Isingeniso

Uma isiphepho senza ukuba kuwise noma iqubule i-offail i-offail, ukusabela okusheshayo kuvela kumakhelwane, umlwi womlilo wendawo, noma ummeli wezwe. Ngamahora ambalwa, leyo mpendulo ikhuliswa yinhlangano ekhethekile yaseMelika: i-National Guard. Sisebenza kokubili njengebutho elisekelwe kuhulumeni eliphuthumayo nesikhungo sokulwa, igalelo elibucayi phakathi kwabaphendula abantu bendawo bokuqala nesilinganiso esiphelele sosizo lwamazwe angaphandle. Lesihloko sihlola indima ethile, iziphathimandla ezingokomthetho, amandla engokomthetho, izakhiwo zenhlangano ezenza i-Auto ne-Air National Guard isebenze njengensika yenhlekelele yenhlekelele yesizwe.

Igunya Lesimo SikaDual: Isizathu Sokuba Abaqaphi Basabele Ngokushesha

Umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwamabutho empi esizwe neyamabuko asebenzayo ukhona ekuqondiseni nasekulawuleni. Ama-amaqembu asebenza ngokuzikhandla asebenza ngaphansi kokulawula kukahulumeni (isihloko 10, Ikhodi lase-U.S.), elidinga uhlelo lukamongameli futhi ngokuvamile lihilela inqubo ethatha isikhathi eside. Ngokungafani, i-National Guard, ngokuvamile isebenza ngaphansi kokulawula kwezwe (isihloko 32, U.S.S.) phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo. Lomehluko usho okukhulu ekuthatheni ijubane lenhlekelele.

Umbusi unegunya lokushukumisa amabutho ombuso ngokushesha lapho eqaphela usongo. Leligunya livumela izinkampani ukuba zikwazi ukumisa izimoto zamanzi aphezulu, amaloli kaphethiloli, nempahla yezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuwa kwesiphepho. Umbusi ugcina umyalo wamandla, kodwa uhulumeni ukhokhe imali esebenzayo ngaphansi kweSihlokwana 32, egcina isikhundla samalungu enkonzo njengezisebenzi zikahulumeni ngezinjongo ezingokomthetho. Lokhu kuvumelana okungokomthetho kubalulekile ukuze kuthathwe ngokushesha, ngokushelela.

I - State Isebenza Ngokuzikhandla (SAD)

Kwezinye izimo, izifundazwe zishukumisa amalungu agada ngaphansi kweState Actice Duty (SAD), lapho uhulumeni uthatha khona imali egcwele nokulawula. Lokhu kuvame kwizenzakalo ezincane ezithatha indawo efana nezikhukhula noma iziphepho zasebusika. ISAD ivumela ababusi ukuba baqoqe imithombo ngaphandle kwemvume kahulumeni, banikeze ijubane elikhulu kakhulu emikhankasweni ephuthumayo evikela ukuphila.

Inhlangano Yosizo Lokulawula Ngokuphuthumayo (EMAC)

Uma inhlekelele idlula isikhundla sikahulumeni owodwa, ababusi bangacela usizo kwezinye izifundazwe nge-Emergency Management Active Compact (EMAC). Lo mhlangano ogunyaziwe uvumela omunye umbuso ukuba uboleke impahla yogada nezisebenzi kwenye. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nesiphepho se-Cric 5, i-Florida ingaboleka imishini yezindiza zeTexas evikelayo ukuze ithakazelise ukupheka nokuhlenga. I-EMAC carlines imbuyela inzuzo nesivikelo esingokomthetho, yenze ibe inqubo evamile yokusabela kwenhlekelele yezwe eligcwele.

I - Phases Esebenzayo: Kusuka Ekululameni Kwangaphambili Kuya Ekululameni

Ingxenye yeNational Guard ekusabeleni enhlekeleleni ayilinganiselwe engxenyeni eyodwa. Ukuhileleka kwayo kulandela umjikelezo ohleliwe: imisebenzi ehlelayo, evikela ukuphila okusheshayo, esekela ukusabela, nokusekela ukululama.

Imvubelo yangaphambi kombuso kanye nokubusa

Ukufakwa kwemishini kuwumkhakha oyinhloko wabaphathi bezindawo zokuhlela abagada. Njengoba isiphepho siqala e-Atlantic noma e-Gulf, izikhulu zogada ziveza izindawo ezizodwa ngaphandle kwe-teshi egawuliwe. Izimoto zamanzi aphezulu, imikhumbi kaphethiloli, amanzi afakwe emabhodleleni, nemishini yokuxhumana ithuthelwa kulezindawo ezinamagquma. Abashini bangaphambi kokubekwa kwendlela basusa amaphakethe, kuhlanganise namalolishi emfucumfucu kanye namagandaganda, alungele ukusika imfucucucu kanye nemigwaqo ukuze basebenzise izinkonzo eziphuthumayo.

Impahla yokuthutha impahla, kuhlanganise ne-UH-60 Black Hawk ne-CH-47 Chinoke, ziyiswa ezikhumulweni zezindiza eziphakathi nezwe ezinezinsika eziqinile. Lezindiza zihlonyiswe ngemishini yokuthutha nokuthutha impahla okubalulekile ekuhlengisweni kophahla nasekuthunyeleni izinto emiphakathini eqhelile. I-Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) ixhumanisa eduze nezikhulu zezindiza ze-Auardings ukuze zahlulele izindiza ezithile kanye nezinhloso zokuthunyelelwa phakathi nale ngxenye ehambayo.

Ukufuna Nokutakula (SAR)

Isidingo esiphambili samanje ngemva kwenhlekelele ukuthola nokukhipha abasinda. iNational Guard isebenza amakhono akhethekile eSAR aphelelisa amaqembu asebenza njengomphakathi adubulayo nahlenga.

[[FLT: 0] Ukuhlola nokuhlenga-hlengisa: Amaqoqo eButho loMkhosi woMkhosi aqhuba ukusesha emoyeni esebenzisa i-UH-60 Black Hawks. La mapulatifomu ahlonyiswe ngeminyusi ekwazi ukukhipha abasindi abaningi ophahleni, izimoto ezigcwele izikhukhula, noma indawo engafinyeleleki. Amakhulu namamejaji aqeqeshelwa ukuthatha i-erop nokhushulwa, ngokuvamile asebenza cishe ngezimo zika--077. ISiphepho se-Harvey kuphela, i-Texas National Guard sovior sodwa abantu abangaphezu kuka-6 000 kanye nezilwane eziyinkulungwane.

Amaqembu asemhlabeni athumela izikebhe zeZodiac nezimoto zamanzi aphezulu njenge LMTV (Ukukhanya Okuphakathi Kweziteshi zeVhicle) ukuze ahambe emigwaqweni egcwele amanzi. Lamaqembu aqeqeshelwe amasu okuhlenga asheshayo, awavumela ukuba afinyelele abantu ababambeke emizini ehamba phambili ephezulu. Izifunda eziningi manje zigcina izinkampani ezisizayo ezihamba emanzini zinikezelwe ngaphakathi konjini ye-injini ye-injiniyayo noma amaphoyisa.

Ukufuna nokuhlenga-hlengisa: Ezimweni zokuwa kokwakha, onjiniyela abagada namaphoyisa ezempi basekela amabutho omsebenzi ase-USAR. Baphakamisa kakhulu, baphula imishini, bavikeleke endaweni yezehlakalo, bavumela ochwepheshe bezempi ukuba bagxile ezinyangweni zosizo.

Izindlela Zokuhlela Nokulawula Ikamelo Lokukhiqiza

Ngemva kwenkathi yokuhlenga ngokushesha ishintshana ekusekeleni umphakathi, izakhi ze-ganotics ze-gades ziba yindawo eyinhloko. Ukutholakala kwamaketanga kuvame ukunqanyulwa imigwaqo elonakele, izinqola zesitimela ezigcwele amanzi, kanye nogesi odlulayo. I-gada liphinde libeke iqoqo lemali ngemifelandawo yezempi.

Amaqembu okuthutha amisa amaChokoza e-Expand (POD), athintekile ezindaweni lapho izakhamuzi zithola khona ukudla, amanzi, iqhwa, ne-starps. Imikhumbi yempi evamile, kuhlanganise ne FMTVs (Umkhaya Wezinto Eziphakathi Kwe-Mactal Vehicles) neHEMTTS (Heavy Expanded Mobiletial Tractic Trackes), zingasebenza ezimweni ezivimbela amaloric. Imisebenzi yempi ithutha impahla esuka ezindaweni ezinamabhande ezwe ukuze idlulisele izikhungo zendawo ngaphansi kwesivikelo nezokubambisana kwamaphoyisa ezempi.

Ukwehla kuyimfuneko efanayo. Imishini yokulungisa i-injini efakwe izikhali kanye nezingadi zokususa imfucumfucu, ukususa izihlahla, nokulungisa imigwaqo emoshakele. Lokhu akuvumeli ukuqoqa amaloli kuphela kodwa nokubuyiselwa kwamandla nezimiso zokuxhumana. Ikhono loMgadi lokubangela ukunyakaza endaweni ezungezile enesiphithiphithi ngokuvamile liwumehluko phakathi kwenkinga ekhona nenhlekelele ethinta umphakathi.

FAMA's National Response Framework ihlanganisa ngokusemthethweni izilinganiso zomgada ne-Emergency Survice Furm (ESF) Isakhiwo esibanzi se-Emergency Fromment (ESF), iqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo nezinhlangano ezizimele.

Ukusekela Kwezokwelapha Okuphuthumayo

Izinhlekelele zikhungathekisa izibhedlela zendawo, zicekela phansi izakhiwo futhi zandisa iziguli.

Izibhedlela zase-Precial : Izinhlangano zezokwelapha zisebenza izibhedlela ezisebenza ngokuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo, ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo, nokuyinhloko. Lezi zindawo zivame ukubekwa ezikhungweni zempi, ezikhungweni zemihlangano, noma emadolobheni okudambisa ukucindezela ezibhedlela ezidaliweyo. I-Army Guard’s Brigade Combat Combation Communic Commust Communics zihlanganisa izibhedlela ezihlinzayo ezingasene zokwenza umsebenzi ohlelelwe lomsebenzi.

I-Edicuation ehlikihlayo (MEDEVAC):[[FLT] Izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezinikezelwe MEDEVAC (HH-60 Pave Hawks no-UH 72 Lakotas) zithutha iziguli ezibucayi zisuka ezindaweni ezihlukene noma imitholampilo ekhungathekile zisiya ezikhungweni zokunakekela ezingaphezulu. Izisebenzi ze-ambulense zisebenza ngezikhathi zamahora angu-24, ngokuvamile zihamba ngezindawo zokuhlala nezulu elilimazayo.

ICivil Service Toms (CSTs): I-National Guard ilondoloza 57 Wezikhali ze-Mass Destruction Civil Seating Attings (CSTs), eyodwa yesifundazwe ngasinye, indawo, ne-Fourth of Columbia. Lamaqembu aqeqeshiwe kakhulu asebenza ngamakhemikhali, ngemisebe, ngemisebe yenuzi, nangenuzi (CBRN) ukutholwa nokuncitshiswa kwezelapha. Nakuba eklanyelwe ukusabela kobuphekula, iCSTs isetshenziselwa izenzakalo eziyingozi ezihambisana nezinhlekelele zemvelo, njengamakhemikhali achitheka kakhulu ezimbonini ezezemboni ezonakalisiwe.

Ukuhlolwa Kwecala: Ukusabela Kwesiphepho Nokuvela Kwe - DSCA

Isimiso se-National Guard sithonywe kakhulu yizifundo ezifundweni eziseziphephweni ezinkulu. ISiphepho uKatrina ngo-2005 saveza izikhala eziphawulekayo zokubambisana, iziyalezo, neziphathimandla ezingokomthetho. IPosse Comitatus Act ne-bureacrates ekuqaleni kwavimbela ukusabela okunempumelelo, ukuqinisekisa inani lesibonelo esisekelwe kumbuso esisebenza.

Ngemva kukaKatrina, uMnyango Wezokuvikela ugunyaza i - Defense Service of Civil Accounts (DSCA). Le mfundiso inikeza isiqondiso esicacile sendlela amabutho ezempi, kuhlanganise neQembu, asekela ngayo ukuhola kwezakhamuzi. Umphumela waba ukusabela okusheshayo nokuqinisekile eziphephweni ezilandelayo.

Phakathi neSiphepho iSandy (202), i-New York ne-New Jersey National Guards zabulala abantu abathuthwa emadolobheni abanezikali ezinkulu futhi zanikeza isizukulwane samandla ezibhedlela nasezikhungweni. Ngo-2017, iSiphepho uHarvey, i-Irma, noMaria sahlola amandla oMgada okusebenza kanye kanye, imisebenzi eminingi engokwezifunda. Amalungu angaphezulu kuka-50 000 aBagada avuselelwa, ebonisa amandla okushesha. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-EMAC compacters kwavumela amazwe anjenge-Oklahoma ne-Ohio kuthumela onjiniyela begadaravian ne-Texas kanye ne-Florida.

Imfundiso ye-DSCA iyaqhubeka iguqula, ihlanganisa ukwabelana ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela, izivumelwano ezimisiwe, kanye nokumiswa kwemithetho kanye nezinhlangano zokuqondisa isimo esiphuthumayo.

Ukuhlolwa Kwendaba: Ukucitshwa Kwemililo Yasendle Nokucinywa Komlilo

Imlilo ziveza izinselele ezihlukene. Nakuba iziphepho zinezinkathi ezibanzi futhi zilindelekile ezisezinsukwini ezingaphambili, imlilo zihamba ngokushesha, azilindelekile, futhi zivame ukusakazeka endaweni enzima futhi engakwazi ukuyithola. I-National Guard inikeza kokubili izakhiwo nempahla yezindiza ukuze kulwe nalolu songo.

Isimiso Sokulwa Nomlilo Ohamba Ngendiza (I - maFF)

Uhlelo lwe-Air National Guards's MAFFS luyisici esibucayi secebo lomlilo wezwe. I-MAFFS iyisimiso sokulungisa izindiza eziguqula i-C- 130 Hercules ibe imikhumbi yomoya ekwazi ukulahla amalitha angu - 3 000 okuzimela umlilo ngemizuzwana emihlanu. Lokhu khono lisebenza ngokuvumelana ne-Freat Service yase-U.S. lapho imikhumbi yempi yamanzi ehamba ngezindiza igqitshwa yisidingo esikhulu somlilo.

I-C- 130 ukusuka kuma-patry anjenge-Pieling Air Wing ye-153rd (Wyoming) kanye ne- 146th Airlift Wing Wing (i-California) ihlelelwe ukudubula ezweni lonke. Isimiso se-MAFFS siklanyelwe ukufakwa okusheshayo, ivumela izindiza ukuba zishintshwe phakathi kokuphakamisa umoya wobuchwepheshe nokulwa komlilo phakathi namahora ambalwa. Ukundiza ezindaweni eziphansi emoyeni ovunguzayo, umoya ogcwele intuthu, amaqembu e-MAFFS asebenza kwezinye zezimo zezindiza eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Ikhono lawo lokuhambisa i-payingidi enhlabathi eqinile i-mevayo ebangela ukuba i-mililo eyingozi ezindaweni ezikhona.

I-National Guard Bureau's MAFFS shopet iqokomisa ukuthi loluhlelo luye lwasekela imikhankaso emikhulu yemlilo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, inikeza amandla abalulekile okukhuphuka phakathi nezinkathi ezinzima kakhulu zomlilo.

Imisebenzi Yasemhlabeni Nezindlela Zokuzivikela

Nakuba izindiza zinakwa kakhulu, iningi lamalungu ogada alwa nemlilo wequbula, izinqola zezinsana nonjiniyela ziqeqeshelwa ukusebenza njengezisebenzi zezandla, zisuse izimila ukuze zibangele ukusha komlilo.

Amalungu onogada anikeza izakhiwo zokuvikela. Njengoba umlilo wequbula usondela endaweni yokuhlala, amaqembu angena emnyango esusa amagada, asusa imfucumfucu eshayo, amise izimpompo zamanzi eziphathekayo, futhi asonga izakhiwo eziswakelwe umlilo. Lo msebenzi udinga ukubambisana okukhulu neminyango yomlilo yendawo, ngokuvamile elinganiselwa ngokwesilinganiso sawo. Ikhono loMgadi lokunikeza izinkulungwane zezisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe ngesaziso esifushane liyimpoqozelela izinhlangano ezisebenza ngomlilo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindiza zokugada izindiza zinikeza ukuqondisa indiza kanye namabhakede. I-UH-60 Black Hawks namaCH-47 Chinook ahlonyiswe ngamaBambi Bucket, izitsha ezikwazi ukucola ezikwazi ukukhipha amanzi emachibini noma emithombo emvula futhi ziwadlulisele ezindaweni eziqondile. Lezi ziphepho zinikeza futhi iziteji eziqondisa abaqondisi bezehlakalo, zinikeza iziphetho zesikhathi sangempela ze-fireter nokuziphatha.

Ubuchwepheshe Nobuchwepheshe Besimanje Ekuphumeleni Kwenhlekelele

I - National Guard ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile ukuze ithuthukise ukuqapha nezimo nokusebenza kahle phakathi nezinhlekelele.

Izimiso Zokuphehla Izindiza Ezingenabantu (I - UAS)

Izimiso zezindiza ezincane (i-UAS) manje ziyimishini ejwayelekile emaqenjini amaningi abagada. Le mishini inikeza ama-video acishe abe mancane anezinga elingokoqobo lokudla ukhukhulela, umonakalo wokwakha, nokuqhubekeka komlilo. Lobu buhlakani buvumela abaphathi bezehlakalo ukuba banike imithombo ngokunempumelelo futhi bagcine amaqembu angaphansi ezindaweni eziyingozi. Izilinganiso ze-UAS zisetshenziselwa futhi ukuhlola umonakalo, ukwenza amabalazwe aphezulu okuvala i-othomocation, i-throsaic abonisa abakhonzi bemali nonjiniyela lapho umonakalo ukwenzeka khona ngempela.

Ukuthutheleka Kwesizwe Nemininingwane

I-National Guardeverages geosppatial system (GIS) yokwaziswa ukuze ikhiqize izithombe ezisetshenziswayo (i-COPS). Lamabalazwe emishini ahlanganisa imininingwane esuka ku-FEMA, ukulawulwa kukahulumeni wesimo esiphuthumayo, kanye nemishini yendawo, ebonisa yonke into ukusuka ezindaweni zokukhosela ukuya ezindaweni ezivalwayo. Lokhu kuqaphene kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni ukusabela okuhlukahlukene. Ukuxhumana kwamasatellite (SATCOM) kuqinisekisa ukuthi lokwaziswa kuyatholakala ngisho nalapho imishini ye-sethi ne-internet system ibhujiswa.

Ubuchwepheshe obuxubile, kuhlanganise nokuhlakanipha kokuzenzela kokuhlola izithombe zeziphuphutheki, buhlolwa ukuze bubone ushintsho ezinjwayezini zemisebenzi futhi bubone izindawo ezidinga usizo olusheshayo. La mathuluzi azokucindezela ukusabela futhi athuthukise ukuhlelwa kwezimpahla.

Isikhulu Sezakhamuzi: Umphakathi Nokuzivuselela

Isici esivelele se-National Guard yisimo sayo esisekelwe emphakathini. Ngokungafani namalungu enkonzo akhuthele okungenzeka ahlala kude nezindawo zasekhaya, amalungu aqaphi ahlala futhi asebenze emadolobheni nasemadolobheni abizelwa ukuwavikela. Lokhu kuxhumana okungokwemvelo kuveza isikhuthazo esinamandla sokusabela okusheshayo, kozwela.

Uma ilungu eligadayo livuselelwa isiphepho, kungenzeka ukuthi lisiza omakhelwane balo. Abaningi bona bayizisulu zale nhlekelele, bekhathazekile ngemikhaya yabo namakhaya kuyilapho benza imisebenzi yabo. Lo mthwalo ombaxambili uyinselele eyingqayizivele engokwengqondo yenkonzo yogada. I-National Guardiau isebenzise kakhulu ukuqeqesha ukuqinisa, ukusekela kwabefundisi, nemithombo yezempilo ukuze isize amalungu alawule ukucindezeleka kokusabela ngenhlekelele.

Ukuxhumana komphakathi kunikeza izinzuzo ezisebenzayo. Amalungu omphakathi ayazi kahle indawo yendawo, izakhiwo, kanye nobudlelwane obubalulekile. Lobu buchwepheshe bendawo bubalulekile ekuthutheni izindawo ezilimele, ekuboneni izindlela zokuthutha ngokwethukela, nasekuxhumaneni nezikhulu zendawo ezingase zibe abantu abazijwayele. Lokhu kusheshisa wonke umzamo wokusabela.

Eqedile.gov inikeza imithombo yabantu ngabanye nemikhaya elungiselela izinhlekelele, ukunciphisa umthwalo kubaphethisi bokuqala futhi uvumele imithombo yabali ukuba igxile ezimweni ezibucayi kakhulu.

Isiphetho: Isilinganiso Esingenakuxazululeka Esimweni Esishintshayo

Njengoba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwandisa ukuphakama nokuqina kwezenzakalo zezulu ezimbi, ukuthembela kwezwe kugada wesizwe kuzoqhubeka kujula. Ikhono eliyingqayizivele loMgadi lokushintsha ngokungenamsoco lisuka ekuqinisweni komthetho wendawo lisekela ukusabela okuphelele kwenhlekelele kahulumeni kwenza kube usizo olubalulekile ekubekeni isisekelo sesizwe.

Isimiso esingokomthetho sesihloko 32 ne-EMAC sinikeza amandla adingekayo okusabela ngokushesha, kuyilapho ikhono lobuchwepheshe ekusebenzeni kwezindiza, kwezobuchwepheshe, kwezobunjiniyela, nakwezokwelapha linikeza amandla okusingatha izinhlekelele eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuqhubeka nokutshala imishini yesimanje, ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe, nokuhlala kahle kwezakhamuzi eziphila kahle kubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe lekhono. Emiphakathini ebhekene nesiphepho esilandelayo noma iqubula, i-National Guard ihlala ikhona ngokushesha, inamandla, futhi iwumthombo othenjwayo wokusekela kwezempi ngehora layo elikhulu kakhulu.