Ukungalingani Okunomthelela EJapane: Ukwehlukana Okujulile

IJapane yake yadunyiswa cishe ngesigaba sayo esiphakathi somhlaba wonke kanye nokubambisana okukhulu kwezenhlalo, iye yathola ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kweholo phakathi namashumi amathathu eminyaka adlule. iGini cofitance, isilinganiso esivamile sokungalingani, iye yanyuka isuka ku-0.28 phakathi no-1980 kuya ku-0.33 ngasekupheleni kuka-206 lapho ihlelwa ngobukhulu bekhaya, ngokwezingqinani [[FL:0] [u-E]] CD [imininingwane ye-OFLY] . iJapan ihlala ilingana kakhulu kune-United States noma iZwe, ukuthambekela kunamagebeko, idla impoqo enyanyeni, izazi zezomnotho, futhi ngokufanayo nomphakathi. Iqembu lezembutho lezombangazwe liyinselele kanjani, ngokwezingqinani lezentengosi yokuguga, impoqolo yezelelwanobhungu nehlelo lezentengosi ([F.]) isilinganiso sezentengosi yezentengosi yezombangazwe (i enkulu).

Umsuka Wenkinga Yokungalingani KwaseJapane

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani amaqembu ezombangazwe efuna izixazululo ezihlukene kanjalo, umuntu kumelwe aqale aqonde izimbangela zokwakha iJapane. Isici esibaluleke kakhulu yimakethe yezisebenzi ezimbili. Emashumini eminyaka, “isimiso sesikhathi sokusebenza” saseJapane sivikele izisebenzi ezivamile ezinemali eqinile, amabhonasi, nezinzuzo eziphanayo. Kodwa ngemva kwenani lentengo yemali egqashuka ngo-1991, izinkampani ziphendukela kakhulu kuzisebenzi ezingezona ezemisebenzi, izisebenzi ezisebenza ngokusemthethweni, futhi zithumela izisebenzi ezikhokhelwayo, futhi zinciphisa izindleko. Namuhla, cishe amaphesenti angu-40 ezisebenzi awekhokha awana amabhandeki, njengoba kubikwa [[FLT] iNhlangano yezentelliges kanye ne-Training [FLTraisel:] engcono kakhulu [[FLC]]. Lezi zisebenzi zizuza isilinganiso esingama - 60% sezisebenzi ezithola imali ezitholakala njalo futhi zamanje ezitholakalayo.

Omunye umshayeli yintela nokudluliswa kwentela. IJapane incike kakhulu ekusebenziseni izintela kanye nemali yomshuwalense yezenhlalo, ephinde yabuyiselwa futhi ithathe ingxenye enkulu yemali eholayo kwabaholi abaphansi. Okwamanje, intela yentela yentela incishisiwe, futhi inzuzo yemali eshisiwe incishisiwe ngamazinga aphansi kunemali yomsebenzi. Imali yentela yezentengozo zezentengiselwano [ iqaphele ukuthi isilinganiso semali yeJapanasssss aphumelelanga kakhulu kunenye imithombo eminingi ethuthukile yokunciphisa ukungalingani. Okokugcina, izingcindezi zokwanda kwenani lemali. Asebe bancishisiwe kakhulu ngemali yomphakathi, kanti izizukulwane zibhekene nenkokhelo ephakeme emadolo amakhulu emadolobheni. Lezi zicishini ezicinezelelanisa inzuzo zemali emali emali emisha enziwayo amaqembu.

Izinkolo Zezombangazwe Nezisusa Zazo

Izindlela zezombangazwe zaseJapane zinikeza izindlela eziningi, kusukela kumasu okukhula kokuqala kuya ekunikezeleni okujulile. Ngezansi, sihlola izinqubo zamaqembu amane ayinhloko: i-LDP ebusayo kanye nomngane wayo kaKomeito, i CDP eyinhloko ephikisayo, ne JCP. Iqembu ngalinye lihlela umagazini ngokwehlukile, libonisa isisekelo sokusekela nokusekela kwalo.

Liberal Democratic Party (LDP): Ukukhula Njengekhambi

I-LDP, ebusayo cishe ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ngo-1955, iye yaphikisa ngokwesiko ukuthi ukukhula kwezomnotho kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuphakamisa zonke izikebhe. Ngaphansi kwenduna yezikhulu uShinzo Abe (202-20) kanye nabalandeli bakhe, leliqembu laphishekela “ingxube yemali enciphileyo” (ingxubevange yemali, imfucumfucu, imfucumfucu, nezinguquko zesakhiwo. I-LDP ikhomba izinga lokunga lokungasebenzi okubhaliwe kakhulu kwenani elingu-cwenga ngapha nangapha nangapha kwemali. Izisebenzi eziningi eziphakele zincishiswa intela ezikhushubile. Kodwa i-LD ziveza ukulingana kwemali ephansi kwemali egciniwe ngemali egciniwe ngenani eliphansi kakhulu. Izisebenzi ezisezingeni ezingondleni ezingekho ziseke kakhulu ukuba zisekele izisebenzi ezisebenzayo ezinkampanini ezisebenzayo ezisebenzayo kanye nezinkampanini ezikhokhelwayo futhi ezikhokhela intela ezikhungweni ezinkulu. Kodwa izikhulu ziveza izindleko ezinkulu kakhulu.

Komeito: Umngane Oyingcweti

Komeito, i-LDP ehlangene neqembu eliphakathi kweqembu eliphethe i-LDP, imelela umfantu okhathalela kakhulu izenhlalo phakathi komfelandawonye obusayo. Iqembu liqala emzabalazweni we-Soka Gakkai brank, i-Komeito igcizelela izimiso zomuntu eziphakathi futhi iye yasekela ngokomlando izimiso zezenhlalakahle. Eminyakeni yamuva, iKomeito iye yasekela ukunikezwa kwemvume yezingane, ukwandisa imfundo yamahhalalo, nokuphakamisa umholo owengeziwe ngokushesha kakhulu. Iqembu lisekela futhi isimiso sentela esiqhubekayo, nakuba lingaziqaphelisithathi kahle ithonya layo leze libonakale emithethweni efana “Reiwa” nezindawo eziphambili ezihlanganisa ukusiza inzuzo emakhaya nokuzuza inzuzo engcono kakhulu, ngenxa yekhono elikhona elingcono kakhulu ngenxa yezingane ezikhulile. Nakuba i-Komeito ayinikelitim, ukungenela kwekhono lokuthuthukisa ukuzuza kakhulu kwekhono lokuhlala ndawonye ngenxa yekhono lokuhlala ndawonye ngenxa yenye futhi.

Umthetho - sisekelo we - Democratic Party (CDP): Ukwabelana okuqhubekayo kokuRedis

I-CDP, umkhakha omkhulu wokuphikiswa, uthatha ukuma okucacile kokuzimela. Ihlongoza ukuphakamisa iholo eliphansi lesizwe ukuze ithole i-01,500 ngehora (cishe i-R1,50) phakathi no-2020, iveza isidingo seholo lokuphila. Iqembu futhi lihlongoza ukusungula intela eqhubekayo, ukukhokha intela eyandayo kwabacebile, nokuvala intela yokuphumelela nokulahlekelwa kwemali. I-CDP ingandisa ingxenye yemali yenhlalakahle yezenhlalo, kuhlanganise nemfundo ephakeme yezentengiselwano yezempilo, nemali ekhuphuzile yezentengiselwano yezentengiselwano yomphakathi, i-mpatho yezentengo yezemisebenzi ethile: i-CDP efuna ukuqinisa iziqondiso emsebenzini ongekhona, ukukhokha umshuwa kwezisebenzi ezingeni ezingeni ezinhlanganweni zezentengosini ezisendlekweni zezomnotho, nakuba izinhlangano zezehluleka kakhulu. Nokho, izinhlangano zezenani eliphansi zezenani eliphansi, zikhushukuma izinhlangano zezenyukayo, nakuba zikhuphuzile, nakuba zikhushushise izipha

IQembu LobuKhomanisi LaseJapane (JCP): I - Systemic Arhaul

I-JCP inikeza umbono onamandla kakhulu. Iphikisa ngokuthi isimiso sokuhweba ngokukhululekile ngokwaso sibangela ukungalingani, futhi ukushintshela ekubeni nezimboni eziyinhloko kuphela nokungenela okuqinile kwezwe kungaxazulula lenkinga. I-JCP isikisela intela yengcebo emalini enkulu nempahla, ukwanda okukhulu kwezintela zezenkampani, kanye nokubekwa kwezihlalo ezinkulu zezezimali nezemishini. Iqembu lifuna ukuvinjelwa emsebenzini ovamile kanye nelungelo eliyilungelo elivamile lezisebenzi ezivamile. Futhi lisekela ukwahlukana kwezakhamuzi ngenyanga ngayinye, okusekelwe yintela ecebile. Nakuba iJCP iphethe izihlalo zezihlalo ezimbalwa kuphela ezise Ceti, imibono yalonti ithola ngisho nezingabalulekile phakathi kwabasha abaholi nababa abashisekelizwe. Iqembu lithola amandla amashumi amaningi emashumini eminyaka, kodwa futhi ligwetshwa ngokunye izikhulu zezelelwa ngezikhulu zemali.

