IRaje Sabra: ISipho Somthetho - sisekelo Sokumelelwa KoMbuso

IRaje Sabra, noma uMkhandlu wase-University, uyindlu ephezulu yePhalamende laseNdiya le-Babajaral. Umklamo wayo waklanywa ngamabomu yi-Constituent Assembly ukuze inikeze indawo yesikhulumi lapho izithakazelo zezifunda nezindawo zokuhlangana zingachazwa khona ngokwezinga lesizwe. Ngokungafani neLok Sabhaha, emelela abantu ngokuqondile, iRajiya Sabra imelela amazwe njengeqoqo lombuso. Lomehluko uyisisekelo sokuqonda ukuthi amalungu eRajiya Sabra (MP) asebenza kanjani njengemiphesalo yezifiso zezifunda phakathi kwesimiso somthetho.

Isiphakamiso 80 soMthetho-sisekelo waseNdiya simisa ukuqanjwa kweRajeya Sabha. Sisho ukuthi amandla aphakeme endlu angamalungu angu-250, lawo angu-238 akhethwa amalungu emihlangano kahulumeni ekhethiwe nangamakholiji akhethiwe ezindawo zobuhlanga. Amalungu asele angu-12 atyunjwa uMongameli ngenxa yobungcweti bawo emikhakheni enjengezincwadi, isayensi, ubuciko, nenkonzo yezenhlalo. Le nqubo exubile iqinisekisa ukuthi kokubili ukumelelwa kwendawo nolwazi lwesizwe kunikezwa umthetho wesizwe.

Injongo eyisisekelo ye-Raje Sabba ukusebenza njengegumbi lokuhlola nokuhlola i-Lok Sabhaha yamandla angenalo uqobo. Okubi kakhulu, kusebenza njengesivikelo kuhulumeni. Isimiso sokumelela esinguprojectal] sokuthatha esisetshenziselwa ukhetho] oludluliswayo (STV)(-evenspisionss ukuthi amaqembu amancane namazwe amancane anezwi. Lenqubo iyinselele eqondile ekungeneni okunqoba eLok Sabbaha ukhetho.

Ukukhethwa Kwamalungu KaRaje Sabha: Ukuncintisana Kwezimo Ezizimele

URaje Sabra amalungu awakhethwa ngokuqondile umphakathi. Kunalokho, akhethwa yi-MLAS ye-Vidhan Sabhaha yombuso ngamunye. Lokhu kukhethwa okungaqondile kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi uRajiya Sabhaha MPs uthola igunya lakhe kumthetho kazwelonke, hhayi kukhetho lwezwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwethembeka kwabo okuyinhloko kulindeleke ukuba kuvumelane nezithakazelo zikahulumeni owabathuma.

Isimiso Semisebe Engadluliselwa Ngenye Indawo

Ngaphansi kwesimiso se-STV, i-MLA ngayinye ivota eyodwa kodwa ingahlela abazokhetha ngokuthanda. Isilinganiso esidingekayo ukuze uwine isihlalo silinganiswa ngenqubo: amavoti asebenzayo ahlukaniswe (inani lezihlalo kanye nesinye), kanye nesodwa. Lesi simiso sivumela ukumelelwa kwemibala ehlukene yezombangazwe esizweni. Sivimbela iqembu elikhulu ukuba lingagxumi zonke izihlalo futhi liqinisekise ukuthi amaqembu esifundayo kanye nezizimele zithola futhi ukumelelwa.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma uhulumeni unamalungu amahlanu e-MLMA futhi ekhetha amahlanu e-Rajiya Sabba, isilinganiso singu-100/(5+1)+1 = 17 (cishe). Noma imuphi ocela ukuvota 17 ukhethwa. Amavoti avela kwabaphumeleleyo adluliselwa ezintweni ezithandwayo ezilandelayo. Le nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi i-application expartum ne-system i-pal ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ilungu lingene ePhalamende. Isebenza njenge-microscom ye-progatensi kahulumeni.

Ukusakazwa Okukahulumeni Kwezinti

Ukwabiwa kwezihlalo zeRaje Sabba phakathi kwezifundazwe kusekelwe ezakhamuzini. Izifunda ezinkulu njengo-Uttar Pradesh zithumela amalungu angu-31, kuyilapho amazwe amancane njengoSikkim athumela elilodwa kuphela. Lokhu kumelelwa okuhlukile kuqinisekisa ukuthi amazwe amaningi anethonya elilinganayo, kodwa i-STV system ilawula i-hemistism. Amazwe e-Union anjenge-Delhi ne-Pucherry abuye akhetha amalungu, anengxenye ezinhlobonhlobo zendlu.

I- Commission yokukhetha yase-Indiya yengamela ukuziphatha kokhetho lwe-Raje Sabha. Igama lelungu liyiminyaka eyisithupha, nengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yendlu ithatha umhlala phansi njalo eminyakeni emibili. Lokhu kushaqisa kunikeza indlu ukuzinza futhi kuvumela amalungu ukuba athuthukise ulwazi olude lwesikhathi emibazweni kahulumeni.

Imisebenzi KaRaje Sabha Yamalungu Avikela Izithakazelo ZoMbuso

Amalungu kaRaje Sabra anendima ehlukene: ahlanganyela ekumiseni umthetho wesizwe futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo asebenza njengabathumeli bezifunda zawo.

Ukuhlolwa Okungokomthetho Nesichibiyelo

Imali ngayinye edluliswa yi-Lok Sabha (ngaphandle kweMali) kumelwe ihlolwe yi-Rajeya Sabhaha. Phakathi nale nqubo, amalungu avela esifundazweni esithile angasusa izinguquko ezikhuluma ngokuqondile ngezinkinga zendawo. Ilungu elivela esifundazweni sasogwini lingase lihlongoze izinguquko zemali zokuvikela amalungelo okudoba. Nakuba i-Rajiya Sabba ingenakuyenqaba ngokuqondile i-Money Bill, ingatusa ukubuyiselwa kwemali, futhi i-Lok Sabbaha ingazamukela noma ilahle. Ezinye izikwenzipho, i-Rayya Sabha inamandla alinganayo. Uma kuwukuthi i-Rajiya Sab i-ah i-lock, i-lock, i-ahn ehlala ndawonye, kodwa ubukhulu be-Lokha i-Sabba ivame ukuhlasela.

Ukuphakamisa Impikiswano Ezikhethekile ZoMbuso Ngaphansi Kwehora Lesikhashana Nezinyathelo Zokunyakazisa

Ihora leqanda livumela amalungu ukuba aphakamise izindaba eziphuthumayo ngaphandle kwesaziso sangaphambili. AmaRaje Sabha MP avame ukusebenzisa lokhu ukuqokomisa izinhlekelele ezicatshangelwe ngokomthetho njengesomiso, izingozi zezimboni, noma izingxabano zomngcele. Ukuthatha isinyathelo sokusebenza kwe-adjourn, nakuba kungaqashelwa kakhulu ngenxa yemithetho eqinile, kungadonsela ukunakekela kwesizwe ngokufanayo esimweni esibucayi sombuso owodwa. Imishini enjalo yasephalamende iyithuluzi eliyinhloko kumalungu ukuba afake amaqiniso endawo enkulumweni enkulu.

Ithonya Emithethweni Yezimali Nasemalini

Nakuba i-Raje Sabra ingenakuyiqeda noma inqabe i-Money Bill, ingaxoxa nge-Mali Bill (engeyona i-Faice Bill) nezinye izikweletu zokukhipha iziphakamiso. Amalungu asebenzisa lezi mpikiswano ukuze aphikisane nezimali eziyinhloko zesakhiwo sikahulumeni, impilo, nemfundo. Ngokwesibonelo, ilungu elivela ezweni lasenyakatho-mpumalanga lingase licindezele ukunikwa indawo ephakeme ngaphansi kweminyango ye-Dial Status. Amakomiti amile afuna ukukhokha izimali ezivame ukuhlanganisa izimali zikahulumeni ezinikezwa yi-Rajiya Sabra amalungu ezwe.

Amandla Ombuso Omqambiswa: ISiphakamiso 249 neSiphakamiso 312

Ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 249, iRaje Sabha ingadlulisa isinqumo sokubhala iPhalamende ukuba imise imvume entweni ethile yesikhashana uma inesithakazelo sesizwe. Leligunya lifaka umkhandlu onamandla akhethekile okuwenza umthetho uma kudingeka, kodwa uma amalungu awo evumelana. Ngokufanayo, iRaja Sabha Sabha unendima ekudaleni zonke izinkonzo zaseNdiya ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 312. Amalungu ezizwe ezihlala eziqinile ngokuvamile amelana nokwakhiwa kwemisebenzi yeyunifomu, aphikisa ngokuthi izimpikiswano zimelwe zigcine i-cad yawo siqu. Le mpikiswano phakathi kwe-Rajaya Sabba ithinta ubuhlobo obuqondile.

AmaKomiti EPhalamende: Lapho Izithakazelo ZoMbuso Zithola Ukuhlaziya Okuningiliziwe

Umsebenzi omningi we-Raje Sabra ungaphandle kwegumbi elikhulu, kumakomiti. La makomiti “‘ amile, akhethe, ahlangane, afake i-ad hoc(asenday e-scrin-line. Ukuhlelwa kwamakomiti kubonisa amandla eqembu kuzo zombili izindlu. Amalungu kaRajeya Sabra aletha ubuchwepheshe bawo bokuthatha isilinganiso sikahulumeni kulemihlangano.

Amakomiti Amisiwe Omnyango

Kunamakomiti angu-24 ahlangene naleyo ehlanganisa zonke izinkonzo. Ikomiti ngayinye ihlanganisa amalungu avela kuzo zombili izindlu. I-Raje Sabha ilungu elivela esifundeni sezimayini esinjengeJarkand angakhonza eKomitini yeSiphephelo, lapho angaqinisekisa khona ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwemithetho yelahle akuyilimazi izinhlangano zendawo. Ngokufanayo, ilungu elivela esizweni sokulima njengePunjab eKomitini ye-Agriculture lingacindezela izinqubo ezithile ze-MSP (Imali Esekela Inzuzo). [[FLT: 0] Rajahabhaha komiti yamakomiti yesizwe esizwe.

Khetha Amakomiti Ezincwadi Eziqondile

Lapho kusungulwa isikweleti esiphikisanayo, kungase kubhekiswe ekomitini ekhethayo. Ngokwesibonelo, i- Goods and Services Reals Tax (GST) uBill wahlolwa yikomiti ekhethiwe yeRajiya Sabra eyayihlanganisa amalungu ezwe elinezimo ezihlukene zemali. Ukutusa kwabo kwaholela ezinguqukweni zemali ekhokhelwayo ezindaweni ezilahlekileyo. Lokhu kuyisibonelo esiqinile sendlela isithakazelo sikahulumeni esibhalelwa ngayo emthethweni ngomsebenzi wekomiti.

Indima Yesihlalo Ekuhleleni Izindawo Ezimelela Isifunda

Umongameli waseNdiya ungumuntu owayeyilungu likaSihlalo weRajeya Sabba. Ngokungafani noLok Sabha Speaker, isihlalo sinamandla alinganiselwe (_akanye sivota. Nokho, uSihlalo angavumela ukushiwo okukhethekile kwezindaba zikahulumeni futhi avumele izikweleti zamalungu ezisuka ezinkathazweni zikahulumeni eziqondile. Isinqumo sika-Chairman sivame ukubeka izimpawu zokuthi singakanani isikhathi esinikezwayo ezindabeni zesifunda.

Ukuqhathanisa noLok Sabha: Isizathu sokuba iRaje Sabha Izwe Eliningi EliyiSithakazelo

Inkinga evamile ukuthi iLok Sabha inamandla kakhulu ngoba ilawula umphathi.

  • I-Direct vs Esingaqondile ukhetho: Lok Sabha MPs ikhethwa abantu; Raje Sabha MPs ikhethwa izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni. Lokhu kwenza lokhu kuncike ngokwezimiso zezwe esigabeni sezombangazwe.
  • I-A RAJYWA Sabha] ilungu limelela sonke isifundazwe, hhayi ukumelana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangasekela izimpikiswano zesifundazwe ngaphandle kokukhushulwa phakathi kwezicelo ze-intertituation nemigqa yedili.
  • Indlu ye-Permanent: I-Rajiya Sabha ayinciphi. Lokhu kuqhubekela phambili kuvumela amalungu ukuba akhe ubuhlobo nohele owenziwe isikhathi eside odinga iminyaka eminingi.
  • Amandla akhethekile: IRajeya Sabha kuphela engaqala isinqumo ngaphansi kweSiphakamiso 249 (umthetho wezesithakazelo wesizwe osohlwini lwezwe) noma igunyaze ukwakhiwa kwaso sonke iSinkonzo esisha saseNdiya. Lamagunya asinika indima eyingqayizivele yokugcina amasango phezu kokwanda kwezwe.
  • Ukuvota ezinzimeni zomthetho-mthetho: Izinguquko ezithile zidinga ukuqiniswa okungenani ingxenye yezindlu zombuso ngemva kokudlulisa zombili izindlu. Amalungu eRajeya Sabha avame ukuvota ngokubheka izinkulu zemithetho esifundazweni sawo, ihlanganisa izitebhisi ezimbili zikahulumeni.

Ngenxa yalokhu kungafani kwezakhiwo, iRaje Sabha ivame ukusebenza njengenqindi yebhuloho yemali enyathelela uhulumeni inkululeko. Uhulumeni kumelwe wakhe isivumelwano esiphambanayo kulendlu, unike amaqembu amancane namaqembu asekelwe kuhulumeni amandla angenakulinganiswa.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Ukumelela Okuphumelelayo Kwezithakazelo ZoMbuso

Izingxoxo Ze - Telangana Bill

Lapho kubhaliswa u-Andhhraash Reorganing Act, uRaja Sabra amalungu e-Telangan nase-Andhra alwa kabuhlungu. Okwakudala ama-MP anjengoK. Kesava Rao no N. Chandrababu Naidu wasebenzisa indlu ukufuna isikhathi esicacile sokudalwa kwezwe elisha kanye namaphakethe emali. Izingxoxo zaseRaja Sabba yacwenga ilungise amalungiselelo emalini ekwabelaneni imali nezakhiwo zokuphatha, ebonisa izakhiwo ezijulile zesifunda ukuthi iLok Sabha, ngeshabhu yayo ebanzi, yayingenakukhuluma ngokuphelele.

Izidingo Zesikhundla Esikhethekile Sasenyakatho - mpumalanga

Raje Sabra MPs ezifundazweni ezinjengeNagaland, Mizoram, ne-Arunachal Pradesh ziphakamisa ngokungaguquki impikiswano yeSiphakamiso 371 (izinhlelo ezikhethekile). Ziye zasebenzisa isimiso sekomiti ngokuphumelelayo ukufaka amalungiselelo eMthethweni weHlat Rights Act neLand Acquisition Act ehlonipha izimiso zendawo zokuphatha. Ngaphandle kwe-Rajiya Sabba, lezizithakazelo zendawo zazingafakwa ngempumelelo yisiningi seLok Sabbaha.

Impikiswano Yokuncintisana

Phakathi nokusetshenziswa kweGST, izifundazwe eziningi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinezinzuzo ezinkulu njengoGujarat noMaharashtra, zazifuna imbuyiselo ngokulahlekelwa yimali. URaje Sabbaram namanye amalungu okwakha njenge P. Chiddaram nezinye ezindaweni zokukhiqiza bawuphakamisa ngokuphindaphindiwe lo mbandela ephawulweni olukhethekile nasezimpikiswaneni. IGST Act yokugcina yayihlanganisa inqubo yokukhokhwa iminyaka emihlanu.

Izinselele Nokugxekwa KukaRaje Sabha

Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi iRaje Sabba isiyikhaya lomhlalaphansi kwezazi zezombangazwe ezingakwazi ukuwina uLok Sabha. Njengoba amalungu engazitholi ngokhetho oluqondile, angase angakhululeki kakhulu kubantu abavamile bezwe lawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukujeziswa kweqembu kungathatha indawo yezithakazelo zikahulumeni: ilungu lezwe lingavota ngisho noma kulimaza izithakazelo zikahulumeni walo, ngoba umsebenzi walo uxhomeke ekuholeni kweqembu.

Enye impikiswano i- i-demonds yezifunda ezinkulu. Uma isimiso se-STV sinikeza iphimbo emaqenjini amancane, ukwabiwa kwesihlalo kusasho izigaba ezinkulu njenge-Uttar Pradesh, ezinamalungu angu-31. Iqembu lamazwe amancane livame ukuzama ukulingana nalelo zwi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntula kwegama elimisiwe lendlu (ngaphandle kwelungu leshumi leminyaka) kusho ukuthi amanye amalungu alahlekelwa ukuthintana nezindaba ezihambisana ne-ivovorea.

Kukhona futhi inkinga yamandla emali kanye nokuhlanganisa. Eminyakeni yamuva, ukhetho oluningana lweRajiya Sabba lubone iziphakamiso zokukhohliswa kwemali ebolekwayo, lapho i-MMS ifumbathiselwa ukuvota umncintiswano kwenye inhlangano. Lokhu konakalisa ukuxhumana okumelelwayo phakathi kwendlu yomthetho nelungu le-Rajipya Sabba. PRS Ligis Legist ukucwaninga kokucwaninga kobuphengululi[[ ekuvotelekeni ukuthi iqembu livame kanjani ukuhluleka ukubhaxa izintambo zemali uma izisusa zemali ziphakeme.

Izinguquko Zokumelela Umbuso Ngokuqinisayo ERaje Sabha

Kuye kwathathwa iziphakamiso eziningana zokuguqula ukuze iRaje Sabhaha iphumelele ngokwengeziwe ekumeleleni izithakazelo zikahulumeni.

  • Ukukhethwa Kwamalungu: Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi uma uRaje Sabha amalungu ekhethelwa ngokuqondile abantu bombuso, ayoba nokulandisa okwengeziwe. Nokho, lokhu kungafiphaza umehluko phakathi kwalezi zindlu ezimbili futhi kunciphise ubuntu bombuso.
  • Ukuvuselelwa kweQembu Wip Ithonya: Ngaphansi kwemithetho yamanje, isiswebhu seqembu sisebenza eRajiya Sabbavha ukuvota. Uma amalungu evunyelwa ukuvota ngokukhululekile ezikweletini ezithinta izihloko zikahulumeni, izithakazelo zikahulumeni ziyovikelwa kangcono. IVhiki ye-Aconomic ne-Political[ idingida i-inseloa yomthetho wokulwa kwe-defiction solution e-Rajiya Sabba.
  • I-Tenure ye-Sihlalo: Umongameli ongumsekeli, njenge-exoffio Chairman, unesikhathi esilinganiselwe. Usihlalo wesikhathi esigcwele omiswe ngokwesikhathi esithile angalilawula kangcono ibhizinisi eliqondene nombuso.
  • Isimiso seKomiti esiqinisayo: Inani lamakomiti ahlobene nomnyango lingakhuliswa, futhi amalungu eRaje Sabha angawahlela kaningi kakhulu. Imibiko yawo kufanele iboshelwe ezinkonzoni zenkonzo ngaphandle kokuba ilawulwa ngenqubo ekhethekile.

Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zafuna ukuba kuqedwe iRaje Sabha ngokwayo, ziyibiza ngokuthi igumbi elihlukile kwelentando yeningi.

Isiphetho: Indima ebalulekile yeRaje Sabha eFederalism yaseNdiya

IRaje Sabra ikude nendlu yenjoloba. Amalungu ayo akhethwa ngokungaqondile yizishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni, ezibanika igunya eliyingqayizivele lokuhlaziya izinto zesifunda esiphakathi nendawo. Ngokuhlola ikomiti, ukuphawula okukhethekile, kanye nemibuso esemthethweni, aqinisekisa ukuthi isimo sezwe esingafani sase-Ndiya (kusukela emagqumeni ase-Uttarakhand kuya ogwini lwe-Keralah/nephi.

Nokho, ukuphumelela kwalokhu kumelelwa kuxhomeke ebuqothweni benqubo yokukhetha, ukuzimela kwamalungu eqembu ekushayeleni, nokuzimisela kukahulumeni ukulalela. Uma esebenza kahle, iRajiya Sabha isebenza njengendawo ejikelezayo esimisweni se-India se-quasi-federal, ilinganisa ukukhomba kwendlu ephansi kanye nezithakazelo zezifundazwe ezinde. Kunoma ubani ofunda amaNdiya, ukuqonda i-Rajiya Sabhaha kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi izithakazelo zikahulumeni ziyini kangakanani, futhi akakho phakathi kwe-demokrasi yaseNdiya.