Indlela Imithetho Elandelwa Ngayo Imithetho Ethinta Ngayo Ukuthatha Umhlalaphansi Nokulahlwa Kwecala

Imithetho esemthethweni esendaweni yombuso neyombuso inethonya eliqondile nelihlala njalo ekulondekeni ngokwezimali kwabathatha umhlalaphansi. Imithetho edluliselwayo inquma yonke into kusukela endleleni izimali zempesheni ezisetshenziswa ngayo futhi ikwazi ukuchaza ukuthi zinjani izinzuzo ezibalwayo, ukuthi zifanele, futhi inkathi abantu abangathatha ngayo umhlalaphansi. Kubantu abasebenza kanye nabathatha umhlala-phansi ngokufanayo, ukuqonda inqubo yomthetho elawula lemithetho elawulayo ibalulekile ukuze benze izinqumo eziqondile ngokuhlela kwabo ikhefu. Lesihloko sihlola izindlela imithetho elawula ngayo umhlalaphansi nezimiso zemali, iqokomisa izenzakalo ezingokomlando nomthetho wamuva, futhi idingida izinselele eziqhubekayo abenzi bomthetho ababhekene nazo ekuqinisekiseni ukulondeka isikhathi eside somhlalaphansi.

Inqubo Yomthetho Yomthetho Wokwehlisa Umhlalaphansi

Isivumelwano somhlalaphansi nomthetho wempesheni wempesheni kuqala njengesivumelwano sokukhipha imvume esisungulwe endikimbeni yemithetho ye-U.S. i-component. Icala libhekiswa ekomitini efanelekile, njenge-Committee yezezimali yeSishaya-mthetho noma i-House Ways and Act Committee ye-modence ye-oms esigaba sikahulumeni, noma ikomiti kahulumeni yempesheni neyasemende. Amakomiti athatha ukuqulwa lapho ochwepheshe, abasekeli, nezikhulu zezezinkampani zifaka khona ubufakazi. Uma i-Sishaya-mthetho sidlulisa ikomiti, sihamba siye egunjinini eliphelele lengxoxo futhi sivote impela. Inqubo ingathatha izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka, idinga ukuqulwa kwezombangazwe, ukumiswa kwezentethelelo kanye nokuhlenga.

Ngemva kokudlula kokubili nanoma yikuphi ukubuyisana, izimali ziya kumphathi omkhulu (uMongameli noma umbusi wezwe) ukuze asayine. Uma sewumisiwe, umthetho usetshenziswa yizinhlangano zezobuphathi njenge-Social Security Administration noma ibhodi lempesheni yemali kahulumeni yabakhokhi be-Rodmini. Inqubo ye-gastion iqinisekisa ukuthi izimo eziningi zezisebenzi, abaholi, abaqashi, nabakhokhi bentela zilinganiswa ngaphambi kokuba zisebenze.

Uhulumeni ophethe

Ukuthatha umhlalaphansi nezimiso zempesheni e-United States zilawulwa yingxube yemithetho kahulumeni ne-omgada. Uhulumeni wezwe uqondisa i-Social Security .Nguqgie yesimiso somphakathi sokuthatha umhlala-phansi esikhulu kakhulu ngokulandela i-Social Security Act futhi ngokulungisa ngokulandelana. Ilawula futhi amapulani omqashi omhlalaphansi nge-Internee Infidect In Security Infication (ERISA), ebeka izindinganiso ezilinganiselwe zemali yempesheni yezempangendiwe ne 401 yezenzwe zomphakathi. Izimiso zikahulumeni, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulawula izinhlelo zemali yomphakathi zothisha, izilwi, amaphoyisa, nezinye izisebenzi zendawo. Umbuso ngamunye unenqubo yomthetho yemali ewundawodwa, iminikelo, nezimfuneko zokuxhasa imali. Lesimiso sesimiso sokusebenza singaguqula ngokuphawulekayo inqubo yemali emishayo noma kunoma isigaba sesigaba sesigaba sesigaba esiseqenjini.

