Ukuthula Okuphawulekayo Kwakhelwa Ebunzimeni Obubuhlungu

I-Good Wearth Agreement − ngokuvumelana ne-Belfast Agreement (iSivumelwano se-Belfast) yasayinwa ngo-10 April 1998, okwaphawula isiphetho samashumi eminyaka engxoxo yezombangazwe nezindawo zokuthula. Yaqeda ubudlova obukhulu bamahlelo obaziwa ngokuthi izinkathazo, impi eyabulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-3, yashiya amashumi ezinkulungwane elimala ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Nokho, iSivumelwano asizange sisayinwe ngokuqeda nje kuphela ukuyeka umlilo noma ukumisa uhulumeni onamandla. Kusukela ekuqaleni, abaklami baso baqaphela ukuthi ukuthula okungaboshelwayo, okuhambisana nomthetho wesikhathi esidlule. Ngakho iSivumeno safaka uchungechunge seqiniso nokubuyisana okuklanywe ukudingiswa kobudlova, ukuvuma ukuhlupheka kwezisulu nabasindisiwe, nokubekwa kwezindawo zesikhathi esizayo.

Umqondo wokubhekana nobudlova besikhathi esidlule ngokululama nokubuyisana wawungesisha. IQiniso ne-Reconciliation Commission yaseNingizimu Afrika yayisiqalile umsebenzi wayo ngo-1996, ukunikeza i-profile evelele yezinhlangano zangemva kwesivumelwano. Enyakatho ye-Ireland, inselele yayihlukile: lempi yayingeyona impi eqondile yombango yombango noma umzabalazo omelene nezwe kodwa impikiswano ejulile yomphakathi ehilela amabutho ombuso, amaqembu amabutho empi nhlangothi zombili, futhi abemi bomdalinye abanjwe yindawo eqedilene. I-Gooflyver Aguence yavuma ukuthi lenst proctivedsssssss yakha leli khono eliyinkimbinkimbi futhi yaveza indlela yokuveza iqiniso, ikhuthaza ukuqondana, nokuphilisa phakathi kwemiphakathi.

Umlando: Okwenza Iqiniso Nokubuyisana Kwalo Kube Okubalulekile

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani iSivumelwano sagcizelela kangaka iqiniso nokubuyisana, kudingekile ukuqonda izinga nohlobo lokulimala okwabangelwa yiziNqaba. Phakathi kuka-1968 no-1998, i-Northern Ireland yabhekana nomjikelezo wonya wokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu, ukudubula, ukwesabisa, nokuphoqelelwa. Lempi yabangelwa izenzo zonya eziphezulu zomthetho ezinjengalokhu kudubula kweSonto lika-1979 eDerry, iDublin neMonaghan, kanye nokubhomba kwe-Oma ngo-1998 okwenzeka ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa nje kwesivumelwano.

Enye yezikhundla eziyingozi kakhulu zezinkinga kwakuyisiko lokuthula nokungabikho kwesibopho esingokomthetho. Ukubulala okuningi akuzange kuphendulwe ngokufanelekile. Amabutho ezokuvikela ayehileleke ekuhlanganeni namabutho athembekile, kuyilapho amaqembu amaRepublic ayeqhuba ukubulala kwawo siqu ngaphakathi nokuhlasela kwesijeziso. Izisulu nemikhaya yazo zazivame ukuzizwa zishiywe umbuso futhi zihlukanisiwe nemiphakathi yazo. Kulendawo, iqiniso lalingesona nje inqubo yemfundo yemfundo; kwakuyimfuneko yalabo ababencishwa ubulungisa nemithetho edingekayo ukuze baphinde bathembele ezikhungweni.

Isivumelwano seGood Wear Advement saqaphela ukuthi ngaphandle kwenqubo ethembekile yokulungisa inkathi edlule, ukuxazulula ukuthula kungahlala kulula. Izikhalo ezingaxazululwanga zingakhula futhi zithathe izingxabano. Ngakho - ke isivumelwano sazibophezela ekumiseni izinqubo ezizovumela ukuphenywa kokufa, ukuvuselelwa kwezinsalela, ukuvunywa kokulimala, nokukhuthazwa kokubuyisana kokubili umuntu ngamunye noma isigaba somphakathi.

Iqembu Lezokuhlola Elingokomlando Neminye Imikhakha Yokuhlola

Inqubo evelele kakhulu yenhlangano eyasungulwa ngaphansi kweSivumelwano se-Good Wesihlanu esenzeka phakathi kuka-1968 no-1998, ngaphandle kwalabo kakade ababesebhekene nemibuzo eqhubekayo. Inhloso yayo yayingeyokuba abamangaleli baso //ingxenyeni yobufakazi obuthi i-PSNNI). I-HET yasebenza ngokuhlola kabusha zonke izinkathazo ezabangelwa ukufa phakathi kuka-1968 no-1998, ngaphandle kwalabo kakade ababengabazi ukuthi babuza imibuzo eqhubekayo.

I-HET yamelela ukusuka okuphawulekayo emikhubeni yangaphambili yamaphoyisa. Yamukela indlela yokuthatha izisulu, yahlanganyela ngokuqondile nemikhaya, yahlola amafayela ezenzakalo zakuqala, futhi yasebenzisa amasu anamuhla okuhlola i-examine. Iqembu lahlelwa laba amaqembu ahlukene ukuze lihlole irepublic, i-heast, nokubulala okunamandla, okubonisa isidingo sokusebenzisa izindinganiso ezingaguquguquki kuzo zonke izigigaba. Eminyakeni yayo eyishumi yokusebenza, i-HET yahlola ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-800 000 futhi yanikeza imibiko eningiliziwe emikhayeni.

Nokho, i-HET yayingenampikiswano. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ukusondela kwayo e-PSNI kwanciphisa ukuzimela kwayo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezithiwa zihilela ukuhlaselwa kwe-athomu lokhuseleko. Umbiko wokuhlolwa ka-2013 we-Henrother’s Inpectorate of Conssabulally wathola amaphutha amakhulu endleleni i-HET eyaphenya ngayo ukubulala kwamasosha namaphoyisa, okwaholela ekulahlekelweni kwethemba phakathi kweminye imikhaya namaqembu omphakathi. I-HET yagcina incitshiswe ngo-2014 futhi yathathelwa indawo yi-Refection Beart, eqhubeka esebenza ngayo phakathi kwe-PSNI ngaphansi kwesimiso esibukeziwe.

Ngapha kwe-HET, i-Intependent Commission for the Commission for the Council of the Deses, egxila ekulungiseni labo abangcwatshwe ngasese amaqembu ezempi phakathi nempi ("ikhomishane ebizwa ngokuthi "Ivele"." lenkampane iye yaphumelela ngokuphawulekayo, ithola izinsalela zezisulu eziningi futhi yavala imikhaya yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iKhomisha yaBasulu nabasinda yasungulwa ukuhlanganisa izinkonzo zokusekela nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zalabo abathinteke kakhulu ngobudlova zihlala zibalulekile.

Ukululama Kweqiniso Ngaphandle Kokuphenywa Amaphoyisa

Nakuba amaphoyisa ayehlola isisekelo somkhakha weqiniso, i-Good Wear Agreement yacabanga ukuthi i-Friver Accounting izoba nolwazi olubanzi, futhi inqubo egcwele kakhulu engathola imithombo eminingi yolwazi nolwazi. Izinhlangano zomphakathi nezinhlangano zezemfundo ziye zafeza indima ebalulekile ekubhaleni izimpi nokudala izithuba zokuxoxa. Imisebenzi enjenge-CAIN Web Service (I-Conflict Archive ku-Internet) eUlster University inikeza indawo enkulu yemithombo yemithombo, kuhlanganise nezinkulumo zobufakazi, i-chrongalogies, ne-opensions. Lemicebo iqinisekisa ukuthi umlando uyatholakala kubacwaningi, othisha, nomphakathi.

Enye into ebalulekile iwumzabalazo womlando odluliselwa ngomlomo, oye waqoqa izinkulungwane zobufakazi bomuntu siqu obuvela kubantu abadabula i-Ireland. I-BBC 's "Izinkinga: Uchungechunge lwezeNhlohloko" nochungechunge lwezinqubo eziningi "Ukuthula noPiphath" enqolobaneni ye-Linen Hall Library eBelfast yizibonelo zemizamo yokuthola okuhlangenwe nakho kwezakhamuzi ezivamile ezibanjwe ezimweni ezingavamile. Le miqoqo iphelelisa ukuphenywa okungokomthetho ngokunikeza imibono evame ukulahlekelwa yizenzo ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho ezivamile ezivame ukulahlekelwa ukwesaba kwansuku zonke, izenzo zomusa ezithule zinqamula amahlelo ahlukene, kanye nokungasithathi somqondo obuntu obude wokuhlala ezimpini.

Emphakathini, izikhawu ezikhuluma iqiniso ezihlanganisa abantu ababesebalwa, izisulu, nabasha ukuze baxoxe ngezindaba futhi bacabange ngemiphumela yobudlova. Izinhlangano ezinjengokuphilisa Ngenkumbulo ne-Jixbust ziye zasiza ukuba izingxoxo ezikhuthaza abahlanganyela ukuba bahambele phambili ngaphandle kwezindaba eziqinile zokubekwa icala nezici. Lezi zinyathelo ziqaphela ukuthi ukubuyisana akuyona inqubo ephezulu engabekwa ohulumeni noma abalamuleli bomhlaba wonke; kumelwe kulondolozwe ngokusekela, ukubhekana nobuso obusemqophelweni wesintu.

Izinyathelo Zokubuyisana Nokwelapha Umphakathi

Umbono we-Good Wear Agreement we-Fear agreement we-livery wanwetshwa kakhulu ngaphaya kokululama kweqiniso. Yagcizelela futhi isidingo sezinyathelo ezisebenzayo ezazingakha ukwethembana phakathi kwemiphakathi futhi zakha izimo zomphakathi ohlukene. Omunye wemiphumela ebonakalayo uye waba ukuthuthukisa imfundo ehlangene kakhulu, ukuhlanganisa abantwana bamaProthestani namaKatolika emakilasini afanayo. Nakuba izikole ezihlangene zihlala zimbalwa eNyakatho ye-Ireland, ukukhula kwazo kusukela ngo-1998 kubonisa umzamo wamabomu wokuqeda isigaba sezemfundo ekwakheni phakathi kwezinkinga. Izifundo ziye zabonisa ukuthi izingane ezifunda ezifunda ezikoleni ezihlangene zivame kakhulu ukwakha ubuhlobo obuphakathi kwe-communy.

Izinhlelo zokuxoxa zomphakathi nazo ziye zaba yisici esiyinhloko semizamo yokubuyisana. "Isinyathelo Esincane", esithathwe esifanekisweni saseMelika, sikhuthaza abantu abanezizinda ezihlukene ukuba babe nezingxoxo ezihleliwe ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo nangezindinganiso, bagxile esintwini esisodwa kunokuba bagxile ezikhundleni zezombangazwe. Ngokufanayo, uhlelo lwe-"Public Benegronence" olulawulwa yi-Community Relations Council luletha ndawonye izakhamuzi ezisezindaweni ezisezikhundleni lapho imiphakathi yamaProthestani namaKatolika ihlala khona isondelene kakhulu(ukuxoxa ngezindaba zendawo kanye nokubambisana kwemisebenzi ezuzisa wonke umuntu.)

Izifundo ezithatha inyathelo ngomlando wengxabano ziye zaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Umsebenzi "Ukwenza Izethu Umlando", osekelwa yiCorrymeela Community ne Ulster University, unikeza imithombo yokufundisa nokuqeqesha kothisha abafuna ukusingatha izinkathazo emakilasini abo. Kunokuba banikeze ukulandisa okukodwa okungokomthetho, lezizinto zikhuthaza abafundi ukuba bahlanganyele ngombono ohlukene, kuhlanganise nalezo zezisulu ezivela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, ezazilwa, nabakhi boxolo. Lendlela isiza intsha ukuba ihlakulele amakhono okucabanga agxekayo nokuqonda okuhlukile komlando womphakathi wamuva, inciphise ingozi yokuthi bayozuza izizukulwane ezidlule.

Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zokubuyisana Ngaphansi Kwesivumelwano

Ukuze uqonde ubukhulu obuphelele besimiso sokubuyisana se-Good Wear Agreement, kuwusizo ukuhlola izakhi ezithile eziye zasetshenziswa kusukela ngo-1998. Lezi zici zincikene: ukululama kweqiniso ngaphandle kokusekelwa izisulu akunanzuzo, futhi ukuxoxa komphakathi ngaphandle kwenguquko yemfundo akunakwenzeka ukuba kuveze ushintsho oluhlala njalo.

Ukutshela Iqiniso Izinsumansumane Nezake Zalwa

Izikhathi zokulandisa iqiniso ezisungulweyo ziye zaba isisekelo somkhuba wokubuyisana eNyakatho Ireland. Isimiso "Izehlulelo" esilawulwa yiKhomishane Yezisulu Nabasindi, sinikeza izimali zemisebenzi ehlanganisa abantu ababhekana nengxabano ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ezinye iziqephu zigxila ekuhlanganyeleni izisulu ezihlanganyela izindaba zazo endaweni esekelanayo, kuyilapho ezinye zihilela ababesebuthweni lazo zombili izizinda zobuRepublic nezobuqotho ezikhuluma ngezisusa zabo nangokuhlangenwe nakho. Lezi zingenza imisebenzi ibe namandla kakhulu ngokomzwelo, kodwa abahlanganyela kuyo babika kaningi ukuthi basiza abantu ukuba bahlanganyele "ezinye uhlangothi" futhi banciphise umqondo wokubonisa unya olwenze ubudlova.

Impumelelo yalezi zikhathi ixhomeke ekukhulumeni okungochwepheshe kanye nasekuhleleni okucacile kokufihla imfihlo nokuhloniphana. Izinhlangano ezinjenge "Abasindi Bokuthula" ziye zasungula imithetho eqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abathatha igalelo bazizwa bephephile nokuthi iminikelo yabo iphathwa ngesizo esihloniphekile. Ukuhlola kokuzimela kubonise ukuthi ukulandisa iqiniso kungaholela ekuncipheni okungalawulekiyo embangweni yobutha nokuzimisela okwandayo ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yokunqamule iziphano.

Izinhlelo zokuxoxa zomphakathi

Izinhlelo zezokuxhumana zisebenza emazingeni amaningi, kusukela emihlanganweni engokomthetho ehlanganisa abaholi bezombangazwe ezinhlanganweni zekhofi ezivamile ezisezikhungweni zomphakathi. "Ingxoxo Yezokuthula" esetshenziswa yi-Northern Ireland Council for Voluntainst Action, igxila ezindaweni ezibona amazinga aphakeme obudlova nobandlululo. Abathathi-nxaxheba basebenza ndawonye emisebenzini esebenzayo . Ngokufana nokuhlanganisa izithuba zomphakathi noma ukuhlanganisa ama-club amaqembu entsha ahlangene. . Ingxoxo ayiyona ngokuyinhloko ngenkathi edlule kodwa ngekusasa, nakuba izikhalo zakudala zivunywa lapho zivela.

Amanyathelo Okufundisa Ngomlando Wengxabano

Imfundo ibiyinkundla ebucayi yokubuyisana. Imfundo ibalulekile kubafundi, iqhathanisa ama-odad History, futhi ixoxa ngemibuzo engokwezimiso esungulwe yi-Council for the Curriculum, i-Stuatings and Assessment (CCEA), inikeza imithombo yokufundisa izinkathazo ngendlela elinganiselwe nelinganayo. Abafundi bahlola imithombo eyisisekelo, baqhathanisa ukulandisa okuhlukene kwesenzakalo esifanayo, futhi baxoxe ngemibuzo engokokuziphatha emayelana nobudlova, ubulungisa, nokuthethelela. Izinhlelo zothisha zihlobisa abafundisi ngamakhono okusingatha izingxoxo ezibucayi nokusekela abafundi abanezizinda ezihlukene. Umgomo awukona ukwakha uhlobo olulodwa "odwa" lomlando kodwa ukuhlobisa abantu abasebasha ngamathuluzi ukuze bacabange ngokugxeka ngezindaba abahlangabezana nazo ekhaya nasemiphakathini yabo.

Ukusekela Izisulu Nemikhaya Yazo

Izisulu kanye nabasindayo baye baba yisici esiyinhloko sokufezwa kwe-Good Wear Agreement's. INgxowa yeZisulu, eyamiswa ngo-2014, inikeza ukusekela okungokwezimali kwezempilo, ukululeka, nezinye izinkonzo. IKhomishane yezisulu nabasindi basebenza izakhiwo zokusekela zendawo ezinikeza iseluleko, ukuqapha, nokunakekela okungokwengqondo. Eminyakeni yamuva, kuye kwaba nokuqashelwa okukhulu ukuthi izisulu zivela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi zengxabano nokuthi izidingo zazo zihlukene: abanye bafuna ubulungisa ngezinkantolo, abanye bafuna ukunconywa nokuxolisa, futhi abanye bathanda ukugxila ekulungiseni ukuphila kwabo ngaphandle kokuvumelana njalo nezindlela ezidlule. Isimiso esisabelayo kumelwe sihlalise zonke lezi zindlela.

Izinselele Nokugxekwa Kwale Nkambi

Naphezu kwentuthuko eyenziwa emashumini amabili eminyaka adlule, iqiniso nenqubo yokubuyisana eNyakatho Ireland iye yabhekana nezithiyo eziphawulekayo. Okunye ukugxeka okuphikelelayo ukuthi ukwakheka kuye kwahlukaniswa kakhulu futhi kwangafakwanga isisekelo. Ukwanda kwezindikimba ezihlukene [1] i-HET, i-Legacy Investigation Branch, iKhomishane yamaHlathi ne-Espost, i- Independent Commission for the Locale of the Deses, kanye nemisebenzi eminingi yomphakathi ngezinye izikhathi iye yaholela ekusebenziseni, ukudidelwa, ukudideleka, nokungaboni, nezikhala. Imikhaya kuye kwadingeka ihambe ngemida yeminyango eyinkimbinkimbi enemiyalo nezindlela ezihlukahlukene, yanezela ekucindezeleni kwayo.

Enye inselele enkulu kuye kwaba ukuntuleka kwemvume yezombangazwe ngendlela yokulungisa ifa lempi. I-Northern Ireland Assembly, lapho isebenza, iye yazama ukuvumelana ngesimiso sefa elibanzi. I-Tormont House Aguement kahulumeni waseBrithani ka-2014 yahlongoza umzimba omusha .A Historical Refections Unit [1] ozoqinisa imisebenzi eminingi ekhona, kodwa ukumiswa kwemisebenzi ekhona kuye kwaqhubeka phakathi kwezingxabano ngenxa yezinga layo nenkululeko yayo. Amaqembu ezisulu aye aveza ukukhungathekiswa ukuthi inqubo yezombangazwe ayizange idluliselwe ezithembisweni ezenziwa ngo-1998.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imiphakathi inomuzwa wokuthi amaqiniso athile ahlala efihliwe noma engavunywa. Ukubambisana phakathi kwamabutho esizwe namabutho athembekile kuye kwaba yindaba yemibuzo eminingi, kodwa izinga eligcwele lokuhileleka ngokomthetho ebudloveni alikaze liqiniswe. Amaqembu alwayo aseRiphabliki nawo aye agxekwa ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kwawo ukunikeza izindaba ezigcwele zemisebenzi yawo, kuhlanganise nokubulala kwangaphakathi kanye nokuphatha abanikeli. Ukungakho kwenqubo yokuxoxiwa noma inqubo yokuzivikela kuye kwasho ukuthi iqiniso livame ukuvela ngezingozi ezingokomthetho, kudumaza abanye abantu ukuba baqhubekele phambili.

Kukhona futhi umbuzo wokuthi ingabe ukuphishekela ukubuyisana kuye kwabekwa ezisulwini kunokuba kwahlakulelwa kuzo. abanye abasinda baphikisa ngokuthi ukugcizelela ukuthethelela nokuqhubekela phambili kuye kwasetshenziselwa ukuzicindezela ukuba zithule, ikakhulukazi lapho izicelo zabo zobulungisa zingqubuzana nokuzinza kwezombangazwe. Ukulinganisela phakathi kokuvuma ukubambisana kwesikhathi esidlule nokubangela ukubambisana esikhathini esizayo kuhlala kubucayi futhi kuphikiswana.

Imibono Eqhathaniswayo: Ukufunda Kwenye Izinhlangano Ze - Post - Conlict

Iqiniso le-Northern Ireland nemizamo yokubuyisana kuye kwatshelwa futhi kwaqhathaniswa nezinqubo kwamanye amazwe. I-Qiniso ne-Reconciliation Commission yaseNingizimu Afrika iyindawo yokukhomba evame ukucashunwa, kodwa indlela yase-Ireland yaseNyakatho iyahluka ngezindlela eziphawulekayo. I-South Africa ikhethe ukukhomishano eyodwa, ephezulu ephezulu ephethe izindlebe zomphakathi, amalungiselelo okuthethelelwa, kanye nomthetho ocacile. Ngokuphambene, i-Northern Ireland iphishekele icebo elihloniphekayo, eligcizelela isibopho somphakathi futhi ligwema i-amfonsoles. Isibonelo ngasinye sineziciko.

Inqubo yaseNingizimu Afrika yaveza umlando oqashelwa kakhulu futhi yabangela ukuvunywa komphakathi kokuphulwa okukhulu kwamalungelo abantu. Nokho, abagxeki baphawula ukuthi kwangaphambili kwabangela ukubuyisana ngenxa yokulandisa futhi kwashiya izisulu eziningi zinomuzwa wokuthi abaphangi baphunyukile ebulungisa. ENorthern Ireland, ukuntuleka kokuxolelwa okungokomthetho kuye kwasho ukuthi ukuqulwa kwaqhubeka kunokwenzeka, kodwa uma kuqalwa, kumbalwa kakhulu izimo eziye zaphumela ekukholelweni, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokudlula kwesikhathi nobunzima bokuqoqa ubufakazi obungaqiniseki. Lokhu kuye kwashiya imikhaya ethile isesimweni sokungaqiniseki, futhi ayizange ithole ubulungisa noma ifeze ukugcinwa kwesibopho seqiniso.

Ezinye izibonelo eziqhathaniswa zihlanganisa izinqubo eColombia, eChile, nase-partheid Namibia. Inqubo yokuthula yaseColombia neFARC yahlanganisa isimiso sobulungisa esibanzi esahlanganisa ukululama kweqiniso, ukubuyiselwa, nokuhlelwa kwemibandela. IKhomishanti yeSizwe laseChile yeQiniso ne-Conciliation egxile ekubhaleni ukufa nokunyamalala ngaphansi kobushiqela bePinochet, inikeza ukuvuma okungokomthetho kodwa ukulandisa okulinganiselwe. Indaba ngayinye igcizelela ukuthi akukho icebo elilodwa lokusebenzelana nempikiswa kobudlova; umklamo weqiniso nezimiso zokubuyisana kumelwe kuqondiswe kwezombangazwe ezithile, amasiko, nomthetho omthetho.

IResource: Ukufunda okwengeziwe ngobulungisa bokushintsha, International Center for Transitualial Justice inikeza izifundo eziningiliziwe zezendaba nokuhlaziywa okuvela emhlabeni wonke.

Ifa Lesivumelwano Esihle SangoLwesihlanu

Cishe amashumi amathathu eminyaka ngemva kokuba i-Good Wear Advement isayiniwe, iqiniso layo kanye nezinyathelo zokubuyisana kusekhona. Izinhlangano zezombangazwe ezisungulwe ngaphansi kwesivumelwano ziye zabhekana nezinhlekelele eziphindaphindiwe nezintethe, zibonisa ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo kokuthembana ngesiphambano. Nokho, isibopho esiyisisekelo sokukhuluma ngenkathi edlule asizange sishiywe. Ngo-2021, uhulumeni waseBrithani wanyathelisa iphepha lokuhlola elichaza iziphakamiso "ezibanzi" zokusebenzelana nefa lezinkinga, kuhlanganise nomthetho ongase ube khona wokulinganiselwa kwezenzo zombango phakathi nempi. Lezi zihlongo zamacala akuzange kuphikiswe, namaqembu ezinhlangothini zabantu aphikisa ukuthi noma iziphi iziphakaniso ngaphandle kokululama kweqiniso zingeke zamukeleki.

Inkulumo - mpikiswano eqhubekayo iqokomisa ukucindezeleka okuyinhloko okuye kwaveza yonke le nqubo: indlela yokuhlonipha ukuhlupheka kwezisulu kuyilapho kudala indawo yalabo ababeyizitha ukuba bahlale ndawonye. Indlela ye-Good Wear Advement yayisekelwe enkolelweni yokuthi lemigomo ayiphikisani kodwa iyaqinisana. Ukululama kweqiniso kunikeza isisekelo sokuvuma, okwenza ukuba iqiniso likwazi ukubuyisana. Nokho indlela esuka eqinisweni ukuya ekubuyisaneni ayizenzakaleli noma ayilungelelani. Idinga ukuhola kwezombangazwe, isondlo somphakathi, kanye nokutshala izimali ezinhlanganweni ezisekela ingxoxo nokuphilisa.

Naphezu kobunzima, okuhlangenwe nakho kwasenyakatho Ireland kunikeza izifundo ezibalulekile. Ukugcizelelwa kokululama kweqiniso okuphakathi], ukuhlanganiswa kwengxoxo yengxoxo nenqubo yokucwaninga esemthethweni, kanye nokuhlelwa [[FLT:] [[FLT] [4] ukubuyisana okumelwe kwakhiwe emazingeni amaningi [kusukela kweyomuntu siqu kuya ekuhleleni] imikhuba yokwakha ukuthula. [[FLT] Ikhumbulela ngokukhumbula [[FLT]], ukuhlelwa, ukuvenezelwa kwezindlela zeqiniso, ukuveneze kuvezwe futhi kuvenenye izinhlangano.

Imizamo Eqhubekayo Nekusasa Lokubuyisana

Ukubuyisana e-Northern Ireland akuwona umsebenzi ophelele ozoqedwa novaliwe. Yinqubo eqhubekayo okumelwe ivumelane nezimo ezishintshayo. Isimo sezombangazwe siye sashintsha ngokuphawulekayo kusukela ngo-1998, lapho kuvela amaqembu amasha, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezakhamuzi, kanye nethonya le-Brexit ekulinganiseni komthetho-sisekelo wesifunda. Intsha eyazalwa ngemva kwe-Good Wesihlanu Actription ikhulele emphakathini ohleliwe ngokuthula kodwa ohlala uhlukene kakhulu emigqeni yamahlelo. Inseleleko yesizukulwane esizayo kumelwe yakhele ukuhlukanisa okungalingani okudlula izigaba ezimbili zakudala.

Izindlela eziningana zisebenza njengamanje kulomgomo. Isimiso se "Treace IV" esixhaswe yi-European Union, siye safaka izimali emisebenzini enqamule i-communsion, kuhlanganise nokuthuthukisa izithuba nezinkonzo ezihlanganyelwe. "Togeten: ukwakha i-United Community" indlela, eqalwa yiNyakatho Ireland Guidement, ihlose ukususa imingcele ehlukanisayo futhi ithuthukise ukuhlanganiswa kwezindlu, imfundo, nomsebenzi. Umsebenzi weKhomishini yeZisulu nabanqobi uyaqhubeka uqala, ngokugcizelela okukhulayo ekusekeleni impilo yengqondo kanye nenhlekelele yenkathi.

Indima yemfundo ihlala ibalulekile. Iprojekthi "Ukufundisa iNkimbi", esekelwe eYunivesithi yase-Queen's Belfast, ithuthukisa izinto zohlelo lwezifundo kanye nezimo zothisha ezilungisa ukungqubuzana ngendlela elinganiselwe nebanzi. Ngokuhlomisela intsha ngolwazi olungokomlando namakhono anzima, lezinhlelo zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi amaphutha esikhathi esidlule awaphindi. Geographic Affaices and Peacebuildiault [[ iqembu lokucwaninga eYunivesithi yeNdlobezi linyathelise ukucwaninga okunzulu ngomphumela walezi zindlela.

Isiphetho: Ukuvela Okuqhubekayo Kombono Wesivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu

Iqiniso lesivumelwano saseNhlanu nezokubuyisana kwakungesona isiqalo sokucabanga noma sokuvumelana. Zaziyikhomfa eliyinhloko lesivumelwano sokuthula esaqaphela ukuthi ukukhuluma ngesikhathi esidlule kuyisici esibalulekile sokwakha ikusasa elizinzileyo. Izinhlangano, uhlelo, nezingxoxo eziye zavela eSivumelwaneni ziye zanikeza ukuvunywa kwezinkulungwane zezisulu, zakha izindawo zezingxoxo ezinzima, futhi zabeka isisekelo somphakathi ogcwele. Ngalesosikhathi, ukulinganiselwa nokukhungatheka kwale nqubo kusikhumbuza ukuthi ukubuyisana kudinga ukubekezela, ukwethembeka, nomzamo oqhubekayo.

Isivumelwano sisondela ku- ukululama kweqiniso, ukusekelwa, ukuxoxisana komphakathi, nemfundo ``iveza uhlelo olungahlelwa kwezinye izinxulumano. Njenge- Nobel Peace Prize [ ikomiti evunywe ngokunikeza umklomelo ka-1998 kuJohn Hume noDavid Trimble, abaklami besivumelwano babeqonda ukuthi ukuthula kumelwe kwakhiwe ngaphezu kokuphela komlilo. Kudinga ukuzimisela ukubhekana namaqiniso angathandeki, ukulalela labo abaye bahlupheka, futhi bacabange ikusasa elingachazwangawasho ubutha bakudala.

Umsebenzi weqiniso nokubuyisana eNyakatho Ireland awukapheli. Izinhlangano zezombangazwe zihlala zintekenteke, futhi ifa leZinkathazo liyaqhubeka lisusa ithunzi elide ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Nokho, izisekelo ezabekwa yi-Good Wear Adver Accounciption zinikeza iqophelo lapho izizukulwane ezizayo zingaqhubeka nomsebenzi wokwakha umphakathi ofanayo. Kunoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda ukuthi imiphakathi ehlukene ingaqala kanjani ukuphulukiswa, okuhlangenwe nakho kwayo eNyakatho ye-Irish (ngo-8) kanye nakho konke okufezisekelelwe kwayo kanye nebhizinisi layo elingakapheliziwe kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla.