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Ukuqonda Ingqungquthela Yase - United States: Izwi Lakho Kuhulumeni Kahulumeni Kahulumeni

I-United States Congress ingenye yezindikimba zemithetho ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni, isebenza njengesisekelo sesimiso sokubusa ngentando yeningi kwaseMelika nezwi eliyinhloko labantu kuhulumeni kahulumeni. Njengoba igatsha lomthetho limiswe yiSiphakamiso I soMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S., iKhongolo inomthwalo wemfanelo oyisisekelo wokwakha imithetho ebusa isizwe sethu, imelela izithakazelo ezihlukene zamaMelika angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-30, futhi inikeza ukuqondisa okubalulekile kwegatsha eliphethe ukuze lilondoloze ukulinganisela okubucayi kwamandla okucatshangelwa yi-Fathering Evectings.

Kubalulekile ngempela ngezakhamuzi ezifuna ukuqonda ukuthi uhulumeni wazo usebenza kanjani nokuthi zingawezwa kanjani amazwi azo, ziqonde isimo, izinqubo, nezinqubo zoMkhandlu. lolu lwazi lunikeza amandla okuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo nezikhulu zazo ezikhethiwe, zihlanganyele ngokunenjongo enqubweni yentando yeningi, futhi zibeke abameleli bazo icala ngezinqumo ezithinta ukuphila kwazo kwansuku zonke, imiphakathi, nekusasa lesizwe.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumvoti wokuqala, umshisekeli wezombangazwe onolwazi, noma umuntu ofuna ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi umthetho kahulumeni uthinta kanjani ukuphila kwakho, lo mqondisi obanzi uzokuhamba kukho konke okudinga ukwazi ngokuthi uMkhandlu ukumelela kanjani nokuthi ungahlanganyela kanjani ngentshiseko ekulolongeni izimiso ezibusa izwe lethu.

Isakhiwo SaseBiadral: Izigungu Ezimbili, Ingqungquthela Eyodwa

I-United States Congress isebenza ngaphansi kwesimiso se-bamaral, okusho ukuthi inezingosi ezimbili ezihlukene: indlu yabameleli neSigele. Lesi sakhiwo esimbambo esibili asidalwanga ngengozi kodwa sabangelwa ukucabangisisa nokuhlehla phakathi noMhlangano woMthetho-sisekelo ka-1787, oklanyelwe ukulinganisela izithakazelo zomabili amazwe amakhulu namancane kuyilapho unikeza izingqimba eziningi zokuhlela umthetho ohlongozwayo.

Indlu yabameleli: Isigungu sabantu

Indlu yabameleli, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi "indlu Yesizwe," inamalungu angu-435 okuvota asebenzisa amagama amabili. Ukumelelwa kwendlu kusekelwe ezakhamuzini, izincazelo zezindawo ezinabantu abaningi zinemimelelo eminingi kunezifunda ezinabantu abambalwa. Lokhu kumelelwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo ezinezakhamuzi eziningi zinezwi elinamandla kakhulu kumthetho kahulumeni.

Ummeleli ngamunye ukhonza isifundazwe esithile sesifundazwe sakubo, imingcele yesifunda iphinde iphinde itholakale ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi yokubalwa kwabantu kwesizwe ukuze kuqashelwe ukushintshwa kwenani labantu. ICalifornia, njengoba isifundazwe esinabantu abaningi kakhulu, manje sinabameleli abangu - 52, kuyilapho izifundazwe ezinjengeWyoming, iVermont, neAlaska ngayinye inemumeleli oyedwa kuphela okhonza kulelozwe lonke.

Indlu inemibuso eminingana ekhethekile eyihlukanisa neSigele. Zonke izikweleti zemali kumelwe zivele eNdlu, zinike legumbi igunya eliyinhloko lokukhokha intela nemali echithwa uhulumeni. Indlu futhi inamandla okuphela kokuqalisa ukuqunga ukwahlulela izikhulu zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise noMongameli, nakuba iSigele siqhuba icala langempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kungekho mongameli othola amavoti amaningi, iNdlu ikhetha uMongameli, ngokuvota okukodwa kweqembu ngalinye lombuso.

USpeaker weNdlu, okhethwe amalungu eNdlu, ukhonza njengesikhulu sengamele futhi ungowesibili ohlwini lobumongameli lokulandelana, ngemva koMongameli oyisekela. Lesisikhundla sinethonya elikhulu ezimisweni zomthetho, izabelo zamakomiti, nokugeleza komthetho egumbini.

ISigele: Isibonakaliso Esilinganayo Sawo Wonke Umbuso

ISigele sinamalungu ayikhulu, futhi isifundazwe ngasinye sikhetha izinyunyana ezimbili ngempela kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingangaphi inani labantu. Lokhu kumelelwa okulinganayo kwaklanyelwe ukuvikela izithakazelo zezifunda ezincane nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zilondoloza ithonya elikhulu enqubweni yomthetho. Abaqondisi basebenzisa izimpawu zeminyaka eyisithupha, cishe nesithathu seSigele esiphezulu sokhetho njalo eminyakeni emibili, kunikeza ukuqhubekeka nenkumbulo yenhlangano.

Imibandela emide yeSigele kanye nemithetho yaso yonke yayihloselwe ukuyenza ibe umzimba owehlisayo, ovikeleke kakhulu ezifisweni ezisheshayo zombono womphakathi. Abaqondisi kulindeleke ukuba bathathe umbono obanzi, othatha isikhathi eside kakhulu wezindaba zesimiso, bacabangele hhayi izidingo ezisheshayo zabameleli babo kodwa futhi nezithakazelo zesikhathi eside zesizwe sisonke.

ISigele sinamagunya amaningana akhethekile alingana nalawo endlu. ISigele kumelwe sinikeze "imvume nemvume" ekumiseni umongameli, kuhlanganise namalungu eKhabhinethi, amajaji kahulumeni, namajaji eNkantolo ePhakeme. ISigele kumelwe futhi sivumele zonke izivumelwano ezixoxwe yigatsha eliphethe, ezidinga ivoti eyizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSigele sithatha ukuqunga, ngevotelelwa okudingwayo okudingwa ukuvunyelwa nokususwa kwehhovisi.

Umongameli oyisekela we-United States ukhonza njengoMongameli weSigele kodwa angavota kuphela ukuze aphule izibopho. Ekungekhoni kukaMongameli ongumsekeli, uMongameli uPro Tempore, ngokwesiko ilungu leqembu elikhulu elinolwazi olude kunalo lonke, uqondisa iziteshi zeSigele.

