amaningi. Ngokwesibonelo, eUnited States, inkathi yokuvota yehliswa kusukela ku-21 kuya ku-18 kuya ku-18 kuya ku-26 yeSichibiyelo ngo-1971, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yezimpikiswano zokuthi labo abadala ngokwanele ukuba kubuthwe ukuze bangene empini kufanele bakwazi ukuvota. Lokhu kuziphendukela kwemvelo okungokomlando kubonisa ukushintsha kwemibono yezenhlalo ngezakhamuzi, ukuvuthwa nokuhlanganyela kwezombangazwe.

Ukuba Izakhamuzi Nokuzivumelanisa Nendawo

Ukuba isakhamuzi kuyimfuneko yokuvota kukhetho lwesizwe, nakuba eminye imikhandlu ivumela izakhamuzi ezingakhokhi ukuba zivote kukhetho lwendawo. Izimfuneko zokuvota ziqinisekisa ukuthi abavoti bahlobene ngempela nomphakathi abavota kuwo futhi bavimbele abantu ukuba bavote ezindaweni eziningi.

Izimfuneko eziqondile zokuhlala ziyahlukahluka, kanti ezinye izindawo ezifuna kuphela ukuba abavoti bahlale ezindaweni ezithile ngosuku lokhetho, kuyilapho abanye bemisa inkathi ethatha isikhathi eside yokuhlala. Lezi zimfuneko kumelwe zilinganisele umgomo wokuqinisekisa ukuhlangana komphakathi kwangempela nesidingo sokugwema ukuhlukanisa amanani abantu abahamba ngezimoto, njengabafundi, izisebenzi zezempi, nalabo abathutha njalo ukuze basebenze.

I - Voter ID nokuqinisekisa

Izindawo eziningi zidinga abavoti ukuba baveze ukuvota lapho bevota, nakuba izimfuneko eziqondile zihluka kakhulu. Ezinye izindawo zamukela izinhlu ezibanzi zezincwadi, kuyilapho ezinye zidinga izinhlobo ezithile zokuthola izithombe. Lezi zimfuneko zihloselwe ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi amavoti afanelekayo kuphela afaka amavoti.

Nokho, izimfuneko ze-ID zomvoti zihlala ziphikisana, nezimpikiswano ezigxile ekutheni zivimbela ukukhwabanisa ngokuphumelelayo noma kunalokho zidala imigoqo ethinta ngokungenakulinganiswa amaqembu athile abavoti. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi izimfuneko ze-ID eziqinile zingasusa abavoti abangenazo izincwadi ezidingekayo, ikakhulukazi asebekhulile, abambalwa, nezakhamuzi ezihlawulwa kancane. Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi izimfuneko ezinengqondo zidingekile ukuze kulondolozwe ubuqotho bokhetho nokuzethemba komphakathi emiphumeleni yokukhetha.

Ukubuyiselwa Kwamalungelo Okumemezela

Imibuso eminingi ivimbela amalungelo okuvota abantu ababoshelwe ubugebengu, nakuba izinqubo zihluka kakhulu. Ezinye izindawo zilahla ngokuphelele labo abanezenkolo ezinecala, ezinye zibuyisela amalungelo ngemva kokuqeda isigwebo, kanti ezinye zivumela abantu ababoshiwe ukuba bavote. Lezi zinqubo ziphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekile ngokuphathelene nelungelo lobuzwe, isijeziso, nokuvuselelwa, nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo ngokuthi amalungelo okuvota kufanele abuyiselwe yini nanini kulabo abanezinkolelo zobugebengu.

Indima Yezidili Zezombangazwe

Amaqembu ezombangazwe anendima eyinhloko ezimisweni eziningi zentando yeningi zokukhetha, ezisebenza njengabaxhumanisi phakathi kwezakhamuzi nohulumeni. Ukuqonda ukuthi amaqembu asebenza kanjani enqubweni yokukhetha kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukubusa ngentando yeningi kwabameleli banamuhla.

