Ukusekela Ikusasa Ngokuhlelekile: Indlela I - Australia Scenaries National Research Reference

Isikhundla se-Australia njengomholi wembulunga yonke ekutholeni isayensi nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe asikho ngengozi. Sakhiwe esisekelweni sokutshala izimali ezihlelelweyo ezisekelweni zezakhiwo zesizwe zezesayensi . Izakhiwo ezinkulu zesilinganiso sokucwaninga, imishini yokwaziswa, namapulatifomu abambisanayo avumela umsebenzi owehlayo. Esimweni sale nqubo yokulondoloza izimali simi e-Australian Treasureal. Ngaphezu komphathi wemali, isebenza njengomklami wezimali, uhlela izimali ngezakhelo zezwe elithatha isikhathi eside. Ngenqubo yezenqubo, i-octive systems, i-ontactive systemss, i-ooctive trans trans, i-overalivement iqinisekisa ukuthi umphakathi wokucwaninga wase-Australia udinga amathuluzi okuncintisanayo emhlabeni wonke, ukuxazulula izinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi, nokukhuphuka kwezomnotho.

Lesi sihloko sihlola izindima eziqondile i - Treasurement ezama ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo zokucwaninga, izindlela ezisetshenziswa yizo, ithonya lemisebenzi emikhulu ekhokhelwayo, neziqondiso eziwusizo eziyolungisa ukucwaninga kwase - Australia amashumi eminyaka ezayo.

Indima Yenkokhelo Yezimali Zase - Australia Ekucwaningeni

Isibopho esiyinhloko se-Ofesi yezimali ze-Commonwealth nokuhlela izimali ezikhona kuzo zonke izingxenye zezomnotho. Ngalesi sizathu, ukucwaninga nokuthuthukisa (R&D) kuthola ukunakekela okugxile ngenxa yekhono layo lokuveza inzuzo yezomnotho ezithathe isikhathi eside nezinzuzo zomphakathi. Ivector ayinikezi ukucwaninga imvume ngokuqondile. Lo msebenzi uwela ezinhlanganweni ze-Australian Research Council (ARC) noma i-National Health and Medica Research Council (NHMRC) kodwa ihlela imingcele yokusetshenziswa kwemali engaphezulu, ihlola izigwebo zezemisebenzi emikhulu yezendlu yokucwaninga, futhi ifaka ucwaningo ezindleleni ezibanzi.

Umehluko oyinhloko uphakathi kwezimali ezisebenzayo nokutshala izimali. I-Mooral isebenza namanxusa ezemfundo, njengoMnyango Wezezezentengiselwano, i-Sayensi ne-Resource, kanye noMnyango wezezezimali (Sayensi ne-Escheme), ukuhlola izindleko zokuphila zezindawo zokucwaninga zezwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kokuqala, ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, ubuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa, nokususa izimali. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi lezindleko ziyaqondwa futhi zihlelwe, i-Otherin isiza ekuvimbeleni izindleko ezilahliweyo neziqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zihlala zisemkhakheni emhlabeni wonke phakathi nokuphila kwazo.

Ukubusa Okunemicikilisho Nokuhleleka Okubalulekile

Ingxenye ye-Otherine ihlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwe-International Research Infractive Group ne- ukucwaninga kwe-Australian Infrastructure Committee (ARL)[FL:3]. Laba baletha abameleli abavela kumayunivesithi, izinhlangano zokucwaninga zikahulumeni (umz. CSIRO, ANTO), izisebenzi zezemboni, nohulumeni. Izimali zihlanganyela ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi iziphakamiso zokutshala izimali zinecala, zihambisana nesayensi yesizwe nokucwaninga, futhi zihambisa inani lemali. Lenhlangano yokucwaninga ilawula izinhlangano zemisebenzi eminingi ehlangeneyo.

Ngokwesibonelo, lapho zihlola imvume enkulu yokuthola i-syntrotron rambline entsha noma ikhompuyutha ephezulu ehlelayo, izikhulu zezimali azihloli izindleko eziphambili kuphela kodwa futhi nesilinganiso sokuthola inzuzo, amathuba okusizana kohulumeni noma abantu abasebenza nabo, kanye nemiphumela elindelekile yezezomnotho. Lokhu kuhlola okunzima kuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhokhi wentela ufakwa lapho ziyoveza khona inzuzo ephakeme kakhulu ekucwaningeni nasekuhwebeni.

Imishini Eyisihluthulelo Esetshenziswa Ifekthri

INdawo yezimali ivumela ukutshala imali ngemishini eminingi, ngayinye iklanyelwe ukufanelana nezilinganiso ezihlukene nezinhlobo zezakhiwo zokucwaninga. Lezizinqubo azimi ndawonye; ziguqula izimo zemali ezishintshayo namathuba esayensi avelayo.

Izakhiwo Eziyinhloko Nezindawo Zokusetshenziswa Kwemali

Inqubo eqondile kakhulu iyisici esiqondile se-mune control kuhlelo lwemali kahulumeni. Emikhankasweni emikhulu enjenge- i-Conven Syncrotron [i-FLT], i-Mondal Consultal Infrapublicature (NCII) noma i-Australian Syncrotrotron[[]], i-Moteral ihlela izimali ezicaze ngokwezilinganiso zemali ezithatha iminyaka eminingi. Lezi zabeko zivame ukumenyezelwa emaphephani emalini eMidiyamu yezente nakuhla ye-Fiscal Out Out Out (MEFO). I-URC) isebenza ngesikhungo esiphethe ukuveza isiqinisekiso sokuxhasa imali esihlanganisa izimfuneko, ukubika, izimfuneko.

Ngokwesibonelo, i-2024242425 Federal Bal Bal Ibhajenti yahlanganisa ukutshala imali eyizigidi ezingu-470 eminyakeni emine ukuthuthukisa ukucwaninga kwe-computer nekhono lokugcina ukwaziswa e-Australia, umphumela oqondile wokuhlola okugunyaziwe kwesidingo sekota esikhathini esizayo. Izindawo ezinjalo ziqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo ezinjenge-NCI zingathola amacomputer amasha amakhulu kakhulu − njengawo simiso sika-Gadi kanye nabalandeli baso.

Imali Yokuhlanganisa Nokuqhathanisa

Izakhiwo zezimali ngokuvamile zikhuthaza ukusekelwa kwezimali kohulumeni bezwe, amayunivesithi, kanye nezimboni. Lokhu kuveza ingqikithi yemithombo ekhona futhi kukhuthaza umuzwa wokuba abe abenikazi. Isibonelo esiphawulekayo yi- Australian Research Infrastructure Network (ARIN)[FLT], lapho izimali ze-Commonfelity zihambisana khona neminikelo evela emayunivesithi aphethe kanye nasezinhlanganweni zokucwaninga. Izikhulu zemali zihlola ukuthenjelwa kwezibopho ze-commontrences futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi umnikelo we-Commond Weacealvity awusetshenziselwa ukuthatha indawo yezwe noma ukuxhasa (umkhuba owaziwaziwa ngokuthi “ukuzalana kweze”.

Ikhomputha futhi inciphisa umthwalo wemali eCommonwealth iyodwa. Ngokufuna ukuba abantu abazosebenza nabo banikele ngemali noma ngeminikelo ehlukene, i-Otherine inganweba imali elinganiselwe kakhulu ngenkathi ikha ubuhlobo obuqinile phakathi kwamangxenye. Lendlela iye yaphumelela kakhulu ekwakheni izakhiwo ezibambisanayo emasimini njenge-biosecurity, i-quanum computing, kanye nokubekwa kwemozulu.

Abameleli Bentela Nokusekela Okuqondile

Ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali ngokuqondile, iNgciwo yezimali ihlela indawo ezungezile yokutshala imali ngesimiso sentela. R&D Tchaxis Incentive inikeza izinkampani intela egciniwe yentela ehlelelwe ukucwaninga nokuthuthukisa imisebenzi emikhulu. Nakuba lokhu kungezona izimali ezixhaswayo nge-se, ikhuthaza izimboni ezizimele ukuze zifake imali eR& izisekelo nemishini, ngaleyondlela zigcwalise izakhiwo ezikhokhelwa umphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimali zezengahlela imithetho egciniwe yezesayensi, ezingathinta ukusebenziseka kwezezimali ezinkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lwemicimbiza engenisa imali eshicishini ebizayo njengemishini ebizayo enjengezinhlolisi noma imishini encishisiwe encishisiwe izindleko zemali eyunivesithi nokucwaninga, ukuze ikwazi ukuyenza ihlale kalula.

Ukuboleka Nezimpahla Zemali (isib., CEFC)

Izezindawo zokucwaninga ngamandla anamandla, iNdawo yezimali isebenza nge- Licreate Energy Entect Compution (CEFC) ukuze inikeze imali ebhace kakhulu yokulungisa amandla. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko ezisebenzayo kanye nemiphumela yendawo ezungezile ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-Mooral ihlola futhi ukungenzeki kwezibopho zokusebenzisa uhulumeni onezisekelo ezinkulu zezakhiwo, nakuba le nqubo iye yasetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuthutha nokusebenzisa amandla kunasemuva kokucwaninga. Inzuzo yemisebenzi yokucwaninga ihlala iyindawo yentuthuko yezenkambiso yezeko yezenkambiso ephambili phakathi kwe-CMbali.

Ukuhlela Okuhlelekile Nentuthuko Yesimiso

Ithonya leNdawo yezimali aligcini ekubhaleni izimali kuphela.

Ukuvumelana Nesayensi Kazwelonke Nokucwaninga Okuza Kuqala

I-Mooral iqinisekisa ukuthi ukutshala inzuzo kuhambelana ne- iNational Science and Research Priestres.] Ngokuhlanganisa izindawo ezifana nokwakha okuthuthukile, ubuchwepheshe be-tektroniki, ubuchwepheshe bezesayensi, impilo nezindawo ezizungezile, nokuzinzisa indawo ezungezile. Ngokuhlanganisa ukuxhasa lezizinto eziza kuqala, iNdawo yezimali iveza indlela yokuqondisa imithombo emasimini ngemiphumela emikhulu kakhulu yezezomnotho nezenhlalo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-gropycropyd procespective isakhiwo esisha esine processsss ingalinganiswa nomnikelo wayo empilweni empilweni engokwempilo neyokucwaninga, ngokunokwenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngezinhlangano eziningi, futhi amandla ayo okusekela i-meactricity.

Lendlela ihlelwa ngokuhlola i-Infrablicactive Investice Plan, uxwebhu lwemisebenzi yeminyaka emihlanu olukhishwe uMnyango Wemfundo ekuthintaneni ne-Treal. Icebo liveza izikhala ezikhona ezimbonini zamanje zemisebenzi, izibikezelo zesikhathi esizayo ezifunwayo, futhi litusa ukutshala imali. I-Mooral isebenzisa lelisu njengemfakela eyisihluthulelo lapho ithuthukisa ukubeka imali ekucabangeleni i-Campline.

Ukulahlekelwa Izithuthuthu Nokulondolozwa Kwazo

Ingxenye enkulu yesimiso esivela eMnyango imfuneko yokudayisa ibhayisekile. Noma isiphi isihlongozo sezakhiwo ezintsha zokucwaninga kumelwe sihlanganise ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko zobuni eziphelele esikhathini esivumelanayo, iminyaka engu-15-20. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukufakwa kwamandla, ukugcinwa kwezindawo, izivumelwano zokulungisa, nokubuyiselwa noma ukukhishwa komsebenzi. Izimali zigcizelela lokhu kuhlolwa ukuze kuvinjelwe inkinga evamile yokwakha isakhiwo esingenakusekelwa ezimalini ezisebenzayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuxhasa kwezakhiwo eziningi manje kuhlanganisa isivumelwano sokusebenza noma ukukhishwa kwamandla okungena gesi.

Lokhu kugxila ekulondolozeni inqubo futhi kuqhubekiswe phambili njengezivumelwano zenkonzo ezihlanganyelweyo − lapho amayunivesithi amaningi avumelana khona ukuba ahlangane ngokuxhasana futhi asebenzise isakhiwo, kanjalo kuncishiswe izindleko ze-ofessi nganye futhi kuncishiswe inani lenani elikhudlwanayo. I-Everence ikhuthaza ngentshiseko iziqondiso zayo zezimali.

Ithonya Ekwakhekeni Kokucwaninga Kwesizwe: Ukuhlola Icala Elikhulu

Izimali eziphambili ze - Treasurer ziye zaveza izindawo ezingokoqobo, ezihola umhlaba ezisekela ukucwaninga okukhulu kweAustralia.

Isimiso Sezwe Sokuhlelwa Kwezinto (NCI)

I-NCI, esekelwe eAustralian National University, iyisakhiwo sokuqala sokusebenza kwe-computer ephezulu. Isekelwe ngokusetshenziswa kwemali egciniwe, i-NCI iye yathumela ezinye zezinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu ezinamandla eNingizimu Nenkabazwe, kuhlanganise ne GADI isimiso sesimiso sokulungisa isimo sezulu. Lemishini yenza abacwaningi base-Australia bakwazi ukulingisa izinqumiso ezisehlakani ngaphambili, ukuhlaziya kwezezokwelapha, kanye nezokuhlobisa i-projekthi yemicstiki kanye nesayensi yomkhathi. Imali ye-ekhompathi ayizange ihlanganise i-ekhothane kuphela kodwa futhi isekele ukukhisa okukhethekile kwezinhlelo ze-software nemininingwane, iqinisekisa ukuthi abacwaningi base-Australia banesiphelo sokulungisa izikhali. [FTB:] [FF]

Syncrotrotron YaseAustralia

Isesiteshi esine-athomu elinamandla kakhulu esisetshenziswa ekuhloleni izinto ezisetshenziswa ekuhloleni i-athomu namangqamuzana. Izimali zemali zasetshenziswa ekwakheni kwazo phakathi kwama-2000 futhi ziye zaqhubeka phakathi kwezinhlangothi eziningana ze-altlet. Namuhla, i-syncrotron isekela izinkulungwane zabacwaningi unyaka ngamunye emasimini asukela eklanyweni yezidakamizwa nasemikhakheni yebhethri kuya esayensini yasendulo. [[FLT:] ukuxhumana kwe-Exterronal: i-Syncrotron e-ASTIN[FFF:1]

I-Etherney iye yangamela futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwe-symprotron e-ANTO ebanzi yezinto eziphilayo, yenza i-synergie nge-asperfector yokucwaninga nge-OPAL ye-nyutron yokusakaza ukuhlola kwe-neutron. Lendlela ehlangeneyo iveza ukubuya kokutshala imali ngokwenza amasu ahlanganisayo ngaphansi kwesimiso esisodwa sokubusa.

Imikhumbi Yokucwaninga Ye - CSIRO Nezitsha Zasolwandle

I-Moota ixhase ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kwemikhumbi yempi yokucwaninga yeCSIRO, kuhlanganise ne-RV Investigator. Le mpahla ivumela ukucwaninga okuphathelene nolwandle ezindaweni ezinkulu ze-Australia, isekela ushintsho lwesimo sezulu, ukuphathwa kwezinhlanzi, nokuhlola imigodi. Umfuziselo wezimali ze-Moonte yemikhumbi uhlanganisa iminikelo evela e-Australian Antarctic Division nase-Bureaustration of Meteorology, ibonisa izinzuzo ezizints-asemziningi zesakhiwo esinjalo. Umxhumanisi wesimo sezulu: RVIGACIG, CSIGRO[F:3]

Okunye Okuphawulekayo

  • I-Australian Phenomics Facial: Izindawo eziphezulu ezingenisa ukushisa kanye nezindawo zasemasimini zokuqonda ukukhula kwezitshalo nokuthuthukisa ukuqina kwesivuno, ixhaswe ngezabelo zezimali ze-University of Adelaide ne-CSIRO.
  • Bay kanye ne-BiomeBank: ukugcina nokuhlelwa kwamasampula ezinto eziphilayo zokucwaninga kwezokwelapha, kuhlanganise ne-Australian Biobiobank, eyathola ukusekela kweTreasury njengengxenye yeGenomics Health Futures Mission.
  • Square Kilometre Array (SKA)-Ingxenye ye-Australia:[ Inkampani yafaka amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu - 1,2 ukuze imeme isibonakude somsakazo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, nendawo yase-Australia eNtshonalanga ye-Australia inikeza indawo yomsakazo ethule ngokuyingqayizivele ukuze iphawule indawo ejulile.

Ukucwaninga Okuzuzisayo Nokukhula Kwezomnotho

Ithonya lokutshala izimali lidlulela ngalé kwezakhiwo ngokwazo. Ngokusiza ukucwaninga kwezwe lonke, lokhu kutshala izimali kubangela ukukhula kwezomnotho ngokuhwebelana, ukusungulwa kwemisebenzi, nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono. Ucwaningo lwango-2023 lukaDeloitte Acces Economics lulinganisela ukuthi wonke amadollar athengiswe embonini yesizwe angenisa phakathi kukaR2,50 no-R3,00 ezingeni lezentengiselwano zezomnotho eminyakeni eyishumi, ngokukhiqiza okuqondile, ukubambisana kwezemboni, kanye nemiphumela ehambisana nale.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zakhiwo zikhanga iziphiwo zomhlaba wonke. Abacwaningi abavela e-Australia, e-Asia, nase-Nyakatho Melika beza e-Australia bezosebenzisa i-synthrotron, amacomputer, nemikhumbi yasolwandle, benezela ekuhwebelaneni ngolwazi nasekuqiniseni idumela le-Australia njengendawo entsha eyiswa kuyo. Ngakho - ke indima yeNdawo yezimali ekusekeleni izakhiwo ezinjalo ithuthukisa amandla athambileyo nekhono layo lokuxoxa ngenzuzo izinhlangano zokucwaninga zomhlaba wonke.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Nezinselele Eziqhubekayo

Uma ibheka phambili, i - Australian Treasury iyaqhubeka ishintsha indlela yayo yokutshala izakhiwo eziyisisekelo zokucwaninga.

Izakhiwo Zokuxhumana Nezokwaziswa

Ukuqhuma kwesayensi yemininingwane esekelwe emafwini (isayensi yemininingwane), kusukela ekuhlolweni kwe-genemomics kuya ekuhloleni izinkanyezi kuya ekusebenziseni ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa ($demands) ehlala ikhona ngokukhuliswa kwamandla olwazi nokuphathwa kokwaziswa. I-Othermenti cishe ingenza ukutshala izimali kusengaphambili ezimweni zokucwaninga ezisekelwe emafwini, iziteshi zemininingwane yemininingwane, kanye nokuncishiswa kwe-ibhusayithi yempahla yokucwaninga. Isimemezelo samuva se-National Research Data Clock [[ Imkhankatho, esekelwe yizimali zemali yemali, izimpawu ze-screctory ekwazi ukwelapha inzuzo yokucwaninga njengenzuzo efana namandla noma ukuthutha.

Inqwaba Yezincwadi Nezobuchwepheshe Ezithuthukile

I-Australia izimisa njengomholi ekuhlolweni kwe-quantam commun nase-ove. I-Mooral isiyabele ukuxhasa kwembewu i-Australian Centre for Quantellignence futhi ihlola izimpawu ezihambisana nohulumeni bezwe kanye nesikhungo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-quantam busuka kumanani ezinto zesayensi yezesayensi zokucwaninga kuya kwezentengiselwano, i-Ofekitha idinga ukusungula izindlela ezintsha zokuxhasa izimali ezingahlalisa imishini esheshayo nemishini emifushane evuselelayo.

Ukulondolozwa Kwamandla Nokusebenza Kahle

Izindawo zokucwaninga ziwusizo olubalulekile. Isekethi ifuna ukuba imisebenzi yezesisekelo ihlanganise isizukulwane esivuselelwe samandla noma amasu adingekayo. Imali egciniwe egciniwe esikhathini esizayo ingahlobanisa imvume yokutshala imali ekutholweni kweminyango yekharbon. Lokhu kuhambisana nokuzibophezela kukahulumeni ekukhipheni i-net cell nge-2050 futhi kusiza ekunciphiseni izindleko zokusebenza ezikhungweni zokucwaninga.

Ukusakazwa Kwezifunda Nokulingana

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo zezakhiwo zokucwaninga zizwakala kulo lonke elase-Australia, i-Mooral cishe ikhuthaza ukutshala imali ngaphandle kwamadolobha amakhulu. Izikhungo zokucwaninga zesifunda eTownsville, eHobart, nasePerth kakade seziye zazuza ezikhungweni ezihlotshiswe ngeTreasurence, kodwa kunesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwezemali. Ivezi zezimali ezingase zizise abanikazi abathengiswe ngezimali emikhankasweni esezindaweni ezithile noma lezo ezihilela izinhlangano zokucwaninga zezifunda.

Isiphetho

I-Australian Treasurer ifeza indima ebanzi nebalulekile ekwakheni nasekusekeleni izakhiwo zesizwe zokucwaninga. Ngezibonelelo eziqondile, izisekelo zezimali, izisusa zentela, nentuthuko yezimiso, i-Otherine iqinisekisa ukuthi ososayensi base-Australia nabasunguli be-intelliting bayakwazi ukufinyelela amathuluzi omhlaba. Ithonya libonakala ezindaweni ezifana ne-NCI, i-Saynchrotron, kanye ne-RVPigrator, okuye kwandisa ukucwaninga kwe-Australia embulungeni yonke. Njengoba izinselele ezintsha zisuka ku-data entsha kuya e-quantation", futhi isiyalo ye-Mongo ye-Mongo yezensial ziyohlala zinzima. Ngokuqhubeka ukutshala imali engokozwe lonke, i-RPreciomistling, kodwa futhi i-octivement engenisa ukuchuma kwembulunga yonke.

[[[UMTL:0] Isixhumanisi: I-External Treasurer ye-Australia