Ezinye Izigigaba Namazwi Ahlangene

Ngalé kwabadlali abane abakhulu, amaqembu amancane njengoReiwa Shinsengumi, eholwa yi-media-politician Taro Yamamoto, yenza ukungafani kwezihlalo zabo. UReiwa uhlongoza ukunikeza intela enkulu ngokuthatha intela esetshenziswayo, kanye nentela eyisisekelo, intela enkulu ekhona emhlabeni wonke, kanye nezindawo ezinkulu zezengcebo nezinhlangano ezinkulu. Iqembu lazuza ukunakekela okukhulu komphakathi ekukhetheni indlu ephezulu engu-2019, ukuwina izihlalo ezimbili. Okwamanje, iSivumelwano esingokwezinga elivamile saseJapan i-Innovation (Nipan ahin Kai), esisekelwe kakhulu eOsaka, sigcizelela ukukhucululwa kwemfuyo yonke imfucucumfuko, kodwa sigcizelela ukuncishiswa kwemfucumfucumfucuko yezindawo eziqondile. Inzuzo yalonke incithaka kakhulu ekhuphukayo ezindaweni ezihlukene kodwa incishisiwe. Isilinganiso sokukhula kwezentengo ezindaweni ezihlukene.

Izinselele Zokuphumelela Kwenguquko

Naphezu kwezindlela zokusikisela, ukumisa noma yikuphi ukuncishiswa kwentela okungathi sína eJapane kubhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu. Isilinganiso sokuqala singesomphakathi esinezentengo eziphezulu-ukuya-GDP emhlabeni, ezingaphezu kuka-60%, elinganisela igumbi lokusebenzisa imali entsha ngaphandle kokuba ihambisane nentela enkulu noma ukuyisebenzisa kwenye indawo. Izindleko zokukhokha intela zincishiswa. Izentengo zezenhlalakahle zincishiswane kakhulu zezenhlalakahle, isilinganiso sezemali eJapane, incintisana nezindleko zokukhokha incithakalo entsha ngaphandle kokuba ivumelane nentela enkulu noma incipheko yezentengosi ephakeme. Izentengosi ekhuphuze kakhulu. Intela ekhushubile, incintiswa yize kakhulu intela ephakeme kakhulu iJapanne ngokuncintiswana kwezelelwa yinzuzo ephakeme kakhulu. [i-F.N.N.1]

Enye inselele ukuhlukana kwezombangazwe. I-LDP ne-Komeito zihlangene zibophele iningi elizinzile, okusho ukuthi iziphakamiso zokuphikiswa akuvamile ukuzwakala. Kodwa i-LDP ngokwayo iyitende elikhulu, kanye namaqembu ahlukene kusukela kuma-stance ehlalisanayo. Ukungavumelani kwezenhlalo. Ngokwesibonelo, “imali elinganayo ngomsebenzi olinganayo” edluliswa ngo-2018, umthetho waze walulama kakhulu ngemva kokuxosha amaqembu ebhizinisi futhi ukumelana kwangaphakathi ne-LDP kusuka emaqenjini emuva. Ekugcineni, impucuko yaseJapane ye-bureaucracractic inganciphisa ukumiswa kwenguquko ngisho nokuncitshiswa kwenguquko ehloniphekile. Izinhlelo ze-Minist ingathatha iminyaka ukukhuphulwa kwazo zonke lezi zimo ezinengqondo zokuthuthukisa ukulingana kwezentenga emba embangeni ngaphandle kwesimo sezombangazwe.

Indima Yomphakathi Wasezweni Nengcindezi Yomhlaba Wonke

Izinhlangano zezombangazwe azisebenzi endaweni engenalutho. Izinhlangano zezisebenzi, nakuba zibuthakathaka kunangaphambili, bezifuna iholo eliphansi futhi zisebenza ngokuphepha. I-Rengo, i-Rengo, ifuna ukwanda kwenani lezisebenzi ezingaphezulu kwezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu% ngonyaka, futhi entwasahlobo yama-2024 amankampani amakhulu avumelana ukunyusela izinhlangano ezingaphezulu kwezi-5% enkulungwaneni emashumini eminyaka. Amaqembu amaqembu asebenza njenge-Non-Reglagellant Union, kanye ne-Reocester Coult Comssion Union, kanye ne “i Networket" eziye zaphakamisa ukuqaphela kwenani labesifazane besilisa abalinganayo-5%, futhi eJapania igebhuza igebhuza igebe yodwa kakhulu e-OECD ezindaweni ezingu 22% ezimpondweni eziningi zembulunga yonke, kanti izikhululeka kakhulu izikhulu zezomnotho zezezwe elingundabhhhhhhhhhhhh, kanti izikhulu zezezezezehlaka zezomnotho eziphambili zezwezwe elinje likhipha kakhulu, kodwa izikhulu kakhulu zeze izikhulu

Ukuqhathanisa Izindlela Zokufinyelela: Imiphi Imisebenzi?

Izentengiselwano zihlukene phakathi kwendlela okuphumelela kakhulu kuyo. Indlela yokuqala ye-LDP isekelwa kakhulu: amazwe anamazinga akhulela kakhulu abheke inzuzo ebanzi, uma zingekho izinzuzo ezithathwayo kuphela phezulu. Ukukhula okuphansi kweJapane kusukela ngo-1990 kungaba umshayeli wezentengo, njengoba izomnotho zikhokha ngokukhokha ingcebo ekhona. Nokho, izimali eziphansi kakhulu zezomnotho zincishisiwe ngokwezinga eliphezulu zincishisiwe. Izinhlelo zeCDP ezisheshayo zihambisana nobufakazi obuthi intela nezindawo zezombangazwe zinganciphisa kakhulu ukulingana cishe kukhulu, kodwa zingakhokha isilinganiso esikhona, kodwa isilinganiso esiphansi semali nentela ephakeme kakhulu, kodwa isilinganiso sezezwe lonke, asikho isilinganiso esingcono kakhulu sezwe lonke kodwa isilinganiso sezezezezwe. Izimiso zezombangazwe zezombangazwe zezombangazwe zezombangazwe zezombangazwe zezezombangazwe zezezombangazwe ezingasehlalinye isilinganiso esincane kakhulu. Izimiso zezombangazwe zezombangazwe zezezombangazwe ezingasezinhle kakhulu, kodwa isilinganiso esiphansi esiphelele, kodwa isilinganiso esiphansi esiphansi esiphelele, kodwa iphansi esincane kakhulu

Amathemba Esikhathi Esizayo

IJapane isemdlalweni. Igagasi langemva kokwehla kwamandla emali liye laveza impikiswano yeholo langempela. IBhange laseJapane lishiyé kakhulu ekushintsheni kwezemali ngokungenangqondo lingase lithinte ukuqashwa nokungalingani ngezindlela ezingalindelekile. “INkambini ye-Capitalist” ikhuliswa yiNkulumbuso Kishida, izama ukuhlanganisa ukukhula nokunikeza inzuzo, kodwa kuze kube manje i-Reinsentinmus. Ithemba lomphakathi emaqenjini ezombangazwe liphansi kakhulu ($) kuphela (30%) yemvume yekhabethelo lekhabethe. Lokhu kuvulela indawo yezinhlangano ezilwayo-populatisting, kodwa ezikhona eJapaningeni elingcono, kodwa elithambekele ezindaweni ezihlukene, impumelelo ezindaweni zezezezembusweni zezombangazwe, i-ReiPinmusciapu, ingasabela kakhulu kulezo ezincuphelweni zezindawo eziphambili zemali ezisezincuphe kakhulu, kodwa izifunda kakhulu, kodwa izifunda kakhulu, uma izifunda kakhulu izifunda kakhulu, izifunda kakhulu kunabantu abambalwa kakhulu,

Isiphetho: Umshikashika Oqhubekayo

Ukungalingani kwemali eholayo eJapane akuyona inkinga elingana ne-United States noma i-Brazil, kodwa kungumkhuba owonakele osongela ukuzinza kwezenhlalo futhi olulaza injongo yomphakathi olungile. Amaqembu ezombangazwe aseJapane aye asabela ngemibono ehlukile, kusukela ekukhuleni kwe-LDP kancane kancane kancane ehambisana nokukhula, ukuhlanganisa, ukuvuselelwa, nokuhweba okungokomsebenzi. Ngenani labantu abahlala ezindaweni eziphansi, ukuzalwa okuphansi, ukuchuma kwembulunga yonke, intengo yembulunga yomhlaba, kodwa impikiswano ngokwayo iyisibonakaliso esihle senkulumo yentando yentando yeningi. Inselele ukudlula ukuveza ukuvusehlela inguquko, ukuhlanganisa ukukhula, ukuvuseneka, nokushintsha kwezemisebenzi. Inkinga engcono kakhulu yezezombangazwe ingawuveza umbono odingayo.