Indlela Imithetho Ethinta Ngayo Ngokuqondile

Lapho seyenziwe, imithetho yokuthatha umhlalaphansi ingashintsha izinzuzo ezitholwa abantu abathatha umhlalaphansi, izimo abangazifinyelela kuzo lezo zinzuzo, nempilo yezimali yesimiso sempesheni ngokwayo.

Zuza Izinguquko Ezikhona Ekubaleni

Imithetho eminingi yempesheni ichaza ukuthi zilinganiselwa kanjani izinzuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho ungashintsha indlela yokubala isilinganiso sokukhokha esetshenziselwa ukuthola inzuzo yaminyaka yonke, njengokulungisa inzuzo yokwandiswa (umz., 2% yemali yokugcina elinganiselwayo ngonyaka wenkonzo ku-5.C.%). Imithetho ingahlela indlela yokubala isilinganiso senkokhelo yokugcina, njengokulinganisela iminyaka emithathu ephezulu kunemihlanu, ethanda ukwandisa izinzuzo. Izindleko zokulungisa izindleko zokuphila (Njengendlela) zinganciphiswa noma zikhiswe ukuze kugcinwe imali. Illinonia, ngokwesibonelo, idlulise umthetho kuleyo ehlayo ngokwenzuzo yemali, kodwa isimo esikhulu kamuva inkantolo singehlele phansi njengemiphumela engcono. Le nzuzo emisiwe engokwezimali.

Iminikelo Nezimali

Imithetho ingagunyaza iminikelo ekhushuliwe evela kuzisebenzi, abaqashi, noma kokubili ekunciphiseni izimiso zempesheni ezingakhokhelwanga. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Pentees Precions Penication Reformation Act yaseCalifornia ka-2013 yaphakamisa amazinga ezisebenzi ezikhokhelwayo ezintsha futhi yanciphisa izinzuzo ezithile. Ngokufanayo, imithetho kahulumeni enjenge-Pension Protection Protection Act ka-2006 eqiniselwe izimfuneko zezimali zenkampani zenzuzo ezizokusiza, ifuna ukuba izinkampani ziqoqe izithembiso zazo zempesheni ngesikhathi esifushane. Lemithetho ivimbela izindleko zokushintsha izizukulwane ezizayo futhi iqinisekise ukuthi izinzuzo ezithenjisiwe ziyakhokhwa. Nokho, amazinga emali engeziwe emali yomnikelo anganciphisa ukukhokhelwa kwezisebenzi nezindleko zokwandisa inzuzo zezisebenzi, ngezinye izikhathi iholele ekuncishisweni kwezinye izinzuzo zezisebenzi noma ekuqeshweni kwezisebenzi.

Ukuphumelela Nokuthatha Umhlalaphansi Kuyashintsha

Enye i-gated ejwayelekile ye-Social Security egcwele i- ishintsha indinganiso yokungangeni emhlalaphansi [[FLT: 1] ukuze ithole izinzuzo zomhlalaphansi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhushulwa kobudala obuvamile lapho izisebenzi zingathatha khona umhlalaphansi zinezinzuzo ezigcwele. Ngokwesibonelo, inkathi yeNyuselo egcwele yomhlalaphansi iye yanda kancane kancane ukusuka ku-65 (yalabo abazalwa ngaphambi kuka-1950) kuya ku 67 (ngo-695) (ngokwalabo abazalwa ngemva kuka-19591) abadlula ukuqedwa kokuthatha umhlalaphansi ngo-mhlalaphansi ngo-19343. Izimiso zemali ziye zakhuphuzisa ngokufanayo iminyaka ejwayelekile yeminyaka engu-55 ukuya ku-62 noma 65 yokuthola iholo elisha elincane lokuhlola izindleko ezincane kakhulu. Ukuhlela izimali zomuntu siqu, ukuhlelela izimali zomuntu siqu.

Izenzakalo Ezinkulu Zemithetho Ezithinta Ukuthatha Umhlalaphansi

Imithetho eminingi ephawulekayo iye yathonya ngokuyinhloko indawo yomhlalaphansi e - United States futhi iyaqhubeka ithonya izimpikiswano zemithetho namuhla.