Umtapo womtholalwazi

Amaqembu ezombangazwe enza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile ezimisweni zokuvota. Afaka abavoti nabathathi-nxaxheba, anikeza abavoti ngokukhetha okunobukhazikhazi futhi anciphise izindleko zokwaziswa zokuhlola abazobhapathizwa ngabanye. Amadili athuthukisa futhi athuthukise iziteshi zezimiso, anikeza abavoti umqondo wokuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe ziyobeka imibandela engcono uma zinikezwe amandla. Futhi bahlela imikhankaso, baqoqa abavoti, futhi banikeze imithombo kanye nokusekela abazofuna ukubhapathizwa.

Ngaphandle kwalemisebenzi yokuvota, amaqembu asebenza njengamabutho ahlelayo phakathi kwezindlu zomthetho, ehlela izenzo zezikhulu ezikhethiwe futhi esekela ukwakhiwa kwezinhlangano ezibusayo. Lendima yokuhlela ibaluleke kakhulu ezimisweni zamaphalamende, lapho ikhono lokubumba nokulondoloza iningi elibusayo lixhomeke ekuhlanganeni kweqembu nokubambisana.

Izimiso Zeqembu Nemiphumela Ejabulisayo

Inani nenkani yamaqembu ezombangazwe esimisweni esithile − "isimiso sengxenye"" ihlobene eduze nesimiso sokukhetha esisetshenziswayo. Izinqubo zokuqala-ngezikhombo zithanda izimiso ezimbili ezihlukene, njengoba amaqembu amancane elwela ukuwina izihlalo futhi amavoti angahlanganyela ekuvotelweni okusemthethweni ukuze agweme amavoti awo kwabaphumelele abangalindelekile. Ngokuphikisanayo, athambekele ekusekeleni izimiso zesigaba esihlukene, njengoba amaqembu amancane ethola izihlalo ngezabelo zamavoti ezilinganiselwe.

Isimiso seqembu sithinta ukubusa ngezindlela ezibalulekile. Izimiso ezimbili ezingamangxenye zingaveza ohulumeni abazinzile abanokulandisa okucacile, njengoba abavoti banganikeza kalula ukuboleka noma ukusola ngenxa yomsebenzi kahulumeni. Izimiso eziningi zinganikeza abavoti ukukhetha okwengeziwe nokumelelwa okungcono kwemibono ehlukahlukene, kodwa zingaholela futhi kohulumeni abahlangene lapho umthwalo wemfanelo ukhucululwa kakhulu khona nemiphumela yezimiso ixhomeke ezingxoxweni zeposi zokhetho phakathi kwamaqembu.

Ukukhetha Okuyinhloko Nokukhetha Okuyikho

Indlela amaqembu akhetha ngayo abazobhapathizwa iyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwedemokrasi. E-United States, okhetho oluyinhloko luvumela amalungu eqembu (futhi ngezinye izikhathi bonke abavoti) ukuba akhethe abameleli, anikeze izakhamuzi ezivamile ithonya eliphawulekayo kunabantu abakhethwayo. Amanye amazwe asebenzisa imihlangano yamaphathi, izinqubo zedipotimethi, noma izinqubo zangaphakathi zokukhetha abazothatha igalelo, ngamazinga ahlukahlukene okuhlanganyela kwamalungu.

Inqubo yokukhetha ithinta uhlobo lwabazohlolwa abathatha futhi bawine okhethweni. Izinqubo ezivulekile kakhulu zingaveza abazobhapathizwa ababonisa kangcono lokho abakuthandayo abasekeli beqembu, kodwa futhi bangathanda abazobhapathizwa ngokuqashelwa ngamagama noma ngokuqongelela ikhono labo abanolwazi lokubusa noma ulwazi lwezimiso. Umklamo wokukhetha ozokwenziwa uhlanganisa ukuthengwa phakathi kokuhlanganyela kwedemokrati, ukuhlangana kwedili, nemfanelo yabazohlolwa.