Indlela Abameleli Bakho Abavezwa Ngayo

Ukuqonda inqubo yokukhetha yamalungu eSishaya - mthetho kubalulekile ezakhamuzini ezifuna ukuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo ekukhetheni abameleli bazo. Izimiso zokukhetha zeNdlu Nezigele zihluka ngezindlela ezibalulekile, zibonisa izindima zazo ezihlukile zomthetho - sisekelo nezimiso ezihlukahlukene ezizifezayo.

Izindawo zokukhetha: Umfuziselo wesigodi-osekelwe

Amalungu endlu akhethwa ezifundeni zesifunda esisodwa ngesimiso sokuqala se-stestep, lapho umbhalisa othola amavoti amaningi ewina khona isihlalo. Njalo eminyakeni emibili, zonke izihlalo zendlu ezingu-435 zilungele ukhetho, okwenza ukuba indlu ithathe inguquko kakhulu ekuboneni umphakathi nasemikhubeni yezombangazwe yamanje.

Izifunda ze-Congressionional zidonswa izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni ezifunda kakhulu, nakuba ezinye izifundazwe ziye zamisa amakhomishane azimele okuhlela ukunciphisa i-gerrymanidering ehlukanisayo. Inqubo yokufaka ubomvu okwenzeka ngemva kokubalwa kwabantu okungathatha isikhathi eside iye yaqala ukuphikisana kakhulu, njengoba iqembu elilawula i-partimen commental methodol lingase libeke imingcele yesifunda ukuze libonise izakhamuzi zabo, umkhuba owaziwa ngokuthi i-gerrymaning.

Ukuze babalekele iNdlu Yabameleli, abazobhapathizwa kumelwe babe neminyaka okungenani engu - 25 ubudala, babeyizakhamuzi zaseU.S. okungenani iminyaka engu - 7, futhi babe isakhamuzi sombuso abafisa ukuwumelela (nakuba kungesona isifunda esiqondile).

Ukukhethwa Kwesigele: Ukuphikisana Kwamazwe Ahlukahlukene

Abameleli bakhethwa ngokhetho lwezwe lonke, okusho ukuthi kumelwe babhece kubo bonke uhulumeni wabo kunokuba babe isifunda esiqondile. Ngenxa yokuthi izinkulumo zeSishayamthetho ezithathe iminyaka eyisithupha futhi ziyashaqeka, cishe isihlalo esisodwa kuphela sesithathu seSishaya-mthetho sincintiswa kunoma imuphi umjikelezo wokhetho, unikeza ukuzinza okukhulu nokuqhubeka egumbini.

Abazothatha iSigele kumelwe babe neminyaka engu-30 ubudala, babe isakhamuzi sase-U.S. okungenani iminyaka engu-9, futhi babe isakhamuzi sombuso abafisa ukuwamelela. Izimfuneko zobukhulu nezobuzwe ziveza inhloso yabasunguli ukuba iSigele sibe umzimba ovuthiwe, onokuhlangenwe nakho.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, abameli babengakhethwa ngokuqondile abantu. Kuze kube yilapho kuqalwa ukumiswa kweSichibiyelo seSevententh ngo1913, izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zakhetha izinyunyana ze-senamente, ngokuvamile ezaziholela ekonaleni nasekufeni. Inkambo yokulungisa yaphawula ukwanda okuphawulekayo kokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi kuhulumeni waseMelika.

Inqubo Yomthetho: Indlela Amabhuloho Aba Ngayo Imithetho

Ukuqonda indlela umthetho ohamba ngayo ngeSishaya - mthetho kubalulekile ezakhamuzini ezifuna ukuthonya isimiso. Le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi ngamabomu, futhi kunezikhombo eziningi eziklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kucatshangelwe kahle futhi kuvinjelwe imithetho ecatshangelwayo ukuba ingamiswa ngokuphamazela noma ngokungafanele.

Ukubukeza Kwesingeniso Nekomiti

Noma iliphi ilungu leSishaya-mthetho lingase limise isikweleti, nakuba kungamalungu endlu kuphela angangenisa izikweletu zemali. Uma sekuqala, amafomu afanele afakwe kumakomiti afanele asekelwe endabeni yawo. La makomiti asebenza njengesefo sokuqala enqubweni yomthetho, futhi izikweletu eziningi zifa ekomitini zingatholanga vhoti phansi.

AmaKomiti aqunga imicimbi lapho ochwepheshe, abagcini bezimali, nabathathi-mdlalo bengafaka khona ubufakazi ngemiphumela engenzeka. Amalungu amakomiti aphikisana ngenzuzo yemali, ukuhlongoza, futhi ekugcineni avote ukuthi angayithumela yini egumbini eligcwele ukuze ahlolwe. Le simiso sekomiti sivumela amalungu ukuba athuthukise ubuchwepheshe ezindaweni ezithile ezikhethekile futhi anikeze amathuba okuhlola ngokuningiliziwe umthetho oyinkimbinkimbi.

Impikiswano Nemisebenzi Yokucula Eyindawo Ezungezile

Uma isikweleti sikwenza ungabikho ekomitini, siqhubekela phansi ukuze kuqhutshwe impikiswano futhi kuvotiwe. Ingxoxo yemithetho elawula isitezi esisesitezi iyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwendlu neSigele. Endluni, iKomiti yeMithetho ibeka imingcele eqinile yesikhathi engxoxweni futhi inquma ukuthi ikuphi ukubuyiselwa okunganikezwa, ivumela iningi ukuba lilondoloze ukulawula ngokuqinile inqubo yokushaya umthetho.

ISigele sisebenza ngaphansi kwemithetho evumelana kakhulu nemithetho enikeza abasizi-mfashini amandla amakhulu okuthonya noma ukubambezela umthetho. Abashicileli bangakhuluma isikhathi esingapheli ngaphandle kokuba ivoti iphele impikiswano, futhi banganikeza izinguquko cishe kunoma isiphi isihloko, ngisho noma ingavumelani nemithetho eyisisekelo. I-filibbuster, icebo lezentengiselwano lapho abaxhasi befaka khona impikiswano ukuze bavimbele ukuvota, idinga amavoti angu-60 ukuba anqobe, inikeza iqembu elincane inzuzo.

Uma uqwembe lwemali ludlula kwelinye igumbi, lapho yonke lenqubo iqala khona futhi.

Isenzo Sobumongameli

Uma amagumbi esedlula izinombolo zemali ezifanayo, iya kuMongameli, onezindlela eziningi zokukhetha. UMongameli angasayina incwadi engokomthetho, ayikhiphele futhi ayibuyisele eSishaya - mthetho ngaphandle kokuphikisa, noma angathathi nyathelo. Uma uMongameli engathathi nyathelo ngesikhathi uMkhandlu uqhubeka, imvume ivele ibe umthetho ngemva kwezinsuku eziyishumi. Nokho, uma iSishaya-Mnyango sifaka isibambiso phakathi naleyo nkathi yezinsuku eziyishumi futhi uMongameli engasayinanga, ifa kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-pocket"veto."

ISivumelwano singadlula i-veto ephethe umongameli ngokuvota okungama-3 amabili kuwo womabili amakamu, nakuba lokhu kungavamile ngenxa yomnyango ophezulu ofunekayo. Le-veto eweqisa amandla imelela ukuhlola okubalulekile egunyeni eliphethe futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi uMkhandlu ugcina amandla omthetho okugcina.

Amakomiti Enhlangano: Lapho Umsebenzi Wangempela Wenzeka Khona

Nakuba amavoti aphansi nezimpikiswano zidonsa ukunaka kwemithombo yezindaba, umsebenzi omningi wesiphakamiso soMkhandlu uyenzeka emakomitini nasezindaweni ezingaphansi. Lamaqembu amancane avumela amalungu ukuba afunde ezicini ezithile zemithetho, aqhube uphenyo oluningi, futhi akhiphe umthetho wezobuciko osekelwe kochwepheshe nakwabafaki-mthetho.

Izinhlobo Zamakomiti

Amakomiti amisayo ayizindikimba ezihlala njalo ezigxile ezindaweni ezithile zenqubo ezinjengokulima, izinkonzo zezikhali, imfundo, amandla, izindaba zakwamanye amazwe, amajaji, kanye nokuthutha. Lamakomiti aphatha umsebenzi omkhulu wemithetho futhi aqhube ukuqondisa izinhlangano zegatsha eziphethe ezisezindaweni zawo.

Khetha noma amakomiti akhethekile[ ayimikhakha yesikhashana edalelwe ukuphenya ngezindaba ezithile noma ukuqhuba izifundo ezikhethekile. Lamakomiti ngokuvamile awanalo igunya lomthetho kodwa angabamba ukuqulwa kwecala, akhiphe imibiko ethonya umbono womphakathi nomthetho wesikhathi esizayo.

[ amakomiti angenayo ahlanganisa amalungu avela kokubili endlu naseSigeqeni futhi agxile kakhulu ezindabeni zokuphatha noma ezifundweni kunokucabangela umthetho. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-Joint Economic Committee ne Komiti ehlangeneyo yeTaxisa.

[ Amakomiti e-Conference angamakomiti ahlangene akhiwe ukuze kuhlangane umehluko phakathi kwendlu neSigele somthetho ofanayo, kukhiqizwa inguquko eyekethisayo engavotela kuwo womabili amagumbi.

Izabelo Zamakomiti Namandla

Izabelo zamakomiti zifunwa kakhulu ngoba zinquma ukuthi yiziphi izimpikiswano amalungu angathonya ngokuqondile futhi yimaphi amaqembu enzalo namalungu angawasebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo. Ukulawula izabelo zekomiti yokuhola kweqembu, ukuzisebenzisa ukuvuza ukwethembeka, ukuhlalisa amalungu athandayo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amakomiti abonisa isakhiwo seqembu ngalinye.

Izihlalo zamakomiti zinamandla amakhulu, zilawula uhlelo lwekomiti, zinqume ukuthi iziphi izikweleti ezithola ukuthethwa kwecala, futhi yiziphi izimpahla eziqondisa izisebenzi zekomiti nempahla. Izihlalo ngokuvamile zingamalungu aphezulu kakhulu eqembu ngalinye, nakuba umholi weqembu angadlula phambili uma kudingekile.

Indlela Ingqungquthela Emelela Ngayo Izithakazelo Zakho

Ukuqonda lezi zici ezihlukahlukene zokumelela kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde izinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi abameleli bazo ababhekana nazo nezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezingathonya ngazo isinyathelo sobuhlanga.

Ukumelela Imithetho

Uhlobo olubonakala kakhulu lomfanekiso lwenzeka ngokuvota emthetho. Amalungu kumelwe anqume ukuthi avote ngokuthanda kwamalungu awo, isahlulelo sabo siqu ngokuthi yini engcono kakhulu ezweni, isikhundla seqembu labo, noma inhlanganisela yalezi zici. Lokhu kuphikisana phakathi kokwenza njenge "delegate" emane nje ibonise umbono womthetho ozimele kanye "nommeli" osebenzisa isahlulelo esizimele ubekhona kusukela ekusungulweni kwedemokrati.

Amalungu amelela futhi amalungu awo ngokuxhasa nokuhlela umthetho okhuluma ngezindaba ezibalulekile ezifundeni noma ezizweni zawo. Nakuba izikweleti eziningi zingabi umthetho, ukumisa umthetho kuvumela amalungu ukuba abonise ukuzinikela kwawo ezimpathwini ezithile futhi akhe izibopho ezihlangene ngemiqondo yezimiso.

Izinkonzo Eziwusizo

Ngaphandle kokwenza umthetho, amalungu eSishaya-mthetho nezisebenzi zawo bachitha isikhathi esiningi besiza abameleli ukuba baqondise izikhulu zikahulumeni futhi baxazulule izinkinga zezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Lo "umsebenzi" ungahlanganisa ukusiza izikhulu zikamakade, ukusiza ngezindaba ze-Social Security noma ze-Medicare, ukuxazulula izindaba zokufuduka, noma ukuxazulula izinkinga zezinhlangano zikahulumeni.

Amahhovisi e-Congress asiza futhi abameleli nezinhlangano ezilondekile ezigunyazwe uhulumeni, ukuqondisa inqubo, nokuqonda indlela izimiso zikahulumeni ezibathinta ngayo. Nakuba lo msebenzi ungasaphathwa yizihloko eziphambili, uyigugu kakhulu kubantu abamelelwe futhi usiza amalungu alondoloze ukuxhumana okuqinile nabantu abamele.

Ukugada Nokuphenya

Ingqungquthela iqondisa umsebenzi wayo ngokuhlola indlela izinhlangano zamagatsha eziphethe ezimisa ngayo imithetho, ukuphenya ububi obungase bube khona, nokuphatha izikhalo ukuze kuhlolwe izindaba ezibalulekile. Le ndima yokwengamela isebenza njengenhlolo enzima ekwakheni igunya lokubusa futhi isiza ukuba izinhlangano zikahulumeni zihlale zinesibopho sokulandisa kubameleli babantu.

Ngezindaba zamakomiti, ukuhlola, namandla okunikeza izincwadi zomthetho kanye nofakazi, uMkhandlu ungakhanyisa inqubo kahulumeni, udalule izinkinga, futhi udalule izinhlangano ezicindezelayo ukuze zishintshe imikhuba yazo. Le nkonzo yokuqondisa imelela indlela ebalulekile yokuvikela izithakazelo ezihlanganyelwe ngisho nalapho zingagunyaziwe.

Ukukhulumisana Nemfundo

Ukumelelwa okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwamalungu namalungu awo. Amalungu asebenzisa imikhondo ehlukahlukene ukuze ahlale elwazile ngezinkinga zomphakathi futhi achaze izikhundla nezenzo zawo. Imihlangano yehholo ledolobha, amahholo ehhovisi lesigodi, amaphephandaba, imithombo yezokuxhumana, kanye nokubonakala kwezezindaba okungokwesiko konke kusiza ekulondolozeni lokhu kuxhumana okubalulekile okuhamba ngendlela emibili.

Amalungu asebenzela futhi ukufundisa iziqeshana ngezindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi zezimiso, ezisiza ukuba ziqonde ukuthi umthetho kahulumeni ungakuthinta kanjani ukuphila kwazo nemiphakathi. Lendima yemfundo ibaluleka kakhulu lapho kuxoxwa ngezindaba zobuchwepheshe noma eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingatholakali kakhulu emithonjeni yezindaba.

Indima Yezidili Zezombangazwe Emkhandlwini

Nakuba uMthetho-sisekelo ungakhulumi ngamaqembu ezombangazwe, kuye kwaba yisisekelo sendlela iziKhomishane ezisebenza ngayo. Ukuzihlanganisa neQembu kuhlela izabelo zamakomiti, izikhundla zobuholi, izindlela zokuvota, kanye nokuhlelwa kwemithetho yemithetho. Ukuqonda kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni indlela uMkhandlu osebenza ngayo.

Ukuhola Nenhlangano Yeqembu

Iqembu ngalinye kuwo womabili amakamu likhetha abaholi abahlela izinhlelo zomthetho, balawule iziteshi ze-tem, futhi bakhonze njengabakhulumeli bomphakathi. Endlini, iningi likhetha iSpeaker, kuyilapho kokubili kukhetha iningi nabaholi abambalwa neziswebhu ezisebenzela ukwakha ukusekela izikhundla zeqembu labo futhi livote ngaphambi kokuba umthetho obalulekile ufike phansi.

ISigele esikhulu nabaholi abambalwa benza indima efanayo yokuhlela, nakuba imithetho yeSigele sinikeza izinyunyana ngabanye inkululeko engcono kunaleyo amalungu endlu ayijabulelayo. Abaholi beqembu balawula imithombo eyigugu, kuhlanganise izabelo zamakomiti, ukusekela, nokuthola izikhundla zobuholi, kubanike amandla aphawulekayo kunamalungu esigaba nawamafayela.

Ithonya Leqembu Ekukhazimuleni

Ukuzihlanganisa neqembu kuyithonya kakhulu indlela amalungu avota ngayo, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni eziphezulu zokukhetha. Ubunye beqembu buye banda ngokuphawulekayo emashumini eminyaka amuva, futhi amalungu eqembu lawo evota neqembu lawo engokomthetho omkhulu. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kubonisa ukukhethwa kwabavoti ezinhlanganweni ezivumelanayo nezinqumo ezihlelelwe abaholi beqembu ukuze bagcizelele ukungafani kweqembu elilawulayo.

Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi amalungu ayazihlukanisa nedili lawo, ikakhulukazi lapho izikhundla zeqembu zingqubuzana nezinkolelo zawo. Amalungu ezifunda noma amazwe ngokuvamile abhekene nokucindezela kokubonisa ukuzimela eqenjini lawo ukuze anxuse abavoti abalinganiselayo.

Amandla Nemithwalo Yemfanelo Yebandla

UMthetho-sisekelo unikeza iSishaya-mthetho iqoqo elikhulu lemibuso edlulela ngalé kokushaya imithetho. Lemibuso yenza iSishaya-mthetho sibe igatsha likahulumeni elilinganayo futhi inikeza iziphetho ezibalulekile egunyeni eliphethe nelahluleli.

Amandla Okushaya Indiva

UKhomishane uphethe amandla okukhokha izintela ze-levy, ukuboleka imali, ukulawula ibhizinisi eliphakathi kwezwe nakwamanye amazwe, imali, ukumisa amahhovisi eposi, ukunikeza izimvume nemvume yokugunyaza, ukumemezela impi, ukuphakamisa nokusekela amabutho, futhi wenze yonke imithetho "edingekile nefanele" yokukhipha amandla ayo omthetho-sisekelo. Lamandla ahlelwayo, ahlangene "odingekile nofanelekile" umsuka, anika uKhongolo igunya elikhulu phezu kwesimiso sasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.

Amandla Okuthenga

Enye yemibuso ebaluleke kakhulu yeSishaya-Mkhandlu ukulawula imali kahulumeni. Ayikho imali engathathwa kuBeki yemali ngaphandle kokudluliswa umthetho, inikeza uMkhandlu igunya lokuphelela ngokwezimali kahulumeni. Le "igunya lesikhwama" linikeza ithuluzi elikhulu phezu kwegatsha eliphethe, njengoba amanxusa exhomeke ekusebenziseni kwe-computerropria.

Inqubo yokuhlelwa kwemali nohlelo lwezinhlelo zaminyaka yonke ihlanganisa izinyathelo eziningi, kuhlanganise nesiphakamiso sohlelo lwemali soMongameli, izinqumo zenhlangano yokuhlela ukuhlelwa kwemali ehlangene ukumisa amazinga emali emali, kanye nokunikeza izicelo zezikweleti zezimali ezixhasa izinhlangano ezithile nezinhlelo. Uma i-Congress noMongameli bengenakuvumelana ngemali, ukuvinjelwa kukahulumeni kungavela, kuqokomisa ukubaluleka kwalamandla engqungquthela.

Amandla Empi

UMthetho-sisekelo unikeza iKhomishane amandla okumemezela impi, ukuphakamisa nokusekela amabutho, futhi wenze imithetho ebusa amabutho ezempi. Nokho, indima kaMongameli njengoMphathi eNkosi iye yaholela ekucindezelekeni okuqhubekayo ngemibuso yempi, kanye namakhosi avame ukwenza amabutho ezempi ngaphandle kokukhipha izimemezelo ezingokomthetho zempi.

I - War Powers Resolution ka - 1973 yazama ukubuyisela igunya lobungqungquthela ngokufuna ukuba uMongameli azise uMkhandlu phakathi namahora angu - 48 ekwenza amabutho ahlomile futhi akhiphe amabutho phakathi nezinsuku ezingu - 60 ngaphandle kokuba uMkhandlu ugunyaze ukuqhubekeka kwempi. Nokho, izimpikiswano ngokulinganisela okufanelekile kwemibuso yempi phakathi kweSishaya - mthetho noMongameli zisaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla.

Ukuqinisekiswa Nemibuso Yesivumelwano

Amandla esiGabelo okuqinisekisa ukumiswa komongameli nesivumelwano se-rafy anikeza itshelo elibalulekile kumphathi ophethe. Ukuqinisekiswa kuvumela abameleli ukuba bahlole izimfanelo zabaqondisi, bahlole imibono yabo ezindabeni ezibalulekile, futhi balahle labo ababhekwa njengabangafanele. Izimpi zokuqinisekisa eziphezulu ezinkantolo eziPhakeme nezindawo ezinamajaji eziphethe zibonisa ukubaluleka kwaleli gunya.

Isivumelwano sokuhlanganisa sidinga inani elikhulu lesithathu seSigele, umnyango ophakeme onikeza iqembu elincane ithonya elikhulu enkambisweni yakwamanye amazwe. Ngezinye izikhathi abameli bagwema lemfuneko ngokuhlela izivumelwano zezikhulu ezingadingi ukuvunyelwa kweSishaya-mthetho, nakuba lezi zivumelwano zingashintshwa abaholi besikhathi esizayo.

Indlela Yokuxhumana Nabameleli Bakho

Izakhamuzi eziphumelelayo ezithembisene ngokubambisana noKhongolose ziqala ngokwazi ukuthi zingathintana kanjani nabameleli bakho futhi uzwakale.

Ukuthola Abameleli Bakho

Ngaphambi kokuba uthintane nabameleli bakho, kudingeka wazi ukuthi bangobani. Ungathola ummeleli weNdlu yakho ngokungena ekhophini yakho ye-zip Indlu yewebhusayithi yabameleli. Abalinganisi bakho bamelela izwe lakho lonke, ukuze ubathole ngokukhetha isimo sakho kuwebhusayithi ye- [[FLT]] SATE].

Izindlela Zokukhulumisana

Izingcingo zocingo zilokhu zingezinye zezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuxhumana namahhovisi enhlangano. Ilungu ngalinye lilondoloza kokubili iWashington, D.C. namahhovisi esifunda noma isifunda esinezinombolo zocingo ezisohlwini lwawo olusemthethweni. Uma ubiza, kulungiselelwe ukunikeza igama lakho nekheli ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungowoMhlangani, sho kafushane ukuma kwakho ekhokhwameni, bese ucela ilungu ukuba lithathe isinyathelo esithile.

Izincwadi ezihambelanayo[, noma ngeposi noma nge-imeyili, zikuvumela ukuba unikeze izimpikiswano nokwaziswa okwengeziwe. Izinhlamvu kufanele zibe zifingqa, zigxile kumagazini owodwa, zisho ngokucacile ukuma kwakho, futhi zihlanganise nokwaziswa kwakho kokuthintana. Nakuba i-imeyili ishesha, abanye izisebenzi ze-commistrationnion umbiko ukuthi izinhlamvu zithola ukunakwa kakhulu ngoba zidinga umzamo owengeziwe wokuthumela.

Emihlanganweni e-perperson emahhovisi esifunda noma esifundazwe kunikeza amathuba ezingxoxo ezingaphansi kakhulu. Nakuba ukuhlangana ngokuqondile nommeleli wakho kungase kube nzima ngenxa yezimiso zabo ezimatasa, ukuhlangana namalungu ezisebenzi asebenza ngezindawo ezithile zesimiso esithile kungazuzisa kakhulu. Lamalungu ezisebenzi ngokuvamile anethonya elikhulu ezikhundleni zomphathi wawo futhi azisa ukuzwa ngokuqondile kuma-oplunters afundile.

Imithombo yezindaba isiye yaba umzila wokuxhumana obaluleke kakhulu, amalungu amaningi eqhubeka esebenza ngokushiseka kwe-Twitter, Facebook, ne-Instagram. Nakuba izikhungo zomphakathi zingathola ukunakekela okuncane kunezokuxhumana okuqondile, zingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukucindezela komphakathi ezindabeni futhi zibonise ububanzi benkinga ye-athority.

Ukwenza Ukukhulumisana Kwakho Kuphumelele

Ukuze uthuthukise ithonya lezokuxhumana zakho, gxila ezindabeni lapho unokuhlangenwe nakho noma ubuchwepheshe, uzibonakalise ngokucacile njengomunye, zichaze ngokuqondile ukuthi isiphi isinyathelo ofuna ummeleli wakho asithathe, futhi uhlale uhlonipha ngisho nalapho ungavumelani. izisebenzi zomphakathi zithambekele ngokwengeziwe ekuthatheni ngokungathi sína ukuxhumana okunengqondo, okunokwaziswa nomphakathi.

Ukuxoxa nabameleli bakho ngaphambi kwamavoti ayinhloko noma phakathi nezigaba zokuqala zezimpikiswano ezingokomthetho kubenza bavumelane ngokwengeziwe nokusabela ezimkhathazayo. Ukuxhumana okufika ngemva kwezinqumo zenziwe akunathonya elitheni, nakuba kusathinta izikhundla zesikhathi esizayo.

Izindlela Zokuhileleka Ngokuzikhandla

Ngaphandle kokuxhumana nabameleli bakho, kunamathuba amaningi ezakhamuzi ukuba zihileleke ngokujule ngokwengeziwe eMkhandlwini nasenqubweni yomthetho. Ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo kuqinisa ukubusa ngentando yeningi futhi kwandise ikhono lakho lokuthonya inqubo.

Yiya Emihlanganweni YasemaHholo Nemibuthano Yeningi

Imihlangano yasedolobheni inikeza amathuba ayigugu okuzwa ngokuqondile kubameleli bakho, ubuze imibuzo, futhi uchaze imibono yakho phambi kwabantu. Lezi zenzakalo zivame ukwenzeka lapho uMkhandlu usekhefini futhi amalungu ebuyela ezifundeni noma ezifundazweni zawo. Amahholo edolobha akuvumela ukuba ubone ukuthi abameleli bakho basabela kanjani ezinkathazweni ezihlangeneyo futhi baxhumane nezinye izakhamuzi eziboshiwe emphakathini wakini.

Ukuze uthole imihlangano esemthethweni eqhutshelwa ehholo, hlola amawebhusayithi abameleli bakho, ama-akhawunti ezokuxhumana, nemithombo yezindaba yendawo. Amanye amalungu amemezela amahholo edolobha kusengaphambili, kanti amanye anikeza isaziso esifushane. Ukufika usemncane kwandisa amathuba akho okuthola indawo yokuhlala nokubizwa ukuba ubuze imibuzo.

Ukuhlanganyela Ekukhetheni

Ukuqamba okhethweni oluyinhloko noluvamile kumelela indlela eyisisekelo kakhulu yokuthonya omelelwa nguwe eMkhandlwini. Okhetho oluyinhloko, olunquma abameleli bomkhandlu ngamunye, ngokuvamile abanakwa kakhulu kunokhetho oluvamile kodwa olungaba olulinganayo noma olubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni noma ezizweni lapho kubusa khona iqembu elilodwa.

Ngaphandle kokuvota, ungavota ngokuzithandela emikhankasweni, unikele kwabazohlanganyela izindinganiso zakho, futhi usize abavoti ababhalisayo emphakathini wakini. izisebenzi zokuzithandela zenza izingcingo, zingqongqoze eminyango, zingqongqoze izenzakalo zezisebenzi, futhi zenze eminye imisebenzi eminingi esiza abazovota ukuba baxhumane nabavoti futhi bakhiphe imiyalezo yabo.

Hlanganyela Nezinhlangano Zobushiqela

Amaqembu abusayo agxila ezindabeni ezithile noma amelela izikhungo ezithile asebenzela ukuthonya ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuhlanganisa ngokukhuthaza ukuhlangana, ngokuqoqa izimpande ze-utshani, nangokufundisa umphakathi. Ukuzihlanganisa nalezi zinhlangano kuqinisa izwi lakho ngokulihlanganisa nabanye abahlanganyela izinto zakho ezikukhathazayo futhi banikeze ubuchwepheshe, imithombo, futhi bahlele amasu okusebenzisa i-odvocation.

Lezinhlangano zisukela emaqenjini amakhulu esizwe njenge American Civil Liberies Union, Sierra Club, noma National Rifle Association kuya ezinhlanganweni ezincane ezigxile ezimpikiswaneni ezithile noma emiphakathini ethile. Eziningi zinikeza ukuqapha lapho amavoti abalulekile efika, okwenza kube lula ngamalungu ukuxhumana nabameleli bawo ngezikhathi ezinzima.

Nikeza Izimpendulo Zeningi Nobufakazi

Amakomiti e-Congressional ngokuvamile amukela ubufakazi obubhaliwe namazwi omphakathi ngokuphathelene nomthetho osele ukhona noma izimpikiswano eziphenywayo. Nakuba ungacelwa ukuba ufakaze umuntu ngaphandle kokuba unolwazi oluthile noma umelele inhlangano ethile, ukunikeza ubufakazi obubhaliwe kukuvumela ukuba ubeke imibono yakho eqophelweni eligciniwe futhi ucabange ngamalungu amakomiti.

Amawebhusayithi amakomiti anikeza ukwaziswa mayelana nokuqulwa kwecala okuzayo nendlela yokunikeza ubufakazi. Izincwadi ezibhalwe phansi kufanele zibhalwe ngokufingqiwe, zihlelwe kahle, futhi zisekelwe ngobufakazi noma okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu okuvumelana nale ndaba ecatshangelwayo.

Hlala Unolwazi

Imithombo eminingi ingakusiza ukuba ulandele umsebenzi wobunxusa, kuhlanganise namawebhusayithi egunyazo lenhlangano, izinhlangano zezindaba ezihlanganisa iSishaya - mthetho, namaqembu alawula izindaba abheke izindaba ezithile.

Isikhulu ..Iwebhusayithi ye-gov inikeza ukwaziswa okubanzi ngezindleko, amavoti, imisebenzi yamakomiti, nokwaziswa kwamalungu. Ungafuna umthetho ngesihloko, izikweletu ezithile, futhi ubone ukuthi abameleli bakho bavote kanjani ezindinganisweni ezithile. Ukuhlela izixwayiso zezimpikiswano ozikhathalelayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi uyaqhubeka waziwa ngesenzo sobungane esihlobene.

Hlela Noma Uhlanganyele Nemikhankaso Yokubhala Incwadi

Imikhankaso ehlangene yokubhala uhlamvu ibonisa ukukhathalela okukhulu ngezindaba ezithile futhi ingathonya isenzo sobuhlanga. Nakuba uhlamvu ngalunye lunesisindo, ukwamukela amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zezincwadi eziphathelene nomagazini ofanayo kuthumela umyalezo onamandla okhathalela ngokujulile ngalendaba.

Lapho uhlanganyela emikhankasweni yokubhala izinhlamvu, guqula isigijimi sakho kunokuba umane ukopishe isilinganisi. Izisebenzi zeKhomishane zingachaza izinhlamvu, futhi zichaze indlela indaba ethinta ngayo wena siqu enesisindo kakhulu kunemiyalezo ejwayelekile.

Hanjelwa eWashington, D.C.

Ukuvakashela iCapitol nokuhlangana nabameleli bakho noma izisebenzi zabo eWashington kunikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokubona uMkhandlu usebenza futhi uzwa izwi lakho. Izinhlangano eziningi zezempango zihlanganisa "izinsuku eziyizizuku" lapho abasekeli beya eWashington beyohlangana namahhovisi enhlangano futhi basekele izinqubo ezithile.

Ungavakashela futhi ngokuzimele, nakuba kufanele uthintane namahhovisi abameleli bakho kusengaphambili ukuze ucele imihlangano. Ngisho noma ungahlangani nommeleli wakho ngokuqondile, uhlangana namalungu ezisebenzi asingatha izindaba ozikhathalelayo kungaba nenzuzo kakhulu. Lapho useWashington, ungabuye ube khona futhi ekuqulweni kwezindaba zamakomiti, ubukele izenzakalo zaphansi ezisesitejini zomphakathi, futhi uvakashele isakhiwo seCapitol.

Ukuqonda Izimiso Zomphakathi Nokulandisa

Amalungu eSishaya - mthetho angaphansi kwemithetho yezimiso ezinhlobonhlobo nezimiso zokulandisa eziklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukonakala, izingxabano zesithakazelo, nokusetshenziswa kabi kwegunya. Ukuqonda lemithetho kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlole ukuziphatha kwabameleli bazo futhi zibone ukuthi zinecala ngokuphula izimiso.

Izimfuneko Zemali Ezingokwezimali

Amalungu eSishaya-Mkhandlu kumelwe abhale phansi imibiko yezezimali yaminyaka yonke echaza inzuzo yawo, impahla, izikweleti, kanye nentengiselwano yezimali. Lemibiko, etholakala obala, isiza ekuboneni izingxabano zesithakazelo futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi amalungu awasebenzisi izikhundla zawo ukuze azuze ngokwezimali.

Amalungu kumelwe futhi aveze izipho azitholayo, ngemingcele eqinile yenani lezipho ezivela kubantu abafuna ukuthonyelwa noma izinhlangano ezinesithakazelo phambi kweSishaya - mthetho.

Imithetho Yezimali Yomkhankaso

Imithetho yezezimali engokomthetho ilawula indlela abazomiswa bemibuthano abaphakamiso abaqoqa imali nabayisebenzisa ngayo, idinga ukudalulwa kweminikelo nezindleko eziningi.

Imibiko yezimali zenkampane itholakala obala nge-Federal Ecomment Commission, ivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zibone ukuthi ubani oxhasa ngezimali imikhankaso yabameleli bazo. Lokhu kusiza abavoti ukuba bahlole ukuthi abameleli babo bangathonywa ngokungafanele yini yizisebenzi ezithile ezinikelayo noma amaqembu enzalo.

AmaKomiti Ezimiso Zokuziphatha

Zombili lezi zinqumo zilondoloza amakomiti ezimiso zokuziphatha ahlola ukuthi aphulwa imithetho engokomthetho nomthetho kahulumeni.

Izakhamuzi zingahlanganisa izikhalo zezimiso zokuziphatha nala makomiti, nakuba amakomiti enokuhlakanipha kokuhlola izikhalo. Umsebenzi wamakomiti ngokuvamile uqhutshwa ngokuyimfihlo, nakuba ukwephulwa okukhulu nezijeziso eziwumphumela kuboniswa obala.

Umphumela Wezinqumo Zobumbano Ekuphileni Kwansuku Zonke

Izenzo zombuso zithinta cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwaseMelika, nakuba ukuhlobana kungacacile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuqonda lemiphumela kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde ukuthi kungani izindaba zokuthembisana zobungane zifuna ukugxila kuzo futhi yiziphi izindaba ezingase zifune ukugxila kuzo.

Umthetho Wezomnotho

Umthetho wentela unquma ukuthi abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi bakhokhela malini ezintela zikahulumeni nokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi enikezwa izisusa zentela. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinqumo kuthinta yonke into kusukela ekutshaleni isisekelo sezemfundo kuya ekusekeleni izinhlelo zokuphepha emphakathini.

Ukuphathwa kwemithetho yezimali yeKhomishane, isimiso sezohwebo, nesimiso semali nakho kuthonya izimo zezomnotho, ukusungulwa kwemisebenzi, namathuba ebhizinisi.

Ukunakekelwa kwempilo

Izinqumo ze-Congress zihlela ukungenela kwempilo, izindleko, nezinga lemali ngomthetho olawula iMedicare, iMediid, i-Affordal Care Act, i-project yemithi kadokotela, nemithetho yempilo. Lezimiso zinquma ukuthi ubani okwaziyo ukunakekelwa kwempilo, ukuthi izinkonzo zihlanganiswa yini, nokuthi abantu nemikhaya bakhokhela malini ekunakekeleni ezokwelapha.

I - Congress isekela imali yokucwaninga kwezokwelapha, izinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi, nezokuthuthukisa izisebenzi zezempilo nakho kuthinta ukutholakala nezinkonzo zezempilo ezisezingeni eliphezulu emiphakathini kulo lonke izwe.

Imfundo

Isimiso semfundo kahulumeni, esibunjwe yiSishaya-mthetho, sithonya izikole zeK-12, imfundo ephakeme, nezinhlelo zokuqeqesha izisebenzi. Izinqumo zomthetho mayelana nezinhlelo zabafundi zokuboleka imali, uPell Grants, kanye nezinye izinsiza ngokwezimali zithinta ukukhokha nokuthola imali ekholijini. Ukuxhasa imfundo ekhethekile, izinhlelo zesihloko I zabafundi abaswele, kanye nezinye izinyathelo zemfundo zikahulumeni zithinta izikole kuwo wonke amazwe.

Indawo Ezungezile Namandla

Isenzo sombuso sokuvikela indawo ezungezile, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kanye nesimiso samandla kuthinta umoya namanzi, amazwe omphakathi, kanye nokushintshela ekuhlanzeni amandla. Lezi zinqumo zithonya indawo ohlala kuyo, imithombo yamandla alawula ikhaya lakho nemoto, kanye nokugcinwa kwemithombo yemvelo isikhathi eside.

Amalungelo Omphakathi Nomthetho Wezenhlalo

Imithetho ephathelene namalungelo okuvota, ukucwaswa kwemisebenzi, ukungakhethi kwezindlu, ukushintshwa komthetho wobugebengu, nokufuduka kulawula amalungelo namathuba atholakala kuwo wonke amaMelika.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nezishaya - mthetho Namuhla

Ukuqonda izinselele ezibhekene neSishaya - mthetho kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde ubunkimbinkimbi benqubo yokushaya umthetho futhi zicabangisise ngezinguquko ezingase zivele.

I - partisan Polaryation

Ukwanda kokuhlanganisa amaqembu kwenza kwaba nzima kakhulu ukubambisana kwe-bipartisan, okuholela ekunqandeni izinqumo zemithetho ezindabeni eziningi ezibalulekile. Amaqembu ahlukene kakhulu, futhi amalungu ambalwa alinganiselayo azimisele ukusebenza ngapha nangapha. Lokhu kuveza ukuhlukana okukhulu emphakathini waseMelika kodwa futhi kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngeSishaya-Mkhandlu ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga ukuhlehliswa.

Imali Kwezombangazwe

Izindleko ezinyukayo zemikhankaso kanye nethonya lezisebenzi ezicebile ezinikelayo nezithakazelo ezikhethekile zibangela ukukhathazeka ngokuthi amalungu oMkhandlu asabela yini kubantu abavamile noma kulabo abasekela imikhankaso yabo. Nakuba imithetho yezezimali idinga ukudalulwa, ayikuvimbelanga ukugeleza kwemali kwezombangazwe ukuba ifinyelele amazinga angakaze abonwe ngaphambili.

Ukuncipha Kokwethenjwa Umphakathi

Ukuvunyelwa umphakathi uKhongolose kuye kwahlala kuphansi iminyaka eminingi, kuveza ukukhungatheka ngenxa yokuhlukanisa abantu, amahlazo ezimiso zokuziphatha, nombono wokuthi uMkhandlu awukwazi ukuxhumana nabantu abavamile baseMelika. Lokhu kuncishiswa kwenza kube nzima ngeSishaya - mthetho ukwakha ukusekela izinguquko zesimiso esinzima kodwa esidingekile futhi kululaza ukufaneleka kwezinhlangano zentando yeningi.

Ukwaziswa Okuningi Nokungaqondi

Ukusakazeka kwemithombo yokwaziswa, kukwenza kube nzima ngezakhamuzi ukuhlala zinolwazi oluqondile ngesenzo sobu - communist. Izindawo zokusakaza zezindaba ngokuvamile zinikeza ukwaziswa okukhethayo noma okudukisayo, kuyilapho amanani ezokuxhumana angakha izisekelo eziqinisa izinkolelo ezikhona kunokuba zichaye abantu ezindleleni ezihlukahlukene.

Ikusasa Lokumelelwa Kwemikhandlu

Njengoba umphakathi waseMelika ushintsha, uKhongolose kumelwe azivumelanise nokusebenza nokumelela.

Izinguquko Zesimo Somzimba

Ukuhlukahluka okukhulayo kweMelika kuboniswa kancane kancane eMkhandlwini, enamanani andayo abesifazane, abantu abanombala, namalungu ezizinda ezihlukene asebenza kuzo zombili izikhundla. Lokhu kushintsha kwenani labantu kuletha imibono emisha nezakuqala kuhlobana nokuhlobana futhi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Congress iveza kangcono isizwe esisimele.

Ubuchwepheshe Nokuxhumana

Ubuchwepheshe buguqula indlela amalungu axhumana ngayo nabantu abahlangene, abaphathi, nokuphatha umsebenzi wezenhlala-khona. Izokuxhumana, i-video, namathuluzi emishini aveza amathuba amasha okuthembisana kwezakhamuzi kuyilapho futhi eveza izinselele ezihlobene nokungaqondisi lutho kanye nezinkulumo zeningi.

Izinguquko Ezingase Zibe Khona

Kuye kwahlongozwa izinguquko ezihlukahlukene ukuze kusingathwe izinselele zoMkhandlu, kuhlanganise nenguquko yezezimali, ukuhlela kabusha ukunciphisa ukuhlelwa kwemithetho, izinguquko eziya emithethweni yeSigele ukuze kuncishiswe i-groader, futhi kuncishiswe izinyathelo zokwandisa ukubonakala futhi kuncishiswe ithonya lezithakazelo ezikhethekile. Nakuba lezi zinguquko zibhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu zezombangazwe, zimelela izindlela ezingase zifinyelele eMkhandlwini ongcono nongummeleli.

Indima Yakho Embusweni Wentando Yeningi Ongummeleli

Ekugcineni, ukuphumelela kwemikhankaso yombuso kuxhomeke ekuthembiseni isakhamuzi ngokuzikhandla nangolwazi. idemocracy ayiwona umdlalo oyisibukeli, kodwa idinga ukuhlanganyela, ukuqapha, nokuzimisela ukuba izikhulu ezikhethiwe zilandise.

Ngokuqonda indlela izishaya - mthetho ezisebenza ngayo, ukuhlala waziwa ngezindaba ezibalulekile, ukuxoxa nabameleli bakho, nokuhlanganyela okhethweni, ufeza imithwalo yakho yemfanelo njengesakhamuzi futhi usize ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uhulumeni uyaqhubeka esabela kubantu abakhonzayo.

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwezakhamuzi nabameleli bazo budinga ukuzwa kubantu abaphethe ukuze baqonde ukukhathazeka kwabo nezinto eziza kuqala, kuyilapho izakhamuzi zidinga abameleli abazozilalela futhi bazenzele okuthile. Ukuqinisa lobu buhlobo kudinga umzamo nhlangothi zombili, kodwa imivuzo ihlanganisa imiphumela engcono, izinhlangano zentando yeningi eziqinile, nohulumeni omelela ngempela izithakazelo nezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene zabantu baseMelika.

Ukuthatha Isinyathelo: Izinyathelo Ozothatha

Manje njengoba uqonda ukuthi umelela kanjani uMkhandlu nezindlela eziningi ongazihlanganisa ngazo nabameleli bakho, sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo. Nazi izinyathelo eziqinile ongazithatha namuhla ukuze ube isakhamuzi esithembisene ukuthembisana futhi esiphumelelayo:

  • Imelela abameleli bakho eMzini naseSigeqeni bese ulondoloza ukwaziswa kwabo kokuxhumana
  • Uphawu olubekwe amapheshana avela emahhovisi abameleli bakho ukuze uhlale waziwe ngemisebenzi yabo nangezikhundla zabo
  • Ulandela iziKhongolo.gov ukulandelela umthetho ophathelene nombuzo okhathalelayo
  • Setha isikhumbuzo[ sokuthinta abameleli bakho okungenani kanye ngekota ngezindaba ezibalulekile kuwe
  • Umbhalisi wokuvota uma ungakaqali, bese uphawula izinsuku zokhetho ekhalendeni lakho
  • Wahlanganisa umhlangano wehholo ledolobha noma esinye isenzakalo somphakathi lapho ungahlangana khona nabameleli bakho
  • [ Ufake okungenani inhlangano eyodwa yezezentengiselwano egxile ezintweni ozikhathalelayo
  • Khuluma nabangane nomkhaya [ ngezindaba zomhlangano futhi ubakhuthaze ukuba bahileleke
  • Umbambeli womkhankaso noma umlandeli ozindinganiso zakhe zivumelana nezakho
  • Uhlale unolwazi[ ngokulandela imithombo yezindaba ethembekile ehlanganisa isenzo somhlangano
  • [ Isabelo sokwaziswa okuqondile [ mayelana noKhongolo kanye nenqubo yokushaya umthetho ukusiza ekulweni nokwaziswa okunganembile
  • Bambe abameleli bakho benecala [ ngokulandela amavoti abo nangokuwaqhathanisa nezithembiso zabo zomkhankaso

Khumbula ukuthi ukuqasha isikole okuphumelelayo kuwumjaho webanga elide, hhayi ukuthatha isikhathi. Ukuthembisana okuqinile isikhathi eside kwakha ubuhlobo namahhovisi ombuso, kubonisa ukujula kokuzimisela kwakho ezindabeni, futhi kwandisa ithonya lakho emiphumeleni yezimiso. Qala ngezinyathelo ezincane, ezilawulekayo futhi kancane kancane wandise ukuhileleka kwakho njengoba uthola ithuba elithé xaxa ngenqubo.

Ukuqonda indlela iziKhomishane ezisebenza ngayo futhi zihlanganyela ngentshiseko enqubweni yentando yeningi, kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi lenhlangano ebalulekile iyaqhubeka isabela, ilandisa futhi iphumelela ekusingatheni izinselele ezibhekene nesizwe sethu. Izwi lakho linendaba, ukuhlanganyela kwakho kwenza umehluko, futhi ukuthembisa kwakho kuqinisa izisekelo zentando yeningi yaseMelika yezizukulwane zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo.