Indlela Amakheli Ezimali Athola Ngayo Ukungalingani Ngomthetho Omisiwe

I-Australian Treasury isebenza njengenhlangano yezezomnotho ephethe ukunikeza iseluleko kuhulumeni ngenqubo yokungahleleki kwemali, ukuphatha izimali, nenguquko yezomnotho. Enye yezinto eziza kuqala ezihlala njalo ukusingatha ukungalingani kweholo – ukuhlukaniswa okungalingani kwemali etholwa abantu. Ngenhlanganisela yentela eqhubekayo, ukuthunyelwa kwezintela ezithengisweyo, nokugcinwa kwezenhlalakahle, i-Mooral isebenza ngokuhlukanisa ngokusesilinganisweni, ukuthuthukisa ukuhleleka komphakathi, nokusekela ukuhleleka kwezomnotho. Lesihloko sihlola izinga, imiphumela, imiphumela, kanye neziqondiso zesikhathi esizayo zendlela yokungalingani kwenzuzo ekhokhwaleni eAustralia.

Ukuqonda Ukungalingani E - Australia

Ukungalingani kwemali kulinganisa igebe phakathi kwemikhaya ethola imali eshibhile nengenayo. E-Australia, i-mirita evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yi-Giniconation, lapho u0 emelela ukulingana okuphelele futhi 1 emelela ukulingana okuphelele. Ngokwe- Australian Bureau of Statistics , inzuzo ye-Giniconament yase-Australia encibilikayo yekhaya yayingu-0,16 ngo-20192020. Nakuba le-Australia imelela ukungalingani okungaphansi kakhulu kwesilinganiso se-OECD esingu-0.39, ibonisa inkathi yokungalingani okungalingani okunganqamukiyo okulandela iminyaka elandela iminyaka ebanzi ye-1980 ne-19909.

Abashayeli bemali elinganayo bayinkimbinkimbi futhi bayahlangana:

  • Ukudayiswa kwezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano: Ushintsho lwezesayensi yezemisebenzi lunciphisile isidingo sokwenziwa kwenqubo nezisebenzi zobufundisi kuyilapho kwandisa ukubuya ngemisebenzi ekhokhelwa kakhulu. Lokhu “ukuphuma kwemisebenzi ekhokhelwayo” kuye kwaba amandla amakhulu abangela ukukhuphuka kwenzuzo yezentengiselwano.
  • Ukufakwa kobuthaka: Ukukhuliswa kwentengo, ikakhulukazi ezindlini nasemithonjeni emikhulu, kuye kwazuzisa ngokungenakulinganiswa imikhaya emidala, ecebile. Izindawo ezicebe kakhulu ze-Australia ezingamaphesenti angu-20 ziphethe ngaphezu kwe-60% yengcebo yomuntu siqu ephelele, ngokwe- Institute .
  • [ Imfundo ehlukene: Ukuthola imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu nokuqeqesha kuthinta amathuba okuthola. Labo abanezimfanelo zomsebenzi bazuza kakhulu ngokwesilinganiso kunalabo abangaphandle, futhi ukukhuliswa sekuye kwakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
  • Izimo ze-demographic:[ Ukukhula kwemindeni ehamba phambili, ukukhula kwemiphakathi ehamba phambili, nokungaqasheki komsebenzi konke kuye kwanezela ekusakazeni inzuzo.
  • Ukuthola imali enele:[ Amanani ezindlu anyukayo kanye neziqashelo zicindezela imiphakathi engenisa imali ephansi nephakathi, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amakhulu, ukunciphisa iholo elilahlwayo nokwanda kokungalingani kwethuba.

Ukuqonda lezi zimbangela kubalulekile ekuklameni izindlela eziphumelelayo zokuphendula izimali.

Imithetho Yemali Esetshenziswa Inkampani

Imishini eyinhloko yezimali yokusingatha ukungalingani kwemali eholayo isebenza ngesimiso sentela nokudluliswa kwentela. Kunokuba ithembele esilinganisweni esisodwa, isebenzisa indlela eqinile ehlasela amaqembu ahlukahlukene ahola imali kanye nezigaba zokuphila ngebhayisekili.

Ukukhokha Intela Okuqhubekayo

Isimiso sentela yeholo lomuntu siqu e-Australia siyaqhubeka: amazinga entela ephansi anda ngeholo. Ngonyaka ka-2024-25, amazinga aqala ngo-0% ngomnyango ongakhokhelwa intela (angu-R1,000) futhi anyuke abe ngu-45% ngeholo elingaphezu kuka-R1,000. Intengo yentela ehhliswayo inciphisa izinga lentela elisebenzayo kwabaholi abaphansi. Izemali yezimali inikeza i- Levy[[FLT] [2% yeholo elikhokhelwayo, kanye nentengiselwano-intengiso) ne-Leviyase-Leve Surrea ephezulu yemali ehlawulwayo ngaphandle kwenkozomuntu wesibhedlela.

Intela eqhubekayo inciphisa ngokuqondile ukulingana kwemali elahlwayo ngenxa yokuthi abaholi abaphezulu banikela ingxenye enkulu yemali yabo ukuze baxhase izinkonzo zomphakathi nokudluliswa. Ukukhomba nge- Australia Institute kusikisela ukuthi ngaphandle kwamazinga entela aqhubekayo, i-Gini conation ingaba ngaphezulu kakhulu. Nokho, izindleko zentela – njengokukhokha inzuzo yenkokhelo (i-50% yentengo), iminikelo emikhulu ye-antelliation, kanye nokukhokha ngokungena phambili, inzuzo engcono kakhulu ehlawulwayo, ngokwengxenye yentuthuko.

Inkampani yezimali ihlola njalo ukuxubana kwentela ukuze iqiniseke ukuthi ihlala ingenakulinganiswa futhi isebenza kahle. Izinguquko zamuva ziye zahlanganisa ukuvala i-eleastnational supernuption nokulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kwemali ekhokhwayo. Noma kunjalo, inguquko yentela ihlala ishesha ngokwezombangazwe, futhi iseluleko se-Moovery sigcizelela ukuthengwa phakathi kokulingana, ukuphumelela, nokulula.

Ukusebenzisa Imali Ngomphakathi

Ukuthunyelwa kwemikhaya kwakha uhlobo olulodwa olukhulu lwemali kahulumeni esetshenziswa ngaphandle kwempilo nasebegugile. I-Otherine isebenza eduze noMnyango Wezinkonzo Zomphakathi ukuze kuklanywe futhi kutheliswe izinhlelo eziphakamisa inzuzo yamaqembu asengozini:

  • Intengo ephezulu: A indlela yokukhokha abadala, ukunikeza inethithi lokuphepha nokunciphisa ubumpofu bakudala. Impesheni ibekwa ekukhokheleni noma entengo, noma yikuphi okuphezulu, futhi ihlanganisa izithasiselo zokuqasha nezokusetshenziswa.
  • Ubhatalo womsebenzi: Inzuzo enkulu yokuswelakala komsebenzi. Ukungafundi bekuyimpikiswano ende ethatha isikhathi eside - izinga landiswa okwesikhashana phakathi nobhadane kodwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi selincitshisiwe, nakuba isithasiselo esihlala njalo senezelwe. Ukuhlola kwemali kubonisa ukuthi amazinga aphezulu afuna uJob anciphisa ukungalingani kodwa futhi kudingeka ukuba kulandiswe ukusekela nokuzigcina komsebenzi.
  • Usizo lwentela yomkhaya (FFTB):[[FLTB:1] Izingxenye ezimbili zisiza imikhaya enabantwana: FTB Ingxenye A (esekelwe eholweni) neFTB Ingxenye B (izemindeni etholwa eyodwa). Lokhu kudluliswa kuboniswe ukunciphisa kakhulu ubumpofu bezingane.
  • [[QULT:0] I-Disability Ssekela Ipeni (DSP) kanye Ubhatala:[ Nikeza ukusekela kweholo kulabo abangakwazi ukusebenza ngenxa yokukhubazeka noma imithwalo yemfanelo yokunakekela.
  • I-National Disability Inssurance Scheme (NDIS): Nakuba ingekona ukudluliswa kwemali kuphela, izimali ze-NDIS zisekela i-NDIS ezenza ukuba ukuhlanganyela komphakathi nokwezomnotho kukwazi, okuthinta ukungalingani kwemali ngokunciphisa umthwalo wezimali emakhaya.

Ukuthunyelwa kwezincwadi kuphumelela kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukungalingani. I-OECD yalinganisela ukuthi intela nokudluliswa kwe-Australia kwanciphisa inzuzo yeGini yezentengiselwano kusuka ku 0.47 kuya ku-0.32 ekupheleni kuka-2020 – okunye kokuncishiswa okukhulu kakhulu kwamazwe e-OECD. Indima ye-OCF kuqinisekisa ukuthi le zinhlelo zifakwe kahle futhi zisekelwa ekubhekaneni nokucindezela kwenani labantu.

Izikweletu Zentela Nezinzuzo

Ngokungafani ne-United States, i-Australia ayinayo imali ekhokhelwayo ekhokhelwayo. Nokho, isebenzisa intela ehlukahlukene nezinzuzo ezihloselwe ukusekela imikhaya ehhayishwayo ehhhalayo nephakathi:

  • Intengo neMatafu ephakathi i-Taxiom Moffat (LMTO) kwakuyisilinganiso sesikhashana esenziwe ngo-2018 futhi yasuswa ngemva kuka-2021-222. Ukuphelelwa kwayo intela kugxekwe ngenxa yokwanda kwezinga lentela eliphansi kwabaholi abaphansi.
  • [[[I-FLT:0] Abaholi namapeniyu iTax Seaft (SAPTO):[ unciphisa izikweleti zentela kubanikeli bempesheni abakhulile ngeholo eliphansi.
  • [[I- I-Rebate Health Inshuwarence: ijonge ngokuyinhloko ekukhuthazeni ukuthatha isembozo sempilo sangasese, i-rebate ehlolwe ngezindlela isekela imikhaya ethola imali ephakathi.
  • Inkokhelo kahulumeni yokunakekela abantwana kubantwana abangaphansi: Inciphiso enciphisa izindleko zokunakekela izingane, eyenza izisebenzi zikwazi ukungenela kubazali, ikakhulukazi omama. Lokhu kunemiphumela engaqondile enciphisa ukungalingani ngokusekela iholo lemikhaya nokukhula kwabantwana.

I-Ethernal ihlola lezi zilinganiso ngenxa yezindleko zazo. I-2023 Inteneralial Report yaqokomisa ukuthi izindleko eziningi zentela ziyakhula ngokungenakulungiseka uma zingancishiswa noma zingashintshwa.

Ukwehlisa Isimilo

Nakuba iFair Work Commission imisa iNational Leace Wage, iMoond inikeza ukuhlaziywa kwezomnotho ngemiphumela yezinqumo ezikhokhelwayo. Iholo lamanje elilinganiselwe (njengo-July 2024) linguR2,10 ngehora, noma R915,90 ngesonto elingamahora angu-38. Ukuzithoba kweMongozeli yemali ekhokhelwayo kugcizelela izinga phakathi kokuvikela izisebenzi ezikhokhelwa imali ephansi nokulondoloza ukukhula kwemisebenzi. Ukwanda komholo kunganciphisa ukungalingani kwasekhaya ngokuqondile, kodwa uma kubekwa phezulu kakhulu, kungaholela ekulahlekelweni umsebenzi olimaza amaqembu asengozini.

Ngaphandle komholo ophansi, iNondyebo isekela futhi izimiso ezikhuthaza ukuthengiselana, ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemboni okungaqinisa ukukhuphuka kweholo lezisebenzi ezihola imali ephansi. Nokho, isimiso sebhizinisi le-Australia sokuhlela inzuzo siye sehla ekukhokheleni, futhi umsebenzi wamuva we-Mooral uye wagxila ebuhlotsheni bezezimboni obungokwezimboni ukuze kusekelwe kangcono izisebenzi ezikhokhelwa imali ephansi kuyilapho kukhuphuzwa umkhiqizo.

Umphumela Wemithetho Ephakeme

Imiphumela ehlangene yokukhokha intela eqhubekayo nokuthutha ngokuphana i-Australia efinyelela ukuncishiswa okukhulu kweholo lemali etholakala emakethe kuya emalini. I-OECD kusukela kuma-2023 yabeka i-Australia njengenokubaluleka okukhudlwana kokungalingani kwamalungu ayo, kanye neGini ehla nge 32% ngemva kwentela nokuthutha. Isilinganiso sobumpofu kubantu abasebenzayo sehla kusukela ku 24% (iholo elithengwayo) kuya ku-11% (iholo elingekho semthethweni).

Nokho, kusele izinselele ezinkulu:

  • Ukungalingani kobungani kuphakeme kakhulu kunokungalingani kweholo. Ukungalingani kwengcebo yasekhaya kucishe kube 0.62, ngokwe-ABS. Amathuluzi e-Moove anemiphumela elinganiselwe eqondile ekuqoqweni kwempahla, nakuba intela yefa (eyachithwa ngo1979) iye yahlongozwa kodwa ayifakwanga. i-Ex Ex Penditures Pation[[] ibonisa ukuthi ukuvumelana kwenani elikhulu nenkokhelo yemali kanye nenzuzo yenkokhelo kuzuzisa kakhulu inteko yemali ephezulu 10% yemicebo.
  • Ukukhokha imali [[FLT: 1] kukhukhuliwe inzuzo ekuthuthweni. Abaqaphi beholo eliphansi bachitha ingxenye enkulu yeholo labo ezindaweni zokuhlala, futhi amazinga okuhlala ekhaya phakathi kwamaqembu amasha awile. Izimiso zendlu ezikhokhelwayo zezimali − njengeFirst Home Constencictive nesheyamenting ezindlini zokuhlalisa - zikhona kanye nenkokhelo yentela efunwa yintela ephakeme.
  • Inkinga yokuzalana kwenani eliphakathi iyakhula. Abasebasha base-Australia babhekene nezindleko eziphakeme zezindlu, ukukhula kweholo elihlangene nomkhiqizo, kanye nethemba lentela ephakeme yokuxhasa inani labantu abakhulayo. I-International Report yaveza ukuthi ohulumeni bayosebenzisa imali engokwempilo, ekunakekeleni asebekhulile, ne-NDIS bayonyuka besuka ku-5,9% ye-GDP ngo-2021 kuya ku-2062,4 ngo-2062,63, ifaka ukucindezela ekusebenziseni amandla okuguqula izinto.
  • izikhala zezentengiselwano ziyaqhubeka[ kubantu bomdabu base-Australia, abantu abakhubazekile, nalabo abahlala ezindaweni ezikude. Izimiso ezinkulu zemali ngokuvamile azifinyeleli kulamaqoqo ngokuphumelelayo, zizama ukunikeza izinhlelo zokukhomba.

Ikhomishane yezezimali futhi ikhipha ukucwaninga ngalezindaba. Ngokwesibonelo, Iqoqo lephepha elisebenzayo [ lihlanganisa ukucubungula ukuthambekela kokungalingani, ukuhlasela kwentela, kanye nemiphumela edluliswayo yezilinganiso zokuhlelwa kwemali. Lobufakazi bunikeza isisekelo sokuhlelwa kwenqubo.

Iziyalezo Zesikhathi Esizayo

I-Australian Treasurer ihlola ngenkuthalo izinguquko ukuze ilondoloze noma ithuthukise imiphumela elinganiselayo ekushintsheni kwezomnotho. Izindawo eziningana eziyinhloko zihlobisa isimiso sesikhathi esizayo:

Ukushintsha Kwentela Ngenxa Yokungalingani

Indinganiso yentela yamanje incike kakhulu enkokhisweni yomuntu, engaphumeleli kakhulu emazingeni aphansi. INdawo yezimali iguqule izinto njenge:

  • Isakaza isisekelo ngokunciphisa izindleko zentela (umzk., ukuhla kwengxenye yenzuzo yenhloko- dolobha, ukulinganisela ukukhiqizwa kwempahla eyingozi, noma ukufakwa kwemibhoshongo emikhulu). 202212-23 Intengo yeTheki expenditures Expenditures ephawulwe ngaphezu koR180 000 000 000 000 000 (inani elingaphezulu leminikelo ebekelwe intela kanye nenani elikhulu)
  • Ukuguqula intela yasezweni: esikhundleni senkanunu ngentela ebanzi yendawo kunganciphisa ukuhlanekezelwa kwezindawo zokuthengisa nokuxhaswa kwezinkonzo ezingcono, kuyilapho kuqhubekeka ngoba indawo igcwele phakathi kwabacebile.
  • Intela yezentengiselwano: Nakuba kunzima kwezombangazwe, intela yengcebo yenethithi noma intela yefa elibanzi kuye kwaxoxwa. Ukubukezwa kwenani lentela yezizwe ngezizwe ezingu 2022 kanye nokungafunwa kwenkampani kuthinta nemibono yezentengo, kodwa abaphikisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuthi ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezinjalo, ukungalingani kwengcebo kuyaqhubeka kwanda.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezokulondeka Komphakathi Kwanamuhla

INdawo yezimali iyingxenye yokubukeza kukahulumeni isimiso somphakathi sokulondeka, igxile ekusekeleni abantu phakathi noshintsho lokuphila nokwenza iholo lomsebenzi. Izindawo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Ukunyuka kwezinga eliyisisekelo likaJob Reserver – i-2023 Economic Inclusion Advisory Committee yatusa ukwanda ko $29 (ngaphandle komjongisi wamanje). Ukuveza izimali kusikisela ukuthi ukwanda okunjalo kunganciphisa ubumpofu kodwa kudinga ukuxhaswa ngemali ekhudlwana yentela noma imali echithwayo kwenye indawo.
  • Ifaka isimiso sokukhokha - izikweletu eziningi zemali esebenzayo zinamazinga ayinkimbinkimbi emali ebhajwa edala amazinga entela ephansi aphumelela kakhulu (EMTR), ibambe abantu abahlala enhlalakahleni. Inkampani yezimali isebenzela ukunciphisa izinguquko ze-EMTR futhi ithuthukise izisusa ezingokwezimali emsebenzini.
  • [ Imfundo ehlangene yabantwana basemancane nokunakekela - ukwandisa ukunakekelwa kwabantwana kwabesifazane kungandisa ukuthatha isinyathelo kwabesifazane futhi kunciphise ukungalingani esikhathini eside.

Ukugada Inhloko - dolobha Yesintu

Ukusingatha ukungafani kwemali etholakalayo emthonjeni wayo kudinga ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yemfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono. Izimali zezimali zezimali ziye zandisa imali:

  • Imali edingekayo yokusekela isikole ngaphansi kweSivumelwano SeSikole Sokuguqula Isikole seZwe.
  • Izindawo ezikhululekile ze - TAFE nezindawo zaseyunivesithi ezikhokhelwayo emasimini aphakeme.
  • I-New Accounting Servicess, enikeza ukusekela okuvumelana kakhulu kubantu base-Australia abangasebenzi isikhathi eside.

I - Interrenational Report ye - Treasureal igcizelela ukuthi ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo ngemfundo nangobuchwepheshe kubalulekile ukuze kube khona ukulondolozwa kwemali nokuncishiswa kokungalingani.

Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nokungalingani

Ukushintshela emongweni wenetha kuyoba nemiphumela edluliswayo. Izindlu ezingenisa imali ephansi zivame kakhulu ukuhlala emakhaya avikelekile futhi zisebenzise ingxenye enkulu yemali etholakalayo emandleni amandla. I-Others ihilelekile ekuklameni izimiso zokushintsha nje, njengokusekela iholo lezisebenzi ezifudukayo, ukutshala izimali emakhonweni aluhlaza, futhi inzuzo yomphakathi. I-Net Zero Economy Ague [, izakugcinwa ngaphakathi kwe-Umsebenzi.

Ukuqinisa Ukwaziswa Nokuhlola

INdawo yezimali itshala imali ekhokhayo ekhonweni layo lokuqonda kangcono amandla okungalingani. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuxhumanisa ama-data (umzk., amarekhodi entela, amarekhodi enhlalakahle, kanye nokwaziswa kokubala) ekunikezeni izimpawu zezimiso. Ukusetshenziswa kwe- ulwazi luvumela ukuhlobana okuqondile nokulinganiswa kwezinhlelo. I-Model i-Model (ITH) ne-THP] yezenterjective (ITH:3] isetshenziselwa ukulinganisela indlela intela nokuthutha intela okuthinta ngayo amaqembu ahlukahlukene azuza inzuzo.

Isiphetho

Izimiso ze-Australian Treasurer zifeza indima enkulu ekulungiseni ukulingana kwemali eholayo. Ngokuhlela intela eqhubekayo, ukuthunyelwa nokutshala imali ezisekelweni zezenhlalakahle, i-Money iye yasiza ekugcineni ukulingana kwenzuzo ye-Australia kuphansi ngokwesilinganiso ngezindinganiso zezizwe. Nokho izakhiwo – ukushintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, izindleko zezindlu, kanye nezingcindezelo zenani labantu eziqhubekayo. Impumelelo yesikhathi esizayo yeNdawo yezimali izoxhomeka ekwazininininini lokulungisa amathuluzi amasheya ezomnotho amashanti, yandise isisekelo sentela, futhi iqinisekise ukuthi inethiyo engokwenhlalo engokwenhlalo yezenhlalo ihlala ilungile futhi iphumelela. Njengoba 2023 i-International Report iveza ngokucacile, ukufinyelela imiphumela eqhubekayo nakuba ilondoloza ukugcinwa kobuthengwa kwemali. Ukuhlola kwezentengo nenqubo ephambili kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezentengo nesimiso sokuhlolwa kwezenteko ephambili kuyohlala ilungele ukuqondisa embungweni empumele empumele empumele empumele e-Australia.