Isingeniso

Imikhankaso yezombangazwe isebenza endaweni ephakeme lapho ukuhlangana ngakunye nomvoti kungaletha khona ukulinganisela. Phakathi kwamathuluzi akhona kuchwepheshe, bambalwa ababangela impikiswano enkulu njengaleyo yokuhlola okuphoqelelwayo. Nakuba ukucwaninga okuvamile kuhloselwe ukulinganisela lapho abavoti bema khona, kusunduza ukuhlolwa ukuze kushukunyiselwe ukushukumisa. Izindaba zokuhlukanisa, ngoba umkhankaso ulinganisela ukuthi ukuphumelela kwendlela yokuhlola ephoqelelwe inqubekela phambili noma igebelo eliyindayo. Ukuqonda amapulani, ama-mili, nezinselele ezihilelekile ekuhloleni ukuphoqelela ukuphumelela kokwenza isinqumo somkhankaso wanamuhla kanye nemingcele engoko yokuvota.

Ukuhlola okushaqisayo kugcwele indawo empucukweni phakathi kokucwaninga nokusebenzisa i-odoccola. Ayiklanyelwe ukuveza ukwaziswa okungacaci mayelana nomzwelo wovoti. Kunalokho, isebenza njengethuluzi lokusakaza ukwaziswa okulimazayo, ukuqinisa ukucwasana okukhona, noma ukuhlola ukuphindaphindeka kokuhlasela okuthile. Imikhankano ifaka imithombo ephawulekayo ekusebenziseni lezi zingcingo, kodwa ngaphandle kokulinganisa okuqinile, angakwazi ukwazi ukuthi imizamo enyakaziswayo noma nje ibangela umsindo. Lesihloko sihlola indlela imikhankani ehlola ngayo ukubuya kwalelo, imishini ethile eqondile ebhekene, kanye nezithiyo zezindlela ezibhekene nazo lapho zizama ukuhlukanisa umphumela owodwa wokuhlola kwemithombo yezokukhangisa ebanzi nendawo ezungezile.

Ziyini Izintuthwane Zokusunduza Nendlela Ezihluke Ngayo Ekuhloleni Okungokomthetho?

Ukuze kulinganiswe ukuphumelela kwenhlolo - vo ephoqelelwayo, umuntu kumelwe aqale achaze ukuthi yini efanelekile njengenhlolo-mkhakha yokucindezela. Leligama libhekisela kumbhalo owenziwe ngokuthengisa ngetekthane noma onamakhasethi owenziwe ukuhlolwa okungokomthetho kodwa empeleni uklanyelwe ukushintsha umbono we-empexhed, ngokunikeza ukwaziswa okungakhi ngomphikisi. Ukuhlola okuvamile kungabuza: "Ungakusekela kakhulu noma ngokungethukela ukusekela uCandidate Smith uma wazi ukuthi ukhonjiwe ngenxa yokufuna intela ngo-20181818?" Umbuzo u-Embethle uveza ukukhomba, kanye nezinqubo eziphendulayo ngisho noma bephendula "kade bengena.""

Ukuhlola okusemthethweni, ngokwehlukile, kusebenzisa amagama angathathi-mfashini nokukhetha kokusabela okulinganiselwe. Ifuna ukulinganisela umbono okhona ngaphandle kokuwungcolisa. INhlangano ye-American Association for Public Opinion Research (APOR) ihlukanisa ukusunduza ukuhlola okugunyaziwe ekucwaningeni okungokomthetho ngokuphawula ukusunduza ukuphenya "akuklanyelwe ukuqoqa ukwaziswa kodwa kunalokho ukusakaza inkulumo - ze ngokuzenzakalela ukucwaninga. Imikhankankani esebenzisa ukuphenya okuvamile ibhebhekile kuvela ezindaweni eziphuma kuzo, abacwaningi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abavoti. Naphezu kwalokho, ukuphoqa izicelo ziyaqhubeka ngenxa yokuthi zingakwazi ukuphumelela emijahweni ephansi ye-Reuntainsty noma phakathi nezinsuku zokugcina lapho ukhetho lukhona uma lukhona.

Izimo ezingokomthetho zokuhlola okuphoqelelwe ziyahluka-hluka ngokwemithetho. Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga ukudalulwa kobani okhokhela ucingo, kuyilapho ezinye ziye zazama ukuvimbela ukuphoqelela ukuvoca ngokuqondile ngenxa yezizathu zemikhuba yokukhohlisa. Imikhankaso esebenza ezifundeni eziningi kumelwe isebenzise lezimiso ngokucophelela, futhi ukulinganisela kokuphumelela ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwengozi kokungavunyelwa ngokomthetho noma ukuwa komphakathi. Ukuhlola okuphoqelela ukuvota okunyakazisa umzwelo ngamaqoqo amabili kodwa okuveza izindaba eziphambili zezindlela ezingcolile kungaveza ikhatha lomkhankaso owenzile.