Imali Nenzuzo Yomsebenzi

Indima yemali okhethweni iyinto ehlala ikhona ezimisweni zentando yeningi.

Imithombo Yomkhankaso Wokuxhasa

Imikhankaso yezombangazwe ingasekelwa ngemithombo ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise neminikelo yomuntu ngamunye, ukusekela kweqembu, amakomiti ezombangazwe nakwamanye amazwe, ukuxubana kwemithombo yezimali kuthinta labo abangenza imikhankaso yokuncintisana futhi okungase kuthonye izimpikiswano abafuna ukuvelela nababezikhethele ngaphambili.

Imingcele yomnikelo ngamunye, lapho ukhona, ihlose ukuvimbela abanikelayo abacebile ekubeni nethonya elingalinganiseki kuyilapho besavumela izakhamuzi ukuba zisekele abazohlanganyela. Izimiso zezimali zomphakathi, ezisetshenziswa kwezinye izindawo, zizama ukulinganisela inkundla yokudlala ngokunikeza abazozuza imali kahulumeni abahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezithile, zinciphisa ukubaluleka kokuqoqa imali ngasese futhi zikwenze kube lula kakhulu kubantu abazoxoxa ngaphandle kokuxhumana nabacebile ukuba benze imikhankaso yokuncintisana.

Ucwecwe nokubona ngale

Izimali zokuthola izimfuneko zezezimali zokuthola inzuzo zigunyaza ukuba abazohlolwa kanye nababezothatha izikhungo babike imithombo yabo yezimali nezindleko. Lezi zinyathelo zivumela abavoti ukuba babone ukuthi ubani osekelayo ngokwezimali, okungase kuveze izingxabano zesithakazelo noma ithonya elingafanele.

Nokho, ukuphumelela kwezimfuneko zokwambulwa kuxhomeke ekutheni ukwaziswa kufinyeleleka kangakanani futhi kuqondakala kangakanani kubavoti abavamile. Izimiso zokubika ngobunkimbinkimbi noma ukudalulwa okubambezelekayo kungalinganisela ithonya elisebenzayo lezimfuneko zokubona kahle, kuyilapho ukubika kwangempela kanye nokuthola izinhlelo zobungane nomsebenzisi kungathuthukisa ukuqapha komphakathi izindlela zezimali zomkhankaso.

Izindawo Ezizimele Namaqembu Angaphandle

Ngaphandle kweminikelo eqondile kwabazokhetha, ukusetshenziswa kwemali yezombangazwe kungavela ngezindleko ezizimele zamaqembu angaphandle angahambisani ngokusemthethweni nemikhankaso.

Ukuvela kwezindleko ezizimele kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuphumelela kwemingcele yomnikelo kanye nokubonakala kwemali echithwa kwezombangazwe.

Ukuphatha Kokhetho Nobuqotho

Ukuqondisa okuwusizo kokhetho − ukubhaliswa kwevoti, ukusebenza ezindaweni zokuvota, ukubala amavoloti, nokuqinisekisa imiphumela — kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imiphumela evotiwe ngokunembile iveza lokho okuthandwa yivoti nokuthi izakhamuzi zithembele enqubweni yentando yeningi.

Izikhulu Zokukhetha Nokuqondisa

Izikhulu zikahulumeni zivame ukuphatha izikhundla zokukhetha emazingeni ahlukahlukene, kusukela kumakhomishane esizwe okukhetha kuya kumabhodi okhetho endawo. Ukuzimela nobuchwepheshe balezi zikhulu kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho bokukhetha. Kwezinye izimiso, izikhulu zokhetho zimiswa ngezinqubo ezingezizo ezesigaba ukuze zinciphise ithonya lezombangazwe, kuyilapho kwezinye zikhethwa noma zimiswe izikhulu ezisekelayo.

Izinqubo zokulawula, kuhlanganise nezingqapheli zokukhetha ezinhlanganweni zezombangazwe, izinhlangano ezizimele zokuhlola, nezingqapheli zomhlaba wonke, zinikeza ezinye izixwayiso zobuqotho bokukhetha. Lezingqapheli zingabona izinkinga, zinqande ukukhwabanisa, futhi zithuthukise ukuthembela komphakathi emiphumeleni yokukhetha ngokunikeza ukuqinisekiswa kwenqubo ngokuzimele.

Ukubala Ukulondeka Kwebhola Nokukhubazeka

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amavoti alondekile futhi abalwa ngokunembile kuyisisekelo sobuqotho bokhetho. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezingokoqobo kumavota amaphepha, izivikelo zokuvota nge-inthanethi, kanye nezinqubo ezicophelelayo zokuhambisa nokugcina amavota. Imithetho elandelwayo yokufaka imvume yokuwina umntwana ingabalwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphamba noma ukulahlekelwa.

Inqubo yokubala yamavoti ngokwayo ihilela izinyathelo eziningi zokuqinisekisa, kuhlanganise nokubuyisana kwenani lamavota afakwa nenani labavoti abahlolwa, ukuqhathaniswa kwamanani emishini nezinombolo zezandla ezikhokhelwayo, nezinqubo zokuxazulula ukungavumelani. Lezi zivikelo zihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela ebikwayo ibonisa ngokunembile amabhola akhandiwe, kuyilapho futhi kunikeza izinqubo zokuthola nokulungisa amaphutha.

Ukutholakala Nokuhlangana

Abaqondisi bokhetho banamuhla bagcizelela ukutholakala kwemvume, baqiniseke ukuthi bonke abavoti abafanelekayo bangahlanganyela kungakhathaliseki ukukhubazeka, imingcele yolimi, noma ezinye izinselele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunikeza izindawo zokuvota ezifinyelelekayo, ukuhambisa amavoti ngezilimi eziningi, ukuvumela usizo kubavoti abadinga ukuvota, nokunikeza labo abangakwazi ukuvota ngezinye izindlela.

Ngokususa imingcele ukuze umuntu ahlanganyele, lezi zinyathelo ziqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela yokuvota ibonisa lokho okuthandwa yibo bonke abantu abafanelekayo, hhayi nje labo ababhekene nezithiyo ezimbalwa kakhulu zokuvota.

Izinselele Nezinguquko Zesikhathi Esizayo

Izimiso ze - Electoral zibhekana nezinselele eziqhubekayo futhi zisemizamweni eqhubekayo yokulungisa ehloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukumelelwa kwabantu, ukwandisa ukuhlanganyela, nokuthuthukisa ubuqotho.

Ukusuka Ezindaweni Ezithile Nokuhlanganyela

Uhambo lwezigelekeqe luhluka kakhulu phakathi kwedemokrasi nokhetho, amanye amazwe ebona njalo ukuvota ngaphezu kuka-80% kuyilapho amanye ezama ukufinyelela ukuthatha iqhaza elingu-50%. Ukuphuma kwe-creaddat kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokumelelwa kwemiphumela yokukhetha nangokwempilo yokubopha kwentando yeningi. Izici ezithintekayo zihlanganisa ukuncintisana kokhetho, ukuvota kalula, ukubaluleka okucatshangelwayo kokhetho, kanye nezindlela ezibanzi zokubophana kwezivumelwano zomphakathi.

Imizamo yokwandisa ukuvota ihlanganisa ukwenza ukuvota kube lula kakhulu ngokuvota kwasekuqaleni nangeposi, ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo, ukwenza usuku lokhetho lube iholide, futhi kwamanye amazwe, imithetho yokuvota ephoqelelwe. Lezinguquko zibonisa imibono ehlukahlukene yokuthi kungani ukuvota kuphansi nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezingandisa ngokuphumelelayo ukuthatha isinyathelo ngaphandle kokuhlehla kobuqotho bokhetho.

