Isisekelo Sezomnotho Ezivulekile Zase - Ireland

I-Ireland iye yashintsha kusukela ngokuyinhloko ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wezentengiselwano yaba elinye lamazwe agcwele kakhulu nanezinto ezintsha emhlabeni. Ingxenye enkulu yale metamor discis ikhomba isu elisuselwa ngamabomu neliqhubekayo lokuhweba ngokukhululekile. Ngokuphishekela izivumelwano zenkululeko yezohwebo, ukulondoloza izinga eliphansi lentela yenkampani, nokutshala imali emfundweni nemisebenzi, i-Ireland ngokwayo ibekwe njengendlela yokungena phakathi kweYurophu namazwe asele emhlabeni. Lesi sisekelo asikhangeli nje kuphela ukuthengwa kwemali ezindaweni eziqondile zakwamanye amazwe (FDI) kodwa futhi sadala isisekelo esivundile sokuchuma kwezentethelelo yezentengo yendawo ukuze ichuke.

Isimiso sokuhweba e-Ireland sihlangene kakhulu nesimiso sezentengiselwano esivamile se-European Union, okusho ukuthi amabhizinisi ase-Ireland ajabulela ukufinyelela emakethe eyodwa enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yabathengi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-450. Ngokwengxenye eyodwa, i-Ireland iye yahlakulela izibopho ezijulile ne-United States, i-United Kingdom, futhi iyanda nezomnotho ezisanda kuvela. Imiphumela ekhulayo iyindawo ezungezile lapho inhloko yezentengiselwano, ithalenta, nemibono igeleza khona, ikhuphule intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe nezemboni.

Abangane Bezentengiselwano Nethonya Labo

United States

I-United States ilokhu ingumngane wezentengiselwano obalulekile kakhulu wase-Ireland. Izinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-900 zama-U.S. ziye zasungula imisebenzi esemthethweni eIreland, ziqasha abantu abangaba ngu-200 000 ngokuqondile. Lezi zinkampani zisebenzisa amakhampani kusukela kwezemithi nakumathuluzi ezokwelapha ukuya ku-software nakuzinkonzo zezezimali. Uthengiselwano lwase-US-Ireland luyi-symbiotic: izinkampani zaseMelika zizuza i-Europe ezindaweni eziphambili zemisebenzi yesiNgisi nentela engcono, kanti i-Ireland inzuzo yokushintshela ezobuchwepheshe, ukuhweba nge-R&D, nemisebenzi yezinga eliphezulu.

Izibonelo eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa Google, , Pluzer[, Johnson & Lamp; Johnson , konke okusebenza izikhungo ze-R&D e-Ireland. Ukuba khona kwala baholi bembulunga yonke kwakha ipeni lethalethi futhi kwandisa ingcingo yolwelwelwelwe-injini ekwazi ukusungula indawo, kukhuthaza ukuthuthukisa inqubo eqhubekayo.

I - European Union

Njengelungu le-EU, i-Ireland ijabulela ukuhweba okukhululekile kwe-tapiff namanye amazwe angamalungu angu-26 futhi ihlanganyela ekucwaningeni nasekusunguleni i-EU yonke izinhlelo ezinjenge- Horizon Europe[. Izisekelo zokulawula i-EU, izindinganiso zobuchwepheshe ezivumelanayo, kanye nezikhungo zempahla ezihlakaniphile zinikeza indawo eqinile ukuze izinkampani zithuthukise futhi zilinganisele imikhiqizo emisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimali zokwakha i-EUS ziye zasekela i-Ireland, imfundo, nezinhlangano zokucwaninga, zibeka isisekelo somnotho osekelwe olwazi.

Indawo ye-Ireland njengesikhungo sokukhuluma isiNgisi e-EU yenza ukuba kukhangeke ngokukhethekile kubantu base-US nase-Asia abavela kwamanye amazwe abafuna ukukhokha imakethe yaseYurophu. Lenzuzo eyingqayizivele iye yaholela ekumisweni kwezesayensi yezemisebenzi ye- ye-dibitut, [[FLT]] articticus[, kanye [FLT] ne-[FLT]f_4] ubuchwepheshe bezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi [ eDublin, Cork, neGway.

United Kingdom

I-UK ibingumngane wezohwebo omkhulu kakhulu e-Ireland ngokomlando, kodwa i-Brexit yaqala ukuphazamiseka okukhulu. I-EUK Trade ne-Cooperation Actrigion [ [i-TCA] manje ibusa ubuhlobo bayo, idala izinqubo ezintsha zokuhweba nokuhlola okusha. Nokho, ukusondelana nokwesiko kusho ukuthi i-UK ihlala iyimakethekethe enzima ngezimpahla zase-Ireland, ikakhulukazi ukudla okungagri, kanye nomthombo wezentengiselwano. Izinhlangano zase-Ireland ziye zashintsha ngokudlulisa amakethe futhi zihlola izimakethe ezintsha, okuthili okuye kwabangela ukuhlelwa kwemishuwa, ubuchwepheshe bezemidalo, izinkonzo zezemidabuko, nezokwethulo.

Izikhangiso Eziya Ngokuxutshwa

I-Ireland iye yafuna ngentshiseko ukwandisa ukuhwebelana ne-Asia, iMpuma Ephakathi, ne-Latin America. Ama-arhente amagumbi anjenge- e-Entemplerer [ kanye ne-Irland [ avule amahhovisi eChina, eNdiya, iSingapore, ne-UAE ukuze asize amafemu ase-Ireland afinyelele ezomnotho ezikhula ngokushesha. La mapayipile ama-Irish aveza izidingo ezithengishi ezihlukene nezingcindezi ezimphini zokuncintisana, awenza angakwazi ukuveza imikhiqizo, ukuthengisa, ukuthuthukisa, nokuthuthukisa i-Promod.

Indlela Imishini Yezohwebo Eshintsha Ngayo

Ubuhlobo phakathi kokuhweba nokusungulwa abunakwenzeka ngengozi. Ukuhweba kwezizwe zonke kuveza izimboni zasekhaya ekuncintisaneni kwamanye amazwe, okuziphoqelela ukuba zithuthukise umkhiqizo, zisebenzise ubuchwepheshe obusha, futhi zifake imali e-R&D ukuze zilondoloze noma zizuze imali edingekayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhwebelana kusiza ekuthengisweni kwemishini ethuthukile, izakhi, nolwazi olungase lutholakale futhi luthuthukiswe endaweni.

I- engokomnotho we-Ireland [[FLT: 1] inezinga eliphakeme lokungena, ikakhulukazi ezintweni eziphakathi kanye nasemishinini eyinhloko. Lokhu kusho abenzi be-Ireland, imboni yobuchwepheshe, nezimboni zenkonzo zikwazi ukufinyelela kalula kumathuluzi nakubuchwepheshe bamuva emhlabeni wonke. Ngokwesibonelo, i-patton engenisa igesi igcwele yonke indawo, futhi amafemu e-Irish athembele kuma-cpu angeniswe kwamanye amazwe ukuze enze imishini ephambili yokwelapha nemikhiqizo ye-IoT.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivumelwano zezohwebo zihlanganisa amalungiselelo aphathelene namalungelo empahla, ukuthunyelwa kokwaziswa, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemali. La malungiselelo anika izinkampani ithemba lokugunyaza ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa i-edge ku-Ireland obenziwe ngemishini ye-IP, azi ukuthi izovikelwa. Lokhu kuqiniseka okungokomthetho kuyisisekelo sezinto ezivuselela i-Ireland.

Indima Yezinhlangano Zezizwe Ezihlukahlukene

I - MNCs Njengezikhungo Zokulungisa

Izinkampani ezihlangene ziwukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo kwethonya lentengo ekwakhekeni kwe-Ireland. AmaMCS amaningi aye asungula ukucwaninga nokuphuhliswa (R&D) ezikhungweni e-Ireland ezinecala lemigqa yomkhiqizo wembulunga yonke noma intuthuko yezifunda. Ngokwesibonelo, I-Intel[FLT] isebenza isakhiwo esikhulu se-R&D eLeixlip igxile ezinqunyweni zokukhiqiza izinto zezesayensi; [[FLT:]] imisebe engokwezinqubo yokwelapha engokwenaniselwayo engokwembulunga yonke ithuthukisa imishini yokwelapha eqhubekayo eGalgayway; ne[FLT6] ye-'FFTB] ye-'steroid] ye-'enjini yokucwaninga ephawulekayo e-morgobom.

Le-R&D izikhungo zibambisana kakhulu namayunivesithi ase-Ireland, njenge-Trinity College Dublin, iYunivesithi yaseCollege Cork, ne-Yunivesithi yaseGalway, ngemisebenzi yokucwaninga exhaswe yizinhlangano, nezinhlelo ezihlangene. Lokhu kusiza ukucwaninga kwezemfundo ukuba kube okusebenza kahle ngokwezentengiselwano futhi kunikeze abafundi ithuba lokuthola izinselele zangempela zezwe.

Abathandi Bethayi Nolwazi Baphaphaza

I-MNCs yenza futhi indawo ezungezile enemisebenzi ekwaziyo ukuzenzela. Ikhanga izisebenzi ezinolwazi olunzulu ezivela emhlabeni wonke, eziningi zazo kamuva ezithuthela e-Ireland ziqala noma ziqalise imisebenzi yazo. Imiphumela ye- “spillover” ibhalwe kahle: izifunda ezinezilinganiso ezinkulu ze-MNCs zivame ukuba nezinga eliphezulu lobusomabhizinisi nokusungula. Indawo yokuqala ye-Ireland eDublin “Silicon Docks” iwumphumela oqondile wamakhono nezimiso ezakhiwa yizisebenzi ze-Googlobe, Facebook, ne-Linked In.

Imiphumela Ewubala Neyokukhahlela

Ukuvela kwe-MNCs kudala isidingo salabo abakhethekile abadayisayo bendawo, kusukela ezinkonzweni ezingokomthetho nakwezokukhankanya kuya ekuthuthukiseni izakhi ze-software. Laba bakhiqizi bavame ukwakha amakhambi e-propritietary angathengiselwa amanye amakhasimende kamuva, abe yi deo invertitors ngokwawo. Ngokwesibonelo, amafemu ase-Ireland anjenga HPS [i-software] kanye [i-ELT:2] ne-ECLTY] Ireland [[[FLT] [ithecom] [ama-ELMNC])] (ama-masters) asungulwe emathubeni asungulwe yi-MNCC. Iqembu elinamandla kakhulu ku-IC ne-ptarmaces, lapho i-Ireland ifinyelele khona isigaba socity.

Iziqalo Nesimiso Sokulungisa Imvelo

Ukukwazi Ukuxhasa Izimali Nezimakethe

Ubudlelwane bobuthengi buzuzisa ngokuqondile ukuqala kwe-Irish ngokunikeza izikhulu zezikhulu zezwe lonke nabathengi izikhungo zezikhulu ze-Venture ezisekelwe e-US nase-Europe zitshala ngentshiseko izakhiwo zobuchwepheshe base-Ireland, zihehehwa yichibi letalenta kanye nendawo ezungezile engcono yebhizinisi. Ngokwe- i-Irish Venture Capital Association[, i-VC ezinkampanini zase-Irish yazedlula izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2022, ngokuvela kwemithombo yangaphandle.

Amaqalo futhi agunyaza izivumelwano zezohwebo ze-Ireland ukuba zingene ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke. Ngokwesibonelo, inkampani ye-software-a-a-service (SAS) yase-Ireland ingasebenzisa i-Inturical Single Market ye-EU ukuze idayisele amakhasimende e-Jalimane, eFrance, nasePoland ngaphandle kokubhekana nemingcele enzima engokomthetho noma esemthethweni. Ngokufanayo, isivumelwano sezentengo eziphindwe kabili ze-USēreland nesivumelwano sokutshala intela samuva sinikeza abathengi namalungu aseMelika.

Ukusekela Kukahulumeni Nezohwebo

I-Inprise Ireland inendima ebalulekile ekuxhumaneni kokuqala namathuba amazwe ngamazwe. Ngezinhlanganisela zayo zamahhovisi aphesheya, isiza izinkampani ezintsha ukuba zithole abahambisi bamabhizinisi, zimise iziteshi, futhi zihlanganyele ezindaweni zokuhweba. Inikeza futhi iminikelo yokucwaninga ngemakethe, ukujwayela imikhiqizo, nokuqashwa kwamanye amazwe. Lokhu kusekela kwezinhlangano kunciphisa ingozi yamafemu asesiteji aqalayo futhi kusheshisa umjikelezo wazo wobuchwepheshe.

Ukucwaninga Okuyinkimbinkimbi Nezici Zokulungisa

Amayunivesithi namayunivesithi nocwaningo lwase-Ireland ahlanganyela ngokuzikhandla ekuxhaseni i-EU kanye nezinye izinkampani ezisebenzisanayo. Izinhlelo ezifana ne- Eureka kanye ne-[FLT]EUP Space Agency ye-Business Incubation Center [[ zivumela ukuqala kwe-Ireland ukuba kuvumelane nontanga yamanye amazwe, kuhlanganyele i-R&D izindleko, kanye nokungena kwezobuchwepheshe obusha. Lokhu kubambisana okunciphilela kwe-engapheli ye-pane kungul kungumphumela oqondile wokuhlangana okujulile kwe-Irilande kwemiphakathi kwezokuhwebelana.

Izinselele: Izingozi Zezombangazwe Nezezomnotho Ezingaphezu Kwezinga

Ingozi Yokugxilisa Ingqondo

Enye yezinselele ezicindezela kakhulu ukuncika ngokweqile kwe-Ireland kubantu abasebenza nabo nabezingxenye ezimbalwa. I-US ithumela ingxenye enkulu ye-FDI nezindawo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Noma ikuphi ukuwohloka kwezomnotho zase-US, ukushintsha kwenkambiso yentela yenkampani (umz., intela enciphile kakhulu ye-OECD emhlabeni wonke), noma ukungezwani kwezombangazwe kungathinta kakhulu indalo yase-Ireland. Ngokufanayo, umkhakha wokuthazo wemithi, obuswa yinani elincane le-US ne-Europe, usengozini yokukhokha amadwala kanye nezinguquko ze-prothegial.

I - Breit effect ne - Divergence

I-Breit yasungula ubunkimbinkimbi nezindleko zefemu yase-Ireland ezithengisa nge-UK. Nakuba i-TCA yasusa izigebengu zobufunda, izithiyo ezingangeni ngokomthetho njengezimemezelo zezezendabuko, izisekelo zezenhlanzeko, nemithetho eyisisekelo yezindawo iye yandisa imithwalo yokulawula. Lokhu kuye kwaphoqelela izinkampani ezithile ukuba zilungise kabusha amaketanga noma imisebenzi yokulungisa, okungase kuthinte i-R&D. Ukususa kwezobuchwepheshe bezentengiselwano nezentengiselwano kuvele njengempendulo, kodwa imiphumela emide ehlala isikhathi eside ayiqiniseki.

Izakhiwo Nezindawo Zokuhlala

Ukwanda ngokushesha kwezentengiselwano ne FDI kuye kwafaka ukucindezela ezinjwayezini ezingokomzimba, ikakhulukazi e-Ireland. Ukuswelakala kwezindlu, izintela eziphakeme, nokuminyana kwezimoto kwenza kube nzima ukudonsa nokugcina ithalenta. Lokhu kuvimbela kungavimbela ukusungulwa uma kubambezela izintambo zemisebenzi noma kusunduza izinkampani ukuba zifune enye indawo. Uhulumeni uye wasungula izinyathelo ezinjenge-National Development Plan [ ukucabangela lezindaba, kodwa intuthuko iyacotha.

Ukuncika kuR& ePhakeme Kakhulu;D

Ingxenye enkulu ye-R& yase-Ireland; izindleko zenziwa yifemu zakwamanye amazwe. Nakuba lokhu kuletha izinzuzo ezisheshayo, kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokugcinwa isikhathi eside: uma i-MNC inquma ukuthatha indawo yayo ye-R&D kwelinye izwe, inguquko yendawo ingaphazamiseka. Ukwakha i-R&D amandla ngokusekela izinkampani ezizimele zase-Irish kuyinto ephambili.

Amathuba: Ukwehlukanisa Nokuchuma Kwamakethe

Izivumelwano Ezintsha Zohwebo

I-Ireland ilungele ukuzuza ekuhwebelaneni okusha kwe-EU esebenzelana namazwe afana Indiya, Australia, kanye uMercosur[ (I-South America]]]). Lezivumelwano zingavula izimakethekethe ezinkulu, ezikhula ngokushesha zempahla nemisebenzi yase-Ireland, ikakhulukazi emangxenyeni anjenge-agri-chtech, ifinthertech, kanye namandla avuselelwe. Ukuvela emabuthweni ezindawo zezentengiselwano ezindawo ezihlukahlukene ukuze zihlangabene nezimfuneko ezihlukene zokuthenga, ukwakhiwa nobuchwepheshe.

Ukushintsha Kotshani Nezinombolo

Impindelo yomhlaba wonke yokuzinzisa nokulungisa i-inshorensi ye-Ireland inikeza ithuba elikhulu lokuthuthukisa imvelo. Izinkampani zase-Ireland kakade zingabaholi kumandla omoya wolwandle (ukusiza ekuxhumaneni nefemu yaseYurophu), [ i-software yokuhlola i-software , [FLT:] futhi [FLT:]]data alytics[. Ubuhlobo bezohwebo bungasheshisa lentuthuko ngokwenza ukuba itebhulo oluluhlaza nolwembukuthunyelwa kweziso. I-EUPAR [FLT:] [FLT] [FLT] [FLT][5][5]

Ukuqinisa Ukubuyiselwa Komdabu

Kunokuqashelwa okwandayo ukuthi i-Ireland idinga ukuthuthukisa ukusungulwa kwezinto ezitshalwa ekhaya ukuze inciphise ukuncika ku-MNCs. Inkambiso yezohwebo ingasekela lokhu ngokusiza ama-Irish SME kanye nokuqala ukufinyelela kwamanye amazwe i-R&D inikeza, isebenzisana nezinhlangano zokucwaninga zomhlaba wonke, futhi ithumela kwamanye amazwe. Imizamo kahulumeni enjenge Drupritive Techntions Involution Fund kanye [FLT:] ne[FLT] 2020 iklate ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zomphakathi, nezinhlangano zezohwebo zezentengo zifana kakhulu ne-Ireland nenkampani zakwamanye amazwe.

Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo

Izimiso zemvelo ezithuthukisiwe zase-Ireland ziyoqhubeka zilolongwa yimifelandawonye yazo yezohwebo. Ukuthambekela okuyinhloko kokugada kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwenani eliphansi lentela ye-OECD (15%), okunganciphisa inzuzo yentela ye-Ireland kodwa futhi kungaholela ekuncintisaneni okuncane kakhulu okusekelwe ethaleni, ezimbonini zezakhiwo, nasekusekeleni intuthuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushintsho oluqhubekayo lwezinqubo zobuchwepheshe kanye nonyuko lwe-AII, i-biotech, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza kuzakuvula amasu amasha amasha amasha emisebenzi yezohwebo.

I- Trade ne-Investicement Strategy 2023-2027 ihlela ukuncishiswa kwezindawo, ukuhwebelana kwamanani, nokusekelwa. Ngokuqinisa ubuhlobo nezomnotho ezisanda kuvela nokutshala i-R&D izisekelo, i-Ireland ihlose ukugcina isiphetho sayo. Impumelelo yalendlela izoxhomeke ekuqondiseni izindlu nezindawo zokusebenza, iqhubeke iheha italente, futhi iqinisekise ukuthi izinzuzo zezohwebo zifinyelela zonke izifunda zezwe.

Ekuphetheni, ukusebenzelana kwezentengiselwano ze-Ireland akumane nje kuhamba izimpahla emingceleni − ziyiziteshi ezithi inhloko - dolobha, ulwazi, kanye nokuhamba okusha. Ukuhlobana okungalawuleki phakathi kwezohwebo nokusungulwa kwezinto kuye kwenza i-Ireland yaba isikhungo sembulunga yonke sezobuchwepheshe nesayensi yokuphila. Nakuba izinselele ezifana nokuzimela nokuzimela nokungahleleki kwempahla nokuzisebenzela kwempahla kuqhubeke, amathuba anikezwa ngemisebenzi emisha, ukushintsha kohlaza nokwentuthuko kwezibalo. Ukuze i-Ireland ihlale ihamba phambili ekuthuthukiseni intuthuko, kumelwe iqhubeke ifaka inzuzo yayo ehlelekile, isambayo kokubili esikhungweni somzimba nesomphakathi esisekela ukuchuma okuvulekayo, okunamandla.

Izikhombo zangaphandle ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe: