Ubuhlobo phakathi kwezombangazwe nesimiso somphakathi budala isisekelo sokubusa emphakathini wonke. Izimpi zezombangazwe zinquma ukuthi yiziphi izinkinga ezithola ukunakekela, yiziphi izixazululo ezizuzayo, futhi yiziphi izindleko zezinqumo. Kubafundisi, kubafundi, nakuzakhamuzi eziboshweyo, ukuqonda lesi sikhangiso akuyona inqubo yemfundo engokwemfundo − kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni inqubo yentando yeningi, ukuhlola ukusebenza kukahulumeni, nokuqaphela ukuhweba okuhambisana nanoma iziphi izinqubo. Lokhu kuhlola okukhudlwana kuphula imiqondo eyisisekelo, amabutho engokombono, izikhungo, izinhlangano zezenkolo, kanye nezifundo zangempela zezendaba eziveza indlela ezombangazwe nomphakathi okungahlukani ngayo.

Ukuchaza Ezombangazwe Nomthetho Womphakathi

Ezombangazwe, zibanzi kakhulu, inqubo iqembu labantu elenza ngayo izinqumo zobunye. Lihlanganisa ukuncintisana ngegunya, ukuxoxisana phakathi kwabaphethe, nokusebenzisa igunya. Ososayensi bezombangazwe bavame ukuyichaza ngokuthi "utholani, nini, futhi kanjani" (ULassell, 1936). Lokhu kuqokomisa ukuthi ezombangazwe ngokuyinhloko ziphathelene nokwabiwa kwemithombo yemali, amalungelo, nemithwalo yemfanelo.

Inkambiso yomphakathi, ngokuphambene, iwumphumela walezo zinqubo zezombangazwe, iziqondiso, iziyalezo, nezinhlelo ohulumeni abazithathayo ukusingatha izinkinga zomphakathi. Umthetho awusona isinqumo esisodwa nje; ukwenziwa (noma ukungathathi-msebenzi) okuthathwa yiziphathimandla zomphakathi. i-Oxford Reference[ ichaza inkambiso yomphakathi njengo "isinqumo sezehlo sesivumelwano esithathwa ngumdlali wezezombangazwe noma iqembu labadlali ngokuphathelene nokukhethwa kwemigomo kanye nendlela yokuyifinyelela phakathi kwesimo esicacisiwe", kanjalo, nakuba ezopolitiki zinikeza inkundla nemithetho, inqubo ephansi ethinta ukuphila kwabantu kwansuku zonke.

Ukuqonda umehluko kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kucacisa ukuthi isimiso asithathi hlangothi ku-(i"ibonisa izindinganiso, imibono, namandla anamandla abekwe esimisweni sezombangazwe. Inqubo ngayinye ihilela ukudayisa okulolongwa yimongo yezombangazwe eyayenziwa ngayo.

Indima Yemibono Yezombangazwe

Imibono yezombangazwe isebenza njengengilazi lapho abantu namaqembu bechaza khona izinkinga zomphakathi futhi benikeza izixazululo. Inikeza izinhloso eziyisisekelo ezinikeza izinqumo ezithandwayo. Nakuba imibono ivame ukwenza kube nezigaba, ngayinye iqukethe ukuhlukahluka kwezinkinga zomphakathi futhi ishintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

  • UbuConservat bugcizelela isiko, ukuhleleka, nokungenela kukahulumeni okulinganiselwe. Abantu bathanda izimakethe ezikhululekile, umthwalo wemfanelo, nokuqapha ngokushintsha ngokushesha kwezenhlalo. Lomqondo uguqulela ezimisweni ezibeka imingcele ephambili, ukunqanda, kanye nokuvikela kwesizwe.
  • I-Liberalist abameleli bakahulumeni okhuthele ukuze bathuthukise ubulungisa bezenhlalo, ukulingana, namalungelo abantu ngabanye. AmaLiberal athambekele ekusekeleni ukutshala imali yomphakathi emfundweni, ekunakekeleni impilo, nasemanetheni okuphepha ngokwezenhlalo, kanye nemithetho evikela abathengi nendawo ezungezile.
  • UbuSocial [ buhlela iqoqo noma ubunikazi bezwe bezindlela zokukhiqiza futhi buhloselwe ukunciphisa ukungalingani kwezomnotho ngezimiso ezishintshashintshayo zezezomnotho. Ukuhluka kwezentando yeningi kwanamuhla kuvumela umnotho oxubene kodwa kugcizelela izinkonzo zomphakathi womhlaba wonke kanye nezivikelo zezisebenzi eziqinile.
  • [ UbuLubérianism bubheka inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye njengenani eliphakeme kakhulu kwezombangazwe. Abameli balempi basekela uhulumeni omncane(olinganiselwe ekuvikeleni amalungelo nezivumelwano(_e futhi baphikisa izinhlobo eziningi zentela, umthetho, nelungiselelo lomphakathi.

Lamaqembu emibono awakho ngokuzihlukanisa. Ngokwesiko, izimpikiswano zezimiso zivame ukuhlanganisa ukuvumelana nezikhundla ezixubile. Ngokwesibonelo, umuntu othatha indiva angasekela ukungenela kukahulumeni ngezindlela zokuvikela imboni yasekhaya, kuyilapho amakhambi akhululekile angasekela izixazululo zezentengiselwano ezinjengekharbon cription yemigomo yendawo ezungezile. Ukuqaphela lezi zici kusiza ekuqondeni ukuthi kungani ukuhweba ngemithetho kungagwemeki: akukho mbono owodwa ongazanelisa zonke izindinganiso ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukwenziwa kwenqubo

Akuvamile ukuba abenzi bemithetho bahleleke, kodwa abahlaziyi bavame ukuyihlukanisa ibe izigaba ezilandelayo ukuze bayiqonde kangcono imikhankaso yezombangazwe esinyathelweni ngasinye.

Ukuhleleka Kwe - Agenda

Uhlelo lwe-Agenda lunquma ukuthi yiziphi izimpikiswano ezithola ukunakekela kukahulumeni. Izinkinga zingavelela ngombono womphakathi, ukusakaza imithombo yezindaba, imikhankaso yezentengiselwano yeqembu, noma ukugxila ezimpikiswaneni ezinjengezinhlekelele zemvelo nezinkinga zezomnotho. Abaholi bezombangazwe bafeza indima ebalulekile: bangaphakamisa ezinye izimpikiswano kuyilapho bengazinaki ngamabomu ezinye. Umqondo "umthetho" (Kingdon, 1984) uchaza ukuthi inkinga, ikhambiso lezombangazwe, kanye nezimo ezivumayo zezombangazwe kumelwe zihlangabene nempikiswano ukuze zifinyelele impikiswano.

Ukwenziwa kwenqubo

Uma nje impikiswano isihleliwe, abakhi bezenkambiso nabafaki bemithetho baveza amakhambi angenzeka. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa ukucwaninga, ukuhlohla, ukuhlaziya izindleko, nokuxoxisana. Umthetho uyenzeka phakathi kwezinhlangano eziphethe, amakomiti emithetho, noma amakhomishane akhethekile. Amaqembu anezithakazelo kanye nokucabanga ukuthi amathangi anikeza umkhakha, ukuhlanganisa izindlela zokuhlela izinto ezithandwayo.

Ukutholwa

Ukutholwa kuyisimo lapho umthetho uvunyelwa khona ngokomthetho yindikimba yemithetho noma igunya eliphethe. Yilapho amandla ezombangazwe ebonakala khona kakhulu: amavoti, ukulungisa kwenziwa, futhi kwakhiwa imifelandawonye. Isakhiwo sikahulumeni . "i-presidenti" noma i-palamenti, i-unbadaral noma ibijadaral . /shapes i-sss. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, ukwahlukana kwemibuso kusho ukuthi umthetho kumelwe udlulise kokubili izindlu zombuso futhi uphile inselele inselele yeSihlalo sikamongameli noma iNkanto Ephakeme.

Isenzo

Ukusebenzisa izinhlelo kushintsha isimiso sibe yinqubo. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni, ngezinye izikhathi ezibambisana nabadlali abangabodwa noma abangenzeli nzuzo, zifeza imininingwane. Lesi sigaba sigcwele izinselele: amandla ombuso, amazinga okuxhasa imali, ukumelana nenani labantu abahloselwe, neziqondiso ezingacacile zingasusa yonke imiphumela ehloselwe. Njengoba iPressman noWindavsky (1973) ibhalwe ngokudumile, ukusetshenziswa "ikhono lokuhlanganisa ukuxhumana kweketanga elihlobene nemiphumela efunwayo

Ukuhlola

Okokugcina, ukuhlola kuhlola ukuthi inqubo ethile yayifinyelela yini imigomo yayo nangayiphi izindleko. Ukuhlola kungaqhutshwa abahloli bezibalo zikahulumeni, abacwaningi bezemfundo, noma izinhlangano ezizimele. Imiphumela ingabuyiselwa emuva ekuhlelweni kwezinhlelo, kuholele ekulungiseni, ekuqhubekeni, noma ekuphelisweni kwenqubo. Nokho, izici zezombangazwe ngokuvamile zidlula ubufakazi obuvamile kodwa obungaphumeleli zingasinda, kuyilapho uhlelo olusebenzayo kodwa olunempikiswano lungase luncishiswe.

Ukuphuma Kwezohwebo Emthethweni Womphakathi

Ukudayisa kukhona ngenxa yokuthi imithombo yemali iswele futhi ingqubuzana nezindinganiso. Ukukhetha ngakunye kuhlanganisa amathuba abizayo--$zinzuzo ezincishiswe ekungaphishekelini enye indlela. Ukuqonda ukuthutha kwempahla kuyisici esiyinhloko sokuhlaziya.

Ukuvikelwa Kwendawo Ezungezile Ngokukhula Kwezomnotho

Kuphakama ukushuba okuvamile phakathi kwezimiso ezishukumisa umkhiqizo wezomnotho nalezo ezivikela imithombo yemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, imithetho yokungcola ingakhuphula izindleko zamabhizinisi futhi inciphise ukukhula kwesikhashana, kodwa iveza izinzuzo ezithatha isikhathi eside empilweni nasekuzinziseni kwemvelo. Inselele iwukuthi izindleko nezinzuzo zihanjiswa ngokungenakulinganiswa phakathi kwesikhathi namaqembu.

Ukuphepha Komphakathi kuyaphikisana. Inkululeko Yangaphakathi

Izilinganiso zokulwa nobugebengu noma ubuphekula njengokungathi ukuqapha, ukumisa nokuvinjelwa, noma ukuvinjelwa ngokuvinjelwa, kungathuthukisa ukulondeka kodwa ngezindleko zobumfihlo, inqubo efanele, nenkululeko yokuhamba. Izinga lokuhweba liphikiswana kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, Just Security i-metal] isakaza njalo ukuhlelwa kwezimiso zokhuseleko zesizwe kanye nemiphumela yazo ezinhlwini zomphakathi.

Ukuphumelela

Izikhulu ezihloselwe ukunciphisa ukungalingani − intela ekhuphukayo, imithetho encishisiwe yeholo, noma ukunakekelwa kwempilo yendawo yonke, zinganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho konke ngokusonta noma ukwenza izindleko zokuphatha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimiso ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle (umz., ukuhlukanisa) zingaveza ukungalingani. Abaphathi-mthetho kumelwe banqume ukulinganisela okwamukelekayo phakathi kwalezizindinganiso eziphikisanayo.

Usizo olufushane lwesikhashana vs. Ukuzinziswa kwesikhathi eside

Usizo lwenhlekelele, ukuthungatha imali, noma ukudayisa intela ngokuvamile kunikeza inzuzo esheshayo yezombangazwe kodwa kungandisa izikweletu noma kuminyanisa ukutshala izakhiwo, imfundo, noma ukumelana nesimo sezulu. Lokhu kuhweba kwesikhashana kuphawuleka ikakhulukazi ezimisweni zentando yeningi, lapho imijikelezo yezehliswanothi iveza izinzuzo zesikhathi esifushane ngokuhlela isikhathi eside.

Inkululeko Ngamunye Ihambisana Nokuhle Okuqoqiwe

Imithetho yezoli, imingcele yempilo yomphakathi nemithetho yezokwakha ibonisa ukungezwani phakathi kokuzibusa komuntu siqu nenhlalakahle ebanzi yomphakathi.

Ithonya Lamaqembu Anesithakazelo

Amaqembu anezithakazelo − aqoqelwe abantu ngabanye noma izinhlangano ezifuna ukuthinta isimiso somphakathi — ayinqubo enamandla ehlela izombangazwe. Anikeza ubuchwepheshe, aqoqe abavoti, anikele ngeminikelo yomkhankaso, kodwa futhi angakhipha nenqubo eqinile ethakazelweni elilinganiselwe lomphakathi.

  • [ Ibhizinisi nezinhlangano zezohwebo: Amaqembu anjenge-Creast of Commerce of Commerce of transmittery yezentengiselwano yemithetho evumayo yentela, ukunqanyulwa, nezivumelwano zezohwebo. Inzuzo yazo yemali ivame ukuwenza angeneke kakhulu.
  • Izinhlangano zomsebenzi:[ i-American Medical Association noma i-American Bar Association ithonya izimiso ezithinta izimboni zabo, njengokulungisa i-astem commercing nemithetho ebekelwe ityala.
  • Izinhlangano ezihlangene: njenge-AFL-CIO abameleli bamalungelo ezisebenzi, ukuhlobana kwesivikelo, nokwanda kweholo eliphansi. Ithonya lazo liye lehla emazweni amaningi kodwa lihlala libalulekile ezingxenyeni ezithile.
  • I-Public Grouptions: Amaqembu endawo ezungezile (umzk., Sierra Club), abameleli benkululeko yomphakathi (umzk., ACLU), kanye no-washi (umz., Public Citizen) imele iziphakamiso ezingase zinganakwa.
  • Izinhlangano ezizimele-eque Groups: zigxile emalungelweni okukhipha isisu, ukuba nezibhamu, noma ukufuduka zinamandla amakhulu okucindezela ezimisweni ezilinganiselwe, ngokuvamile ngeziseko ezishukunyiswa kakhulu zosizo.

Amaqembu anesithakazelo asebenzisa uhide lwamacebo: abashicileli bemithetho nezikhulu zezinhlangano, abakhankasi bezokukhangisa ngokukhangisa ngokugunyaza izikhangiso zokuphamba, ukusekela ukucwaninga nokucabanga, kanye nokuqoqa izimpande zotshani. i-opensecrets [ yomkhankaso wokuthola iminikelo yemikhondo nokuthola izindleko, ukwembula izindondondo ezinkulu ezichithwayo zokuthonya inqubo. Ibhizinisi elingaphandle lapha liphakathi kokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni uzwa ababambi beminyango abathintekile futhi uvimbele ukubanjwa yiziphathi abambalwa abaphethe kahle.

Indima Yombono Womphakathi

Umbono womphakathi usebenza kokubili njengenqobo nethuluzi labenzi bemithetho. Izikhulu eziqashelwayo zivame ukunaka imibono yabantu abakanye nazo, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni ezicatshangelwe kahle. Nokho, umbono womphakathi awusona isici esiqinile; ulolongwa yimithombo yezindaba, izicukuthwane zezombangazwe, nokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu.

Ukucabangela Umbono Womphakathi

Ukucwaninga kunikeza ithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuhlola umbono. Izinqumo ezihlelwe kahle zingaveza ukusakazeka kokukhetha kanye nokuqina komuzwa. Nokho, ukubuza amagama, amaphutha, kanye nokwehluleka komzwelo womphakathi konke kudala izinselele. Phakathi nobunzima, umbono ungashintsha ngokushesha, ngokwesibonelo, ukusekela ukungenela kukahulumeni ngokuvamile kwanda phakathi nokwehla kwemali.

Ithonya Lemithombo Yezindaba

Imithombo yezindaba, kokubili engokwesiko nengokwenhlalo, inendima ehlukene: itshela umphakathi futhi ithonywa yiyo. Inkolelo-mbono elawulayo ikholelwa ukuthi ukuxhumana kwezindaba akutshengi abantu ukuthi yini okufanele bayicabange, kodwa ukuthi yini okufanele bayicabange. Enkathini yezokuxhumana, amagumbi okunanela namazwi okungamanga kungaphazamisa ukuqonda komphakathi ukuthengwa kwemithetho. Ngokwesibonelo, izimpikiswano ngokuncishiswa kwentela zivame ukufihla ukuhwebelana nokuswela kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ukuhamba Kwezenhlalo Nokuzitika Ngeziqu Zamehlo Kubangela Ukucindezela

Izinhlangano ezifana nenhlangano yamalungelo omphakathi, ukwenza imisebenzi engokomhlaba, neTaa Party ziye zashintsha ngokuphumelelayo indlela yokuzilungiselela ukusekela komphakathi. Uma zisekelwa ngokwanele, umfutho wotshani unganqoba izithakazelo ezigxilile. Brookings Institution[[[FLT: 1] iye yanyathelisa ukucwaninga okunzulu ngendlela izinhlangano zezenhlalo eziguqula ngayo inqubo, kubonakalisa impumelelo nokulinganiselwa.

Umbono womphakathi awuvamile ukunquma ngokuqondile ukuthi ihlelwe kanjani. Kunalokho, ubeka imingcele phakathi kwabenzi bezimiso. Isazi sezombangazwe esingazinaki izinkolelo zomphakathi sibheka izingozi zokunqotshwa okungakhethwa, kodwa ezindabeni eziphansi, bangase bajabulele ukuqapha okukhulu.

Imisebenzi Yezenkampane: Indlela Uhulumeni Owenziwe Ngayo Ubumba Ibhizinisi

Izinhlangano zezombangazwe zezwe ngalinye zibeka imithetho yazo ehlukile, zenza ezinye izigebengu zivele zidlule ezinye. E-United States, ukwahlukana kwemibuso kudala amaphuzu amaningi aveza ukushintsha kwenqubo okuthatha ijubane kodwa futhi kukhuthaza ukuyekethisa. I-Federalism isakaza igunya lezimiso phakathi kohulumeni besizwe nabezizwe, ibangela ukwehluka kwemithetho emiphumeleni ehlanganisa amazwe.

Izinqubo zePhalamende, ngokuphambene, zigxilisa amandla kumphathi ophethe futhi zenza ushintsho olusheshayo lwenqubo, kodwa futhi zifaka engozini ukubusa kobushiqela ngaphandle kokuhlola okuqinile. Ukunqanda ukunquma nokucabanga kuyisinqumo esiyisisekelo senhlangano. Ngokufanayo, isimo sejaji eliqanjiwe ````izinkantolo zingashaya umthetho'''.]

Izimiso ze-Electoral zinendaba futhi. Ukumelelwa kwemifelandawonye kuvame ukuveza imifelandawonye efuna ukuthengiselana futhi ekwazi ukuveza kangcono imibono ehlukene, kodwa ingaholela kohulumeni abahlukene noma abangazinzi. Izimiso zezinhlu zokuqala zikhuthaza ukuncintisana okunezingxenye ezimbili nokulandisa okucacile, kodwa ingashiya imibono embalwa ingavezwanga. Ukuqonda lezizici eziyisisekelo kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani ukukhetha okufanayo kwemibono kungaveza izimiso ezihlukene kakhulu emazweni ahlukene.

Ithonya Lembulunga Yonke Nelezizwe Zonke

Izivumelwano zezohwebo, izinhlangano zezizwe nezinhlangano zembulunga yonke ziphoqelela ohulumeni bezwe ukuba bakhethe. Ngokwesibonelo, imithetho ye - World Trade Organization ilinganisela ukusetshenziswa kwemithetho yezezimali nezimali; izivumelwano zesimo sezulu zidinga ukuncishiswa kwegesi; futhi izivumelwano zamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke zimisa izindinganiso zomthetho wezwe.

Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke ngokwako kudala ukudayiswa: izimakethe zokuvula zingandisa ukukhula kwezomnotho kodwa futhi zikhulise ukungalingani nokuchayeka ezinkingeni zezimali. Abenzi bemithetho kumelwe banqume ukuthi kungakanani ukubusa okumelwe kuthathwe ukuze kutholwe ukubambisana kwezizwe ngezizwe. Ukusabela kobhadane lwe-COVID-19 kwabonisa kokubili isidingo sokuhlelwa kwembulunga yonke kwezenhlanganiselo zemijovo − embulungeni yonke − ekwandiswayo kanye nokusakazwa kwempi yokuzisiza kwezwe lonke.

Ukuhlola Icala Ezokuhweba Ngezimiso

Ukuhlolwa Kwendaba 1: UMthetho Wokunakekela Ongafinyeleleki (ACA)

Idlulile ngo-2010, i-ACA ehlose ukwandisa umshuwalense wempilo, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokuthuthukisa izinga. Yasungula izimakethe, izimali, ukugunyaza, nokwanda kwabantu ngabanye. Impi yezombangazwe yayinonya, ibonakalisa ukuhlukana okukhulu kwemibono. Izama ukuhweba kwakusobala: izigidi zathola intengo, kodwa izikhundla zamaqembu athile zanyuka, futhi izigunyazo zabekwa umthwalo onzima. Abaphikisi bawuphikisa ngokuthi wandisa uhulumeni onqobile; abasekeli bawubona njengenyathelo elithatha isikhathi eside ekufezekeni kwemibono yonke indawo. Umthetho wasinda emizamweni eminingi futhi uhlala uyingxenye yezentengo yezomthetho yezempilo. Ukuhlola [[FLD:] umndeni [FLD] [F:]

Ukuhlolwa Kwezimo 2: Impi Yokulwa Nezidakamizwa

Iqaliswe ngawo 1970 futhi yakhula ngawo-1980, iMpi yokugcinwa kwemithetho yezidakamizwa yabekwa phambili futhi yathatha izinyathelo zokunqanda ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Ukuhweba phakathi kokuphepha komphakathi nobulungisa bezenhlalo kwaba kubi kakhulu. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwancipha ngezikhathi ezithile, isimiso saholela ekuboshweni kwabantu abaningi, ngokungenakuqhathaniswa sithinta imiphakathi emincane, futhi iphambukisa imithombo yemali encitshitshisiwe ekunyazweni nasekuvinjelweni. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuthi ihluleka ukunciphisa ukulutheka nokusungula isakhiwo esikhulu sejele esiyinkimbinkimbi. Izinguquko zamuva kakhulu njengokusetshenziswa kwensangu esemthethweni kwezezombangazwe, ukushintshwa kwezentengiselwano zezezomthetho, ukulinganisela kwezezomthetho womthetho womthetho. [[FLT: 0] Inhlangano yezentengiselwano [FFFF:] inyathelise izindleko eziningi zezentengiselwano yezidakamizwa.

Ukuhlolwa Kwe - 3: I - carbon Pricing Nomthetho Wesimo Sezulu

Ukushintsha kwezimo zezulu abakhi bezimiso zokuvikela indawo ezungezile ukuze balinganisele ukukhushulwa kwezomnotho, izindleko zesikhashana ekuqhubekeni kwesikhathi eside, nokuncintisana kwesizwe nokubambisana kwembulunga yonke. Ikharbon prigate : ngokukhokha izintela noma ngecape-trade(ithuluzi elisekelwe emakethe eliguqula izindleko zokukhishwa kwegesi. Nokho, idala ukudayisa intengiselwano: imiphumela engcono emikhayeni engenisa imali ephansi, ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi ezimbonini zekharbon, nokuntengantenga kwezombangazwe emiphakathini ethintekile. Izizwe ezinjenge Canada neSweden ziye zasebenzisa intengo yekharbon kuyilapho zisebenzisa inzuzo ekhona, zibonisa ukuthi ukudayisa intengo eholweni ingancishiswa ngokuklanywa kodwa ingaqedwa.

Isiphetho

Ezombangazwe nenkambiso yomphakathi azinakuhlangana. Inqubo ngayinye ivela ezingxoxweni zezombangazwe, ezibonisa izindinganiso zemibono, futhi ihlanganisa ukuhweba okulawula ukusakazwa kwezindleko nezinzuzo emphakathini. Kubafundisi nabafundi, umsebenzi awukona ukuthatha ngekhanda imininingwane kodwa ukuthuthukisa amakhono esimiso sokuthuthukisa ukumiswa kwezimiso ezithile, onqobayo nolahlekelwayo, nokuthi imibandela yenhlangano neyomhlaba inqandwa kanjani noma ukuvumela ushintsho. Ngokufunda izibonelo zangempela zezwe kanye nokuhlanganyela nabangaphansi kwethonya eliphansi, izakhamuzi zingaba abahlanganyeli abanolwazi kakhulu enqubweni yentando yeningi yentando yeningi kodwa zingaba abakwazi ukusekela izinzuzo zazo kuyilapho ziqaphela ukuthi akukho nqubo ekwaziyo ukwanelisa zonke izithakazelo. Ukuziwa kwezombangazwe nenkambiso yomphakathi kungenza kanjani ushintsho.