Kusemkhakheni wempahla yengqondo, izimvume nezimpawu ziphakathi kwempahla eyigugu kakhulu ibhizinisi noma umuntu angaba nayo. Zivikela izinto ezisunguliwe, izimpawu, nemisebenzi yokudala, zinikeza isiphetho sokuncintisana nokusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha. Nokho, lapho kuphakama izingxabano ngokuphathelene nalamalungelo. Inqubo engokomthetho ephathelene nokufaneleka, ukuphikwa, noma ukuba yimpahla, noma ukuba yimpahla kubaluleke kakhulu. Inqubo yokusebenza kahle, wonke amaqembu kumelwe aqiniseke ukuthi icala lawo liyobekwa ngokungakhethi futhi kugcinelwe imithetho emisiwe. Lena yindawo lapho isimiso somthetho se [[FLT:]] [i] esibalulekile. Inqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi akukho muntu ophucwa impahla yakhe, kuhlanganise nempahla enengqondo. Izimiso zokukhokhwasa izinqunywe ngokusemthethweni.

Iyini Inqubo Efanele?

Emnyombweni wayo, inqubo efanele isiqinisekiso somthetho-sisekelo esisekelwe ezinzibeni zesihlanu nezeshumi nane zoMthetho-sisekelo we-United States. IsiHlanzi sesihlanu sinqabela uhulumeni ukuba anciphe noma yimuphi umuntu “ukuphila, inkululeko, noma impahla, ngaphandle kwenqubo efanelekile yomthetho.” ISichibiyelo seshumi nane seSichibiyelo semithetho sinweba leyo enqatshelwa ohulumeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinkantolo ziye zachaza inqubo efanele yokufuna izakhi ezimbili eziyinhloko: inqubo efanelekile efanelekile kanye nenqubo efanelekile ye-[FLT]

Inqubo efanelekile iphathelene nokulunga kwezinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza isinqumo. Kudingeka ukuba abantu bamukele umvile wanoma yisiphi isenzo esingokomthetho esingathinta amalungelo abo, futhi ithuba eliqondekayo lokuzwakala [ phambi kwenkantolo engakhethi. Kumongo wempikiswano yemvume nezimpawu, lokhu kusho ukuthi umphikisi omangalelwe, isimemezeli sophawu esibhekene nokuphikiswa, noma umnini wemvume ebhekene nenselele esemthethweni kumelwe atshelwe kahle ukuthi yini engenziwa futhi anikezwe ithuba lokuphendula ngokunikeza ubufakazi nempikiswano.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inqubo efanelekile eyimfihlo ibuza ukuthi umthetho oyisisekelo ngokwawo ulungile futhi unengqondo yini. Nakuba kungasetshenziswa kakhulu ezimpikiswaneni ze-IP, kungavela lapho imithetho noma imithetho iphuca amaqembu amalungelo ngezindlela eziwubuwula. Ezimpikiswaneni eziningi ezingokomthetho neziwuphawu, ukugxila ngokunembile ezivikelweni ze-procedro.

Inqubo Efanele Ezimpini Ezinamandla

Izimpikiswano ezingathi sína zenzeka ezingxabanweni eziningi (*) ngokuphawulekayo e-United States Patant and Trademark Office (USPTO) nasezinkantolo zikahulumeni. I-forum ngayinye isebenzisa izimiso ezifanele, nakuba izinqubo ezithile zihlukile.

U - USPTO Ukuqhubeka: Ukuhlola Futhi Nokulingwa Kwe - ALA

I-USPTO isingatha izinselele zokusebenza okusemthethweni ngezindlela eziningana, kuhlanganise nokuhlola kabusha ingxenye, ukubukeza (IPR), ukubukeza (PGR) kanye nezindlela zebhizinisi ezihlanganisiwe (CBM). Lokhu kuhlohlwa kwasungulwa noma kwashintshwa yi-American Intents Act (AA) ka-2011. Inqubo elindelekile ihlelwe ngendlela yayo:

  • Notice: Umceli kumelwe anikeze isicelo esiphelele esichaza isisekelo senselele, futhi umniniyo osemthethweni uthola ikhophi futhi unike isikhathi sokuphendula.
  • [ Imikhosi efuna ukuzwakala: inganikeza ubufakazi, kuhlanganise nezimemezelo ezingochwepheshe kanye nobuciko bangaphambili. Banelungelo lokuzwa izindlebe phambi kwe-Paten Trial nebhodi yokudlulisa (PTAB).
  • Abakhi besinqumo abangakhethi: Abahluleli be-PTAB bangabahluleli abasemthethweni abangahilelekile ekuhlolweni kokuqala kwemvume. Kumelwe bazibeke izaba uma kunokuphikisana kwesithakazelo.
  • Incazelo: Nakuba ilinganiselwe uma iqhathaniswa nenkantolo kahulumeni, amaqembu angathola amaphepha abalulekile kanye nokufaka ngokuthola okuvumelanayo noma ngokuhamba.

Naphezu kwalezi zivikelo, abanye baye baphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngesivinini sokuqulwa kwe-AIA kanye nokungathola “amaqembu okubulala” ePTAB. INkantolo ePhakeme yase-U.S. e i-Oil States Energy Service v. I-Green’s Energy Group [ [208]) yasekela ukuma komthetho-IPR amacala, inqaba izimpikiswano ezithi ziphula iSiphakamiso III noma iSichibiyelo seNkamiso sokuqulwa kwejaji. INkanto yagcizelela ukuthi inqubo ye-IPR “iwuphawulile ukuthuthukisa izinga lokugunya nokuvikela isithakazelo somphakathi ekungabini nemithetho engekhona esemthethweni,” futhi leyo nqubo efanelekile ivikelekile.

Inkantolo YamaFederal Patent Litigation

Amacala aphikisayo afakwa ezinkantolo zesifunda sase-U.S. Lapha, inqubo efanele ifakwe ngokujulile eMithethweni ye-Federal ye-Civil Procedare. Ama-paries anelungelo lokuthi:

  • Notice: Isikhalo kumelwe sisho ngokucacile ukugunyaza (ama) okuthiwa kuphulwe nesisekelo sokulawula.
  • Ukuthola i-Broad kuvumela izinhlangothi zombili ukuba zithole amadokhumende, izimpendulo zophenyo, nobufakazi bokufaka. Lokhu kubucayi ngoba amacala amaningi asemthethweni axhomeke emininingwaneni yobuchwepheshe nasekuxhumaneni kwangaphakathi kwamaqembu.
  • Umkhuba wobuMotion:[ Imikhosi ingathatha indiva ukulahla, ukuze kukhishwe ukwahlulela okufingqiwe, noma ukukhipha ubufakazi. Le ntshukumo kumelwe izwe futhi inqunywe umahluleli osekelwe ezindinganisweni ezingokomthetho.
  • [ : ISichibiyelo seSemberi siqinisekisa ukuqulwa kwecala lamajaji emacaleni agunyaziwe ukuze kukhishwe umonakalo. Ngisho nasekuqulweni kwecala lasebhentshi, umahluleli kumelwe aphikise okutholakele iqiniso neziphetho zomthetho.
  • Appals:[ Noma yiliphi iqembu lingase lidlulisele isinqumo senkantolo yesifunda enkantolo ye-U.S. sokudlulisa izigwebo zeFederal Friesters, ebukeza iziphetho ezingokomthetho ze-novo namaqiniso ngenxa yephutha elicacile.

Inqubo elindelekile idinga futhi ukuba inkantolo ibe negunya lomuntu siqu kummangalelwa, qha uma ummangalelwa ethengisa imikhiqizo noma imisebenzi esifundazweni se-Forum. Imithetho yeVenue iphinde iqinisekise ukuthi amacala abekwe endaweni engcono.

Inqubo Efanele Engxabanweni Yezohwebo

Izimpikiswano ezihambisana nokuhweba ziphakama lapho kubhaliswa (ukumiswa nokunqatshelwa kwemithetho yeTrademark Treap and TTAB) kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla (izenzo zokuqulwa kwecala enkantolo kahulumeni). Inqubo yokugcinwa kwecala iqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngokufanele kuzo zombili izinkundla.

Ukuqhubeka KweTTAB: Ukuphikiswa Nokukhandleka

Uma iqembu likholelwa ukuthi uhlelo noma ukubhalisa akumelwe kuvunyelwe, ngoba kuyadida, kuyadida, kuyachaza, noma kungenzeka kubangele ukuncishiswa kwesilinganiso somzimba − bangafaka ukuphikiswa noma isicelo sokulahla iTTAB. i-TTAB iyinkantolo yezobuphathi phakathi kwe-USPTO esebenza njengenkantolo kahulumeni kodwa inezinqubo ezilandelanayo.

  • Notice: Umfaki wesicelo noma obhalileyo kumele athunyelwe nokuphikiswa noma isicelo sokwephulwa. I-TTAB ihlela isikhathi esiyiphutha sempendulo (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezingu-40).
  • [[NTL:0] I-Pisophery: Amathuluzi okuthola akhona, kuhlanganise nemibuzo, izisekelo, nezicelo zokukhiqiza. Imithetho yeTTAB ibonakalisa iMiyalo ye-Federal ye-Procediture ka-Cuvil ezicini eziningi.
  • Iziphakamiso nomthetho:[ Imicimbi ingafingqa ukwahlulela ngokufingqwa. Uma icala liqhubeka nokuqulwa, banikeza ubufakazi nobufakazi ngezimemezelo ezibhaliwe noma ubufakazi obuphilayo ezindlebeni zomlomo.
  • Appal:[ Iqembu elilahlekelwayo lingakhanga isinqumo seTTAB eFederal Frivers noma lifake isenzo somphakathi de novo enkantolo yesifunda sase-U.S.

Inqubo efanele iyasebenza futhi ku- engxenyeni ye- imicimbi e-USPTO inhlolo-mkhakha we-USPTO. Isibonelo, uma ummeli ehlola enqaba ukubhaliswa, umfaki wesicelo uthola i-Ofisi Esenzo sokuchaza ukwenqaba, futhi unethuba lokuphendula. Uma ukwenqaba kwenziwa okokugcina, umfaki wesicelo anganxusa ku-TTAB.

Ukumangalelwa Kwezohwebo

Enkantolo kahulumeni, abanikazi bophawu lokumangalelwa bamangalelwa ngokuthi baphazamisa iLanham Act (15 U.S.C. 765). Izinhlelo ezifanele zicishe zifane nalabo abaqamba imvume: isaziso, ukutholakala, ukunyakaza, ukuqulwa, nokudluliswa kwecala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi amalungelo ophawu asekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwezentengiselwano, izinkantolo zivame ukubheka ukulinganiselwa kwendawo, okuthi inqubo efanelekile ithinta ukulawulwa komuntu siqu nezindawo. Inkantolo Ephakeme iqaphele i-odooms project menti ye-'ir Co.v. Montalth Revicial Co.

Isihluthulelo Sesivikelo Sesayensi Yezinto Eziphilayo

Nakuba imininingwane ihlukahluka nge - fraum, izikhungo eziningana eziyisisekelo zenqubo zitholakala emhlabeni wonke ezimpikiswaneni ezingokomthetho neziwuphawu:

  • Inothi: Isitatimende esicacile salokho okufunwayo noma ukuzivikela ukuze umphikisi alungise impendulo. Lokhu kuvimbela “ukucasha ngokucasha.”
  • Imikhosi yokunikeza ubufakazi nempikiswano: Kumelwe ibe nethuba elibalulekile lokunikeza ubufakazi obuphathekayo, ukubiza ofakazi, futhi wenze izimpikiswano ezingokomthetho.
  • Umenzi wesinqumo ongakhethi: Abahluleli, amajaji aphethe, noma amajaji kumelwe angabi nesithakazelo somuntu siqu. Ezimisweni zokuphatha, lokhu kuqiniswa ngemithetho engokokuziphatha nezibopho zokuziphindisela.
  • [ Izinqumo ezicacisiwe: Abenzi-zinqumo kumele bachaze izinqumo zabo, banikeze isisekelo sokubukeza. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinkantolo ezithatha isigwebo ukuze kubonwe ukuthi amaphutha enzekile yini.
  • Usizo olusebenzayo lweseluleko (kwezinye izimo): Nakuba lungekho ngokomthetho onelungelo ezimpikiswaneni zomphakathi, ikhono lokuqasha abameli nochwepheshe livame ukudingeka cishe ukuze kusetshenziswe imithetho ye-IP eyinkimbinkimbi.

Lapho abantu becabanga ukuthi baphathwa ngendlela efanele, cishe bangayimukela imiphumela emibi futhi cishe ngeke baphendukele ekuziphatheni okuphazamisayo.

Ukubukeza Kokwahlulela Njengenethi Lokuphepha

Ayikho indlela ephelele, futhi izinkantolo zesifunda noma ngisho nezinkantolo zesifunda zingenza amaphutha. Ukuhlola ukwahlulela kunikeza ulwembu olubalulekile lwenqubo efanele. Izifunda ezinganeliseki ngesinqumo se-USPTO (PTAB noma TTAB) zingadlulisela isicelo eFederal Friestl. Izinqumo zesifunda nazo ziyaheha iFederal Friestl zungexations zezezezezomthetho, noma esifundeni esifanelekile sesifunda sezezomthetho wesifunda (izikhombo ezinxusela ngokuvamile ezincelwayo zeFederal Fraving) kanye uma zihilela izinqumo ze-TTAB).

Izinkantolo eziphakanyiswayo zibukeza izinqumo zomthetho de novo, okusho ukuthi azibekeli cala encamini yomthetho ephansi. Okutholiwe kubukezwa ngenxa ye “iphutha elisobala” noma“ubufakazi obuqandlile” kuye ngomongo. Lokhu kuhlola okumbaxambili kuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphutha angalungiswa futhi amaqembu anethuba eligcwele lokubekela inselele izinqumo ezingalungile.

Izinselele Nokugxeka Inqubo Efanele Yempicabadala Ye - IP

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwayo, ukusebenzisa inqubo efanele ezimpikiswaneni ezingokomthetho neziwuphawu lwezimemezelo akuzona okunezinselele.

  • Inqubo elindelekile nelibazisayo egcwele, inqubo efaneleyo, ikakhulukazi ukutholakala okukhulu nokuzwa okuningi, kungabiza kakhulu. Kumabhizinisi amancane noma kumasuntweli ngamanye, izindleko zokumisa imvume noma uphawu zingaba phezulu kakhulu, ziwancishekela ngokuphumelelayo ukufinyelela ebulungisani. Ezinye ziye zabiza izinqubo ezihamba phambili, kodwa ukulinganisela ngokulunga kunzima.
  • Ukusetshenziswa kabi kobuhlakani: Ekukhiqizweni okusemthethweni, umthwalo wokukhiqizwa kwezincwadi ungaba mkhulu kakhulu. Amadili angasebenzisa ukusungula izinto ngokusemthethweni ukuqhubekisela phambili izindleko noma ukuvumbulula izimfihlo zezohwebo. Izinkantolo zinamathuluzi okulinganisela ukutholakala, kodwa ukuxhaphaza kuhlala kuyinto ekhathazayo.
  • Izindinganiso ezingathi zikhona ePTAB vs. izinkantolo: I-PTAB isebenzisa umthwalo ophansi wobufakazi bokubonisa ukungasebenzi (“ukuqaphelisisa ubufakazi”) uma iqhathaniswa nendinganiso“ ecacile neyisekisayo” esetshenziswa enkantolo ekugunyazeni izimvume ezikhishweyo. Lokhu kungadala umbono wokungalungi, ikakhulukazi uma umnini we-PTALT ebhekene nezinselele ezifanayo kulokhu kuveza imvume.
  • Ubunkimbinkimbi obungokwesayensi: Ukunquma umdlalo phakathi kwe-USPTO amacala necala lasenkantolo kudinga ukuqonda okuyinkimbinkimbi. Amadili angalahlekelwa amalungelo ngokungazi uma ehluleka ukuvumelana nezinsuku ezithile ezimisiwe noma imithetho.
  • Inqubo elindelekile yamaqembu angamelelwanga: i-USPTO inikeza imithombo elinganiselwe kwabasebenzisi be-seligi. Nakuba i-auth iye yenza imizamo yokwenza lula amafomu nokunikeza isiqondiso, umuntu ongenammeli angazama ngokuphumelelayo ukusebenzisa amalungelo abo afanele.

Lezi zinselele ziqokomisa ukuthi inqubo efanele ayiwona umgomo ocatshangelwayo kodwa isibopho esingokoqobo esidinga ukuqapha njalo nokuthuthuka.

Isiphetho

Inqubo i-linchpin yokulunga ezimpikiswaneni ezisemthethweni neziphawuliwe. Kusukela ngesikhathi imvume esemthethweni iphikiswa noma uphawu luphikisa, abaphethe idili kumelwe banikwe isaziso, ukuzwa, nomenzi wesinqumo ongakhethi. Lezi zinsika ziqinisekisa ukuthi amalungelo empahla engqondo awakhutshulwa ngokusemthethweni, futhi leyo nqubo esemthethweni kuphela iyaphoqelelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo efanele ikhuthaza ukuthemba umphakathi esimisweni se-IP, ikhuthaza ukutshala inzuzo yokusungula nokuthuthukisa iprojekthi.

Nakuba kungekho simiso esiphelele, futhi izinselele ezinjengokukhokha izindleko nokuyinkimbinkimbi ziyaqhubeka, isibopho senqubo efanelekile sihlala siqinile. Izinkantolo ze-USPTO, i-operate, kanye nezindikimba zilungisa izinqubo zazo ngokuqhubekayo ukuze zisekele isiqinisekiso somthetho- sisekelo sosuku olulungile enkantolo / noma ebhodini. Kunoma ubani ohilelekile empikiswaneni esemthethweni noma ewuphawu, ukuqonda inqubo efanelekile akuyona nje imfundo efundwayo; kubalulekile ekuvikeleni amalungelo awo nokufinyelela umphumela olungile.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngenqubo efanele embonini yengqondo, bheka i-Cornell Legal Information ye-, u-USPTO] ulwazi lwe-American Invents Act, kanye ne- Faceral Recalution Center’s i-ss project yenqubo efanele ePTB's.