Kuleminyaka eyishumi edlule, izikhungo zasemadolobheni kulo lonke elase-United Kingdom ziye zaba izindawo eziyinhloko ababaleki nabafuduki abafuna ukuphepha, ithuba, nesiqalo esisha. Ukugcwala kwababa abasha emadolobheni kufaka ukucindezela okungavamile ezinjwayezini zendawo, izindlu, nezinkonzo zomphakathi. Ekuphenduleni, iziphathimandla kanye nabaholi abahlangene bayaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezisendaweni, izixazulu ezidlulela kude kakhulu kwemithetho yesizwe. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela amameya amazwe asingatha ngayo izidingo zababa nabafuduki ezindaweni zasedolobheni, izinselele ababhekene nazo, nezinhlelo ezintsha ezishintshayo ezihlanganisa idolobha.

Ukushintshashintsha Kwendlela Yokufuduka Emadolobheni Ase - UK

Inani lababaleki nabafuduki liye lakhula kakhulu kusukela ngo-2010, liqhutshwa izimpi e-Syria, e-Afghanistan, e-Ukraine, futhi muva nje linyakaziswa isimo sezulu kanye nokuthutha kwezomnotho e-Afrika naseMpuma Ephakathi. Ngokwe- uMgagation Observatory[, cishe amaphesenti angu-40 abo bonke abantu abazalwa e-UK abahlala eLondon, kanye namaqoqo aphawulekayo e-Birmingham, eLeyster, eLeicester, nase-Glasgow. Lokhu kuhlanganisa idolobha kusho ukuthi ohulumeni bavame ukuba bathintane ngezinkonzo zokuhlalisa izinkonzo, ukusekela izindlu, nokuhlangana kwabantu.

Icebo leHhovisi Lasekhaya, elisusa abafuni bezikhoselo ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwezwe ukuze bakhulule ukucindezela eLondon naseNingizimu Mpumalanga, liye lasakaza umthwalo wemfanelo oqhubekayo. Amadolobha anjenge-Cardiff, iLiverpool, ne-Sheffield manje anenani elikhulu lababaleki ngaphansi kwezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokulungisa isimo. Nokho inqubo yezezwe ngokuvamile iyantengantengantenga ezindaweni ezikhona, ishiya imeya ukuze igcwalise izikhala ekutholeni ukunakekelwa kwempilo, ukusekela umsebenzi, nokubambisana komphakathi.

Izinselele Zomkhova Ababhekene Nababaleki Nabafuduki Ezindaweni Ezisemadolobheni

Ngaphambi kokuhlola izinhlelo zemeya, kubalulekile ukuqonda izithiyo eziqondile ababaleki nabafuduki ababhekana nazo lapho befika emadolobheni ase - UK.

  • Isithiyo solimi: [ Ukuntuleka kwekhono lesiNgisi kulokhu kuyisithiyo esikhulu kakhulu ekutholeni izinkonzo, ekutholeni umsebenzi, nasekwakheni izinhlanganisela. Ngisho nababaleki abanezizinda eziphambili bangase balwe kanzima nesiNgisi esidinga isayensi yemikhakha yabo.
  • Ukungalondeki: izimakethe zokuqasha zangasese emadolobheni zincintisana kakhulu, futhi abanikazi abaningi bayanqikaza ukuqasha ababaleki noma abafuduki abangenawo umlando we-UK wokuqasha noma i-guarant. Indawo yokuhlala yesikhashana ivame ukugcwala noma ukuncipha.
  • Izinkinga zokungaqiniseki: abafuduki bavame ukubhekana namakhono angafanelani, ukungatholi inzuzo yezimfanelo zangaphandle, kanye nokucwaswa abaqashi. Ababaleki ngokuvamile bagcina imisebenzi abayilondekile, okuholela ekusebenzeni ngaphansi kwemisebenzi nakwemali enzima.
  • Ukufinyelela kobukhazikhazi: Ngenkathi i-NHS inikeza ukunakekela kuzo zonke izakhamuzi, izithiyo ze-bureaucrates njengokubonisa ukuthi ziyakwazi ukubhalisa, ukubhalisa, nokuqonda isimiso kungavimbela abafuduki ukuba bathole ukwelashwa ngesikhathi.
  • Ukuhlukaniswa okungokobuhlanga: Abasanda kufika ngokuvamile abanawo umkhaya noma ama-social, okwenza ukuhlanganisa kube nzima kakhulu. I-Xenophobia nobandlululo lobuhlanga, nakuba kuncane kakhulu kunangaphambili, kusadala izithiyo zokuba yilungu.
  • Impilo yengqondo: ababaleki abaningi baye babhekana nobuhlungu, ushushiso, noma izikhathi ezithatha isikhathi eside zokungaqiniseki phakathi nenqubo yesiphephelo. Ukuthola ukusekela kwengqondo okuzwelayo ngokwesiko kuyanqamuka.

Izinselele ezikhona zibangelwa ukuthi imingcele yamadolobha ayivamile ukuhambisana nezindlela zokuhlala zabafuduki.

Indlela Ehlelekile Yezigelekeqe Ze - UK May

Imeya ye-UK isebenza phakathi kwesakhiwo esinezindawo ezihlukene ngokwesifunda. Abanye banamandla ezindawo zokuhlala, ezokuthutha, nezokuthuthukisa zomnotho, kuyilapho abanye banethonya elingokomfanekiso noma elithambile. Naphezu kwalezi zithiyo, abaningi baye basungula amacebo abanzi okusingatha izidingo zabafuduki nababaleki. Amahlelo alandelayo aningiliziwe ngezindlela ezithinta kakhulu.

Izinhlelo Zolimi Nezemfundo

Ama-may baye basebenzisa ilungiselelo lesiNgisi sokuhlela i-Speachers of Other Languages (ESOL). E-Greater Manchester, ihhovisi lomphathi-maya elikanye namakholiji nezinhlangano zomphakathi ukuze asungule i-EsoL yedolobha elinobubanzi obubopha futhi iqashelwe ama-module emishini yokufunda nge-inthambi ye-inthambi ye-inthaneti. Ngokufanayo, uMmeli wase-London wakhipha i- “siNgisi saBonke”, izikhulu zendawo kanye nezinhlangano zokusiza abantu ukuba zidlulisele amakilasi akhululekile noma aphansi emakamu omphakathi, imitatsheni, nezindawo zokukhulekela. Le zinhlelo ngokuvamile ziboshelwa ezibonelo ze-injini yokunakekela izingane, zenza zitholakale kubazali, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abangase bakhishwe ngaphandle.

Ukusekela Umsebenzi Namakhono

Umsebenzi uyisisekelo sokuhlanganisa okuphumelelayo. i-West Midlands Collened Authority, ngaphansi kobuholi bukameya, yasungula i- “Refugee Mudmicability Programme” enikeza i-programme yemisebenzi eyodwa eqeqeshiwe, i-CV, nemfundo yemisebenzi engokwengxenye emasimini efana nokwakha, ubuchwepheshe bezempilo, nobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe. Uhlelo lusebenza nabaphathi bemisebenzi ukunciphisa ukucwasana nolwazi lwamazwe angaphandle. Enyakathotho ne-Mpumalanga , umphathi we-Authompered Auty usungulity i-Tene Drieced Auvened Authrouthrouth, iseke i-'umthombe ye-mentinance evumelana nemfuno yomqashi wezempatho wababa bendawo. Ngokwesidingo se- [FLD:0]

Ukunakekelwa Kwempilo Nezinkonzo Zempilo Yengqondo

Abaqaphi baye basebenzisa futhi amandla abo ezempilo yomphakathi ukuthuthukisa ukungenela kwezempilo. UMayor wase-London “Healthy London” waxhasa inkonzo yokuxhumana ngengqondo ngokukhethekile kubabaleki nababaleki abafuna izikhoselo, benikeza ukwelashwa okunengozi ngezilimi eziningi. EBirmingham, umkhandlu wedolobha osekelwa yimeya wezombuso wasungula iqembu lezempilo elizinikezele labafudukayo elisebenza ezindaweni zomphakathi le-NHS ukuthemba ukunciphisa izikhathi zokulinda ukubhaliswa kwe-GP nokunikeza amashadi okufunda ngezokwelapha ezimisweni zomphakathi. Lezi zinyathelo zibucayi ngoba imithetho yempilo yesizwe ivame ukuphatha abafuduki njengeqembu lezisebenzi ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlukene ezidinga izilimi namasiko akhona.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nokuxoxa Ngezindaba Ezinabantu

Ukwehlukaniswa kwabantu kungalimaza njengezinto ezibonakalayo. Ababoshi bezentengiselwano baye basabela ngokuxhasa izenzakalo ezingokwezemvelo, amasu omphakathi avumayo, kanye nezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe. UMayor waseBristol wasungula umkhankaso “u-Bristol Wamukelwa”, okhuthaza izakhamuzi ukuba zizinikele njengemikhankaso efinyelayo” emikhayeni efikayo. ELiverpool, umphathi wedolobha wasungula i-“City of Sanctuary” ukuhlangana, ukuletha ndawonye uhulumeni wendawo, amayunivesithi, namaqembu okholo ukuze zinikeze ukwamukela ababaleki ngemfuduko. Lemizamo ivame ukupheleliswa imikhankambiso elwayo emelene nenzondo nenzondo, idala indawo ephephile yabasanda kufika.

Izinyathelo Ezivelele Zendawo Eziwubufakazi

Nakuba amadolobha amaningi ethuthukile, ambalwa avelele ngenxa yezindlela zawo ezibanzi, ezithandeka kakhulu, nezingokwendawo yomphakathi. Ukuhlola lesisimo kunikeza izifundo eziwusizo kwezinye izindawo zasedolobheni.

Birmingham: “Uhlelo lokwamukela idolobha”

IBirmingham, idolobha lesibili elikhuliswe kakhulu, linomlando omude wokufuduka. Ngo-2019, uMmeya weWest Midlands wamemezela isithi “idolobha elamukelwayo”, isikhwama semali esiyizigidi ezingu-$2,5,5,5, 000 000 esisasazwe iminyaka emithathu. Uhlelo lunikeza ukusekela okusongweyo kuhlanganise nezindlu zesikhashana ezilungiselelwe umkhandlu webhulo-mkhandlu, ama-ESOL, nomsebenzi onikezelweyo. Isici esiyingqayizivele yi- “Cultraficul Navigator”, lapho izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe zisebenza khona njengeziqondiso zokusiza abasanda kufika ezindaweni zokuhamba ngenkampane, imfundo, nokunakekela impilo. Ukuhlola kwasekuqaleni kubonisa ukuthi abahlanganyeli ekuzingeni kwezinhlelo zezinhlelo zezinhlelo zokuzisebenzela ubuchwepheshe phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zesizwe.

IManchester: Umsebenzi Onemisebenzi Engandile Namakhono Okubambisana

Ngaphansi kokuhola kwemeya yaseManchester enkulu, idolobha-lasemuva lasungula i- “Macreensand Works and Skills Prinetshiship” (MESP) ngo-2021. IMESP ihlanganisa abaqashi bendawo abangu-30, kuhlanganise ne-NHS, iSiemens, neCoop, ukuze baqinisekise izingxoxo zemisebenzi kanye nokuphathiswa ababaleki. Ubudlelwane bunikeza “amakhono abalulekile” ekunakekeleni izihambi, ukuhakelana, nokunakekela, konke okufunwa kakhulu kule ndawo. Impumelelo i-“Lords Rock ukuya emsebenzini”, eye yafaka umsebenzi owenziwa ngabaleki bakhona abangaphezu kuka-1 500 phakathi neminyaka emibili. Ihhovisi lomphathi wedolobha libika ukuthi lezi zisebenzi zinikela izigidi ezingu-35 ngonyaka ezinkonselweni kanye nemali ezomnotho zendawo yendawo.

ILondon: Ukuthuthwa Kwababaleki

I-Mayor ye-Internation Integnation yase-London (RII) cishe iyisimiso esinesifiso esikhulu kakhulu sokuthatha i-UK. yaqala ngo-2022, ihlanganisa wonke ama-odokisi angu-32 ukuze inikeze izinkonzo ezingaguquki. Izakhi ze-Core zihlanganisa: indawo ephakathi e-ilayini yezindlu, imfundo, nemithombo yempilo yengqondo; ubugebengu beLondon obunenzondo kakhulu bokubika i-program; futhi “ibhizinisi lezezezezempunga” eliqeqesha ababaleki ezindaweni zezentengini futhi libaxhumanise nezindawo zezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano. I-RI futhi ifaka ukucwaninga okuphambili emikhubeni engcono kakhulu, ukunyathelisa unyaka wonke“ kwezentengo ye-Integatetration”. Izindleko zemali eziphambili ze-creat [6]

Glasgow: Idolobha Lobuhlobo Obungcwele

IGlasgow ibiyidolobha elithutha abantu abafuna izikhoselo kusukela ngo-2,000, futhi umkhandlu wedolobha osekelwa umphathi wedolobha uye wasungula “idolobha laseSanctuary” elivuthiwe. Le simiso sigcizelela impilo yengqondo kanye nokusekela kontanga, kuhlanganise ne- “Sanctuary Café” enikeza ababaleki ukudla kwamasonto onke kanye nendawo yezenhlalo. IGlasgow futhi yasungula ukusondela “Kuqala” kwababaleki, okuthi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele kube nezindlu zesikhashana, kunciphe impumelelo phakathi kwabasanda kufika. Impumelelo yalo budlelwane ihloselwe ukubambisana okunamandla noMkhandlu Yababaleki yase-Scotland kanye nezinhlangano zezindawo zendawo, ibonisa ukuthi umholi wesikhulu sesifunda ungabaleki abaxhuzukisiwe.

Indima Ebucayi Yezinhlangano Zomphakathi

Akukho meya ongasingatha izidingo zababaleki nabafuduki kuphela. Ukuhlanganiswa okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuhlangana okujulile phakathi kukahulumeni wendawo, izinhlangano zomphakathi, izinhlangano zokholo, amabhizinisi, nezinhlangano ezifudukayo. Ama-mayres aye asebenza njengezibophi ezibophayo, akha izakhiwo ezihlanganisa ukuhlukana. Ngokwesibonelo, i-West Midlands Driadd Authority Authority yamisa i- “Myraved ne-Integration Board" ehlanganisa abameleli be-Hofisi Yasekhaya, i-NHS, amayunivesithi ezindawo ezizungezile, nezinhlangano zababaleki. Lebhodi ihlangana ngokwesine ukuze ihlele futhi ihlanganyele ulwazi, igweme ukuhlanganisa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amagebese agcwele.

ENyakatho Ntshona, umphathi we-Liverpool City Region usekele ukusungulwa kwezindawo zomphakathi ezinikela izinkonzo ezihlangene ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa. EToxares, isakhiwo sangaphambili sesikole manje sinekilasi le-ESOL, umthola-khaya wezeluleko ezingokomthetho olawulwa yi-Citizens Applice, iqembu labantwana lokudlala, nebhange lokudla. Le sibonelo sokuyeka ukuthengisa sinciphisa isidingo sabafuduki ukuba banqamule edolobheni ukuze bangene ezinkonzweni ezihlukahlukene, behlise imingcele yokuthatha izitebhisi. [[FLT:]] i-Brish Academy [ iveza ukuthi izakhiwo ezinjalo zenkonzo yokufundisa zinciphisa ukuthunyelwa ngelungiselelo elisakazekile.

Ukusekela Imali Nezinselele Zokuzinakekela

Naphezu kwempumelelo, izinyathelo zomphathi-mameya ngokuvamile zibhekene nokuntengantenga kwezimali. Izinhlelo zesizwe ezifana neRefugee Re Re Re Retable Accomplication Scheme zixhaswe uhulumeni ophethe, kodwa imisebenzi yokuhlanganisa yendawo ixhomeke ezinkokhelweni zesikhashana zeHhovisi le Home noma zezezimali ezinika inzuzo. Abaxhasi baye babiza isikhashana, isikhwama esinikezelwe sokuhlanganisa izinhlangano ezingase zabiwe ngokwezidingo zendawo. Abanye baye bazama ngezimali ezintsha, njengezibopho ezingokwezibopho, lapho abanikazi bafaka khona izimali zemisebenzi futhi bakhokhelwa khona ngemiphumela uma ikhona. Nokho, lezizimo zemali eziphambili zisezingeni lokufuduka.

Enye inselele yimpicabadala phakathi kwegunya lemeya nesimiso sezwe sokufuduka. Ama-mays awanakushintsha imithetho ye-vsav, izikhathi zokulungisa izikhoselo, noma ilungelo lokusebenza izimo zabafuni bezindawo zokukhosela. Ithonya lawo lilinganiselwe ejikelezweni lendawo: izabelo zezindlu, imali yokuthutha umphakathi, kanye nokuphepha komphakathi. Nokho, izimiso zombuso zithinta ngokuqondile imiphumela yokuxhumana kwendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, abafuni bezindawo zokukhosela abasebenzayo abasebenza bagxekwe kakhulu amameya abaphikisayo ngokuphoqelela abantu ekubeni bakhululwe futhi basebenze ngokwethule ngokwethukela. Abanye abameya bezindawo, njengalezo zaseLondon naseMansternester, balindele ukuhoxa ngezimali ngokusekela izimali ukunqandwa kwabafuna indawo yokukhosela abafuna indawo yokuhlala, ngokubonisa ukuzimisela ukuphoqeshelwa kwemingcele yemigomo yokufuna ukukhokha.

Ukulinganisa Imiphumela Nokubheka Phambili

Ukwenezela impumelelo yezindawo ezithatha imeya kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ama-millimeter avamile ahlanganisa izilinganiso zemisebenzi, ukuhleleka kwezindlu, ukuqoqwa kolimi, nokuhlanganiswa komphakathi. Ukwaziswa okuvela e-Office for National Statistics neziphathimandla zendawo kusikisela ukuthi amadolobha anokuhola kwemeya okusebenzayo aqala ngokushesha ukufinyelela ekuzilawuleni. Nokho, ukusakaza kunzima ngoba izici eziningi .

Uma bebheka phambili, omeya balungiselela izinselele ezintsha. Icebo lokuxhasa i-Ukraine lokusebenza ngezindlela zokulawula imikhumbi labonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukusabela okuphuthumayo lapho imiphakathi nohulumeni bendawo besebenza ndawonye. Izifundo zalowo mzamo manje zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa ukufika kwabantu abavela e-Afghanistan, eSudan, nasezindaweni ezikhubazekile zezulu. AmaMay nawo afaka imali emathuluzini amanani, njengezinhlelo zelimi lwezilimi ezisiza ababaleki ukuba bangene ezinkonzweni futhi babika izinkinga ezingokoqobo. UMeya waseNtshonalanga yeNgilandi usebenzise i-nbot ephendula imibuzo evamile ephathelene nezindlu, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, nemfundo ngezilimi ezinhlanu, enciphisa umthwalo ezinkampanini eziphambili.

Abahlaziyi bezimiso zase Urban bakha izimo zokuvuma ngokushesha kanye nentuthuko. Ama-Maya, ngoba anesibopho esiqondile kweze-Public Policy Research aphikisa ngokuthi amadolobha ayizindawo zokucwaninga ezingokwemvelo zokuhlanganisa. Ukuphakama kwawo kwezinkonzo, ukuhlukahluka kwabantu, nokugcwala kwabaqashi kudala izimo zokubuyisana ngokushesha kanye nokuthuthukisa. Ama-meya, ngoba anesibopho esiqondile kwezombangazwe zobuzwe, angazama ngezindlela zokuvimbela lezo hulumeni oyinhloko. Lenhlangano yendawo iyigugu endaweni evame ukuvinjelwa yimpikiswano yesizwe.

Isiphetho: Ukwakha Ngempela Imiphakathi Yasemadolobheni Aphelele

I-UK imaster ayibona nje abaphathi besimiso esimisiwe; bangabaklami abakhuthele abahlanganisa abantu. Ngezinhlelo zolimi, ukubambisana kwemisebenzi, ukuqashwa kwezempilo, ukubopha umphakathi, bakhuluma ngezidingo eziyisisekelo zababaleki nabafuduki emadolobheni. Izibonelo ezivela eBirmingham, eManchester, eLondon, naseGlasgow zibonisa ukuthi lapho abaqondisi be-Glasgow behola ngokubona nangokubambisana, amadolobha aba izindawo lapho abasanda kuzalwa bengaba khona khona kabusha ukuphila kwabo ngesizo nangenjongo ehloniphekile. Nokho, le mizamo idinga izimali eziqinile, ukuthutha amandla ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo zonke izindawo, futhi isibopho esiqhubekayo sokuxhumana kwezentengo yomphakathi. Indlela engaphambili ingesona isenzakalo esisodwa esingekho ngaphandle kodwa inqubo ezuzisa umphakathi wonke umphakathi. Ngokukhuthaza izakhamuzi basedolobhethe kuphela, futhi abafuduki abafuduki abafuduki abamele izikhulu nezindawo zezentengo yezindawo zezentengo yezindawo zezenhlala kuwo wonke amadolobha.