Indima Ephawulekayo Yezinhlaka Zokubhucunga Eziminyangweni Zanamuhla

Imikhankaso ayiqhubeki phambili ngokuphoqelela. Isinqumo sokusebenzisa lelicebo silandela i-calculus ekwaziyo ukuzuza ngokumelene nokwehluleka. Ukuhlola kokucindezela kuvame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa emijahweni lapho inani elincane labavoti abangahlolwanga lingathola umphumela. Futhi lisetshenziswa nakukhetho oluyinhloko ukuhlola imiyalezo enzima kakhulu ekukhangiseni obala. I-sutecriti isekelwe emibonweni emithathu: ukuthi ucingo lungafinyelela kubavoti abangasebenzisi izikhangiso zomkhankaso, ukuthi ukwaziswa okunikeziwe kuyonamathela ngisho noma ukwenqaba, futhi kunzima ukulandelela emuva emuva ekukhankanyeni komkhankaso.

Ukulinganisela ukuphumelela kulokhu kuhlola kudinga okungaphezu nje kokuthwebula amavoti. Imikhankaso kumelwe ihlole ukuthi ukuphoqelela impoqo kufinyelele injongo yakho yokuxhumana. Ingabe ucingo lwaphumelela ekutshaleni ukungabaza okuthile ngalowo omelene naye? Ingabe yayiguqula ingxoxo engxoxweni ethile? Ingabe yacindezela ukuphenywa phakathi kwesisekelo somphikisi? Lena imibuzo okungaphendulwa ngokuqondile, ngakho imikhankaso isebenzisa inhlanganisela yezivivinyo zangaphambi nangemva kokuphola, ukulawula amaqembu, futhi ilandele izingxoxo ukuze ithole umphumela.

Ukusakaza Izinhlansi Njengokukhangisa Okuphambene Ngocingo

Kukhona ukuhlobana okukhulu phakathi kwezinhlelo eziphoqelelwe nezikhangiso zethelevishini ezingathandeki. Kokubili kuzama ukwakha inhlangano engokomzwelo noma engokwengqondo eyenza umphikisi angathandeki. Umehluko uwukuthi ukuvota okusunduzayo kuyahambisana. Ukuphendula kuphoqelelwe ukuba kuqondise ukwaziswa bese kuchaza impendulo. Lendlela esebenzayo ingenza ukwaziswa kube okukhumbulekayo kunendawo yethelevishini engasebenzi. Imikhankaso ilinganisa lento ngokukhumbula imibuzo ebekwe ekuhloleni kamuva, ibuze ababuzwayo ukuthi bakhona yini "bazwe okuthile] mayelana nenkulumo ethile. Inkumbulo phakathi kwabaphenduli abadazululiwe isebenza njengendawo yokuvota esebenzayo.

Nokho, indlela yokubonisana yalokhu kuhlola okuphoqelelwe nayo iveza ingozi. Umthathisi onomuzwa ogonywe ngendlela engagunyaziwe angase ashukunyiselwe kakhulu ukusekela umjoli ohlongozekile. Lento, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-pastellass, iwumphumela obalulekile ekusebenziseni impumelelo. Ukucindezela okuphumelelayo kugwema ukubhebhethekisa ukwaziswa ngokuthi kuwumbuzo ongathathi hlangothi kunokuba kube yinselele. Inselele elinganayo iwukuthola ukushintsha komzwelo ngaphandle kokukwazi ukubuza ngokuqondile ukuthi inzwa ehoxisiwe.

Izindlela Eziyinhloko Zokulinganisa Ukuphumelela Kwezinhlansi Zokusebenza

Imikhankaso incike emaqenjini alinganayo okuhlola ukuthi ukuphoqelela kufinyelele imiphumela yakho. La manani alandelelwa eqoqweni amakhodi amaningi okwaziswa ukuze akhe i-metary nangemva kwesithombe. Izibalo ezivame kakhulu ezisetshenziswayo zihlanganisa ukuphendula, amazinga e-ofice abavoti, ukukhumbula umyalezo, nemiphumela yokuhlola. I-metric ngayinye ithatha izinga elihlukile lokusebenza, futhi imikhankaso iyazikala ndawonye kunokuthembela esithombeni esisodwa.

Ukuphendula kuyazimela

Ukuphendula kubhekisela ekushintsheni kokuthandwa noma ekufuneni amavoti abhalwe phakathi kwalabo abachayeke ekuhlolweni. Ukulinganiseni lokhu, imikhankaso yokuhlola ukhotho lwangaphambi kwento efunwa ukhokho, ukuphoqelela ukuphenya entweni engaphansi kwendawo yonke, bese uqhuba ukuhlola kwabantu abafanayo. Umehluko ekusabelweni phakathi kwamaqoqo amabili ezikhathi ubizwa ngokuqapha, ngokusheshiswa, ekuncintisweni kwenkambiso. Ukushintsha okuphawulekayo koyedwa kusuka emaqophelweni amathathu ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengempumelelo emncintiswaneni oqinile. Nokho, imikhankani kumelwe ilandise ukubuyiselwa kwabantu abakhona futhi ngokunokwenzeka ukuthi ukuphendula okuthiwa ngaphambi komgodi ngokwayo kunikezwe engxoweni.

Imikhankaso eshintshwayo yakha izingxenyana ezilawula ukuguquguquka kwenani labantu, ukuncika kwenani labantu, nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yezindaba. Ihlola futhi imiphumela yesilinganiso sesilinganiso sesilinganiso sesilinganiso sesilinganiso sesilinganiso. Uma ababuzwa bethola inguquko ende yokuhlola kubonisa ishifu enkulu kunalabo abathola inguquko emfushane, umkhankaso uthola ukuqiniseka ukuthi okuqukethwe yikho ngokwakho kulawula ushintsho. Loluhlobo lokuhlaziya ludinga isilinganiso esingaphezu kwesilinganiso sokuhlola okuyisisekelo, okunezela izindleko kodwa kuthuthukisa ukulinganisela.

Ukuhlanganyela Nokuhlanganyela

Iphesenti labavoti abaxhunyiwe abaphothula ukuhlonza yiyo ngokwayo ukuphumelela. Amazinga aphansi asikisela ukuthi umbhalo awuphumeleli ukuxoxa, okunciphisa inani labantu abachayeke esigijimini. Inkampane ilandela inani lezingcingo ezibekwe, inani labathintanayo, inani lokuqeda, nesilinganiso sobude bocingo. Ukuncipha okukhulu phakathi nombhalo kusikisela ukuthi ababuzwayo bayangabaza noma banesithukuthezi, okungase kubonise ukuthi indaba esesekugcineni noma ukuthi ukwaziswa akujwayelekile.

Ukuthembisana kulinganiswa futhi ngenani lalabo abacela ukwaziswa okwengeziwe noma abathi banikeze imibono engaphazanyisiwe ngesikhathi sokubiza. Abaqondisi besikhungo socingo bashaya indiva ngokuxhumana okuhambisana nokucubungula. Uma ingxenye enkulu yalabo ababuzwa iveza intukuthelo noma ukusola, lo mkhankaso unganquma ukushiya umbhalo noma ukuguqula umsindo wawo. Ngokuhlukile, uma ababuzwayo befuna ukulandelela imibuzo, lezozimpawu ziveza ukufinyela okunamandla. Le mimetamgane ivame ukugecwa ngesikhathi sangempela futhi ifakwe emabhodini aphenyezwe nsuku zonke.

Khumbula Umlayezo

Umyalezo uyisikhombi esishiyekayo sokuphumelela. Ihlola ukuthi umvoti ukhumbula ukumangalelwa okuphakathi noma ukuthi ucela imibuzo edluliswayo ngamahora okuhlola noma izinsuku ngemva kocingo. Inkumbulo ephakeme isikisela ukuthi ukwaziswa kwakuxhunywe enkumbulo ende, okukhulisa amathuba okuba kuthonye isinqumo sokugcina somvoti. Imikhankaso yokuhlola ikhumbula isigijimi ngokuhlola okulandelayo okubuza imibuzo evulekileyo noma eshukumisayo ngalokho asabelayo akuzwayo ngomvoti. Ukuphendula kuhlelwa kwemidalo enqunyweni eqondene neyo yokuqala yokuhlola.

Ibhentshi eligciniwe eliqinile liyahlukahluka ngenxa yokuzitika kwezentengiselwano. Endaweni egcwele imithombo yezindaba lapho abavoti behlaselwa khona ngemiyalezo encintisanayo, inkumbulo yamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-20 ibhekwa njengemihle kakhulu. Emjahweni othulile, izinga lokukhumbula amaphesenti angu-30 noma ngaphezulu lingaba elingenakususwa. Imikhankaso ihlola ukubola ngokulandela ukuhlola okulandela amahora angama-24, amahora angama-48, nesonto elilodwa. Ukubola kwe-raid kusikisela ukuthi umyalezo awunamathelanga, kuyilapho ukuqina noma ukukhumbula okukhula kusikisela ukuthi umyalezo usakazekele ngengxoxo ephakathi noma ngezindaba ezibangelwa ukuphenywa yiwo ngokwawo.

Imiphumela Elandelayo

Uvivinyo lokugcina lokuphumelela kokuhlola kuyindlela yokuhamba ebhandeni lehhashi. Imikhankaso ithumela ukuvoca ibhentshi ye-bentshi phambi kwegagasi lokuhlola elisunduzayo, bese ithumela ukuhlola ukulandelelana ngemva kokuqeda igagasi. Umehluko phakathi kokusekela okuhlongozwayo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwengxenye ehloselwe ukulinganisela ithonya lenetha. Lesilinganiso sikhulu kakhulu ngoba ezinye izici ``izibonakaliso'', izenzakalo zezindaba, ukusabela kokuphikisa, nokuthola inqubo yokuhlola imoto eyenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuthuthukisa ukulingana, i-inguquko phakathi kwendawo yonke ehlolweyo, ukuguqula ugesi engabonakali endaweni yonke.

Eminye imikhankaso iqhubekela phambili futhi isebenzise ukuhlaziya okuhambisana ne-pair noma i-remothy aspectives ukuze ifanise ukuhlolwa kwento okungahleliwe. Uma kufakwa izinhlolo ezidayisa imithombo yezindaba eminingi, imikhankaso ingaqhathanisa ukuqhubekeka kwezimakethe ezidayiswayo ezimakethe ezingafakiwe, uma izimakethe zifana nezici eziyinhloko ezifana nokuhlelwa kwamaqoqo, inzuzo, nemfundo. Le khamera ebanzi isilinganiso segolide sokulinganisa imiphumela ye-athory, kodwa idinga umkhankaso onesilinganiso esinesilinganiso esifanelekile nemithombo yemininingwane ukuze isetshenziswe ngokufanelekile.

Izindlela Ezisetshenziswa Emikhankasweni Ethinta Ukuhlolwa

Ngalé kobubanzi obuphakathi, imikhankaso isebenzisa izindlela eziningana zokuhlola ukuze ihlukanise futhi ilinganise umphumela weziphetho zokucindezela. Lezizindlela zisukela ekuqhathaniseni okulula kwangaphambi kwezangaphambili kuya ekuklameni okuyinkimbinkimbi. Indlela yokukhetha ixhomeke ekuhleleni imali, umshini wesikhathi, nokubekezelela iphutha lokulinganisela.

Ukungcoliswa Kwangaphambi Nengemva Kokudla

Indlela eqondile ihlanganisa ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa kwesisekelo somphakathi ohlolwayo, kuhlanganise nokulinganisa okuhle, ukuhlanganisa izihlongozo, nokuvota. Lomkhankaso ugcwalisa ukuthi inani labantu lizama ukuphoqelela ukuhlola esikhathini esithile esimisiwe. Ngemva kokuvala ifasitela lokugcwalisa, ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kubhekiselwa kubantu abafanayo noma isampula entsha ethathwe efulemini elilodwa. Umehluko phakathi kwamaza amabili uhlolwa, ngama - bakwa, ekuchayekeni kokucindezela ukuvota. Lendlela isengozini yemiphumela yomlando nemiphumela yokuvusemgangathweni, kodwa isetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba icacile futhi ingabulawa emkhankanyeni.

Imikhankaso yokuqhathanisa ingaphambi kwezimpawu ivame ukuhlanganisa imibuzo yokulawula ngezihloko ezingahlobene nokuhlola ukuthi ukuphoqelela kwabangela ushintsho oluvamile ekulaleleni noma isimo sengqondo. Uma imibuzo yokulawula ibonisa ushintsho lapho imibuzo ehlosiwe ibonisa ukunyakaza, ukuqiniseka ekukhiqizweni. Imiklamo yangaphambi kwezimpawu ibuye izuze ngobukhulu obukhulu, ngokufanele amashumi amane kuya ku-800 abahlolwayo ngegagagasi ngalinye, ukunikeza amandla anele okubala ama-denariyo okubona amancane.

Imiklamo Yokulawula Amaqembu

Imiklamo yeqembu elilawulayo inikeza ubufakazi obuqinile ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi abanye abavoti bakhishwe ngamabomu ekuchayekeni. Emklamweni wokulawula ohleliwe, lo mkhankaso uveza uhlu lwezinombolo zocingo futhi ngokuzenzakalelayo wabela ingxenye yalololuhlu ukwamukela ucingo lokuhlola kuyilapho abasele bengatholi ucingo noma ucingo lwe-patbo ngesihloko esingaqondani. Zombili lezi zigaba zihlolwa kamuva. Umehluko phakathi kokusabela namaqembu alawulayo uveza umphumela wokuhlola ngokucindezela kuyilapho ucisha izici ezivamile zangaphandle njengendaba noma izulu.

Ukukhipha umklamo wokulawula wangempela ohleliwe emkhankasweni ophilayo kunzima ngoba izinhlu zocingo azivamile ngempela futhi ngoba abavoti bangahlanganyela ukwaziswa ngamaqembu okwelapha nokulawula. Imiphumela encishisiwe inganciphisa imiphumela. Imikhankaso inciphisa lokhu ngokukhetha amaqembu alawulayo ezindaweni ezihlukene ngokwezwe noma ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa nokulawulwa kuthathwa ezingxenyeni zohlu ezingashaywanga. Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, ukuhlelwa kwamaqembu kubhekwa njengendlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlola umkhankaso.

Izimpawu Nesibonelo Sokuziphatha

Imikhankaso yanamuhla iyakwazi ukuthola izinhlelo ezinkulu zokwaziswa kwabavoti, kuhlanganise nomlando wesikhathi esidlule, ukubhalisa kweqembu, ukuziphatha kwabathengi, kanye nokwaziswa okubhalwe ngemishini. Lemikhankaso yenza imikhankaso yokwakha izithombe ezibikezelayo zempendulo yamavoti ukusunduza ukudayiswa kokuvota. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhankaso ungasebenzisa ukuphinde usebenzise ukuthatha i-loginstrition ukuze uqaphele inani labantu kanye nomphumela obangelwa yi-actitud diffrectory esengozini enkulu yomyalezo ohlolwayo. Uma umkhankampani ubikezela ukuthi abesifazane abamhlophe, abasemaphethe amabhandeni aneminyaka engaphezu kwengamashumi amahlanu, umkhankaso ungahlasela isigaba esisebenza ngokuqondile futhi ulinganise umphumela ongaphakathi.

Ukulingisa ukuziphatha kuvumela imikhankaso yokuthola ukuxhumana phakathi kokuthotshelwa kwenhlolo ecindezelayo namanye amaphuzu omkhankaso. Umavota othola inhlolo-voti ecindezelayo abese ebona isikhangiso sethelevishini esihlobene naso angabonisa ishifu elikhulu kunovoti abachayeke kunoma yikuphi ukushukumisa kuphela. Imikhankaso isebenzisa imikhankaso eminingi ethinta iminikelo ukuze ikhiphe umnikelo wesiteshi ngasinye. Lemikhankanyo ivame ukuxhomeke kumanani ashukumaBayeni noma kulwazi olusemshini olungaphatha ukwaziswa okuphakeme. Umphumela uyinkomba yomnikelo wokuphoqa i-mfashini ehambisana nokuthumela i-amashalo, izikhangiso ze-mishini, nezinye izindlela.

INhlangano yaseMelika ye-Public Opinion Research igcina iziqondiso ngokuphathelene nokuhlola kwezimiso zokuziphatha [ ukuthi imikhankaso kufanele ibhekisele lapho kuhlelwa amapulani okulinganisela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awagcwali nge-advocacy.

Ukuhlola Okulandelayo Ne - qualitive Foodback

Ama-Quantitentive angethathi yonke into. I-mikhankaso inezela enqolobaneni yezikhali zayo ngezingxoxo ezinika i-metal-spective, amaqembu abhekisa phambili, kanye ne-operate nhlolo-yokuhlola. Ukuhlola okulandelayo okuhlanganisa ingxenye emfushane ekhululekile ekwazini ukuthi labo ababuzwayo bakhuluma kanjani ngokuncintisana okuphoqelelwe kubangane babo nomkhaya. Uma ingxenye enkulu yokusabela okudluliselwe obala ikhuluma ngezikhala ezithenjiswayo, umkhankaso wazi ukuthi lo myalezo usakaza ngendlela engokwemvelo.

Eminye imikhankaso iqondisa izingcingo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-debrief nezisebenzi zasezikhungweni zokuhlola eziphoqelelwe. Abameleli bocingo bavame ukuba nomqondo wokuzindla ngokuthi yimaphi imibhalo esebenzayo. Bangabika emuva ngemizwa yezingxoxo, ukuphendula okuvamile kwalabo abaphenduliweyo, nokusabela okungalindelekile. Lendlela yokuphendula yokulungisa amagama nokulungisa amagama ngesikhathi esingokoqobo. Nakuba kungabhekisi kakhulu, ukuqonda kwalemikhankaso yosizo kulungisa i-mesethi ye-debriefs ngaphambi kokushaya izingcingo.

Izakhiwo Zokwaziswa Nobuchwepheshe Bokulandelela Ukuphumelela

Measuring push poll effectiveness at scale requires robust data infrastructure. Campaigns that deploy hundreds of thousands of calls need systems that log every call outcome, time stamp every interaction, and link responses back to individual voter records. Modern campaign technology stacks include predictive dialers, interactive voice response systems, and customer relationship management platforms that integrate with polling and analytics software.

Omunye ubuchwepheshe obuvame ukusetshenziswa ekulandeleleni i-auto-dialer esebenza ngokuhlola okuhlangene. Lezizimiso zibhala ukuthi ucingo lwaphendulwa yini, ukuthi umthathi mpendulo wahlala isikhathi esingakanani emgqeni, imibuzo ephendulwe, nokuthi ophendulile ucingo uphendulwa yini. Le-metameter ingena ngqo ezifanekisweni ezisebenzayo. Uma ukwaziswa kubonisa ukuthi umbhalo ofanayo uveza izikhathi zokushayela ezikhathini ezithile, lomkhankaso uhlola ukuthi lezozingcingo ziyabhalwa noma azinakwa, futhi ulungisa ngokokuvumelana.

Omunye ubuchwepheshe obusanda kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya imizwelo eqoshiwe. Abanye abathengisi banikeza amathuluzi okulungisa ulimi ahlola umsindo wezwi, amagama akhethwayo, kanye nokungasabeli okungokomzwelo kwezimpendulo eziphendulwayo. Nakuba kusabiza emikhankasweni eminingi, la mathuluzi angabona amashifu entukuthelo, ukudideka, noma intshiseko ebikezela ukuziphatha kwamuva. Umuntu ophendulayo ophazamisekile phakathi nokuhlola okuphoqelelwe angase akhethele umuntu ozomfuna ukuvota ngecala, okungavimba umphumela ohloselwe. Ukusheshe athole lo mkhankaso uvumele ukunqanda ukubhalwa okuthiwa kwencwadi okungasho lutho.

ukucwaninga okuvela ku-Pow kusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano nangokwezombangazwe kwemishwana ecindezelayo kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqoqwa kokwaziswa okucace ngokomthetho.

Izinselele Ekufinyeleleni Impova Eshukumisayo

Naphezu kwezindlela eziningi namaqhinga atholakalayo, imikhankaso ibhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu lapho izama ukuhlola ithonya langempela lenhlolo - vo ecindezelayo. Lezi zinselele zivela ekudalweni kwethuluzi ngokwalo, endaweni elisebenza kuyo, nasezinkingeni ezingokokuziphatha ezihlobene nokucwaninga kwezombangazwe.

Ithonya Elingabonakali Nezinguquko Eziyisisekelo

Amavoter angase athonywe ukuhlola okuphoqelelwe ngaphandle kokwazi. Imiphumela yokudazuluka nje, ubandlululo olubhalwe kahle, lusikisela ukuthi ukuboniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe kwengcinga yokushukumisa kungandisa ukuthandwa kwalokho kushukumisa ngisho nalapho umuntu engakukhumbuli ukuchayeka. Uma kubhekiswa ekuhloleni okuphoqelelwe, umvoti angase azizwe kabi kakhulu ngomhlohli kodwa abe nomuzwa wokuthi uzwa indaba yezindaba abayibonile noma ingxoxo. Lelithonya elingabonakali linzima ukuthatha ekuhloleni ngoba lowo ophendulayo akanakubika ngokufanelekile umthombo wemizwa yabo.

Ukuthola izinto eziguquguqukayo kuqhubeke kudala isilinganiso. Ukufakwa kwemithombo yezindaba ngokwako kungaveza igagasi lesisici sokuchachashazelwa. Uma iphephandaba libhala indaba ngokuvota okuphoqelelwe, abavoti abafunda leyondaba bangase bayishintshe imibono yabo ngaphandle kokuthola ucingo. Lomkhankaso ukhona ubheka ukunyakaza emphakathini wonke okungase kuhloselwe ngokungafanele ukusebenza kocingo. Ukulawula lokhu kudinga ukulandelela, ukulandelela izindaba, ukubhala ngezindaba, kanye nokuhlaziya isikhathi ukuthi imikhankani eminingi ayinazo zokuziqondisa.

Ukufisa Umphakathi Nokusabela Kobia

Lapho ababuzwa ekuhloleni okulandelayo ukuthi bathonywe ucingo, abaningi bangakuphika, ngoba bengafuni ukuvuma ukuthi ukuthambekela kokuxhashazwa noma ngenxa yokukholelwa ngobuqotho ukuthi bagonyelwe. Lokhu kukhetha okuthandwayo emphakathini kukhuphula ukuhluleka kokucindezela ukwaziswa okulinganiswayo. Imikhankaso ethembele kuphela ethonyeni lokuzibika iyolulaza ithonya leqiniso ngokulandelana.

Ukuze bakhokhele, imikhankaso isebenzisa amasu okulinganisela angaqondile. Ngokwesibonelo, bacela ababuzwa ukuba bahlole ohlwini lwezimfanelo, ezinye zazo ezishiwo ekuhloleni okuphoqelelwayo futhi ezinye zingashiwo. Uma ukuphoqelelwa kweqembu lokuhlola kunciphisa izimpawu ezishiwo kodwa hhayi ezimfanelweni ezingashiwo, umkhankaso unciphisa ukuncitshiswa kwethonya elifihlwayo. Lendlela inciphisa ukuncintiswa kwemibuzo ngokuqondile futhi inikeza ubufakazi obuhlanzekile bomphumela ophoqelelwe we-mspool.

Izingxabano Ezingokomthetho Nezobuqotho

Ukulinganisa ukuphumelela kokuhlola kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngemithetho elandelwayo ehlukahluka ngokwezwe. Ngokwezimo ezithi kudingeka ukuba kuvulwe ukuthi umninimshayeli noma inhlangano ekhokhela ucingo, imikhankaso kungadingeka ishintshe imibhalo yayo ngezindlela ezinciphisa amandla okuthonya okuphoqelelwa. Ukusebenza ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ezishintshiwe kungase kungabhekisi indawo ezungezile engalawulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhodi ezimiso zomthetho emayunivesithi nasezindaweni zokucwaninga ngokuvamile awakuvumeli ukuhlola okuhilela ukuxhumana okukhohlisa, okulinganisela ukutholakala kokucwaninga okuzimele kwemfundo ezindaweni eziphoqelela imiphumela yokuhlola.

Inkambiso kumelwe icabangele futhi ingozi edumile yokubanjwa usebenzisa izinhlolo ezicindezelayo. Uma isilinganiso somkhankaso sangaphakathi sibonisa ukuvota kuphumelela, lomkhankaso ungalingwa ukuba uthuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwawo. Lokho kuveza amathuba okuchayeka, okungaholela ekunikezeleni i-covotay, i-votarfflash, futhi ngisho nesenzo esingokomthetho. Ukulinganisela okunempumelelo, kulomongo, kuhlanganisa ukuhlaziya inzuzo efakwa eceleni ngokusekela intengo engathi ingenzeka. Eminye imikhankani iye yaphetha ngokuthi isilinganiso esingcono sokuphumelela asithathiwe yisithakazelisi: uma ukuvota okuphoqelela ukugcinwa ngaphandle kokuqashelwa, ukusebenza kwayo akunakwa.

I-Federal Evotion Commission inikeza isiqondiso sokuqondisa izindinganiso zokuxhumana [ imikhankaso okufanele ibukeze kanye nemithetho yabo elandelwayo.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yomkhankaso Iqeda Izintuthwane Zokuphoqelela

Ngokusekelwe ezindleleni nasezinseleleni ezichazwe ngenhla, imikhankaso ingathatha inqubo engcono kakhulu yokuthuthukisa ukulinganisela kwayo okuphumelelayo kokuhlola. Le mikhuba ilinganisela isikhathi esilinganiselwe, uhlelo lwemali, nezingozi ezingokomthetho.

Okokuqala, imikhankaso kufanele ilinganiswe ihlelwe ngendlela yokuhlela i-athom ephoqelelwayo kusukela ekuqaleni. Kumele kuze kube ngemva kokuqeda izingcingo ukunquma ukuthi ingayihlola kanjani imiphumela ngokungenakugwenywa iveza imiphumela ebuthakathaka noma engaqondakali. Imiphumela ebangelwa yi-Pre--stury, amaqembu okulawula, kanye nomyalezo kufanele kuhlelwe ngaphambi kokuba ucingo lokuqala lubekwe. Lokhu kuvumela ukuba isabelo esiqondile, ubukhulu obufanele, kanye nencazelo ecacile ukuthi iziphi izigaba ezizothinteka kakhulu.

Okwesibili, imikhankaso kufanele isebenzise izindlela eziningi ezihambelanayo. Uma i-metric eyodwa inikeza isithombe esiphelele. Ukuhlanganisa ukuhlaziya ukusabela kanye nokukhumbula umyalezo, ukufica, kanye nokukhipha i-metading kuveza ubufakazi obunikeza ubufakazi obunamandla kakhulu kulokhu kucwasana okukhona nganoma iyiphi indlela. Uma izimpawu eziningi zisendleleni efanayo, umkhankaso ungaqiniseka kakhulu esiphethweni.

Okwesithathu, imikhankaso kufanele ibhale indlela yokulinganisela ukuze isetshenziswe ngaphakathi. Umbhalo ocacile uvumela iqembu lomkhankaso ukuba likwazi ukulingisa isilinganiso emijikelezweni yesikhathi esizayo, liqhathanise nezinhlanga, futhi lifunde kukho kokubili ukuphumelela nokuhluleka. Kunikeza futhi isivikelo uma ukuphenya okuphoqelelwe kuphikiswa enkantolo noma emithonjeni yezindaba. Umkhankaso ongabonisa ukuthi ulinganisa imiphumela futhi ungatholakali ubufakazi bokukhohlisa komvoti ungaba nesikhundla esiqinile esingokomthetho.

Okwesine, imikhankaso kufanele ifake inzuzo ekuhlanganiseni ukwaziswa kokwaziswa kokuhlolwa okunenzuzo kakhulu ivela ekuxhumaneni okusheshiwe kokusheshiswa kwemininingwane yokuhlola ku-ovota namarekhodi okuvota nemiphumela yokugcina. Umkhankaso owaziyo ukuthi yimuphi umvoti othole ukuvota okuphoqelelwe ongahlola ukuthi labo abavoti bangakhetha noma bangaba nokwenzeka kakhulu yini ukuba bavote futhi bavote umphikisi ocushwe. Lo mxhumanisi udinga ifayile yokuvota elingafana nezinombolo zocingo, okuyimikhankanti eminingi esenayo kakade.

Okokugcina, imikhankaso kufanele ihlale iyazisiwe ngezimiso ezishintshayo kanye nesimo sengqondo somphakathi ngokuphathelene nokuhlola okuphoqelelwayo. Njengoba imithetho yemininingwane eyimfihlo iqinisa futhi ivoti iqaphela kakhulu amasu okukhohlisa, ukuphumelela kokuphoqelela ukuphenya kungancipha. Ukuphumelela kulesimo sendawo esishintshayo kudinga ukuguquguquka okuqhubekayo kokungalawuleki kanye namathemba.

Isiphetho

Ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokuhlola eziphoqelelwe kungumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi kodwa obalulekile emikhankasweni ekhetha ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi lempikiswano. Ama-metric asetshenziswa "sprente shift, amazinga okuthembisana, ukukhumbula umyalezo, nemiphumela yokuhlola elandelayo" yenza kube nesisekelo esinesilinganiso, kuyilapho izindlela ezinjengokuhlela kwangaphambi kwemiklamo, amaqembu okulawula, ulwazi olune-alytics, kanye nokuveza i-qualitive distion yenezela ububanzi ne-kauslium. Nokho, imikhankankaso kumelwe isebenzise izinselele ezibalulekile, kuhlanganise nethonya elingabonakali kakhulu, ukuguquguquka kwezenhlalo, ukudidamba, nokungalinganiswa kwemithetho. Imikhankambi engcono kakhulu ibhekwa njengengxenye eyinhloko yokuhlola, hhayi ngemva kokucabanga.

Ekugcineni, ukuphumelela kwenhlolo - vo ecindezelayo akuyona nje indaba yokuthi ithuthwa yini izinombolo. Kuyindaba futhi ukuthi lo mkhankaso uyaziqonda izingozi, walawula imingcele yezimiso, futhi wasebenzisa imininingwane ngobuhlakani. Imikhankaso engcono kakhulu isebenzisa ukulinganisela hhayi nje kuphela ukuqinisekisa amasu abo kodwa futhi nokufunda, ukujwayela, nokunquma uma icebo lingasasebenzi. Ukuhlola kokhetho lokuncintisana kuhlala kungunode uma nje kungaqiniseki ezinhlangani nakuzimisele phakathi kwezazi zesayensi zokuhlola imingcele eqinile. Yeka indlela ukulinganisela kahle kwemikhankanti okuyo okuyo okuyo okuyo okuyo okuyo okuyo okuyokunquma ngayo ukuthi bayisebenzisa ngokuhlakanipha ngayo.

i-Northth’s Institute for Policy Research inikeza ukuhlaziywa okwengeziwe ngamasu okuxhumana ezombangazwe anikeza umongo wokuqonda okusunduza amasu okuhlola.