Ukuthatha Isinyathelo Sokulondeka Komphakathi Ngo - 1935

Mhlawumbe umthetho obaluleke kakhulu owake wadluliselwa ngenxa yokulondeka komhlalaphansi, i-Sacial Security Act yamisa uhlelo lwe-mushuwalense omdala kahulumeni oluxhaswe ukukhokha intela ebhakathiwe. Yakha inethithi lokuphepha ezigidini zabantu abadala baseMelika ababhekene nobumpofu uma bethathe umhlalaphansi. Ukulungisa izinqumo kuye kwandisa intengo, izinzuzo zokukhubazeka, kanye nezintela nezinzuzo. Lo hlelo manje lunikeza iholo engaba ngu 3024% yeholo elikhona ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, nakuba lungahloselwe ukuba kube ukuphela komthombo weholo womhlalaphansi. Izicelo zokuqinisa i-social seculo, njengokukhuphuzwa kwentela noma ukukhushuzwa ngokuphelele iminyaka ephambili.

I - Infidence Security Act (ERISA) ka - 1974

I-ERISA yamisa izindinganiso zikahulumeni ze-infrence yehlelo lezezezimali kanye nezicwangciso zezempilo. Yamisa amazinga aphansi emali, izinhlelo, imithwalo yemali esemthethweni kubaphathi bezinhlelo, nezimfuneko zokuveza. I-ERISA yadala futhi i-Pisetion Benefivity Guarant Corporation (PBGC), ethiwe inzuzo yemali yempesheni uma inkampani ilahlekelwa imali futhi ingenakhokha izinzuzo ezithenjisiwe. Lomthetho uvikela izigidi zezisebenzi ukuba zingalahlekelwa ipeni ngenxa yokuphatha inkampani noma ukulahlekelwa ishefuthe. Nokho, i-ERICA ayiguli izikhokhe zemali zomphakathi, ezibuswa esikhundleni semithetho yemithetho yemithetho elawula izwe lonke izwe.

Isinyathelo Sokuvikelwa Kwecala Ngo - 2006

Lomthetho kahulumeni osekela imithetho eqinile yokuxhasa izinhlangano ezichazayo ukuze kuzuze amasu akhona lapho kulandela ukuhluleka kwemali yempesheni ephezulu nokungathandeki. Kwadinga amasu ukuba abe ngu 80-100% axhaswe kakhulu ngokusebenzisa isilinganiso semali yezemali ethathelwanayo, futhi wabeka izimiso ezisheshayo zokuxhasa amapulani asesimweni esiphansi. Isenzo futhi senza kwaba lula ngezisebenzi ukuba zibhalise ngokuzenzakalelayo ku 401(k) amacebo futhi zinikeze ukuvunjululwa okucacile kwempilo. Nakuba impumelelo enkulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuxazululwa kwemali yemali yemali yempatho ethathelwa isigaba esizimele, izimfuneko eziqinile zokuxhasa imali zaholela ekunciphiseni amacebo azo achazwayo futhi zishintshele ekuncipheni amashumi amane (k) amacebo abekwe ngokuphelele.

ISEKISO SESECURE (209 no - 2022)

[[NTL:0] Ihlela wonke ama-oceal Aption ukuze kukhushulwe umhlalaphansi (I-SECURTE) Act ka-2019 kanye no-SECURE 2.0 (edlula ngo-2022 njengengxenye yemali esetshenziswayo) imelela izinguquko ezinkulu zemithetho ezingokongangemali yomhlalaphansi egcinwe emashumini eminyaka. Izinhlelo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Ukwandisa isilinganiso esidingekayo sokusakazwa (RMD) kusukela eminyakeni engu - 70 / 12 kuya kwengu - 72 (futhi ekugcineni kuya kwengu - 75 ngaphansi kwe - SECURE 2.0).
  • Ivumela izisebenzi zesikhathi esiyingxenye ezichitha amahora angu-500 ngonyaka iminyaka emithathu elandelanayo ukuba zihlanganyele emahlelweni angu-401.
  • Ukukhokha intela ngamabhizinisi amancane ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokuqalisa uhlelo lomhlalaphansi.
  • Ukufuna ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo ngo 401 (k) namacebo afanayo kusukela ngo - 2025.
  • Ukwandisa isilinganiso semali efakwayo ebambelwe izisebenzi esezikhulile (amashumi ayisithupha namakhulu) ukuze zisizwe zonga okwengeziwe.