Ukushintsha Kwesimiso Esivamile

Imibuso eminingi icabangela noma isebenzisa izinguquko ezimisweni zayo zokukhetha. Lezinguquko zisukela kushintsho olulinganiselwe, njengokwenza ukuvota okuneziqu ezizimele ezifundeni eyodwa, ukuya ekuhleleni kabusha okuyisisekelo, njengokusuka ekuqaleni kwe-pare - phambili kuya ekumeleni okulinganayo. Imizamo yokuguqula ngokuvamile isuka ekunganelisekini ngezimiso zamanje, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngenxa yokukhathalela ukumelelwa, ukuhlazeka, noma ezinye izinkinga ezicatshangelwayo.

Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukulungisa isimo, njengoba labo abazuza esimisweni samanje bengase bamelane nezinguquko ezinganciphisa impumelelo yabo yokukhetha. Imizamo yokuphumelela idinga ukuhlangana okukhulu, ukucindezela komphakathi, noma izimo ezingavamile zezombangazwe ezibangela amathuba oshintsho.

Ubuchwepheshe Nokukhethwa Kwabantu

Ubuchwepheshe bushintsha izici eziningi zokhetho, kusukela emishinini yokuvota kuya emishinini yokuvota kuleyo mishini yokukhangisa nge - Internet. Lezi zinguquko zobuchwepheshe zinikeza izinzuzo ezingase ziholele, kuhlanganise nokuphumelela okukhulu, ukuthuthukisa ukutholakala, nokuthuthukisa ukukhokha. Nokho, ziphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngokulondeka, ukuba wedwa, kanye nokuphazamisa.

Ukuzimela kwesimiso sokhetho sekuye kwaba yinselele enkulu kubaphathi bokhetho, bekhathazekile ngokuncishiswa kwezimiso zokuvota, izakhiwo zokuvota, nezimiso zomkhankaso. Ukulinganisa izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe nesidingo sokulondeka nokwethembeka kuseyinselele eqhubekayo, kanye nemibuso eminingi ethatha izindlela ezixube impumelelo yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezindawo zokuvikela.

Ukungaqondi Nobuqotho Obuphelele

Ukwanda kokwaziswa okungamanga noma okudukisayo ngokhetho, abavoti, nenqubo yokukhetha ngokwayo kuletha izinselele ekwenzeni izinqumo zentando yeningi. Ukuzisholo okungamanga ngezikhundla zomgomo kuya ekubhuquleni izinkolelo-mbono ngokukhwabanisa kokhetho. Amapulatifomu ezenhlalo aye aba izithakazelo ezinkulu zokungahambisani nokwaziswa okungamanga ngokushesha nangokubanzi.

Ukukhuluma ngokungavumelani nenkululeko yokukhuluma kuyinto elula kakhulu. I-appey ihlanganisa ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuhlola amaqiniso, imfundo yokufunda nokubhala, izinqubo zesiteji ezimelene nohlobo oluthile lokwaziswa okungamanga, nezimfuneko zokukhangisa kwezombangazwe. Ukuphumelela kwalezi zinyathelo kusaphikisana, njengoba kwenza indima efanelekile kahulumeni, izinkampani ezizimele, nomphakathi ekulweni nokungahambisani nokwaziswa.

Imibono Yomhlaba Wonke Ezimisweni Ze - electoral

Ukuhlola indlela amazwe ahlukene akhetha ngayo abameleli bawo kunikeza umongo obalulekile wokuqonda amandla nobuthakathaka bezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Nakuba kungekho simiso esisodwa esiphelele, ukuqhathanisa kwezizwe zonke kungakhanyisa ukuhweba namathuba okuguqula.

Amapalementi aphikisana nezimiso zikamongameli

Isakhiwo sikahulumeni sithinta indlela abameleli abakhethwa ngayo nendlela abasebenza ngayo lapho sebesehhovisi. Izimiso zePhalamende, lapho umphathi ethathwa khona futhi elandisa kumphathi wendlu yomthetho, ngokuvamile usebenzisa ukumelelwa kwe-ocestra nokugcizelelwa kweqembu. Izimiso zikamongameli, lapho umphathi ekhethwa ngokuhlukile, zingasebenzisa izimiso ezihlukahlukene zokukhetha kodwa ngokuvamile ziveza ukukhetha okusemkhandlwini kanye nesiyalo esincane esiseqenjini.

Lokhu kungafani kokwakha kuthinta ukumelelwa ngezindlela ezibalulekile. Izimiso zePhalamende ezimelela ukulingana zingaveza izishaya - mthetho ezibonisa ngokunembe kakhulu ukuhlukahluka kombono womphakathi, kodwa zingaholela futhi kohulumeni abahlangene. Izimiso zobumongameli ezinezingxenye eyodwa zingaveza ukulandisa okucacile nohulumeni abaqinile ngokwengeziwe, kodwa futhi zingaphumela ekuhlukanisweni kukahulumeni nomthetho.

Imiphumela Eqhathaniswayo

Izimiso zokhetho ezihlukene ziveza imiphumela ehlukene uma kubhekiswa kumelelwa, ukuqina kukahulumeni, nokusabela kwezimiso. Izimiso zokumelelwa komthetho zivame ukukhetha abesifazane abengeziwe namaqembu amancane, ziveze amaqembu amaningi ezindlu zomthetho, futhi zingasabela kakhulu ekushintsheni kombono womphakathi. Izimiso zemithetho yokuqala zivame ukuveza amaqembu ambalwa, ohulumeni abaqinile ngokwengeziwe, nokumelelwa okunamandla, kodwa zingaba yikho ukumelela okuphelele kombono wezombangazwe.

Lemiklamo yokuqhathanisa isikisela ukuthi ukukhetha kwesimiso sokhetho kuhilela ukuthutha okuyisisekelo. Asikho isimiso esingcono kuzo zonke izilinganiso ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi "itshe" kuxhomeke ekutheni iziphi izindinganiso nasemiphumeleni ebekwa phambili emphakathini. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhweba kubalulekile ezimpikiswaneni ezinolwazi ngoshintsho olungokokhetho nokwazisa amandla nokulinganiselwa kwezimiso ezikhona.

Ikusasa Lokukhethwa Kwabameleli

Ukuqonda izimo zamanje nezimpikiswano ezivelayo kungasiza izakhamuzi nabakhi bemithetho bacabange ngendlela eyakhayo ngekusasa lokumelelwa ngentando yeningi.

Izinguquko Nomfanekiso

Ukushintsha inani labantu, kuhlanganise nokuhlukahluka okukhulayo, ukuhlaliswa kwezindawo, nokushintsha kwezizukulwane, kuthinta kokubili labo abavotayo kanye naziphi izindaba ezihilelekile kukhetho. Izimiso ze-Electoral kumelwe zivumelane nokuqiniseka ukuthi ziyaqhubeka zinikeza ukuma okulungile nokuphumelelayo njengoba umphakathi ushintsha. Lokhu kungahilela ukuveza ukuguquguquka kwenani labantu, izinguquko ukuze kwandiswe ukuhlanganyela phakathi kwamaqembu angaphansi, noma izinguquko ekukhetheni izimiso zokukhetha ukuze kubonakale kangcono ukuhlukahlukahluka kwenani labantu.

Ukumelelwa kwezizukulwane ezisha kuyinto ekhathaza ngokukhethekile, njengoba abavoti abasebasha ngokuvamile behlanganyela ngamazinga aphansi kunabantu abadala abavoti futhi bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi izimiso zokuvota azizixazululi ngokwanele izinkathazo zabo. Ukuhlanganyela izakhamuzi ezisencane nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amazwi azo azwakala enqubweni yokukhetha kubalulekile empilweni ende yentando yeningi.

Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nezombangazwe Ezintekenteke

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nezindaba zendawo ezungezile kubaluleke kakhulu kwezombangazwe ezikhethayo, kuthinta kokubili izihloko ezidingidwayo nendlela abavoti abazenza ngayo izinqumo. Isimo sesimo sezulu eside sezinselele siphakamisa imibuzo yokuthi izinhlelo zokukhetha ezizilawulayo ezizinzile zingazixazulula ngokufanele izinkinga ezikhona phakathi kwezizukulwane. Abanye baye bahlongoza izinguquko ukuze banikeze izwi elikhulu ezizukulwaneni ezizayo noma basungule izinhlangano ezingathatha isikhathi eside izinselele zenqubo.

Izinselele Zomhlaba Wonke Nokubusa Ngentando Yeningi

Izinselele ezibhekene nemiphakathi − kusukela ekuhlaseleni kwezomnotho kuya ekuxhumaneni kwezomnotho kuya ekuthutheleni kwemingcele yezizwe futhi kudinga ukubambisana kwezizwe zonke. Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuthi idemokrasi emelela abameleli ingasebenza kanjani ngokuphumelelayo uma izinqumo eziningi ezibalulekile zihilela amazwe amaningi noma izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke. Ukubheka ukulandisa ngentando yeningi nokumelelwa kwezwe elihlangene kuseyinselele eqhubekayo yezimiso zokukhetha eziklanyelwe ukubusa kwezwe.

Ukuhlanganyela Nokusakaza Imisebenzi Eklanywe Kanye

Ukuqonda indlela abameleli abakhethwa ngayo kumane nje kuyingxenye yokuhlanganyela okuphumelelayo kwentando yeningi.

Ukucwaninga Izindaba Nezindaba

Abavoli bangahlola imithombo eminingi yokwaziswa, kuhlanganise namawebhsayithi afuna ukuvota, abaqondisi nezimpikiswano. Abazobhapathizwa bacabangela ukuma kwabo ezindabeni, okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo nezimfanelo zabo, ubuntu babo nobuqotho babo, nekhono labo lokumelela ngokuphumelelayo abantu abazothola ukwaziswa.

Kulesi sikhathi sokugcwala kokwaziswa nokungaqondi kahle, ukuthuthukisa amakhono okufunda emithonjeni yezindaba kubaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlaziya ukuthembeka kwemithombo, ukuqaphela ubandlululo, ukuhlukanisa iqiniso nombono ohlukile, nokufuna imibono ehlukene. Ukuvota ngolwazi akudingi ukuvumelana nombono othile, kodwa kudinga ukuba uhileleke ngokungathi sína ekukhetheni phambi kwabavoti.

Ngalé Kokwazisa: Ezinye Izinhlobo Zokuhlanganyela Kwezombangazwe

Nakuba ukuvota kuyisisekelo sokumela idemokrasi, akuyona kuphela indlela izakhamuzi ezingahlanganyela ngayo enqubweni yezombangazwe. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuthembisana zihlanganisa ukuxhumana nabameleli abakhethiwe, ukuya emihlanganweni yasobala, ukujoyina izinhlangano zezempango, ukuzinikela emikhankasweni, nokuhlanganyela ekuvukeleni ngokuthula. Lemisebenzi ingakhulisa amazwi ezakhamuzi futhi isize iqinisekise ukuthi abameleli baqhubeke besabela phakathi nokhetho lwabo.

Ukumelela okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwezakhamuzi nezikhulu zazo ezikhethiwe. Ngokuhlala zithembisene ngalé kosuku lokhetho, abavoti bangasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi abameleli babo bayakuqonda futhi basabele ezinkathazweni zabo, bakha isimiso sentando yeningi esinamandla ngokwengeziwe nesabelayo.

Ukufundisa Imfundo Embaxa - mbili

Ukulungisa izizukulwane ezizayo ukuze zihlanganyele ngentando yeningi kudinga imfundo eqinile yomphakathi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukufundisa ukuthi izimiso zokukhetha zisebenza kanjani, amalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo yobuhlalo, namakhono adingekayo ukuze kuhlangane nezombangazwe ngolwazi. Imfundo yeCivic ingaba khona ezikoleni, ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi, nasezingxoxweni zomkhaya, ukusiza ekusunguleni izakhamuzi ezinolwazi nezithembisene.

Imfundo yomphakathi ephumelelayo idlulela ngalé kokubamba ngekhanda amaqiniso ngohulumeni ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okucabanga agxekayo, ukuqonda imibono ehlukahlukene, nokuhlanganyela ekusebenziseni intando yeningi. Ngokufaka imali emfundweni yomphakathi, imiphakathi ingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izizukulwane ezizayo zikulungele ukuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo ekubuseni kwentando yeningi nokuvumelanisa izimiso zokukhetha ukuze zibhekane nezinselele ezintsha.

Isiphetho: Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Okuqhubekayo Kokumelelwa Ngentando Yeningi

Inqubo yabameleli abakhethayo iyinhloko ekubuseni kwentando yeningi, iguqulela ukukhetha okuhlukene kwezakhamuzi esenzweni sikahulumeni. Kusukela kumakheli ayisisekelo okubhalisa abavoti kanye nokuphonswa kwezimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi zokhetho oluhlukahlukene, ukuqonda indlela abameleli abakhethwa ngayo banika izakhamuzi amandla okuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo ekubuseni ngentando yeningi.

Izimiso ze-Electoral zihlanganisa ukukhetha okuyisisekelo ngezindinganiso nezinto eziza kuqala. Izimiso zemibhalo yokuqala-yokuqala zihlela ubulula kanye nokumelelwa kwendawo kodwa zingadela ukulingana. Izimiso zokumelelwa kwezindawo zijonge ukuboniswa okuqondile kokukhetha kodwa zingaveza izishaya-mthetho ezihlukene kakhulu. Ukuvota okukhiqizwe engxenyeni yesandla ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iningi liyasekelwa kuyilapho linikeza abavoti ukukhetha ukukhetha okungachazeki. Isimiso ngasinye sinamandla nobuthakathaka, kanye ne "imfanelo" nesimiso sincikene eqoke kakhulu emazisweni omphakathi.

Njengoba idemokrasi ibhekene nezinselele ezintsha − kusukela ekushintsheni kwezobuchwepheshe kuya ekushintsheni kwenani labantu kuya ekuxhumaneni kwembulunga yonke − izinhlelo zokuguqula izinhlelo ziyaqhubeka zisuka. Imizamo yokuthuthukisa ukuthatha isinyathelo, ukuthuthukisa ukuma, ukuthuthukisa ubuqotho, nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo. Ukuqonda lezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo nentuthuko kubalulekile ukuze ube isakhamuzi esinolwazi nokuhlanganyela okuphumelelayo kwentando yeningi.

Ekugcineni, izinga lentando yeningi yabameleli bentando yeningi alixhomekile nje kuphela ezimisweni ezingokomthetho zezimiso zokuvota kodwa nasekuhlanganyeleni komshado nokuhlanganyela kolwazi kwezakhamuzi. Ngokuqonda indlela abameleli abakhethwa ngayo, ukuhlala benolwazi ngezimpikiswano nabazofuna ukubhapathizwa, nokuhlanganyela ngentshiseko enqubweni yezombangazwe, izakhamuzi zingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukubusa kwentando yeningi kuhlala kusabela, kunesibopho sokulandisa, futhi kuphumelela ekukhonzeni okuhle okuvamile.

Kulabo abanesithakazelo sokufunda okwengeziwe ngezimiso zokhetho nokubusa kwentando yeningi, izinhlangano ezifana ne- Fairvote kanye [FLT]] ne Internationaltersworking for Democratic and Electoral Consolation[ zinikeza imithombo emikhulu nokucwaninga. U.S.S. Constaciation Commission[ inikeza ukwaziswa okuqondileyo kukhetho lwaseMelika, kuyilapho inikeza ukuhlanganisa okubanzilingeneyo kokhetho nokhetho. Lemicebo ingasiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde ngokwengeziwe ukuqonda kwazo indlela abameleli abakhethwe ngayo futhi bahlanganyele ngayo ngokuphumelelayo.