Ngaphesheya kweUnited Kingdom, amameya emeya emetro aye abonakala njengabaholi abawujuqu ekuthutheni amadolobha. Igunya lawo ekusebenziseni imali yezokuthutha, amasu ezindiza, kanye nokuhlela amandla akhethekile okuthuthukisa ukushintshela ezimotweni zikagesi (EV) kokubili ezinqoleni zempi yomphakathi nasendleleni yokutholwa kwabantu. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela amameya aguqula ngayo isimo sezulu esinesifiso esingokoqobo ukuba sibe isenzo esingokoqobo, kusukela ekwakheni kwamabhasi nasemikhandlwini ukuze akhe izinhlangano ezikhombayo ezenza imishini ezikhokhisayo zibe yimpumelelo kunoma ubani.

Indima Ephawulekayo Yezigelekeqe Ze - Metro Ekutholeni Izingane Zokutholwa

Izikhulu ze-metro ze-UK, ezibusa iziphathimandla ezihlangene emadolobheni njenge-Greater Manchester, West Midwants, West Yorkshire, ne-Liverpool City, ziphethe imibuso ehlukanisiwe ngezokuhamba, izindlu, nentuthuko yezomnotho. Lemibuso ihlanganisa ukulawula izimali zezokuthutha zendawo, ikhono lokumisa izimo zamatekisi nezimoto eziqashiwe, kanye nokuhlela izinqumo zokulawula izakhiwo. Kusukela omeya bokuqala be-meya beye bakhethwa ngo-2017, abaningi baye bafaka izithuthi ezihlanzekile ezingeni eliphezulu lezinhlelo zabo zezokuthutha, ngokuvamile beveza izisulu ezidlula izinhloso zikahulumeni wezwe.

Umphathi wemoto uphumelela kakhulu ngoba uhlanganisa ukwenza isinqumo sokubusa nokwenza ukulandisa kwentando yeningi. Amameya angathatha isinyathelo ngokushesha, ahlanganise ubuhlobo bomphakathi ngasese, futhi ahlanganise iziphathimandla eziningi zendawo ngalé kombono owodwa. Ukuze athole imoto ehamba ngogesi, lokhu kusho ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphuzu akhokhelwayo emingceleni eqinile, ukuthunyelwa kwamabhasi kagesi ahlangene, nokuthunyelwa okungaguquguquki kubantu abahlala ezindaweni nasemabhizinisini. Umphumela uvumelana kakhulu futhi ngokushesha kunokuba kungenzeka ngaphansi kwemithetho yendawo ehlukene.

Ifulemu Kazwelonke Negunya LaseMayoral

Uhulumeni we-UK ubeke isisulu sesizwe sokuqeda ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zepetroli nezodizili kanye namaveni ngo-2035, futhi ufuna ukuba wonke amabhasi amasha adayiswa eNgilandi ukuba abe yize kusukela ngo-2025. Nokho, ukubeletha kuxhomeke kakhulu ekuthatheni isinyathelo sendawo. Ihhovisi le DERO Euggger Vehicles (OZEV) linikeza ukuxhasa ukukhokhela indawo ehlalayo nemisebenzi, kodwa amameya ahlukanisa izindawo eziza kuqala futhi avumela ukuba kusetshenziswe ngezakhiwo zendawo.

Ama - mayres futhi anamandla okuveza i-Celean Moneral (CAZs) ne-Low Euggict Zones (LEZs) ngaphansi koMthetho we-Mbindi. La mazwe afuna izimoto ezindala, ezingcolisa kakhulu ukuba zingene emaphakathini edolobha, akha isisusa esinamandla sokuba abasebenzisi bemikhumbi nabantu ngabanye ukuba bashintshele kugesi. I-Ultra Low Euggict Zone (ULZ) iyisibonelo esivelele kakhulu, kodwa amadolobha anjenge-Birming, Bath, nePortsmouth nawo angene futhi angene ne-CAZs. AmaMay angakwazi ukunezela kulezi zinqubo zemikhumbi yemikhumbi kanye nezimali zokuguqula imikhumbi ukuze asekele amabhizinisi amancane nezindawo ezikhona eziphansi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UK’s e-Vhicle Infrastructive Stractive enyatheliswe ngo-2022] iveza umbono wezwe wezindawo ezifuna amaphuzu afuna ukuhlasela, kodwa inxusa ngokucacile kuziphathimandla zendawo ukuba zihole ekuhleleni nasekuqondiseni. Abameli bemeya bemeya, ngeziphathimandla zabo ezihlangene, babekwe kangcono ukuhlanganisa lokhu ngokwesilinganiso.

Izisulu Nentuthuko Yokuhlolwa Kwemikhumbi

Izimoto zilandisa ngengxenye enkulu kakhulu yegesi ekhishwayo yezokuthutha kanye nokungcoliswa komoya ngenxa yokuthi zithambekele ekubeni izifekethiso zika diesel ezindala ezishayelwa kakhulu emaphakathini edolobha. Ngakho - ke abagadi baye bafaka phambili ukukhiqizwa kwamabhasi, amatekisi, amaloli alahlwayo engqungquthela, nemikhumbi yempi yezisebenzi. Abaningi baye bahlasela umphakathi, futhi abanye sebezidlula.

ILondon – I - Ultra-Low Eugzing Zone neBus Fleet

IMayor yaseLondon, uSadiq Khan, ibiyiphayona ekusebenziseni iziqondiso nokutshala imali ukuze iqhubele ukutholwa kwabantu abashayelwa nge-EV. I-ULEZ yase-London, eyandisiwe ngo-2023 ukuze ihlanganise zonke izikhungo, ihlasela izimoto ezingahlangene $12.50 ngosuku, yandisa ngokuphawulekayo izindleko zokuhamba kwamadiesel amadala. Ngokuhambisana, umphathi wedolobha uye wazibophezela ukwenza wonke amabhayisekili eLondon ukuba ahambe ngo-2030. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu ngo-2025, amabhasi kagesi angaphezu kuka-600 ayasebenza – imikhumbi enjalo emikhulu eYurophu – nedolobha kusemkhondo wokulanda amakhulu engeziwe unyaka ngamunye.

I-Fort for London (TfL) futhi isebenza iqoqo elikhulayo lezindawo ezikhokha imali esheshayo zamatekisi nezimoto eziqashiwe, nezikhokhisi ezingaphezu kuka-500 ezifakwe kulo lonke idolobha. I-Gylight Vehicle Insfrabractive Plan ka-Epreblication ihlasela i-40 000 kuya ku-60 000 ekhotholweni ngo-2030. Impumelelo yendlela yeLondon yokukhokha isekelwe ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa okuqinile, ukubambisana komphakathi okuzimele, nentando yezombangazwe engaguquki.

IManchester Enkulu – IMigomo YoMkhandlu Ocebile

IMayor yaseGreater Manchester, uAndy Burnham, iye yabeka isisulu sokuguqula zonke izimoto zomkhandlu wedolobha – kuhlanganise namaloli omkhandlu, amapaki okulungisa amaveni, kanye namapaki ashayela omgwaqo – kugesi ngo - 2025. iManchester Explaned Aguement (GMCA) futhi ihlela imikhumbi yayo yamabhasi, izimisele ukuletha amabhasi ahamba nge - zero ngo - 2026 njengengxenye ye - Bee Network, isimiso samabhasi esinemishishishi enikeza umphathi wedolobha imikhumbi nezimoto.

Umkhiqizo wokwenza izakhiwo ugcina ijubane. Ukuthutha kweManchester Enkulu kuthumele abaqondisi bezokuthutha abaphambili futhi kusebenza nabasebenzisi bomuntu siqu ukufaka amaphuzu angaphezulu kuka-3 000 akhokhelwa umphakathi ngo-2026. I- Eccreate Air Plan [[[FLL:1] ihlanganisa nokusekela abashayeli bamatekisi abashintsha ugesi, kanye nemali nenzalo engenasinxephene ekhokhelo esekelwe ku-Ceac Moyer Fund kahulumeni.

IBirmingham – Indawo Ehlanzekile Yomoya Nezentengiselwano

Birmingham wasungula i-Cec Moyer Zone ngo-2021 efuna amabhasi amadala, abaqeqeshi, amatekisi, nezimoto ezisindayo ezingena phakathi kwedolobha. IMayor yeWest Midlands, uRichard Parker (owaphumelela e-Andy Street ngo-2024), uye waqhubeka etshala imali ezindaweni ezingezinye zedizili. I-West Middlands Exleted Authority (WKA) ibophekile ukuxhasa izimali zamabhasi asebenza ngogesi angaphezu kwenkulungwane, futhi iphuma ngenethingitha yezindawo zokuhlala ezihamba phakathi kwe-injini e-injini ehambayo nge-[[FLDPG] i-in West Midwallands[[FLD]]

Imikhumbi yezimoto yezentengiselwano yeBirmingham, kuhlanganise nezinqola zokuthutha amaphasela kanye namaloli asesitolo esikhulu, nayo ibhekene nemali enikezwa amabhizinisi ukuba athathe indawo yamaveni ka diesel ngemishini kagesi, futhi asebenze nezinkampani zemishini ukuze afake imishini efuna imali egciniwe. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwaleli dolobha kuqokomisa ukubaluleka kokusingatha izidingo eziqondile zezimoto ezinkulu zezentengiselwano, ezidinga abaqashi abanamandla kakhulu namakhono amade.

Glasgow – Umqondisi We - COP26 Noholayo Ngesibonelo

IGlasgow, njengoba inqolobane ye-COP26 ngo-2021, yabeka izisulu eziphambili ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kuqashelwe amazwe. Umkhandlu wedolobha wazimisele ukuzenzela imikhumbi yawo ugesi ngokugcwele ngo-2025, futhi kuze kube manje usuguqule amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-60 ezimoto zawo. Leli dolobha futhi lihlose ukuba namabhasi ahamba ngesivinini anqamule yonke i-'nethiwe ngasekupheleni konyaka ka-2025, isisulu esisekelwa ngemali eMbusweni kaHulumeni waseScotland o-On Fleants.

Imeya (umholi wedolobha likaGlasgow, umholi womkhandlu, osebenza phakathi nohlelo lwezentengiselwano zaseScotland) iye yasekela ukukhokha okukhulu okufinyelelwa obala, kuhlanganise nesimiso sabamangaleli abasheshayo emizileni emikhulu nasezindaweni zokupaka izimoto. Indlela yeGlasgow ibonisa ukuthi ngisho namadolobha anamandla alinganiselwe anciphisanayo angafinyelela intuthuko enkulu ngokuzinikela kwezombangazwe nangokubambisana nezinhlangano zesizwe.

Ukwakhiwa Kwezinto: Ukufakwa Kwezinhlayiya Nezitho Zokunyakazisa

Nakuba amameya engabeka izisulu zokusetshenziswa kwemikhumbi yempi, impumelelo yalezifiso ixhomeke ezisekelwe ezisekelweni ezikhokhelayo ezikhokhelwayo. Ukwakha i-nethiwekhi yomphakathi egcwele ingenye yezici eziyinkimbinkimbi nezibiza kakhulu zoshintsho lwe-EV, ezidinga ukuhlelwa ngokucophelela, ukutshala imali, nokubambisana okuseduze nabaqondisi bezokusakaza (DNO).

Ama - mays aye athatha izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokunqoba amabhodlela esisekelo. Abaningi baye bamisa izindikimba ezinikezelwe zokuthutha – njengeqembu le-Lick Point Operations noma i-Transport ye-Universal Instorapublicale Unit ka-Union ka-Greater Manchester ukuze balawule ukuthengwa, ukuhlelwa, noku-odola. Lezi zindikimba zisebenzisa ukwaziswa ekungeneni kwezimoto, ekupaka izimoto, kanye namakhono e-redigrid okuthola indawo ephambili yabakhokhi.

Inselele enkulu ukunyuswa kwezimiso zikagesi zendawo. Ababheki, ikakhulukazi labo abakwazi ukuhambisa u-15% kW noma ngaphezulu, badinga ukuhlelwa kwemigqa eqinile engathatha izinyanga noma iminyaka ukuqeda. Ama-may asebenza ngokuqondile nge-DNOS ne-Grid yesizwe ukwenza izinqubo ezilula zokuxhumana nokuthola izindawo lapho i-grid ikhona khona kakade. Abanye bahlola futhi ukugcina ibhethri kanye nama-microgrid asendaweni ukuze banciphise ukucindezeleka kwe-inethi.

Enye indlela entsha isetshenziswa kwemibhoshongo yezibani, esebenzisa izinsika zokukhanya zasemgwaqweni ezikhona ukuze inikeze izakhamuzi impondo ephuzisayo kodwa elungele ukuthuthwa ngaphandle kwe-patting. Amadolobha ahlanganisa iLondon, i-Oxford, neLeeds aye aqondisa lobubuchwepheshe, kanye nomphathi-meya osekela ukunwetshwa kwemifudlana enikezelayo. Ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivamile kuyagxeka emizini elinganiselwa ku-40% ye-UK engenakho ukuhamba ngemoto.

Ukunqoba Izithiyo: Izindleko, Ukukhathazeka Nokutholakala Kwebhetri

Naphezu kwentuthuko, imingcele eminingana iyaqhubeka inciphisa ushintsho lwe-EV emikhunjini yemikhumbi yempi yasemadolobheni nesisekelo. Izindleko ezingaphambili zezimoto zikagesi zihlala ziphakeme kunemishini elingana nediesel, nakuba ingqikithi yezindleko zokuphatha iphansi ngenxa yezindleko zikaphethiloli nezokulungisa. Izindleko zokuqala zemali zendawo zingaba isithiyo. Abakhokhi bemali baphinde basebenzise izimali zikahulumeni eziphakathi ze-Plugn-in Car Grant (manje zigcinelwe izimoto kodwa zisatholakala ngezimoto nangethekisi) kanye ne-ZEBRA (Izibonelo zokuthutha izifundazwe) izimali zezindawo zomphakathi wezwe.

Ukukhathazeka − ukwesaba ukuphelelwa intela – kulokhu kukhathaza abasebenzi bemikhumbi, ikakhulukazi amaloli empi kanye nezimoto zezinkonzo eziphuthumayo ezifuna umsebenzi. Ubuchwepheshe bebhetri buhamba ngokushesha, nezizukulwane ezintsha ezinikeza uhide lwamakhilomitha angu-50 kuya ku-400, kodwa izimfuneko zemikhumbi ethile zingase zidinge ukuhlelwa ngokucophelela kwendlela. Abagadi bakhuluma ngalokhu ngokuthumba ezindaweni zokugcinwa kwemikhumbi futhi ngokuhleleka bafake abakhokhi abakhokhi abaphethe emizini efanayo.

Iqoqo lebhetri linikeza izinselele kanye nokutholakala kochwepheshe abanekhono ekulungiseni nasekulungiseni nokulungisa nakho kuyanakekelwa. Iziphathimandla ezihlangene zifaka imali ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha ngamakholiji endawo futhi zisebenza nabakhiqizi ukuze ziqinisekise ukufinyelela kwenani eliphambili. Ngokwesibonelo, Energy Saving Trust[ inikeza isiqondiso kuziphathimandla zendawo ekusebenziseni kangcono kakhulu ukuguqula imikhumbi.

Izinzuzo Zezenhlalo Nezendawo Ezungezile Zokutholwa Kwabantwana Abangenamakhaya Emadolobheni

Ukududulwa kwezimoto zikagesi akugcini nje ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwecarbon; futhi kuyimfuneko empilweni yomphakathi. ukungcola komoya, ngokuyinhloko ezimotweni zika diesel, kubangela ukufa okulinganiselwa ku - 40 000 ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngonyaka e-UK, okuthinta ngokungenakuqhathaniswa imiphakathi encishwa indlala evame ukuba seduze nemigwaqo emikhulu.

Umoya ohlanzekile uholela ezimweni ezimbalwa zesifuba somoya, isifo samaphaphu, nezimo zenhliziyo, ukunciphisa umfutho ezingeni leNHS futhi uthuthukise izinga lokuphila. Loshintsho lunciphisa futhi ukungcola komsindo ezindaweni eziminyene zasemadolobheni, ikakhulukazi emabhasini nasemigqonyeni, ehamba ekuseni. Imigwaqo ethulile inezinzuzo zempilo engokwengqondo neyokulala.

Ukutholwa kwezimoto zikagesi kungasekela futhi ukunakekelwa kwezenhlala-khaya uma kunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Abagadi bahlola amaklabhu ezimoto zomphakathi ngezimoto zikagesi, benikeza imishini ephansi, ezokuthutha ezihlanzekile emikhayeni engakwazi ukuthenga imoto yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakwa kwezakhiwo ezikhokhelwayo ezindlini zezenhlalakahle yezenhlalo nezindlu zokuhlala kuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi ezingaphakanyiswanga zishiywa ngemuva. Umsebenzi womphathi-meya kulendawo ubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni izinzuzo zenguquko ye-EV zihlanganisiwe kabanzi.

Indlela Engaphambili: I - mayoral Coltuntry Nokulungisa

Alikho idolobha elingafinyelela ushintsho lwe-EV kuphela. Abavumisi basebenza ngokubambisana ngezimiso ezinjengeqembu le-Metro Mayors ye-UK neqembu le-Core Cities, bahlanganyela imikhuba emihle, amapulani, kanye nokwaziswa.

Ukubuyiselwa futhi kuqhutshwa ngemisebenzi yabashayeli. ELiverpool City Region, umphathi-meya usungule ukuhlolwa kwemigqomo ye-hydrogen enamandla eduze kwemidwebo kagesi ukuze ahlole ukuthi yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obufanelekela kangcono izinhlelo eziphezulu ezisetshenziswayo. EWest Yorkshire, umphathi-mameya uphayona “ohamba ngezimiso ezihambisana nezindawo zokulawula ilanga futhi asebenzise izintambo ezishintshashintshashintshayo zikagesi ukuze anciphise izindleko zabaphathi be-EV.

Uma bebheka phambili, omeya futhi bahlela ukuhlanganiswa kwezimoto zikagesi zibe yizintambo ezihlakaniphile, bevumela amabhethri emoto ukuba agcine amandla avuselelwe futhi awaphe amandla anqamulelayo futhi abuye awapheke phakathi nesidingo esiphezulu (vehicle-grid, V2G). Ukuqulwa kokuqala kwemoto eLondon nase Manchester kuye kwabonisa imiphumela ethembisayo, futhi imeya manje ifuna izinguquko ezingenza iziphathimandla zendawo zikwazi ukulawula izinhlelo ze-V2G.

Ukuzimisela kukahulumeni we-UK ukukhipha ithumbu lenetha ngo-2050, kuhlangene nesilinganiso esikhulu sezesisekelo esidingekayo, kusho ukuthi indima yemeya izokhula. Abaningi manje babiza imibuso emikhulu yezentengo, kuhlanganise nekhono lokufaka intela yemoto yendawo noma ukugcina ingxenye yemali ediliselwa i-EV. Uma ikhona, lamandla angasheshisa ukushintshwa.

Imeya ye-UK ifakazela ukuthi ukuhola okuqinile, okuqondiswe kakhulu kunganqoba iqoqo lezimiso ezinkulu. Ngenhlanganisela yezimiso, ukutshala imali, ukubambisana, nokunxenxa, baguqula imikhumbi yempi yamadolobha, bandisa izinhlanganisela zezimoto ezikhombayo, futhi babonisa ukuthi izimoto zikagesi aziyona nje isidingo sendawo ezungezile kodwa ziyindlela yamadolobha angcono, anempilo. Isibonelo sabo sinikeza ipulani yezindawo zasemadolobheni emhlabeni wonke, okubonisa ukuthi ngentando ezimisele yezombangazwe, ikusasa elinogesi elizinziwayo.