Table of Contents

Indlu yabameleli ingenye yezinhlangano ezibaluleke kakhulu eMelika ebusa ngentando yeningi, isebenza njengezwi labantu kuhulumeni kahulumeni. Njengegumbi eliphansi le-United States Congress, inendima ebalulekile ekulolongeni imithetho ebusa isizwe sethu nasekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izakhamuzi eziphakathi kwazo zonke izifunda ezingu-50 zimelela ngokuqondile eWashington, D.C. Ukuqonda ukuthi lendikimba isebenza kanjani, ukuthi amalungu ayo akhethwa kanjani, nokuthi imelela kanjani izithakazelo zakho kubaluleke kangakanani ekubeni isakhamuzi esinolwazi futhi esithembisene.

Lo mqondisi obanzi uzohamba kukho konke odinga ukukwazi ngendlu yabameleli − kusukela ezisekelweni zayo zomthetho-sisekelo kuya emsebenzini wezinsuku zonke wommeleli wakho okhethiwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubheke ukuqonda inqubo yomthetho, funda ukuthi ungathintana kanjani nommeleli wakho, noma umane uzuze ukwazisa okujulile ngalesi simiso esibalulekile sentando yeningi, lesi sihloko sizokunika ulwazi oludingayo.

Iyini Indlu Yabameleli?

Indlu yabameleli ingenye yezindlu ezimbili ezakha i-United States Congress, enye iyiSigele. Zizonke, lezi zindikimba ezimbili zakha igatsha lomthetho likahulumeni kahulumeni, elinomthwalo wokwakha, ukuphikisana, nokudlulisa imithetho ethinta wonke umuntu wase-Melika. Indlu yamiswa ngeSiphakamiso I soMthetho-sisekelo we-United States, esabuthwa ngo-1787 futhi sagunyazwa yizizwe ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho.

Inani labameleli bokuvota eNdlu limiswa umthetho ungekho ngaphansi kuka - 435, ngokwesilinganiso limelela inani labantu abasemazweni angu - 50. Leli nani liye laqhubeka likhona kusukela ngo - 1913, nakuba ukwabiwa kwezihlalo ezifundazweni kushintsha njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi ngenxa yokushintsha kwenani labantu okwavezwa ukubalwa kwabantu kwamanani amashumi eminyaka adlule.

Ngaphezu kwamalungu angu - 435 okuvota, kunabameleli abahlanu abamele iSifunda saseCommonwealth saseCommon of Northern Mariana Islands, iVirgin Islands, iGuam, i-Samoa, nekhomishane yase-Ommoth yase-Puerto Rico, nekhomishane yakhona imelela iPuerto Rico. Lamalungu angezwani angahlanganyela emsebenzini wamakomiti nasezingxabanweni zaphansi kodwa awanakuvota eqenjini lokugcina lomthetho.

Indlu emelene. Isigele: Umehluko oyinhloko

Nakuba zombili izikhundla zomthetho zihlanganyela izivumelwano zomthetho, ziyahluka ngezindlela eziningana ezibalulekile. Indlu iklanyelwe ukuba ilalele intando esheshayo yabantu, amalungu anikeza iziphakamiso ezimfushane futhi amelele iziphakamiso ezincane. ISigele, ngokuphambene, saklanyelwa ukunikeza izizinziso futhi simelele izithakazelo zikahulumeni ngokunwebeka okukhulu, futhi uhulumeni ngamunye uthola isithunzi esilinganayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abantu bangaki.

Ummeleli ngamunye ukhethwa ukuba asebenzise igama elithatha iminyaka emibili ekhonza abantu besifunda esithile sobukhomanisi. Lobu bufushane busho ukuthi abameleli kumelwe bahlale bevumelana kakhulu nezinkinga zabo, njengoba bebhekene nokukhethwa futhi kaningi kunabasizi be-data, abasebenzisa amagama athatha iminyaka eyisithupha.

I-United States ihlukaniswa yaba izigodi eziyi-45 ezinama-corion anezinhlalo ezingaba ngu-780 000 i-80 000, futhi isifunda ngasinye sikhetha ummeleli weNdlu yabameleli wegama elithatha iminyaka emibili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ummeleli wakho unecala endaweni ebumbeneyo neqembu elichazwe kahle lemifelandawo, okwenza ukuba ifinyeleleke kakhulu kunabameleli abamele amazwe wonke.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Sale ndlu

Abadwebi bomthetho-sisekelo babecabanga ngendlu yabameleli njenge "ndlu yabantu"""" igumbi elixhunywe ngqo nezakhamuzi ezivamile. Lombono uboniswa emalungiselelweni amaningana angokomthetho-sisekelo ahlukanisa iNdlu namanye amagatsha kahulumeni.

Umklamo Womthetho - sisekelo Wokuqala

ISiphakamiso I, Ingxenye 2 yoMthetho-sisekelo imisa uhlelo oluyisisekelo lwendlu yabameleli. AmaFramers acacisa ukuthi abameleli babezokhethwa "ngabantu bamazwe amaningana," ukwenza ukuba iNdlu ibe ukuphela kwendikimba kahulumeni ekhethwe ngokuqondile yizakhamuzi ngesikhathi uMthetho-sisekelo ugunyaziwe. Abaphathi bakhethwa kuqala yizishaya-mthetho kuze kube iSiphenduko seSeventeenth ngo1913 samisa ukukhethwa kwabameli.

UMthetho-sisekelo wamisa futhi ukuthi ukumelelwa kwendlu kusekelwe ezakhamuzini, isifundazwe ngasinye sithola inani labameleli elilingana nenani labantu baso. Lokhu kwakuwukwehlukana phakathi kwezifunda ezinkulu nezincane phakathi noMhlangano woMthetho-sisekelo, kulinganiswe ukumelelwa kwezwe elinganayo nesizwe esisekelwe eMzini.

Izimfuneko Zobameleli

UMthetho-sisekelo umisa izimfanelo ezintathu eziyisisekelo zokukhonza eNdlu yabameleli. Ummeleli kumelwe abe neminyaka engu-25 ubudala, ubeseyizakhamuzi zase-United States okungenani iminyaka engu-7, futhi abe isakhamuzi sombuso abawumelela ngesikhathi sokhetho. Lezi zimfuneko ezilinganiselwe zibonisa isifiso sabaFramers sokugcina iNdlu itholakala kubantu abavamile kunokuba ilinganiselwe kubantu abambalwa abavamile.

Indlela Izigodi Zezigodlo Ezizimisele Ngayo

Ukuqonda indlela isifunda sesifunda sakho esibuswayo esizodwetshwa ngayo kubalulekile ukuze siqonde indlela omelelwa ngayo. Inqubo yokunquma imingcele yesifunda, eyaziwa ngokuthi i - redificiation, iyenzeka njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi yokubalwa kwabantu okungathatha isikhathi eside futhi inemiphumela ejulile yokumelelwa kwezombangazwe.

Inqubo Yokufuna Ukujabula

Impoqo inqubo yokwahlukanisa amalungu angu-435, noma izihlalo, eNdlu yabameleli phakathi kwezifundazwe ezingu-50, futhi i-Census Bureau iqhuba ukubala ngezikhathi zeminyaka eyishumi. Lemfuneko yomthetho-sisekelo iqinisekisa ukuthi ukumelelwa kwendlu kuveza ukushintsha kwenani labantu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amazwe akhulayo athola izihlalo futhi amazwe ancipha alahlekelwa yiwo.

Ekuphetheni kobalo ngalunye, imiphumela isetshenziselwa ukubala inani lamalungu endlu umbuso ngamunye onesihloko sawo. Indlela yamanje esetshenziselwa lokhu kubalwa ibizwa ngokuthi indlela yeHuntington-Hill, ebisetshenziswa kusukela ngo-1941. Lendlela yezibalo ihlose ukunciphisa umehluko wamaphesenti emiphakathi yezifunda ezifunda eziqenjini.

Inani lezifunda ezivamile zesifunda sase - United States ngemva kokubalwa kwabantu abangu - 2020 lalingu - 761 169. lokhu kumelela ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwamashumi eminyaka adlule, njengoba inani labantu base - United States liye landa lapho inani lezihlalo zezindlu seliye lamiswa ngo - 435.

Ukuvuselela: Ukudweba Imigqa Yesigodi

Ngemva kokwahlulwa kunquma ukuthi zingaki izihlalo ezamukelwa yisifunda ngasinye, inqubo yokulungisa iqala. Izwe linquma imingcele yezigodi − izifunda ze-corinions eziphakathi kwesimo esicishe silingane − enqubeni ebizwa ngokuthi i-redidifidifidicing. Lenqubo ilawulwa yizishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni, nakuba amanye amazwe amise izimemezelo ezizimele zokusingatha i-rediprocentiation ngomzamo wokunciphisa ithonya le-RGB.

Ukuvuleka kwezindawo kuvame ukuphikisana ngoba indlela imigqa yesigodi evezwa ngayo ingaba nemiphumela ephawulekayo. Umkhuba wokusebenzisa imingcele yesifunda ukuze kuzuze ngokwezombangazwe, owaziwa ngokuthi i-gerrymanidering, uye waba impikiswano ephikelelayo kwezombangazwe zaseMelika. Izinkantolo ziye zawalahla amaqhinga aqinisekisayo aphula i-Voting Rights Act noma ahluleka ukunikeza izimpawu ezilinganayo, kodwa i-gerrymander ihlala isemthethweni ezimweni eziningi.

I-Roumente kumelwe ilandele izimfuneko ezithile ezingokomthetho lapho idweba imikhawulo yesifunda. Izigodi kumelwe zicishe zilingane emphakathini, zivumelane ne-Voting Rights Act's vikela ekucwaseni ngokohlanga, futhi zihlanganisa indawo eqinile. Ngaphandle kwalezi zimfuneko zikahulumeni, izifunda zingaphoqelela imibandela eyengeziwe enjengemingcele yesifunda noma kamasipala, ukulondoloza isithakazelo, noma ukukhuthaza ukukhetha kokuncintisana.

Ukushintsha Kwesimo Samuva

Izindawo eziyisithupha (i-Texas, i-Colorado, i-Montana, i-North Carolina, ne-Oregon) zathola izihlalo, kuyilapho amazwe ayisikhombisa (i-California, i-Illinois, iMichigan, i-New York, i-Ohio, i-Pennsylvania, ne-West Virginia) alahlekelwa izihlalo. Lezi zinguquko zibonisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwenani labantu, kuhlanganise nokwanda kwenani labantu eNingizimu naseNtshonalanga kanye nokuncipha kwe-Northedwath nase-Mestwest.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nokubalwa kwabantu kanye nokwabelana, ungavakashela U.S.C.C.C.Univation Congress Apponationmentationation percentage percentage [.

Indlela Abameleli Abakhethwa Ngayo

Ukuqonda indlela lokhu kukhetha okukusiza ngayo ukuba wenze izinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini futhi uhlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo enqubweni yentando yeningi, kungenye yezindlela eziqondile zokuhlanganyela ezakhamuzini zaseMelika.

Umjikelezo Wonyaka Omubili Wokukhetha

Njalo eminyakeni emibili, zonke izihlalo ezingu- 435 eGay of Messages ziphezulu ukuze zikhethwe. Lokhetho luyenzeka ngisho naseminyakeni enomboloni, ngokhetho eminyakeni yomongameli (njengo-2024, 2028, njll.) ngokubona ukuthi amavoti aphakeme kakhulu kunamavoti aphakathi (njenga 2026, 2030, njll.). Iminyaka emibili yayikhethwa ngamabomu abaFramers ukuba bagcine abameleli babo benecala eliseduze.

Lolu hlelo lwaqala ngekhulu le - 19 lapho kukhethwa isikhathi sokuhlalisa abalimi futhi kuvunyelwa ukuba bahambe baye ezindaweni zokuvota ngemva kokuvuna kodwa ngaphambi kokuba isimo sezulu sasebusika sibe nzima.

Ukukhetha Okuyinhloko Nokukhetha Okuvamile

Indlela eya e House of Decrections ihlanganisa izigaba ezimbili: okhetho oluyinhloko nokhetho oluvamile. Okhetho oluyinhloko, amaqembu ezombangazwe akhetha iziphakamiso zawo zokukhetha uhulumeni. Izinhlelo zeprimites ziyahluka-hluka ngokwezwe :_ezinye izizwe zivala iziqu lapho amalungu eqembu elibhaliwe kuphela angavota khona, kuyilapho amanye aphethe iziqu lapho noma yimuphi umvotisi angahlanganyela khona.

Kukhetho oluvamile, abavoti bakhetha phakathi kwabazokhethwa yiqembu ngalinye, kanye nanoma yibaphi abavoti abazimele noma abayingxenye yesithathu abaye bafanelekela i-colot. Ovota kakhulu uthola isihlalo, ngisho noma bengatholi inani eliphelele. Le "isimiso sokuqala esidlulile" sisetshenziswa ezifundeni eziningi, nakuba amazwe ambalwa aye azama izindlela zokuvota ezihlukile njengokuvota okusemthethweni.

Ukukhetha Okukhethekile

Uma isihlalo sendlu singasekho ngenxa yokufa, ukuhoxa, noma ezinye izimo, kusho ukuthi kuvame ukuba nokhetho olukhethekile ukuze kugcwalise indawo. Isikhathi nezinqubo zokhetho olukhethekile ziyahluka-hluka ngokomthetho kahulumeni. Ezinye izifundazwe zithatha ukhetho olukhethekile ngokushesha ukuze zinciphise inkathi yokufuna isikhundla, kuyilapho ezinye zingase zishiye indawo yokuhlala ingenalutho kuze kube ukukhetha okulandelayo uma isikhala sesiya semuva.

Ukuba Nesizotha Nokubhaliswa

Ukuvota kukhetho lwendlu, kumelwe ube isakhamuzi sase-U.S., okungenani oneminyaka engu-18 ubudala, futhi uhlangabezane nezimfuneko zombuso wakho zokuhlala. Izifundazwe eziningi zifuna abavoti ukuba babhalise ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho, nakuba ezinye izifundazwe zinikeza ukubhalisa kosuku olunye. Izimfuneko zokubhaliswa komthetho kanye nemithetho yesikhathi kuyahluka ngokwezwe, ngakho kubalulekile ukuhlola imithetho eqondile kahulumeni wakho ngaphambi kwanoma yiluphi ukhetho.

Yini Abameleli Abayenzayo?

Abameleli eNdlu yabameleli bahlanganisa imithwalo yemfanelo eminingi, kusukela ekumiseni umthetho kuya ekukhonzeni abameleli babo. Ukuqonda lezindima ezihlukahlukene kukusiza ukuba uqonde ubunkimbinkimbi bomsebenzi futhi wazi ukuthi yini okumelwe uyilindele kummeleli wakho.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Engokomthetho

Isibopho esiyinhloko somthetho-sisekelo sabameleli siwukwenza nokuvota emthetho kahulumeni. Lokhu kuhilela okungaphezu nje kokuvota esitezi sendlu. Abameleli kumelwe bacwaninge ngezimiso, bafake izikweleti, baxoxisane nozakwabo, bahlanganyele emsebenzini wekomiti, futhi bakhe imifelandawonye ukuze bathuthukise ukuvota kwabo.

Inqubo yomthetho iqala lapho ummeleli ethula isikweleti. Izincwadi zingakhuluma cishe nganoma yisiphi isihloko esisegunyeni likahulumeni elingokomthetho, kusukela ekukhokheni intela nasekusebenziseni imali kuya ekuvikeleni izwe namalungelo omphakathi. Ngemva kokungena, izikweleti zibhekiselwa ekomitini eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze zihlolwe ngokuningiliziwe. Imali eningi ayikwenzi nanini iphume ekomitini, iqokomisa ukubaluleka komsebenzi wekomiti enqubweni yomthetho.

Umsebenzi Wekomiti

Umsebenzi omningi wendlu ocushweyo uyenzeka kumakomiti nasemakomitini angaphansi. Lamaqembu amancane avumela abameleli ukuba bathuthukise ubuchwepheshe ezindaweni ezithile zezimiso nokuziphatha okuningiliziwe komthetho ohlongozwayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zamakomiti eNdlu:

  • Amakomiti amile:[ amakomiti ahlala njalo aphethe izindawo ezithile zezimiso, njengeKomiti yezindlela ne-Fract (ephatha inkambiso yentela) noma iKomiti yeNkonzo yezempi (engamele izindaba zezempi).
  • Khetha amaKomiti:[ amakomiti esikhashana aklanyelwe ukuphenya umagazini okhethekile noma ukuqhuba izifundo ezikhethekile.
  • [ Amakomiti ahlotshisiwe:[ amaKomiti ahlanganisa amalungu asendluni naseSigeqeni, agxile ezindabeni zokuphatha noma zokuphenya.
  • [ Amakomiti okuhlanganisa: amakomiti esikhashana akhiwe ukuze kuhlangane umehluko phakathi kwendlu neNkathi yeSishaya-mthetho wesibhaka-mvume.

Izabelo zamakomiti zifunwa kakhulu ngoba zinikeza abameleli ithonya lezindawo ezithile zezimiso namathuba okukhonza izithakazelo zomakomiti. Izikhundla zobuholi emakomitini, njengezihlalo zamakomiti namalungu aphezulu, ziphethe amandla amakhulu kakhulu nomthwalo wemfanelo.

Izinkonzo Eziwusizo

Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yabo ye-oconscription, abameleli bachitha isikhathi esiningi nemali bekhonza abameleli babo. Le "imisebenzi" ihlanganisa ukusiza abantu ngabanye nezinhlangano ukuba baqondise i-compatial Office, ukuxazulula izinkinga zezinhlangano zikahulumeni, nokuthola izinhlelo nezinkonzo zikahulumeni.

Izibonelo ezivamile zezinkonzo ezivamile zihlanganisa:

  • Ukusiza omakad ’ ebona ukuba bazuze eMnyangweni Wezindaba Zama - Veteran
  • Ukusiza Ngezindaba Ezinokulondeka Komphakathi Noma Zezokwelapha
  • Ukuxazulula izinkinga ngezicelo zokufuduka noma ama - visa
  • Ukusiza amabhizinisi amancane ukuba aqondise imithetho kahulumeni noma angene ezivumelwaneni zikahulumeni
  • Ukuxhumana nezinhlangano zikahulumeni
  • Ukunikeza ukwaziswa ngezinhlelo nezinkonzo zikahulumeni

Abameleli abaningi balondoloza kokubili ihhovisi lase Washington, D.C. kanye namahhovisi esigodi elilodwa noma ngaphezulu asebenza izisebenzi ezisebenza ngokunakekela abantu abasizayo ngalezi zindaba. Lo msebenzi wenkonzo ohlanganyelweyo awushiwo ngokuqondile kuMthetho-sisekelo kodwa usuyingxenye ebalulekile yomsebenzi wommeleli.

Ukumelela Nokukhulumisana

Abameleli bakhonza njengezwi lezifunda zabo eSishaya-mthetho, basekela izithakazelo nezinkathazo zabo. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlala benolwazi ngezindaba ezithinta isifunda, ukuxhumana nabantu bakhona ukuze baqonde izinto eziza kuqala kubo, futhi basebenzele ukuthuthukisa izimiso ezizuzisa isifunda.

Abameleli banamuhla basebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuxhumana nabantu abazimele, kuhlanganise nalezi:

  • Imihlangano yasehholo lasedolobheni nama - “cum ” omphakathi
  • Izincwadi zezindaba kanye nokushintshwa kwe-imeyili
  • Iziteshi zezokuxhumana
  • Ukubonakala kwemidiya yasendaweni
  • Ukuvakashela izikole, amabhizinisi, nezinhlangano zomphakathi
  • Amahholo ezingcingo ezidolobheni kanye nemihlangano engokoqobo

Lokhu kuxhumana kuyindlela ehamba kabili. Abameleli abatsheli nje kuphela ngomsebenzi wabo eSishaya - mthetho kodwa futhi bahlanganisa iziphakamiso nezici ezilawula izinto eziza kuqala ezinqunywe umthetho kanye nezinqumo zokuvota.

Ukuphatha Igatsha Eliphethe

Indlu inomthwalo wemfanelo obalulekile womthetho - sisekelo wokwengamela igatsha eliphethe futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlangano zikahulumeni zisebenzisa imithetho ngokufanele futhi zisebenzisa imali ekhokha intela ngokufanelekile. Lo msebenzi wokwengamela uhilela ukuphenya, ukuqulwa kwecala, ukucela amaphepha nobufakazi kubaphathi begatsha abaphethe, nokusebenzisa amandla esikhwama semali ukuze kuthonye ukuziphatha kwezinhlangano.

Ukugada kungaba yinqubo evamile, njengokubukeza uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali kwaminyaka yonke, noma kungaba nonya kakhulu, njengokuhlola ukwehluleka okuthiwa ukuziphatha okubi noma ukuhluleka kwezimiso. Amandla endlu abalulekile ekulondolozeni isimiso sokuhlolwa nokulinganisela okuvimbela noma iliphi igatsha likahulumeni ukuba libe namandla kakhulu.

Inqubo Yomthetho: Indlela Amabhuloho Aba Ngayo Imithetho

Ukuqonda indlela umthetho ohamba ngayo phakathi kwendlu kukusiza ukuba uqonde ukuyinkimbinkimbi kokwenza imithetho futhi uqaphele amathuba okuthonya lenqubo. Nakuba uhlelo oluyisisekelo "indlela imvume ebhaliswa ngayo" lujwayelekile kubantu abaningi baseMelika, iqiniso lihilela izinyathelo eziningi nezithiyo ezingase zivele.

Ukusungulwa Nokuvuselelwa

Inqubo yomthetho iqala lapho ummeleli eyisa isikweleti ngokusibeka e "isikhombi," ibhokisi lokhuni elisesitezini sendlu. Izincwadi zabelwa inani (H.R. lilandelwa yinombolo yezindleko zendlu) bese libhekiswa ekomitini elungile noma emakomitini asekelwe endabeni yawo. USheaker we House, ngehhovisi lomphathi wePhalamente, unquma ukuthi yimaphi amakomiti aphethe phezu komthetho ngamunye.

Ukucabangela Ikomiti

Uma sesibhekiswe ekomitini, isikweleti sibhekene nesithiyo sokuqala esikhulu. Izihlalo zamakomiti zinamandla amakhulu okunquma ukuthi iziphi izikweleti ezicatshangelwayo nezinganakwa.

  • [ Ukubukeza: Izindleko eziningi zibhekiswe ekhonkisweni elingaphansi ukuze kucatshangelwe futhi kucaciswe okokuqala.
  • [ Amakomiti ezindlebe: aphatha ukuqulwa kwecala ukuze aqoqe ukwaziswa nobufakazi kochwepheshe, abafaki bemali, nezikhulu zikahulumeni.
  • I-phawu: Ikomiti ihlangana ukuze ixoxe ngecala, ihlongoze ukulungisa, futhi ivote ukuthi ingabika yini endlini yonke.
  • [ Umbiko weCommittee: Uma ivunyelwe, ikomiti ikhipha umbiko ochaza isikweletu kanye nokutusa kwaso.

Izikweletu eziningi zifa ekomitini, zingangeni vhoti endlini egcwele. Lo msebenzi wokugcina isango uvumela amakomiti ukuba ahluze umthetho ongenasisekelo esanele noma ongasifanele.

Ukucabangela Ubuhle

U-Bhili abaqondisa inqubo yekomiti ngempumelelo bathuthela phansi ukuze bahlolwe yimalungu onke. Nokho, ngisho nakulesi sigaba, indlela ayiqondile. I-House Rules Committee inikeza i-"rule" yomthetho ngamunye onqumayo ukuthi izoxoxwa kanjani, ukuthi impikiswano izothatha isikhathi esingakanani, nokuthi iziphi izilungiso zinganikezwa.

Ukucabangela okuvamile kuhilela:

  • [ Ingxoxo-Jikelele:[ Amalungu aphikisana ngenzuzo yecala, ngesikhathi esihlukene phakathi kwabasekeli nabaphikisi.
  • Inqubo yokulungisa: kuxhomeke kumthetho, amalungu anganikeza izinguquko ukuze alungise ubhazabhaza.
  • udluliso luvota:[ Ngemva kwenkulumo-mpikiswano nokulungisa, indlu ivota ekudluleni kokugcina kwemali.

Indlu isebenzisa izindlela eziningana zokuvota, kuhlanganise namavoti ezwi, amavoti amavoti, namavoti aqoshiwe. Ukuze kusetshenziswe umthetho obalulekile noma ophikisanayo, amavoti aqoshiwe asetshenziswa kakhulu, avumela abameleli ukuba babone ukuthi abavote kanjani.

Isenzo Sesigele Nokuvunyelwa Umongameli

Ngemva kokuba iNdlu idlulise isikweleti, iya eNdlunkulu, enesimiso sayo sobukomiti nezinqubo zaphansi. ISigele singadlulisa isikweleti njengoba sitholakala eNdlu, sisiqede, noma sisenqabe ngokuphelele. Uma iSishaya - mthetho silungisa isikhwama sendlu, lamakamelo amabili kumelwe alungise ukungezwani kwawo, ngokuvamile ngekomiti yengqungquthela exoxa ngenguquko ehlehlisiwe.

Uma amagumbi esedlulise izinombolo zemali ezifanayo, iya kuMongameli ukuze asayine. UMongameli angasayina incwadi engokomthetho, ewufaka, noma ayivumele ukuba ibe umthetho ngaphandle kokusayina ngokungenzi lutho izinsuku eziyishumi ngesikhathi uMkhandlu usesikhathini sokuhlela. Uma uMongameli ekhipha incwadi, uMkhandlu ungawudlulisa ngevoti eyisithathu kuzo zombili izicabha, nakuba lokhu kungethukela.

Ukwakheka Kwamandla Endlu

Ukuqonda lesi sakhiwo samandla kusiza ekuchazeni indlela iNdlu esebenza ngayo nokuthi kungani ukuba neqembu kubaluleke kangaka kwezombangazwe ezihlangene.

Umkhulumeli Wendlu

UmSheaker weNdlu umqondisi wendlu futhi unegunya elinamandla kakhulu egumbini. USpeaker ukhethwa ngendlu egcwele ekuqaleni koMkhandlu ngamunye omusha, nakuba eqhuba levoti ilandela imigqa yeqembu, futhi umdlali weqembu uphumelele. USwencer unamandla amaningi, kuhlanganise:

  • Ukwengamela izigaba zasendlini nokugcina ukuhleleka
  • Ukubhekisela izikweletu emakomitini
  • Ukumisa amalungu emakomitini engqungquthela nokukhetha amakomiti
  • Ukugunyaza uhlelo lwezishaya - mthetho
  • Ukukhonza obala njengeningi lendlu
  • Ngimi okwesibili ohlwini lokulandela umongameli, ngemva kukaMongameli Oyisekela

Amandla oMphathi-mthetho adlulela ngalé kwalamandla angokomthetho. Njengomholi weqembu elikhulu, iSpeaker inendima ebalulekile ekubekeni izinqumo eziphambili zomthetho, ukuxoxa neSigele nendlu kaWhite, kanye nokugcina ubunye beqembu.

Abaholi Abakhulu Nabancane

Umholi weningi usebenza njengelungu lesibili eliphethe iqembu elikhulu, esebenza eduze noSpeaker ukuze alawule uhlelo lwezishaya-mthetho necebo leqembu lokuhlela. Umholi weningi usebenza kakhulu ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke futhi usebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izishayamthetho zeningi ziqhubekela phambili eNdlu.

Umholi wedlanzana usebenza njengenhloko yeqembu elincane eMzini, eholela ekuphikisweni kwemibono yeningi futhi ebeka iqembu esikhundleni sokhetho lwesikhathi esizayo. Umholi wedlanzana usebenzela ukuhlanganisa amalungu eqembu elincane, ukusungula izihlongozo ezihlukile, futhi ubeka iningi ukuba liziphendulele.

Izibopho Nobuholi Beqembu

Bobabili laba bamaqembu banezinhlangano eziphethe ngokubala amavoti, zinxusa amalungu ukuba asekele isikhundla seqembu, futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi amalungu akhona ekuvoteni okubalulekile. Isimiso sesiswebhu sihlanganisa isiswebhu esiningi, isiswebhu esincane, neswibhi esinamaphini amaningi agcina axhumana namaqembu athile amalungu.

Ezinye izikhundla zokuhola amaqembu zihlanganisa izihlalo ze - caucus noma izihlalo zemihlangano, izihlalo zamakomiti zomkhankaso nezihlalo zamakomiti ezingokomthetho.

Izihlalo Zamalungu EKomiti Namalungu Ahambayo

Izihlalo zamakomiti, ezihlala zingamalungu eqembu elikhulu, zinamandla aphawulekayo emithetho ephethe amakomiti azo. Zilawula izinqumo zamakomiti, zinqume ukuthi yiziphi izikweleti ezithathwayo, futhi ziphatha imithombo yamakomiti. Ilungu eliphethe ikomiti, ilungu elikhulu leqembu elincane ekomitini ngalinye, lisebenza njengezwi leqembu elincane ezindabeni zamakomiti.

Indlela Omelelwa Ngayo

Ukuqonda inkolelo - mbono yokumelela kungenye into; ukwazi ukuthi ungahlanganyela kanjani nommeleli wakho futhi wenze izwi lakho lizwe kungenye into. ubuhlobo bakho nommeleli wakho buwukuhlobana okubalulekile nochungechunge lokulandisa ngentando yeningi.

Ukuthola Ummeleli Wakho

Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuhlanganyeleni nommeleli wakho ukwazi ukuthi umeleni. Ungathola ummeleli wakho ngokungena e-zip code noma ekhelini lakho kuwebhusayithi yomela e-'. house.gov[. Lelithuluzi lizoveza isifunda sesifunda se-comgational futhi linikeze ukwaziswa kommeleli wakho.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umelelwa ummeleli wesifunda sesifunda sakho esithile. Nakuba ungaba nemibono ngabaphathi bezifunda noma ezinye izizwe, abanasibopho sokuphendula ukukhathazeka kwakho ngoba ungewona ummeleli wabo.

Ukuxhumana Nomumeleli Wakho

Kunezindlela eziningana zokuxhumana nommeleli wakho futhi wenze imibono yakho yaziwe:

  • Izingcingo ze-Phtone:[ Ukubiza ihhovisi lommeleli wakho kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu ukwenza ukuba izwi lakho lizweke. Amalungu asebenza ngokulandela izingcingo nombiko wemiklamo kummeleli. Zilungiselele ukunikeza igama lakho nekheli ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyi-accommental.
  • Izincwadi nama-imeyili kukuvumela ukuchaza ukuma kwakho ngokuningiliziwe. Nakuba i-imeyili ishesha, amanye amahhovisi anikeza isisindo esengeziwe kumagama avamile, okudinga umzamo omkhulu ukuwathumela.
  • Ukuhambela komsebenzi wobuofisi:[ Ukuhlangana nommeleli wakho noma izisebenzi zabo, kungaba eWashington noma ehhovisi lesigodi, kungaba ngcono kakhulu. Lemihlangano ivumela ingxoxo enzima nosizo lokwakha ubuhlobo.
  • amahholo ezindawo kanye nezenzakalo zomphakathi:[ ukuya emihlanganweni yasedolobheni kanye nezinye izenzakalo zomphakathi kukunika ithuba lokubuza imibuzo futhi uveze imibono yakho emphakathini.
  • Imithombo yezindaba: Abameleli abaningi balondoloza ubukhona bezokuxhumana obungokwezembu jikelele. Nakuba ukuhlangana kwezokuxhumana kungase kungasilinganisi kakhulu njengokuxhumana ngokuqondile, kungasiza ekukhuliseni isigijimi sakho futhi kubonise isithakazelo somphakathi endabeni ethile.

Isikhathi Sokuxhumana Nommeleli Wakho

Ungathintana nommeleli wakho noma nini, kodwa ukubhekana kwakho nemithetho kungase kuphumelele kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile enqubweni yokushaya umthetho:

  • Lapho kucatshangelwa isikweletu esithinta izithakazelo zakho ekomitini
  • Phambi kwevoti engaphansi engokomthetho obalulekile
  • Lapho udinga usizo nenhlangano noma uhlelo lukahulumeni
  • Lapho ufuna ukuveza indaba ethinta umphakathi wakini
  • Phakathi nenkathi yokukhetha, lapho abameleli benakekela ngokukhethekile izinto ezibakhathazayo abamelelwayo

Ukwenza Ukuxhumana Kwakho Kuphumelele

Ukuze uthole ithonya elikhulu lapho uthola usizo kummeleli wakho, cabangela la macebiso:

  • [[UMTL:0] cacisa futhi ufinyele:[ Zibekele injongo yakho ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi unamathele olwazini olulodwa noma ezimbili ngothintana.
  • thola ikheli lakho:[ Abameleli bamisa kuqala ukuxhumana komsizi oqinisekisiwe.
  • sho ngokuqondile: izindleko ezithile ngenombolo uma kungenzeka futhi uchaze ukuthi lendaba ithinta kanjani wena noma umphakathi wakho.
  • [ Yiba nenhlonipho: Ngisho noma ungavumelani ngokuqinile nezikhundla zommeleli wakho, ukulondoloza umsindo ohloniphekayo kwenza isigijimi sakho sizwakale.
  • Yabelana ngendaba yakho:[ Izindaba zomuntu siqu nezibonelo zendawo ngokuvamile zithonya kakhulu kunemibono efiphele.
  • Landela:[ Uma ungatholi impendulo, landela phezulu. Uma uthola impendulo, phendula ukuqhubeka nengxoxo.

Ukuthola Usizo Ngezinkinga Zesayensi

Uma ubhekene nezinkinga nenhlangano kahulumeni noma uhlelo, ihhovisi lommeleli wakho lingasiza kaningi. Izisebenzi zamahhovisi esigodi ezisebenza ngemisebenzi ekhethekile futhi zingangenela nezinhlangano ezikumele. Izindaba ezivamile lapho abameleli bangasiza khona zihlanganisa:

  • Izinzuzo Zezokulondeka Komphakathi Noma Kwezokugula Ezingalibaleki
  • Ama - veteran ayazuza futhi anakekele impilo
  • Impikiswano yokuthuthela kwelinye izwe ne - visa
  • Izinkinga ze - IRS
  • Imali - nsolo yabafundi kaFederal
  • Izindaba zezisebenzi zezempi

Ukuze ucele usizo lwamacala, thintana nehhovisi lesigodi lommeleli wakho futhi uzimisele ukunikeza ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe ngesimo sakho futhi usayina ukukhululwa kwemfihlo evumela ihhovisi ukuba lixoxe ngecala lakho nenxusa elihlobene nawe.

Indima Yezidili Zezombangazwe

Nakuba uMthetho - sisekelo ungakhulumi ngamaqembu ezombangazwe, uye waba umnyombo endleleni iNdlu Yabameleli esebenza ngayo.Ukuqonda indima yamaqembu kuyasiza ekuchazeni izindlela zokuvota, imiphumela yemithetho, nokusebenza kwayo yonke indlu.

Inhlangano Yeqembu Endlini

Amaqembu amabili ayinhloko — uDemocrats noRepublicans − ahlela ukuba azenze angene ngezindawo zokuhlangana ezihlangana njalo ukuze axoxe ngezindlela, abaholi abakhethiwe, futhi aqondise imizamo yeqembu yomthetho. Amalungu eqembu anquma izabelo zamakomiti, izikhundla zokuhola, nokuthola imithombo yezimali.

Iqembu elikhulu, elilawula izihlalo ezingaphezu kwengxenye endlu, lijabulela izinzuzo ezinkulu. Iqembu elikhulu likhetha iSpeaker, lilawula zonke izihlalo zamakomiti, linezihlalo eziningi kuyo yonke ikomiti, futhi lihlela uhlelo lwezishayano. Lezi zinzuzo zenza ukuba iNdlu yezomthetho ibe umklomelo ophezulu kunoma yiluphi ukhetho.

Ukuyala Nokudla Phakathi

Abaholi beqembu basebenza kanzima ukulondoloza ubunye beqembu kumavoti abalulekile, besebenzisa inhlanganisela yokunxenxa, ukuxoxisana, nokucindezela. Nokho, abameleli ekugcineni baphendula abameleli babo, futhi isiyalo seqembu asiphelele. Ngezinye izikhathi amalungu avotela ngokumelene neqembu lawo lapho ekholelwa ukuthi linezithakazelo ezithakazelweni zalo noma lapho izinkolelo zawo zinquma inkambo ehlukile.

Ukuhlukana kwalokhu kubonisa ukukhethwa kwabavoti ezidilini ezivumelanayo ezisekelwe ezicini ezivumelanayo nezinqumo ezihlelelwe ukuhlukaniswa kwemibono nabaholi beqembu ukuze bagcizelele ukuhlukana okubangelwa ukuhlukana kwemibono.

I - bipartisan Nesakhiwo Esinemijovo

Naphezu kokwanda kwezindawo ezihlukene, ukubambisana kwe-bipartisan kusaqhubeka, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni ezingahlangani kahle nezinhlangothi ezimele noma lapho kungekho qembu elinezivoti zokukhipha umthetho kuphela. Abameleli abaphumelelayo bavame ukwakha imifelandawonye enqamule amaqembu, basebenza nozakwabo abahlanganyela izithakazelo zabo ezindabeni ezithile ngisho noma bengavumelani nabanye.

Amandla Omthetho-mthetho Ayingqayizivele Wendlu

UMthetho-sisekelo unika iNdlu yabameleli imibuso eminingana engahlangani neSigele, ubonakalisa umbono wabenzi besakhelo ngendlu njengegumbi eliseduze kakhulu nabantu.

Imali Engenisa Imali

ISiphakamiso I, Ingxenye 7 yoMthetho-sisekelo ifuna ukuba zonke izikweleti zokukhuphula imali zivele eNdlu. Lesi lungiselelo siveza isimiso se "akukho ntela ngaphandle kokumelelwa" nenkolelo yabaferame yokuthi umthetho wentela kufanele uvele egumbini elinesibopho esiqondile kubantu. Nakuba iSigele singalungisa izikweletu zemali, asikwazi ukuziqala.

Ukuzifunela

Indlu iyodwa enegunya lokukhipha izikhulu zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise noMongameli, uMongameli, namajaji kahulumeni. Ngokuyisisekelo ukubekwa icala ngokubekwa icala − ukumangalelwa okungokomthetho kokungalungi kwecala. Uma iningi lamavoti endlu ephula umthetho, icala lidlulela eSigele ukuze liqulwe. ISigele sinegunya lokubopha futhi sikhiphe izikhulu ezikhundleni, kufune amavoti amabili-mitha.

Icebo elingavamile kodwa elinamandla lokunikeza izikhulu zikahulumeni icala. Indlu icele omongameli abathathu − Andrew Johnson ngo-1868, uBill Clinton ngo-1998, futhi uDonald Trump ngo-2019 no-2021 ngo-2021 cishe akekho owalahlwa futhi wasuswa yiSigele.

Ukubonisa UMongameli

Uma kungekho mmeleli womongameli othola amavoti amaningi, iNdlu yabameleli ikhetha uMongameli. Kulesimo, abameleli bombuso ngamunye eNdlu yendlu bavota kanye, futhi amazwe amaningi aye adinga ukunqoba. Lokhu kuye kwenzeka kabili kuphela emlandweni waseMelika, ngo-1800 no-1824, kodwa kulokhu kusengenzeka ngomthetho ngokomthetho okhethweni oluseduze.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nendlu Yanamuhla

Indlu Yabameleli ibhekene nezinselele eziningi ekhulwini lama - 21, kusukela ekwandeni kwezindawo ezihlukene kuya ekubalweni kwemibono yezikhulu nezimiso.

Ukwehla Kwelanga Ne - Gridlock

Ukuhlukana kwezombangazwe kuye kwenza kwaba nzima kakhulu ukuba le House isebenze ngokuphumelelayo. Uma amalungu ehlelwa ukuba abe nezinkolo ezihlangene futhi ebhekene nokucindezela kwabavoti abayinhloko, ukuthola isisekelo esifanayo kuye kwaba yinselele kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezindawo kufaka iqhaza ekuvuleni i-glation, ngaphandle kwezindaba ezibalulekile ngoba akukho qembu elingaqoqa amavoti ukuze lidlulise umthetho.

Umbukiso nosayizi wesigodi

Njengoba inani labantu base-U.S. liye lakhula lapho ubukhulu bendlu bulokhu bukhona ngamalungu angu-435, ummeleli ngamunye manje ukhonza iziqeshana eziningi kunangaphambili. Izigodi ze-Congress manje zinenani labantu abangaba ngu - 780 000 ngalinye, uma kuqhathaniswa ne - 30 000 lapho iNdlu iqala ukusungulwa. Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo yokuthi ingabe abameleli bangakhonza ngokuphumelelayo yini amacontituence amakhulu kangaka nokuthi iNdlu imelela abantu baseMelika.

Abanye abashisekeli bezinguquko baye basikisela ukuba lendlu yande ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuma kwemali futhi kuncishiswe ithonya lemali kwezombangazwe ngokwenza izigodi zibe ezincane futhi imikhankaso ingabizi kakhulu.

Ukuba Nekhono Lokusungula

Indlu ibhekene nezinselele ekulondolozeni ubuchwepheshe nekhono lokuhlela elidingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane ngokuphumelelayo nezindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi kwengamele igatsha elikhulu eliphethe. Ukugawulwa kohlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali kubaphathi benhlangano kanye nezinhlangano ezisekelayo kuye kwanciphisa amakhono endlu okulungisa, kwenza amalungu ancike kakhulu emithonjeni yangaphandle yokwaziswa nobuchwepheshe.

Ukwethenjwa Umphakathi

Ukuvunyelwa umphakathi uMkhandlu kuye kwehla ngokuphawulekayo emashumini eminyaka amuva, njengoba ukuhlola kuqhubeka kubonisa ukuthi amaMelika awazethembi izinhlangano. Lokhu kuncipha kokwethembana kubangela izinselele zokubusa kwentando yeningi futhi kwenza kube nzima ngabameleli ukwakha ukusekela izinguquko ezidingekile kodwa ezinzima zesimiso.

Ukubaluleka Kokuhlanganyela Isivumelwano Sesigqi

Naphezu kwalezizinselele, iNdlu Yabameleli ihlala iyinhlangano yentando yeningi ebalulekile nezindlela eziyinhloko amaMelika avamile angathonya ngazo isimiso sikahulumeni.

Ukuvakasha Ezinhlamvwini Zokuvota Zasendlini

Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu ohlanganyela ngayo ekufaneni nendlu ukuvota okhethweni. Njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili, unethuba lokunquma ukuthi ummeleli wakho ufanelwe elinye igama noma ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuba umholi omusha. Lo khetho lunquma ukuthi ubani omelela isifunda sakho kuphela kodwa ukuthi iliphi iqembu elilawula iNdlu futhi lihlela uhlelo lwesizwe.

Uvoter okhethweni lwe House uyahlukahluka kakhulu, njengoba iminyaka yokukhetha umongameli ibona ukuphakama kakhulu kunokhetho phakathi nenkathi. Nokho, ukhetho lwaphakathi nenkathi lubaluleke ngokufanayo, ngoba lunikeza ithuba lokuba iningi liyolandisa futhi lungabangela ukushintshwa kokulawula izakhiwo okushintsha isimo somthetho.

Ukuhlala Unolwazi

Ukuthembisana okuphumelelayo komphakathi kudinga ukuba uhlale wazi ngalokho ummeleli wakho akwenzayo nokuthi yiziphi izimpikiswano eziphambi kweSishaya - mthetho.

  • Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yommeleli wakho kanye namaphepha-zincwadi
  • Congress.gov, ingosi engokomthetho yokwaziswa ngemithetho kahulumeni
  • C-SPAN, esakaza imicimbi yendlu kanye nokuqulwa kwezindaba kwamakomiti
  • Izindaba ezikhuluma ngemisebenzi yemihlangano
  • Izinhlangano ezingakhethi ezilandela ukuvota nemisebenzi yenhlangano
  • Imithombo yezindaba yendawo ehlanganisa imisebenzi yesifunda sommeleli wakho

Ukuhileleka Ngaphandle Kokukhazimula

Kunezindlela eziningi zokuhlangana neNdlu yabameleli ngaphandle kokuphonsa ifomu lokuvota:

  • Zibophelele emikhankasweni yabazobhapathizwa enibasekelayo
  • Yiba khona emihlanganweni yasehholo futhi ubuze imibuzo
  • Hlanganyela nezinhlangano zokuphatha izimpahla ezisebenza ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo
  • Bhala umhleli wamaphephandaba endawo izincwadi eziphathelene nezindaba zomhlangano
  • Hlela noma uhlanganyele emikhankasweni yokukhangisa ngotshani
  • Fundisa abanye ngendlela iziKhongolo ezisebenza ngayo nokuthi kungani kubalulekile
  • Cabanga ngokuzifunela wena ngokwakho isikhundla noma ngokusekela abanye abakwenzayo

Ukuqonda Irekhodi Lommeleli Wakho

Ukuze ummeleli wakho alandise, kudingeka uqonde umlando wabo nendlela ovumelana ngayo nezindinganiso zakho nezinto eziza kuqala.

Amarekhodi Agqamile

Irekhodi lokuvota lommeleli wakho litholakala ngeKhomishane.gov nangezinye izingosi zokulandelela. La marekhodi abonisa indlela ummeleli wakho avota ngayo kunoma yiliphi ivoti elibhaliwe, akuvumela ukuba ubone ukuthi izenzo zabo ziyavumelana yini nolimi lwawo.

Lapho uhlola amarekhodi okuvota, cabangela kokubili amavoti emithetho emikhulu kanye nezindlela zokuvota jikelele. Ezinye izinhlangano ziqoqa izingqwembe eziphawula izibalo ezisekelwe kumavoti azo ezindabeni ezibalulekile enhlanganweni, nakuba lamakhadi abonisa izinto eziza kuqala enhlanganweni futhi angase angavumelani nezakho.

Ukusebenzisa Imali Ngokushintshwa Nokuzitika Ngomzimba

Abameleli babonisa izinto eziza kuqala ngezimali abazixhasayo nabaxhasi. Ukubhalisa isikweleti kusho ukuthi ummeleli ungumlobi oyinhloko nongumlweli womthetho. Ukukhomba kubonisa ukusekela omunye umthetho welungu. Ukulandelela umthetho wommeleli wakho oxhasweyo nogunyaziwe kunikeza ukuqonda ngezimiso zabo eziza kuqala nemisebenzi yemithetho.

Umsebenzi Wekomiti

Umsebenzi omningi wommeleli wenziwa kumakomiti, lapho umsebenzi wesimiso oningiliziwe ungenziwa khona ngaphandle kokukhangwa amavoti asesitezini. Ukuqonda izabelo zekomiti yommeleli wakho nomsebenzi wawo emakomitini akhuluma nakubaphathi kunikeza umbono ogcwele wokuphumelela kwawo nezinto eziza kuqala.

Ikusasa Lokumelelwa Kwendlu

Njengoba iMelika iqhubeka iguquka, kanjalo neNdlu Yabameleli iyoshintsha, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nethonya lezombangazwe elishintshayo kuyothonya indlela iNdlu esebenza ngayo nendlela emelela ngayo abantu baseMelika.

Izinguquko Zesimo Somzimba

I-Melika iya ihlukahluka kakhulu, futhi lendlu ibonakalisa lolu shintsho kancane kancane. Abesifazane abayikhulu namashumi amahlanu nanhlanu bakhonza eMkhandlwini we-19: 129, kuhlanganise nezihambeli ezine, ne 26 eSigeqeni. Indlu futhi ihlanganisa inani elandayo lezinhlanga ezincane nabezinhlanga abambalwa, nakuba ukumelelwa kusakhohla kakhulu emphakathini wonke.

Lokhu kushintsha kwenani labantu kushintsha izimpikiswano zezindaba ze-Congress kanye nemibono elethwa ezimpikiswaneni zemithetho. Njengoba i House iba ummeleli wezinhlobonhlobo zaseMelika, ingaba ehlonyiswe kangcono ukubhekana nezidingo nezinkathazo zabo bonke abantu baseMelika.

Ubuchwepheshe nophawu

Ubuchwepheshe bushintsha indlela abameleli abaxhumana ngayo nabantu abazimele nendlela izakhamuzi ezisebenzelana ngayo nohulumeni wazo. Izokuxhumana, i - video egunyaza i - video, namathuluzi okuxhumana ngemishini yemishini kuye kwenza kwaba lula ngabameleli ukuba bathintane nabameleli babo futhi bafinyele ngokushesha abantu abaningi.

Nokho, ubuchwepheshe buletha izinselele, kusukela ekusakazeni ukwaziswa okunganembile kuya ekukhathazekeni ngezindaba zomuntu siqu nokulondeka.Indlu iyaqhubeka ivumelanisa imithetho nemikhuba yayo ukuze ilungise lezi zinguquko zobuchwepheshe kuyilapho ilondoloza isimo esilula salenhlangano.

Izikhangiso Zenguquko

Izihlongozo ezihlukahlukene zokulungisa inhloso yendlu yokusingatha izinselele zamanje nokuthuthukisa ukuma kwabantu. Lezi zihlanganisa:

  • Ukwenyusa ubukhulu bendlu ukuze uthuthukise ukumelelwa kwayo
  • Ukulungisa inqubo yokulungisa izakhi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhlinzwa
  • Ukushintsha imithetho yezimali yenkani ukuze kuncishiswe ithonya lemali kwezombangazwe
  • Ukulungisa imithetho yasekhaya ukuze kukhuthazwe ukubambisana ne - bipartisan
  • Ukuqinisa izisebenzi zezinhlangano nezinhlangano zokusekela
  • Ukubekela abameleli noma izihlalo zamakomiti imingcele yesikhathi esithile

Nakuba lezi ziphakamiso zidala impikiswano, noma iziphi izinguquko ezinkulu zibhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu kwezombangazwe neziwusizo.

Isiphetho: Izwi Lakho Embusweni Wentando Yeningi

Indlu yabameleli ingaphezu nje kwenhlangano kahulumeni − iyinqubo eyinhloko amaMelika avamile angathonya ngayo inkambiso kahulumeni futhi abeke uhulumeni wawo icala. Ummeleli wakho usebenza njengezwi lakho eWashington, esekela izifiso zakho, ekhuluma ngezinkathazo zakho, futhi asebenzela ukuthuthukisa izimiso ezizuzisa umphakathi wakho.

Ukuqonda indlela i House esebenza ngayo, indlela abameleli abakhethwa ngayo, nendlela ongasebenza ngayo nommeleli wakho kukunika amandla okuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo embusweni wentando yeningi waseMelika. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthintana nommeleli wakho ngempikiswano ethile, ukuvota kokhetho, noma ukuhlala nje waziswe ngemisebenzi yesivumelwano, izindaba zakho zokuthembisana.

Abakhi boMthetho-sisekelo baklama lendlu ukuba isabelele kubantu, ngokukhetha njalo nangokumelela abantu okusekelwe ezakhamuzini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi leligumbi lihlala linesibopho ezakhamuzini. Nokho, lomklamo usebenza kuphela lapho izakhamuzi zihlanganyela ngentshiseko enqubweni yentando yeningi. Ngokusebenzisa amalungelo akho nemithwalo yemfanelo njengesekela, usiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi iNdlu yabameleli imelela abantu baseMelika ngempela.

Idemokrasi ayiwona umdlalo oyisibukeli. Isilinganiso sokumelelwa kwakho eMkhayeni sixhomeke kakhulu ekuzimiseleni kwakho ukuthatha isinyathelo, ukwenza izwi lakho lizwe, nokunika ummeleli wakho icala. Sebenzisa amathuba amaningi otholakalayo ukuba uhlanganyele kulenhlangano yentando yeningi ebalulekile, futhi ukhuthaze abanye ukuba benze okufanayo. Ikusasa lentando yeningi yaseMelika lixhomeke ekufuneni kwakho ukuba isakhamuzi esithatha indima yaso ngokungathi sína ekuzilawuleni kwakho siqu.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngendlu yabameleli nendlela yokuxhumana nommeleli wakho, vakashela ingosi yendlu esemthethweni e www.house.gov noma uhlole imithombo yemfundo ekhompyutheni .gov.