I-Good Wesihlanu Agreement, eyasayinwa ngo-10 April 1998, ilokhu ingenye yezimo zezombangazwe nezenhlalo ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni wanamuhla waseBrithani ne-Irish. Yaqeda ngokusemthethweni iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yempi enobudlova eyaziwa ngokuthi iZinkathazo futhi yamisa isisekelo esisha sokubusa eNyakatho Ireland. I-Province ayizange iqede ubudlova obuvamile besakhiwo sokubambisana, ukuqaphelana, nokuphulukisa isikhathi eside. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela uLwesihlanu olusekela ngayo ukubuyisana phakathi kwalemiphakathi yalemiphakathi yayo eyisisekelo, i-irland ehlala ikhona, nezimiso zesizwe, nezimiso eziqhubekayo.

Izimiso Eziyinhloko Zesivumelwano Esingaphansi Komnyombo

I - Good Wear Agreement yakhiwe ezimisweni eziningana eziyisisekelo, ngayinye eklanyelwe ukuxazulula izimbangela eziyinhloko zokwehlukana nokwakha izimo lapho abashisekeli bemishado nesizwe bengahlala khona ngokuthula.

Ukulingana Nokuhloniphana

Isikhungo se-Ayrence siqashelwa ngokuqashelwa ukuthi imiphakathi inezici ezingokomthetho, izinhloso, namalungelo. Lesi simiso sokuhlonipheka sisho ukuthi akukho siko elingcono kunelinye. Isivumelwano sisho ngokucacile ukuthi abantu baseNyakatho Ireland banelungelo lokuziveza njenge-Ireland, iBrithani, noma kokubili, nokuthi lokhu kuphawula okungokomthetho kufanele kuhlonishwe. Lokhu kuqashelwe kwaba yinguquko ngesikhathi. Kungenxa yemiphakathi, kubekelwe indawo yase-Northern Ireland phakathi kwe-United Kingdom kuze kube i-voti enkulu. Kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi i-Ireland nempucuko ingesingamele ukuba ihloniswe ngendlela efanayo, nokuthi ukubuyiselwa komthetho kungaphindwa ngokuthula, okungoko. Lokhu kuqaphela kunciphisa umqondo wokusongela kwenhlangano ngayinye ehlangeneyo kanye nesisekelo somphakathi.

Uhulumeni Olawulayo

Isivumelwano samisa uhulumeni oncishisiwe lapho abanyunyana nabashisekeli besizwe behlangana khona ngokulinganayo. I-Northern Ireland Guide Administration idinga ukuhlangana kwezinqumo eziyinhloko, iqinisekisa ukuthi akukho mphakathi ongabusa omunye. INgqongqo Yokuqala nesekela likaNgqongqo Wokuqala bayisikhundla esihlangene, enye emiswe njengenyunyana nenye njengesizwe, idala umfelandawo ehlangene. Lenhlangano iphoqelela abaholi bezombangazwe ukuba babambisana, bavumelane, futhi bayeke. Amandla awekhona ukubusa ilungiselelo lobungane; ukuvuselelwa kwansuku zonke. Lapho indikimba yenkolo neyobuzwe isebenza ndawonye njengezindaba zempilo, imfundo, nezinhlangano, ukubambisana komphakathi. Iqiniso eliphethe liye lasebenza (ngenze ngamashumi amabili eminyaka) kuphela ukubusa okukhona.

Amalungelo, Isivikelo, Nethuba Elilinganayo

Isivumelwano sihlanganisa izibopho ezinkulu kumalungelo abantu nokulingana. Samisa i-Northern Ireland Rights Commission, i-Excality Commission, futhi sagunyaza i-Bill of Rights (nakuba ingakamiswa ngokugcwele). Sakulahla ukucwasana ngenxa yenkolo engokwenkolo, umbono wezombangazwe, kanye nobuzwe. Ngokuvumelana nemithetho yomphakathi ukuba ikhuthaze ukulingana kwethuba nobuhlobo obuhle phakathi kwabantu bezinkolelo ezingokwenkolo ezihlukene nemibono engokwabantu. Le lungiselelo lisekela ngokuqondile ukubuyisana ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingcebo yezezomnotho nezenhlalo ihlukaniswa ngokulingana. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Fair Breaksting no-reat Relation Order Relation Relation Remodegiatedmin , ukucwala izikhalo zesizwe. Ngokulungisa i-systliance , ukuhlanganisa i-interliance interniccomismssionation, isivumelwano sisusa umthombo omkhulu wengxabano ye-communium nemibono esihlangene futhi sakhasene.

Ukukhishwa Nokuvikelwa Okuvamile

Ukuncishiswa kwezikhali zempi kwakungadingeki ngokuqondile embhalweni wokuqala, kodwa i-Association yanika wonke amaqembu amandla okusebenzisa “noma yiliphi ithonya abangase babe nalo” ukuze bafinyelele ukuqeda izikhali. Eminyakeni elandelayo, i-IRA, amaqembu athembekile, kanye namanye amabutho alwayo abeka izikhali ezingasetshenziswa. Le nqubo yayigcwele impikiswano futhi ibambezele, kodwa ukuqedwa kwayo ekugcineni kwadingeka ukuze kuvuselelwe. Ukususwa kosongo olungokomzimba lobudlova obuhlomile kwavumela imiphakathi ukuba iqale ukuthemba ukuthi izindlela zezombangazwe zithathe indawo yempi. Ukuvikela okuvamile, njengokususa kwemibhoshoshozo yempi kanye nokubuyiselwa kwemibuso yesimo esiphuthumayo, kwanciphisa nakakhulu umoya obesushelele ukuphila kwansuku zonke. Lapho amaphoyisa elungisa inguquko ngenkathi yendalo i-Patten neArence of Service of Ireland (Esternern Nethi) umthetho wesizwe, kwandisa ukuqiniseka komthetho wesizwe.

Ukungawamukeli Amalungelo Nesiko

I-Parades, ikakhulukazi leyo ye-Orange Order, yayiyindawo ebanzi yokulwa. Isivumelwano sadala i-Parades Commission, indikimba ezimele ukuze inqume izindlela zokudweba namathuba okunciphisa ukuphazamiseka nokungalawuleki. Yaqaphela futhi ukubaluleka kokukhuluma ngokwesiko kuyo yomibili imiphakathi. Ulimi lwase-Ireland, kanye ne-Ulster Scots, kwathola ukusekela nokuvikela kwegunya elingokomthetho. Isivumelwano esisha seminyaka engamashumi amabili, i-New Apply siqinise ngokwengeziwe lamalungelo amasiko, kuhlanganise nokumiswa kwe-Irish Language Commissioner ye-Ulty neKhomisha yaseBrithani. I-Endssion isholosha kokubili ihlonishwa, ayihoxinzelwanga, amasiko amasiko amasiko angokomphakathi lapho iqembu lingaboni sisongelo khona. Le nqubo yomphakathi iyaholelwa kakhulu ngenxa yokubuyisana kwe-Ulster Sconsot.

Imishini Ekhuthaza Ukubuyisana

Ngalé kwezimiso, i - Good Wear Agreement yasungula izindlela eziningana eziqondile eziklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukubuyisana emphakathini, ezikhungweni zezinhlangano, nasemiphakathini.

Ingxoxo yokushaya ucingo ne-Combunton Forum

Isivumelwano sanikezwa i-Civic Forum, indikimba ehlolayo emelela umphakathi womphakathi, kuhlanganise nezamabhizinisi, izinyunyana zezohwebo, amasonto, nezinhlangano zokuzithandela. Nakuba iForum ingagcinwanga ezinguquko zamuva, isilinganiso sayo sabonisa ukuqonda ukuthi ukubuyisana akunakushiywa kuphela kwezazi zezombangazwe. Izingxoxo zomphakathi, ezisekelwa yiNhlangano ye-International Fund ye-Ireland nezinhlelo ze-EU Peacestion, ziye zaxhaswe ngokuqhubekayo kusukela ngo-199595. Le zinhlelo zihlanganisa ubuProthestani nentsha yamaKatolika, amaqembu abesifazane, iziboshwa ezixhunyiweyo, namaqembu ezimpi ukuze zihlanganyele okuhlangenwe okuhlangenwe nakho nokwakha ubuhlobo. Inkolelo yokuxhumana, esekelwa ukucwaninga kwezezenhlalo, kubonisa ukuthi ukubambisana komhlangano phakathi kwezimo ezilinganayo. Ukusekela kweminyango nokusekela kwenhlangano yomphakathi yezinhlangano ngenxa yokusekela izinhlangano zemisebenzi yotshani enkulu.

Ukululama Nokuthola Iqiniso Lasendulo

Esinye sezici ezinzima kakhulu sokubuyisana siphathelene nefa lobudlova bangaphambili. I-Good Wear Frint Agreement ayizange imise ikhomishane yeqiniso eyodwa, kodwa yavula indlela yezinyathelo eziningana. I-Priture Enquiries Team (ecwaninga iZinkathazo ezihlobene nokufa), futhi izivumelwano zamuva kakhulu zeSigebengu ngaphansi kweSivumelwano seSikhululo seMinyango (U-2014 uzama ukunikeza izimpendulo emikhayeni. Isivumelwano sakhuthaza “ukuma kwemizwa nokubuyisana” futhi saqaphela ubuhlungu bezisulu ezivela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Nakuba amaqembu amaningi azizwa ephikiswayo ngokuqhubekayo enomuzwa wobulungisa aye awenziwa ngokuncane ngenxa yokuqaphela ukuthi kokubili imiphakathi izinhlu neqiniso lengxabano alitshelwangatshelwangatshelwangatshelwangatshelwangakholeki. Intethelelo, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kulungile.

Izinyathelo Zomphakathi Nezindawo Ezibophanayo

Isivumelwano sakhuthaza isizukulwane semisebenzi yokuhlanganisa: izakhiwo ezabelana izikole (nakuba zisalinganiselwe), intuthuko yezindlu ezihlangene, izindonga zokuthula ezihla (eziphansi), futhi zihlanganyela uhlelo lwezemidlalo nolwezobuciko. I-Guateved Neighbource Programme ye-House ne-Guevidument’s Office Expatitive: Ukwakha icebo loMphakathi Wezizwe Ezihlangene kuqondisa inzalo yemibono ye-Cumblective. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuvuseliswa kwe-Crumlin Road Gaol kusebenza njengesikhala esihlangane esihlukeneyo endaweni engoko engokoMhlalo weBelfast. Lokhu ukuguqulwa kwezemvelo nokuhlahlela kwezenhlalo kubonisa ukuthi ukubuyisana akuyona nje kuphela imbonakalo ephakeme yezombangazwe kodwa futhi nangokwezimpi lapho imishaniso yansuku zonke lapho ihlangene neyo yonke indawo ithola khona isikhungo sesizwe.

Izinguquko Ezingokomthetho Nezombangazwe Zokuvikela Ukulingana

Uhlelo lwesivumelwano lokulingana namalungelo abantu luye lwaholela ekuvikelweni okusobala okungokomthetho. Ingxenye 75 yomsebenzi ngaphansi koMthetho wasenyakatho Ireland 1998 ifuna iziphathimandla zomphakathi zikhuthaze ukulingana kwethuba nobudlelwane obuhle. Lokhu kuye kwasetshenziselwa ukubekela inselele imikhuba yokulahla ubandlululo ekwabiweni kwezindlu, i-pholissation, nemfundo. Imisebenzi efanayo iye yacelwa futhi ukuvikela amalungelo ezinhlanga ezihlukene nabesifazane, ukudala impucuko ebanzi yokuhlonipha izinhlobonhlobo zezindawo. Izinguquko zezombangazwe, njengemfuneko yokuvota kwesiphambano se-commony eziyinhloko, ivimbela ukulawulwa okukhulu nokuphoqelelwa. Lezimiso ziqinisekisa kokubili ukuba zingancishiswa, okubalulekile ekuthembeni ukuthembana.

Umphumela Wesivumelwano Sokubuyisana: Intuthuko Nezinselele Eziqhubekayo

Ukuncishiswa Kobudlova Nokungaguquguquki Kwezombangazwe

Ithonya elingenakuqhathaniswa le-Good Wear Advement liye laba ukuncishiswa okukhulu kobudlova bezombangazwe. Kusukela kwabangu-450 abafayo abahlobene nempi ngo-1972 kuya kwabangaphansi kuka-20 ngonyaka wamuva, ukushintshwa kwemililo kuya ngokuphazima kweso. Ukuyeka ukudubulana kwamabutho empi kuye kwaqhubeka kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kwezempi kungokwemvelo. Lokhu kuncipha kobudlova kuye kwadala ukulondeka okungokomzimba nokungokwengqondo okudingekayo ukuze kuqalwe. Imikhaya ayisahlali ngokwesaba ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu noma ukudubula, futhi izingane zingakhula emphakathini lapho ukuhlukana kungagwemeki khona. Izinhlangano zezombangazwe, naphezu kokuhlasela okuqhubekayo (umz., ukususwa kwesigaba esiphethe kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2020), kuye kwalungiselela ukuhlangana kwezindawo zokulwa kwezikhali.

Izimo Zengqondo Zomphakathi Nokwethembana

Ukuhlola kubonisa ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwezimo zengqondo eziqondile phakathi kwalemiphakathi emibili. I-Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey ibonisa ukuthi isilinganiso sabantu abaphawula ukuthi abangewona amashende noma abashisekeli besizwe siye sanyuka, siveza ukukhula kwesizinda esiphakathi. Ukusekela imfundo ehlangeneyo nakho futhi kunyuke ngokuphawulekayo. Nokho, ukuthembana kuhlala kuqinile. Izindawo eziningi zomakhelwane zihlala zihlukanisiwe ngokuhlala nokufunda, futhi abantu abangamaphesenti angu-60 abatholanalo inani elihlala emagumbini angaphansi kwamaProthestani angaphezu kwayintshili noma amaKatolika. Izindonga zokusekela imfundo ezihlukene eBelfast. Nakuba i-Acrence zicelment iye yasiza ukususwa kwezindongalo, ezinye zisekhona. Inselele inselele ukuphakama kwegebhungane ngomlando; ukubuyisana ezindaweni ezinjalo kuyothatha izizukulwane.

Ukushintsha Kwezomnotho

Ukubuyisana kusekelwa futhi yinqubo yokuhlanganisa ezomnotho. Inqubo yokuthula yakha ukutshala imali yamazwe angaphandle, futhi ezokuvakasha ziye zakhula, izivakashi manje zidonsekela empucukweni yobungqabavu yaseBelfast kunokuba zithathe izingxabano zayo. Izinhlelo ze-EU PEAT REAS ziye zafaka amakhulu ezigidi emikhawulweni enqamule nakunqamule i-commony. Ukubambisana kwezomnotho kudala izisusa zokubambisana; uma umnyunyana nezikhulu zesizwe zisekela ndawonye ekutshaleni inzuzo, ziveza isithakazelo esifanayo. I-post-Brexit Nyakatho Ireland Protocotocoltion neWindsar Framey ezilandelayo kuye kwavivinya lokhu kuzinza kwezomnotho, kodwa futhi kwabonisa ukuthi ukubambisana kwezomnotho kuveza icebo lokulawula izingxabano zezombangazwe.

Ifa Lengxabano Yesikhathi Esidlule Neziqhubekayo

Naphezu kwentuthuko, ukubuyisana akuphelele. Ifa leNhlupho lisekhona eNyakatho Ireland. Akukho nqubo yokulungisa iqiniso elibanzi eye yavunyelwana. I-UK’State’s Legacy Act (2023) yaqeda amacala ezakhamuzi futhi okunye ukuhlola okuhlobene nokufa kwezinkinga, okuye kwagxekwa kakhulu yizempi yobuzwe namaqembu ezisulu. Inqubo yokubuyisana ayizange iphazamise i-Protocommentstion, okuholela ekubeni amaqembu adinwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuqhubeka kwempi yamabutho empi (engxenyeni yokuyeka) kugcine ukufusha kwemiza kweminye imiphakathi. Inqubo yokubuyisana ayizange iqhutshwe; ibhekane nezithiyo kanye nentuthuko.

Imizamo Eqhubekayo Yokuvuselela

Izindlela Ezintsha Zokuhlanganyela Emfundweni Nezindlu

Isizukulwane sezemfundo zangemva kokwamukelwa siye sabona izinyathelo ezifana nesimiso semfundo ehlanganyelwayo, ikhombano lezimali phakathi kwezikole zamaKatolika namaProthestani. Ngo-2020, kwahlanganiswa izikole ezingaphezu kuka-600, kwahlanganiswa abafundi abahlanganyela amakilasi, imidlalo, nohambo. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi ukuhlanganyela imfundo kunciphisa ubandlululo futhi kwandisa ukuzimisela kokwahlukanisa. Injongo yeNdlu ye Howarding Agevision yokususa zonke izindonga zokuthula ngo-2023 ayizange ihlanganiswe, kodwa intuthuko eqhubekayo ezindaweni ezinjengedolobhana eningizimu ye-Belfast, lapho ingxenye yodoma yayiwelwa khona futhi manje ivule amasango.

Izenzakalo Zesiko Nezokubuyisana

Izenzakalo ezifana nomkhosi waminyaka yonke weBelfast Mela (umkhosi wezizwe) neWest Belfast Féile iPhobail ziheha abathathi-nxaxheba kuyo yonke imiphakathi. IMary for Truth and Justice, kanye neminye imibukiso yezisulu, ihlanganisa kakhulu amazwi avela kuwo womabili amasiko. Ukwakhiwa kweMnyuziyamu yase Free Derry neTroubles nase-Foortle, kubonisa indlela umlando ongenziwa ngayo ngendlela evuma imibono eminingi ngaphandle kokudumisa ubudlova.

Ubuholi Bezombangazwe Nokuzivumelanisa Nezinhlangano

Nakuba isikhulu sesikhulu sesizwe siye sabhekana nezinkinga eziningi, iqiniso lokuthi sesibuyile ngemva kwesikhathi ngasinye sibonisa isibopho esikhulu ku-Sivumelwano. Abaholi abanjengoJohn Hume, David Trimbell, futhi kamuva u-Arlene Foster, uMichelle O’Neill, noNaomi Long bonke, bonke, babonise ukuzimisela ukuhileleka. Isivumelwano ngokwaso siye salungiswa ngesikhathi esisodwa: i-St Andrews Regreement (2006, Hillsborbate Castlement Actrigion (2010), i-Storton House House Arectriction (2014, i-Reformation Admentment, ne-New Exten Beappedition, 202020) siye sazinzisa kahle sonke isimo sokuqala sokuqala. Lokhu kunguphawu lwamandla eSivumelwaneni somthetho; akusona inqubo ehleli kwezombangazwe.

Isiphetho: Isisekelo Sokubuyisana Okuqhubekayo

I-Good Wearth Agreement yanikeza izakhiwo ezibalulekile zezombangazwe, ezingokomthetho, nezingokwenhlalo zokubuyisana phakathi kwabaxhunyiwe nabashisekeli besizwe eNyakatho Ireland. Azizange futhi zakwazi ukuqeda ukuhlukana ngokuphazima kweso, kodwa zadala izimo lapho ukuhlukana kungalawulwa khona ngokuthula futhi kubekwe khona ngokuthula. Ngokuthuthukisa ukulingana, amandla, ukuhlanganisa amalungelo abantu, ukubuyisana kwamalungelo abantu, ukuhloniphana ngokwesiko, kanye nokulondeka okuvamile, kwanikeza kokubili isiqinisekiso esiqinisekile sokuthi imicimbi yabo ekwakhekeni okuyisisekelo izakuxoxwa ngezindlela zezombangazwe. Izindlela zokuhlanganisa i-communyism, izinqubo ezingokwenzuzo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ubuhlobo bomphakathi okuye kwakha isisekelo esikhona. Izivumelwano eziqhubekayo, kusekungaphelelwa nakancane. Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, inqubo yokubuyisana kwezombangazwe iyaqhubeka, inqubo eqhubekayo, izakhamuzinizohwebo bonke abavusekuhlanganisa nakuhlanganisa nakuhlanganisa nanoma yisiphi isisekelo.