Le mithetho ihlose ukwandisa izinhlelo zomhlalaphansi, ukukhuthaza ukonga nokusakaza okulula. iveza ukugxila ekusekeleni isimiso sokuzithandela, esisekelwe kumqashi njengengxenye yeNhlala - kahle.

Izinselele Zamanje Nezinguquko Ezingokomthetho

Namuhla, izishaya - mthetho zibhekene nezinselele eziningana ezicindezelayo ezivivinya ukulondolozwa kwemithetho yempesheni ekhona kanye nemihlalaphansi.

Isigwebo Somphakathi Esidunyiswayo

Izimiso eziningi zempesheni nezemali yendawo zincishiswa ngezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi. Izici ezinjengokulahlekelwa kwemali yokutshala imali, iminikelo, kanye nenzuzo enkulu eyenziwa emakhulwini eminyaka adlule ziye zanezela kulenkinga. Imithetho iye yasabela ngokunyusa amazinga omnikelo, ukunciphisa izinzuzo zemali emisha eqashwayo, futhi ngisho nokuzama ukuphinde ubeke phambili izinzuzo ezikhona. Izinkantolo zamagatsha ngokuvamile zivikela izinzuzo ezigciniwe. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Illinonia yadlulisa umthetho ngo-201818 ukuze inciphise izinzuzo zempesheni zezisebenzi ezintsha neminikelo yezisebenzi eyandayo, nakuba isifundazwe sisabhekene nezilinganiso zemali zemali yemali ehondiselwayo engcono kakhulu ezweni. Ngokufanayo, iColoradoradorado noArianotesssssssssssss, eziye zancishwa kakhulu enkantolo kodwa zavinjezwa kakhulu. [Flactalments] I-R.[5] Izivumelwano se-R.[FS]

Ukushintsha Okucacisiwe Kuyazuzisa Ekuchazeni Amalungiselelo Omnikelo

Abaqashi beqembu langabodwa baye basusa kakhulu ekuzuzeni okungokwesiko okungokwemali yempesheni echazwe ngesilinganiso (okuqinisekisa ukukhokhwa kwemali ekhokhwayo ngenyanga ekuphileni) ukuze bachaze amasu omnikelo afana no-401(k) (lapho izinzuzo zixhomeke khona eminikelweni nasebuyiselweni). Izenzo zomthetho zikhuthaze futhi ziphendule kule sheshi. Izimfuneko zezimali ze-ERISA ze-DB zenziwa ukuba kuhlelwe izilungiselelo ezibiza kakhulu, futhi i-DC ihlelwe ngokufanele inzuzo engcono kakhulu futhi ifinyeleleke. Nakuba ama-DC enikeza izisebenzi inzuzo engcono nokuzihambela ngokuzimonyobopho. Abagxeki abaningi baphikisa ukuthi izivumelwano zezimali kufanele zenzele kakhulu ukukhuphuzwa kwemisebe noma ukunikezwa izimali zezemali ezithengwayo (njengemali) ukuqinisekisa inzuzo ethembekile. Ezinye izimo ezinjalo, njengoba ama-Ornbon, njengoba ama-fladvotion , [Fration:[Fration:[1] izinhlelo zom] ezisebenzayo, nakuba izisebenzi ezisebenzayo, kodwa abaqashiwe abaqashi

Ukucindezela Kokuphila Kwabantu Nengozi Yobude

Njengoba abagcini bezingane bethatha umhlalaphansi nenani labantu abaphila isikhathi eside, inani labathatha umhlalaphansi likhula ngokushesha kunenani lezisebenzi ezinikela ngentela eqediwe noma iminikelo yempesheni. Lokhu kushintsha kwenani labantu kubekela inselele izindleko zokuthola inzuzo yakho kokubili i-Social Security nempesheni. I-Congationalalbionational Office (CO) [[FLT]] [[FLT]]] imisebenzi yokuthi imali yezentengo yezentengo yezentengo yezentengongozomphakathi izoncitshiswa ekuqaleni kwama-2030 uma kungekho zinguquko zezenzwe zemali, lapho kudinga khona ukukhushulwa ngezikhathi ezingu 23% ezinqamle ibhodi. Abenzi bemithetho baye bahlongoza ikhampatho ehliswayo, ukukhuphulwa kweminyaka egcwele ukuholwa kwentlawulo olude kakhulu, ukuncishiswa kwezinzuzo ezingcono ezingeni ezingcono ezikhuphuzweni (zingeni ezisukela eminyakeni ezingu-66).

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Ekwahlulelweni Kwecala

Uma zibheka phambili, izishaya - mthetho zizoqhubeka zizama ukulinganisela imingcele yemigomo encintisanayo yokunikeza iholo elilondekile lomhlalaphansi, ukugcina izimiso zingakhokhwa abakhokhi bentela nabaqashi, futhi zihlonipha isivikelo esingokomthetho sezinzuzo ezikhiqizwe. Izindlela eziningi cishe zihlela imithetho yesikhathi esizayo:

  • [ Ukubhalisela nokukhuphula okuzenzekelayo: Ukwakha ku-SECURE 2.0, imithetho eyengeziwe ingadinga noma ikhuthaze ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo emahlelweni ogcino lomhlalaphansi, kanye nomnikelo ozenzekelayo ohlangene nokukhula kweholo.
  • Izinhlelo zomhlala-phansi ezikhonjwe ka-State: Izifundazwe eziningi zingalandela lezo ezidale izinhlelo ze-IRA zezisebenzi zeqembu likahulumeni ezingenamasuntswana omqashi. Lezinhlelo zingaphenduka zibe yizimiso ezixubile ezinezinqanyulo zikahulumeni.
  • Ukuguqulwa kwezentengiselwano: ngokunokwenzeka uMkhandlu uzodlula iqoqo lenguquko eshumini leminyaka elizayo. Izakhi ezingase zihlanganise ukunyusela inkathi yomhlalaphansi egcwele ku-69 noma 70, ukwandisa isisekelo sentela, kanye nokwamukela indlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola inzuzo.
  • Ukuhlanganisa nokuhlanganyela izingozi: Ezinye izifundazwe, njengeRhode Island neKentucky, ziye zahlanganisa amasu amancane empesheni ezimisweni ezinkulu ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko nezingozi zokutshala imali. Ezinye zingaqala ngokwenza izithombe ze-riski ezifana nezi-Dashi noma i-Canada, lapho kushintshwa khona izinzuzo ezisekelwe ekusebenzeni kwemali.
  • [[NTL:0] Izizathu ezicatshangelwayo: Imithetho iphikisana kakhulu ukuthi izimali zempesheni kufanele zicabangele izici ze-ESG ezinqunywe ukutshala imali. Ezinye izifundazwe, njengeFlorida, ziye zashaya imithetho enqabela ukucatshangelwa kwe-ESG, kuyilapho ezinye, njengeCalifornia, zikhuthaza. Le mpikiswano izothinta ukubuya nokuqina kwemali yempesheni.

Isiphetho

Imithetho enikezwa izishaya-mthetho iwumgogodla wezimiso zomhlalaphansi nempesheni izigidi zabantu baseMelika ezithembele kuyo. Kusukela kumthetho we-Social Security Act ka-1935 kuya ku-SEURE 2.0 Act ka-2022, i-meta yomthetho ngamunye ibuye ilungise indlela izisebenzi ezilondolozwa ngayo, ukuthi zikhokha kanjani, nokuthi zikhokha kanjani izingozi ezidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni. Njengoba izibalo zezemali ezikhona, izikhala ezisekela izimali eziqhubekayo, futhi ukulondeka umhlala phansi kuba yindaba ephuthuma kakhulu, izishaya - mthetho ezisezingeni elisezingeni eliphakathi nombuso ziyoqhubeka zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqume ukuthi abathatheni isikhathi esizayo bangajabulela yini ukuzimela ngokwezimali. Ukuqonda lezi zinqubo zomthetho kanye nezingathsaba zabo zinika izakhamuzi amandla okuthuthukisa imithetho ehlelekayo, ehlala ihlala impela, egcinwa, futhi igcine izimiso zomhlala. Ukutshelwa ngenqubo yokwehlawulo lwentando yentando yeningi.