Uhlelo lwe-Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) lungomunye wemithombo evumelana kakhulu nenethonya kakhulu kahulumeni etholakala kohulumeni bendawo. Igunya likaMnyango weNguqulo neNguquko ye-U.S. ligunyazwe yi-D. CDBG inikeza imiphakathi iziqondiso zomehluko omkhulu wezidingo mayelana nokwakha izakhiwo kanye nezindlu ezithengwayo zokusekela ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho nemisebenzi yomphakathi. Nakuba uhulumeni unikeza izakhiwo zezimali zezimali, izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezisebenza njengesibopho esiyinhloko phakathi kwesimiso sezwe nezenzo zendawo. Lezi zinhlangano zikahulumeni ziqondisa ukuhanjiswa kwezimali, ukuqondisa iprojectal, ukugunyaza, ukugunyaza, nokunikeza ukusekela kwezobuchwepheshe okuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke i-CDBGRRG izinhlangano zesifundazwe zisetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo. Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwemisebenzi yeminyango yombuso, isimiso sohlelo luyosiza ekufinyeleleni ezizweni ezidinga kakhulu.

Indima Yeminyango KaHulumeni Kuhlelo LweCDBG

Iminyango yoMbuso isebenza njengemimemezelo phakathi kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni nohulumeni bendawo, ihumushela izinhloso zikahulumeni ezibanzi emsebenzini, ezakhiweni eziqondene nomphakathi. Lendima ingukuqondisa nokuqondisa. Izinhlangano zoMbuso zengamela zonke izinkonzo zokusebenza . Ukusuka ekuthatheni imishini ukuya ekuvaleni okusokugcina, /kanye futhi kulololonga indlela izinto ezibekwa phambili zikahulumeni ezivumelani nezindawo zendawo ezihlukahlukene. Emiphakathini engekho-mini engaphansi kuka-50 000 (labo abanabantu abangaphansi kuka-CDBG abathola inkxaso eqondile evela ku-Hud), la mazwe angabaphathi abayinhloko bayo yonke imithombo yeCDBG. Lezindawo zimelela ukuthi isikhungo seminyango yentuthuko yomphakathi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nasedolobhethe naseMelika.

Kule mithwalo yemfanelo kuvela isidingo sezimiso eziqinile nezisebenzi ezinekhono. Iminyango yoMbuso kumelwe isebenzise imithetho eyinkimbinkimbi, igcine izinqubo ezibonisayo, futhi ilinganisele izidingo eziphikisanayo ezisezindaweni eziningi. Ibuye isekele ohulumeni bendawo, ibasiza ukuba basebenzise izimfuneko zikahulumeni futhi bathole imithombo eyengeziwe ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezintsha.

Ukusebenzisa Imali Yokuthutha Nokuphatha

Umsebenzi oyinhloko weminyango kahulumeni ukuhlela izimali ezisekelwe ku CDBG ngendlela endisa imiphumela lapho unamathela eziqondisweni zikahulumeni. Ukuthatha indawo akuyona i-alverator edlula nje ngo-R2; kudinga ukuhlaziywa kokucophelela kwezidingo zomphakathi, ukuzalana kwenani, nezimpawu zezomnotho. Amazwe asebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinqubo zokuncintisana ezinikezayo, ukusakaza okusekelwe kusicaba, kanye nokuhlela amakheli okuza kuqala. Ngokuthi kungokokulungisa izindlu, intuthuko yezakhiwo, noma ukuvuselela izimali, ukuze enze okungcono kakhulu.

Inqubo yokwabiwa kwezakhiwo iqala ngenqubo ethuthukisiwe uhulumeni, ehlela imigomo emide yesikhathi eside futhi ephawula izidingo eziza kuqala ezisekelwe ekutholweni komphakathi nasekuhlaziyweni kokwaziswa. Leli cebo linikezwa i-HID njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu futhi lisebenza njengepulani yezinqumo zokuxhasa imali. Kulesi sici, kukhishwa izimemezelo zemali zaminyaka yonke ze- Funding Awailbility (NHOV), imema ohulumeni bendawo nezinhlangano ezingaphumeleli ukunikeza izicelo. Ikomiti yokubukeza ihlola ihlola izinhlelo ezisekelwe ezisekelwe ezindinganisweni ezifana nokuzinza, ukuzuza, ukuhleleka kwemigomo yombuso, kanye nekhono lokuphatha umsebenzi ngokuphumelelayo.

Uma izimali sezikhokhwe, iminyango kahulumeni ilawula izici zezimali zemali, kuhlanganise nokudilizwa kwemali, ukuhlelwa kwemali, nokubikwa. Iqinisekisa ukuthi izimali zisetshenziselwa imisebenzi efanelekayo kuphela . Njengezindlu, izakhiwo zomphakathi, noma intuthuko yezomnotho, (ukuthi ihlangabezane nomgomo oyinhloko wohlelo wokuzuzisa abantu abaphansi nabathola imali ngokusesilinganisweni. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlelwa okuqhubekayo kwezindleko, ukudonsa okufike ngesikhathi emalini yemali kahulumeni, nokubuyisana nemali emisha. Ukuphatha imali ngokuphumelelayo kunciphisa izingozi zokuthola izinto ezifinyelweyo nokusiza imiphakathi ukuba ilondoloze ukuma okuhle kwenkokhelo yesikhathi esizayo.

Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo CDBG lufuna ukuba okungenani amaphesenti angama-70 emali asetshenziselwa imisebenzi ezuzisa abantu abaphansi nabathola imali elinganiselwe. Iminyango yoMbuso igcizelela lemfuneko ngokuqinisekisa inzuzo yemali etholwayo nokulawula umsebenzi wokusebenza ngaphambi kokugunyaza izindleko. Ilawula futhi inzuzo yohlelo ekhiqizwa yimisebenzi ekhuliswe yiCDBG-function ehlayo.

Usizo Lobuchwepheshe Nokwakha Izakhiwo Ezinamandla

Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo, ikakhulukazi labo abasezindaweni ezincane nasemaphandleni, abanabo ochwepheshe bokuklama izicelo eziqinile zeCDBG, bavumelana nezimfuneko zikahulumeni, noma bafeze imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi. Iminyango yoMbuso ivala leligebe ngokunikeza izinkonzo zobuchwepheshe eziningi. Lezi zinkonzo aziyona nje imfuneko yokulawula kuphela kodwa futhi ithuluzi elisebenzayo lokuqinisa izinga lemisebenzi yokuthuthukisa umphakathi kulo lonke izwe.

Usizo lwezobuchwepheshe lungathatha amafomu amaningi. Izisebenzi zikahulumeni zinikeza isiqondiso esisodwa esisiso sokubhala, zisiza abafaka isicelo ukuba bahlele imisebenzi yabo ngokuvumelana nezinhlelo eziza kuqala nemisebenzi yobuzwe. Baqhuba amashabhu nemishini yezobuchwepheshe ngezihloko ezinjengokuhlola indawo ezungezile, izimfuneko zokuhlala ezilungile, izimfuneko zokuphatha ezifanayo (CFR Part 200), kanye nezindinganiso zokuthola imali. Izifunda eziningi zinikeza futhi ukuqeqeshwa kwezindlela zokuphatha imali, kuhlanganise nendlela yokuhlela izimiso ezifanele zokulinganisela, izindleko zomsebenzi wokusebenza, nokulungisa imibiko edingekayo.

Ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa, iminyango kahulumeni isiza ekwakheni amandla ezinhlangano zendawo. Ingasiza ekuthuthukiseni izimiso zokuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi, ukwakha amapulani okuqondisa umsebenzi, noma ukumisa izinqubo zokuhlola eziphumelelayo. Kwezinye izifundazwe, izisebenzi ezinolwazi zinikeza ukusekela kobuchwepheshe phakathi nokumiswa kweprojekthi, zisiza ekunikezeni izimpikiswano zezinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe yizinkinga. Lendlela esebenzayo inciphisa inani lezenzo zokulungisa ezidingekayo futhi iqinisekise ukuthi izakhiwo zihlala zisesimisweni esimisiwe nasesimweni esimisiwe.

Isakhiwo esiphambili sihlanganisa futhi izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe zokufunda ontanga, lapho izikhulu zendawo ezivela emiphakathini ehlukene zihlanganyela izifundo ezifundweyo nemikhuba emihle kakhulu. Iminyango yoMbuso ingasiza kule misebenzi, izinhlangano eziminyene zemihlangano, nokuhlanganisa izikhankaso eziqokomisa imisebenzi ephumelelayo. Ngokufaka imali ekhonweni nasolwazini lwezisebenzi zendawo, izinhlangano zikahulumeni zidala i-athoter engaphezulu kakhulu kwenkokhelo yomuntu ngamunye, zithuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo yonke imisebenzi yokuthuthukisa umphakathi phakathi kwesikhathi eside.

Ukusekela Intuthuko Yomphakathi

Iminyango yoMbuso yenza okungaphezu kokuphatha izimali futhi inikeze ukuqeqesha, iqhubela phambili ukuthuthuka komphakathi ngokukhuthaza ukubambisana, ukukhuthaza, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi iletha imiphumela engcono. Ukusekela kwayo kuhlanganisa zonke izinto ezitholakalayo, kusukela ekwakheni izimiso ezintsha zamanzi nokuthuthukisa imigqa yendle kuya ekuvuseleleni izifunda zezentengiselwano futhi kwakha amathuba ezindawo ezingcono.

Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zifeza indima eyinhloko ekuhleleni ukutshala i-CDBG nezinye izinhlelo zikahulumeni. Ngokuhlanganisa nezinhlangano eziqondisa ukuthutha, ukuvikela indawo ezungezile, izimali zezindlu, kanye nentuthuko yezomnotho, i-CDBG isiza imiphakathi ukuba ixhase imithombo yezimali eminingi yemisebenzi eminingi ehlangeneyo. Lendlela yokusebenza ngokusemthethweni igwema ukuhlanganiswa kwemizamo futhi ikhuthaza ithonya lamali yonke yomphakathi.

Ubudlelwane Nokubambisana

Intuthuko ephumelelayo emphakathini ayivamile ukuzenzekela ngokuzihlukanisa. Iminyango yoMbuso ihlakulela ngentshiseko ukubambisana nezinhlangano ezingazuzisi, abaxhasi abanezikhungo, nezinye izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuze zilethe imithombo eyengeziwe nobuchwepheshe emisebenzini yendawo. Lokhu kubambisana kubalulekile ekuxazululeni izinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingenakuxazululwa ngokutshala izimali komphakathi kuphela.

Esinye isici esivamile sobuhlobo ukwakhiwa kwezindawo eziphethe i-Local Developments noma imikhandlu yokuhlela yesifunda esebenza njengemikhandlu ephakathi kwezikhungo zikahulumeni nohulumeni bendawo. Lezinhlangano zinikeza usizo lobuchwepheshe, ukuphatha umsebenzi, nokunikeza izinkonzo zokuqondisa, ikakhulukazi emazweni lapho uhlelo lweCDBG luhlelwa kahle khona. Zisiza futhi imiphakathi emincane engenazisebenzi ukuba inikeze iminikelo ngokuqondile, ivumela ukuba izuze ngemali esekelwe kuCDBG ngaphandle kokunqotshwa imithwalo yempathiyelo yokuphatha.

Iminyango kahulumeni isebenza nabakhi bezindlu abangakhi abangenzanga inzuzo ukuze bandise amasheya ezindlu ezithengwayo. Nge-CHDO (Communy House Development Organization) ehlela ama-aspect nezinye izinhlangano, i-odocter iqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye yezimali zeCDBG isekela imizamo yezindlu ezisekelwe emphakathini. Lemiphakathi ifaka ulwazi lwendawo nokuvumelana nezimo, okuphumela ekutholeni izindlu ezidinga izindleko ezingcono kakhulu kunokwehla kwezindawo eziphansi.

Izinhlangano zamaqembu ezizimele ziletha ukusungulwa nokuphumelela. Ngokwesibonelo, iminyango kahulumeni ingabambisana namagumbi endawo ezohwebo, izinhlangano zentuthuko yezomnotho, noma imishini yokuxhasa intuthuko yezemisebenzi esekela ukukhula kwebhizinisi. Kwezinye izimo, izimali ze CDBG zihlanganiswa nokutshala imali ngasese embonini yezimali ezibolekisayo, idala umthombo oqinile wentuthuko yezebhizinisi elincane nokwakhiwa komsebenzi.

Uhlelo lwezwe lweCDBG ekhasini le-HUDTL linikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe kulamacebo abambisanayo nendlela imibuso engandisa ngayo imithombo yemali ngokubambisana.

Ukuhlolwa Nokuphishekelwa

Ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala, ukulandisa, nokuvumelana nemithetho kahulumeni kuyitshe eliyinsika yemithwalo yemfanelo yomnyango kahulumeni. Ngaphandle kokuqondisa okunzima, izimali zeCDBG zisengozini yokusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezingahlangani nezinjongo zesimiso noma eziphula imithetho kahulumeni. Iminyango yoMbuso iqhuba ukuqashelwa okuqhubekayo kwabasekeli bayo abangaphansi kanye nabanikezi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimali zisetshenziselwa imisebenzi efanelekile kuphela, ukuthi ukubukezwa kwendawo ezungezile sekuqediwe, ukuthi izindinganiso zezisebenzi ziyalandelwa, futhi lokho okudingeka kufakazelwe kunembile futhi kufike ngesikhathi.

Ukuhlola amafomu amaningana. Amazwe aqhuba imibiko yezezimali nemisebenzi enikezwa yilabo abanikeziwe, efuna ukuphikisana noma amafulegi abomvu. Aphinde enze ukuhambela kokuhlola, okungase kwenzeke minyaka yonke noma ezingqondweni ezibucayi embonini yesakhiwo sokuziphilisa. Lokhu kunikeza ithuba lokuhlola imisebenzi edluliswayo, ukuhlangana nezisebenzi, ukubukeza ulawulo lwangaphakathi, nokunikeza isiqondiso. Ukuthola ekuhloleni izimpawu kuyafakazelwa, futhi kugunyaziwe ukuba kwenziwe izivumelwano zokulungisa lapho kudingekile. Iminyango yoMbuso ilandelela lemisebenzi ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi iyasebenza futhi inganikeza izijeziso ngokugodlana ngezimali noma ngokuvala izimali ezinikeza izicelo.

Imikhankaso ingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zesimiso sokusebenza. I-United States kumelwe ihlele ukubheka kwaminyaka yonke uhlelo lwayo lwe-CDBG ngokuvumelana noMthetho we-Olini APPRISTIC (Ingxenye 200, i-Subtrart F). Lamanani ahlola izitatimende zemali kanye nokulawula kwangaphakathi, futhi noma ikuphi okutholakele kumelwe kubhekiswe kulokhu. Iminyango yoMbuso futhi iqoqa futhi ithumele imibiko yezemali ku-HUD, ekugcineni iqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni kazwelonke ungalandelela ithonya le-CDBG ezingeni lesizwe.

Ukusekela abanikezi abavumelana nezimfuneko zokulalela, iminyango kahulumeni ithuthukisa izincwadi zesiqondiso, uhlu, neziqondiso ezenza kube lula iziqondiso. Zinikeza futhi ukuqeqeshwa ngezindaba ezivelayo zokulalela, njengokushintsha kweNkokhelo ye-FLC noma izimfuneko ezintsha zokuhlala. Ngokuhlomisa labo abadinga amathuluzi nolwazi, iminyango kahulumeni ibasiza ukuba bagweme izingibe futhi balondoloze umlando oqinile wokulalela.

Imiphumela Elinganiswayo Nemiphumela

Iminyango kahulumeni igxile kakhulu ekulinganiseni nasekuboniseni imiphumela yemisebenzi e-CDBG ebekwe phambili. Nakuba uhlelo lugcizelele ngokomlando ukuthobela nokubaluleka komsebenzi, ukuphatha kwemisebenzi kwanamuhla kudinga imibuso ukuhlanganisa ukutshala imali nentuthuko engokoqobo emphakathini. Lokhu kushintshwa kuqhutshwa izimfuneko zikahulumeni ngaphansi kwe-Hulumeni Procectal and Vers Act (GPRA) nokugcizelelwa kokubika ngomphumela eHUD esekelwe ekuD.

Izindlela ezivamile zokukhiqiza zihlanganisa inani lemisebenzi eyakhiwa noma egcinwe, inani lemikhaya esizwe ngezindlu ezithengwayo, izinyawo zamanzi noma i-parter meter ezakhiwe, nenani lezindawo zomphakathi ezakhiwe noma zathuthukiswa. Nokho, isilinganiso semiphumela siqhubekela phambili (ngokwesibonelo, ukulinganisela ukuncishiswa kwezindleko zezindlu emikhayeni engenisa imali ephansi, intuthuko ekuthuthukiseni izinga lamanziwa amanzi ngemva kokukhuphuka kwezakhiwo, noma ukwanda kwenkokhelo yentela yendawo ebangelwa ukuthuthuka kwezebhizinisi.

Iminyango yoMbuso isiza abanikeze izisulu ezingokoqobo, iqoqe ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa, futhi ikhiphe umbiko ngokuhleleka okungaguquguquki. Ibuye ihlanganise ukwaziswa emikhankasweni eminingi ukuze ilandise indaba kazwelonke ngemiphumela yezezimali zeCDBG. Lo kwaziswa kusetshenziselwa ukunikeza izinqumo zezimiso, ukuthethelela izicelo zemali, nokuxhumana ngenani labafake izimali, kuhlanganise nezikhulu ezikhethiwe nomphakathi.

Izifunda eziningi ziye zaveza imibiko eqokomisa ukuphumelela kwe CDBG. Lamathuluzi andisa ukubonakala ngokukhululekile futhi abonise ukulandisa, kuyilapho enikeza indawo yesikhulumi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane ngezindaba zempumelelo. Ngokwesibonelo, uhulumeni ungashicilela umbiko waminyaka yonke obonisa izikebhe zedolobha elincane elisebenzisa izimali ezithathela indawo isimiso samanzi esingaphumeleli, ukuthuthukisa impilo yomphakathi nokukhanga ibhizinisi elisha. Le mibiko inamandla kakhulu ekusekeleni umsebenzi wesifundazwe.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngesilinganiso somsebenzi ku-CDBG, i-HID CDBG Isilinganiso sekhasi lokusebenza [ inikeza isiqondiso nemithombo kanye neziphiwo.

Izinselele Namathuba Okuphatha Kombuso

Naphezu kwendima enzima efezwa iminyango kahulumeni, babhekene nezinselele ezinkulu. Ukulinganiselwa kwezisebenzi nemali kuvame ukunqanda izinga losizo lwezobuchwepheshe nokuhlola okunganikezwa, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinezindawo ezinkulu zezwe nezindawo eziningi ezincane. Ubunzima bemithetho kahulumeni bungaba umthwalo futhi, kudinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kwezisebenzi zikahulumeni kanye nabanikezi ngokufanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo sokusabela ezimpikiswaneni ezivelayo mayelana nezinhlekelele ezingokwemvelo, ukuwohloka kwezomnotho, noma izinkinga zempilo yomphakathi.

Enye inselele ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela imali elinganayo yeCDBG emiphakathini ehlukene. Iminyango yoMbuso kumelwe iqaphe ekufinyeleleni amanani angaphansi kwenani labantu, kuhlanganise nezindawo zasemaphandleni, imiphakathi yezizwe, kanye nezindawo ezinemiphakathi ephakeme yobumpofu noma imiphakathi emincane. Lokhu kudinga ukungenela ngenhloso, ukubambisana nezinhlangano ezisekelwe emphakathini, kanye nezinqubo eziguquguqukayo zokwenza ezinciphisa imigoqo kuhulumeni bendawo abancane nabangaphansi kwemithombo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunamathuba abalulekile eminyango kahulumeni okuthuthukisa ithonya layo. Izinhlelo zetechnology, njengezimiso zokuphatha ezisekelwe emafwini kanye namathuluzi okwaziswa okulawula, kungathuthukisa ukuqondisa, ukubonakala, nokukhulula isikhathi sezisebenzi ukuze zenze imisebenzi engcono. Ukugcizelelwa okwandayo kokuzinzisa nokuzinzisa isimo sezulu kuvula futhi amasu amasha ama-CDBG akhiwe ngamafu, njengezakhiwo eziluhlaza, izindlu ezithengwa amandla, kanye nezindawo zokulawula inhlekelele. Iminyango yoMbuso ingahola indlela ekuhlanganiseni lezizinto eziza kuqala emalungiselelweni azo ahlanganiswe kanye nakuhlelwa kokukhetha iprojekthi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthambekela kwesimiso esisekelwe kubufakazi kuveza amathuba okutshala izifundazwe ekuhloleni kanzima futhi zihlanganyele inqubo engcono kakhulu ngokwesizwe. Ngokuhlanganyela ezinhlanganweni zontanga nasekusizeni kwezinhlelo zezobuchwepheshe zikahulumeni, iminyango kahulumeni ingakhela impumelelo komunye nomunye futhi igweme amaphutha aphindaphindwayo. Inhlangano yeNational Association of Coualies (NACO) inikeza imithombo ye-CDBG yezwe [[ eqokomisa imikhuba ephumelelayo nokuthambekela kokuvela.

Isiphetho

Iminyango yoMbuso ingoma abaklami bempumelelo yohlelo lwe-Community Development Block Grant endaweni yakhona. Bahumusha uhlelo lukahulumeni lwabasebenzi besenzo esisebenzayo, beqinisekisa ukuthi izimali zisetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha nangokomthetho, futhi banikeza imiphakathi edinga ukunikeza ikusasa elingcono. Ngokuqondisa ukunikezwa izigidi zamaRandi ngokuncintisana ezinikeza iziphakamiso zokuqeqesha onobhala bedolobhana bezinqubo zokuhlola indawo ezungezile, iminyango kahulumeni ithinta zonke izici zenqubo yeCDBG. Umsebenzi wabo ngokuvamile awubonakali emphakathini, kodwa ithonya lawo libonakala emigqeni yamanzi amasha, amanani athengwayo, nasemabhizinisi amancane achumayo aphuma ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko yomphakathi.

Njengoba izidingo zemiphakathi zishintsha futhi imithombo yengcebo kahulumeni ibhekene nokucindezela okuqhubekayo, indima yeminyango kahulumeni iyomane ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuqhubeka nokutshala imali ekwakheni uhulumeni (ngokwanele) ngokusebenza, ukuqeqeshwa, nobuchwepheshe (ukuzodingeka ukuze kulondolozwe ubuqotho nokuphumelela kohlelo lweCDBG. Kubaphathi bendawo nabaholi bomphakathi, ukuqonda nokusekela umsebenzi weminyango kahulumeni kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvuleni amandla agcwele alokhu kutshala kwezwe okuguqula.