Kulendawo yanamuhla ezungezile yolwazi, izikole zase-Ireland ziqoqa futhi zigcine imininingwane yabafundi eminingi kunanini ngaphambili(kusukela kumarekhodi nasemamakini okuhlola kuya emakhonweni emfundo akhethekile esidingo semfundo kanye nokwaziswa okungokwempilo. Lengcebo yokwaziswa komuntu siqu iwusizo kubafundisi, kodwa futhi iyisisulu esiyinhloko se-inthanetha yolwazi olune-inthanethi kanye nomthwalo ongathi sína ngaphansi komthetho we-Irish no-Europe. Lesihloko sinikeza isiqondiso esibanzi sabaholi abaholi abaholi besikole, i-data, izikhulu zezenyuswa i-data, i-iodoboom, ifaka izingozi ezingokomthetho, izinhlelo zobukhazimo zeze, izinhlelo zezemfundo, ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zezemfundo, ukuthuthukisa i-Irish, ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zeze-octry-operalth .

Ukubukeka Okungokomthetho Kokuzivikela Ezokwaziswa Ezikoleni Zase - Ireland

Noma yikuphi ukuxoxa ngokuvikelwa kokwaziswa ezikoleni zase-Ireland kumelwe kuqale ngomthetho. I-GDPR, eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-May 2018, ithasiselwa e-Ireland yi-data Protection Act 2018. Yonke le mithetho inezibopho eziqinile ku- “data abaphathi” (izikole) kanye ne-“data abaphathi" (umz., abaxhasi benkonzo yamafu). Ngaphansi kwe-GDPR, ulwazi lwabafundi (ngokukhulukhulukhulu lelo le-D·is) elicabangela futhi lidinga izikhungo ezengeziwe. I-I-I-I-DCCM i-DPC igunya lesizwe eliphethe i-odolose, eligunyazwe lonke elinikwe ukunyuswa ukufinyelela izigidi ezingu-20 noma 4% zezindawo ezingathi sína.

Izikole kumelwe futhi zivumelane noMthetho wokuqala [ Abantwana. no I-Act 2000 , othintana nokwaziswa okuhlanganyela ukuvikela izingane kanye nokuya esikoleni. Kubalulekile ukuba uMnyango Wemfundo [[FLT:] Isiqondiso sezemfundo semfundo [FLT] [[FLT:] [FLT]] inikeze iseluleko esisebenzayo, futhi iNational Cyber Security Center (NCSC) ikhiphe izixwayiso ezivamile zokuvikela izingane ezikoleni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba zonke izimfuneko zesikole ziqonde lezi zimfuneko ezithiyo. [FT]: [FLT] [FFF]

Ukuze uthole ukuxhumana nemibhalo engokomthetho, bheka i-Data Protection Commission ye-GDPR ukucubungula [ kanye ne-FLT]al Cyber Security Center [[ yesiqondiso sesikole esicacisiwe.

Izingozi Zokuphepha Kokwaziswa Okuvamile Ezikoleni Zase - Ireland

Ukuqonda indawo esongelwayo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwakha izikhali eziphumelelayo. izikole zase - Ireland zibhekana nezingozi eziningi, kokubili ezobuchwepheshe nezezomuntu:

  • Ukuhlasela okungagunyaziyo: ama-imeyili okukhohlisa akhohlisayo asebenza ngokuphamba abasebenzi noma abafundi ukuze aveze izimpawu zokungena noma adayise ama-water. Abahlaseli bavame ukufana noMnyango wemfundo, abathengisi abathenjwayo, noma abaholi besikole.
  • Ransoware:[ I-software e-Malthive efingqa imininingwane yesikole futhi ifuna isihlengo ukuze ikhululwe. Izikole ziyizisulu ezikhangayo ngoba azikwazi ukuthenga isikhathi eside futhi zivame ukulinganisela imithombo yayo.
  • Izinsongo ze-Internest:[ Imininingwane yezingozi ivuza izisebenzi (umz., ukuthumela iprogramu yokufunda kongamukeli ongalungile) noma ukusebenzisa kabi ngenhloso izisebenzi ezinganeliseki.
  • Umngenisi-bizo wesakhi nokusetshenziswa futhi kwabaqinisekisi:[ Izisebenzi eziningi nabafundi basebenzisa umngenisi-bizo olulula, oqashelwayo noma basebenzise iphasiwedi efanayo kuma-akhawunti amaningi, okwenza bangaba sengozini yokufaka izithobo ezibhaliwe.
  • Iminxathela engahlelekile: Izikole eziningi zisasebenza kuvula uWi-Fi noma Wi-Fi evikelwe ngemithetho elandelwayo ephelelwe isikhathi njenge WPA2, evumela abahlaseli ukuba bavimbele izimoto.
  • Ingxenye-ingxenye: i-Edtech platform, izimiso zokuqondisa ukufunda, kanye nezinhlelo zokushaya izibalo zingaba nokulondeka okubuthakathaka, kubeke ulwazi lwabafundi engozini ngokuhlasela ngamaketanga.

Ngokombiko we - NCSC ka - 2023, ingxenye yezemfundo e - Ireland yabhekana nokwanda kwamaphesenti angu - 35 ezenzakalo zezezingcingo ezibikwa eminyakeni emibili. Izenzakalo eziningi azibikwa, kodwa ukuthambekela kusobala: izikole kumelwe zibheke ukungalondeki kwezezingosi njengokubalulekile, hhayi njengokucatshangelwa ngemva kwalokho.

Izinqubo Eziwusizo Zokuvikela Imininingwane Yabafundi

Ukuvikela ukwaziswa kwabafundi kudinga indlela yokulawula ebekwe phansi(ukulawula kwe-technology), izimiso zokulawula, kanye nempucuko yokuqaphela ukulondeka. Ngezansi kunamasu aphumelela kakhulu, achazwa ngokusetshenziswa kwemininingwane efanele izakhiwo zesikole sase-Ireland.

Ukungena okunamandla kanye nesiqiniseko

Yonke i-akhawunti ye-octal esetshenziswa izisebenzi nabafundi, i-email, uhlelo lokuqondisa isikole, ama-plut okufunda kuyi-inthanethi, kumele ivikelwe ngesiqiniseko esinamandla.

  • Ukulinganisa ama-password e-EXP:[ ubude obuncane (12+ izinhlamvu), inhlanganisela yezihloko eziphezulu, amagama aphezulu, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Gwema amagama noma ulwazi lomuntu siqu.
  • Amamenenja amaphasiwedi: Nikeza izisebenzi kumphathi wephasiwedi yesikole ebhaliwe (umzk., Biwaden, 1 Password) ukuze bakhiqize futhi bagcine amagama-yimfihlo aqinile, ayingqayizivele ngaphandle kokuwafaka.
  • [[NTLT:0]] Ukuqinisekisa (MFA): Kudingeka MFA kukho konke ukulandisa okuqukethe noma okungenayo imniningo yomfundi. Lena kungaba ikhodi yesikhathi esisodwa ethunyelwe nge-SMS, i-app yesikhombi, noma uphawu lwensimbi. MFA iyodwa amabhulokwele ngaphezu kuka-99% wokuhlasela okuzenzekelayo.
  • Ukulawula ukungena okusekelwe ku-Role (RBAC): Inikeza ukufinyelela kolwazi lwabafundi ngokusekelwe ekutheni luncane oludingekile endima ngayinye. Ngokwesibonelo, uthisha wekilasi angadinga ukubona amamaki kanye nokuya emihlanganweni, kodwa hhayi amarekhodi ezokwelapha noma amanothi eseluleko. Bukeza izimvume zokungenisa izimvume ngekota.

I - Department of Education’s Schools Broadband Programme ivame ukunikeza isiqondiso sokusebenzisa i - MFA; thintana nemininingwane yendawo yakini.

Ukulondeka nombhalo wokufingqiwe kwenethiwe

Iziteshi zesikole ziwumgogodla wokuhlinza kwemishini, kodwa futhi ziyinto evamile yabahlaseli. Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • [[NTL:0] SE JEA Wi-Fi: Sebenzisa ukuvulwa kwe-WPA3 lapho kungenzeka khona, noma okungenani WPA2-Entemprise (hayi umuntu). Uhlelo oluhlukanisayo lwabafundi nezisebenzi nama-VLAN ukuhlukanisa izimoto ezizwelayo.
  • [[NT:0] Ifuna izisebenzi ukuba zisebenzise isikole esinesimiso sokusebenza lapho zingena izikole ezivela ekhaya noma kumphakathi Wi-Fi. Lokhu kufingqa zonke iziteshi phakathi kwesisetshenziswa nenethiwekhi yesikole.
  • Ukubhala ngokudluliswa nalapho uphumlile: Wonke amamniningo adluliselwe ku-inthanethi kufanele asebenzise i-TLS 1.2 noma ngaphezulu. Idaya egcinwe kubasebenzisi besikole, kumaplatfomu amafu, kanye nemithombo yezokuxhumana yesisekelo kumelwe ibhalwe ngokufihlekile ngokusebenzisa amanani aqinile (AES-256).
  • Ukuhlola ienethiwekhi:[ Izimiso zokuthola/ukukhipha ijubane lokungena kwe-Deploy (IDS/IPS) ukuqapha ngezindlela zomgwaqo ezisolekayo, njengokudlulisa imniningo enkulu kumakheli e-IP angaziwa.

Izikole ezisebenzisa izimiso zesikole ezinamafu (isib. VSware, Aladdin, noma PowerSchool), ziqinisekisa ukuthi umqaphi ufingqa imininingwane kokubili ekuthuthweni nasemini, futhi zine SOC 2 noma ISO 27001 crecters.

Imininingwane Incane Kakhulu Nokuzigcina Uyiphethe

Izikole zase-Ireland zivame ukuqongelela ukwaziswa isikhathi eside kunesidingo − ukugcina izithombe zekilasi ezindala, amashumi eminyaka emibhalo yabekhona, noma ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okuphelelwe yisikhathi. Lokhu kudala ingozi engadingekile. Ngaphansi kwe GDPR, izikole kumele zibe nohlelo lokugcina ulwazi [[[FLT:][FLT 1] olusho ukuthi:

  • Kwaqoqwa izinhlobo zokwaziswa (isib., amarekhodi okubhala, ukwaziswa kwezokwelapha, imiphumela yokuhlola).
  • Isisekelo esingokomthetho sokulungisa (imvume, isibopho esingokomthetho, isithakazelo somphakathi).
  • Ukuzigcina ungazibambi (isib., imiphumela yokuhlola yagcinwa iminyaka emithathu ngemva kwekhasi labafundi, amarekhodi ezokwelapha iminyaka engu - 8.).
  • Izindlela zokususa (ukucisha usebenzisa i - computer ebhala imininingwane, edwetshwe ngokoqobo ukuze kuqoshwe amarekhodi ephepha).

Phatha i-data yaminyaka yonke ukuze uthole futhi ususe ukwaziswa okususiwe. Lokhu akunciphisi izingozi kuphela kodwa futhi kulungisa nokusabela ezicelweni zokungena (I-SAR).

Indawo Yokugcina Imininingwane Nesivikelo

Ubuqotho bemininingwane bubalulekile. Ukuhlasela kwesihlengo okungafihlwa i-frease kungadala inhlekelele. Landela umthetho 3-2-1]: ugcine okungenani amakhophi amathathu okwaziswa, ezindinganisweni ezimbili ezihlukene, nekopi eyodwa egcinwe ngaphandle-mgamu (umz., efwini noma endaweni elondekile).

  • Khomba zonke isisekelo, kokubili lapho uhanjiswa nalapho uphumule.
  • Zihlole ngokwengxenye inqubo yokubuyisela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i - shirt faced iyasebenza.
  • Sebenzisa isisekelo esifingqiwe (bhala-ngesikhathi, funda-ningi) esingeshintshwe noma sicishwe nge-fastrawer.
  • Ukuze ugcine amafu, khetha amathengisela anezikhungo zokwaziswa e-European Economic Are (EEA) ukuze uvumelane nemithetho evimbela ukudluliswa kweGDPR. Uma usebenzisa amafaksi asekelwe e-US, qinisekisa ukuthi basayina ama-Claus avamile (SCCC).

Izikole eziningi zase-Ireland zisebenzisa inhlanganisela yogcino lwenethiwekhi oluboshelwe- jongwe (NAS) nezinkonzo zamafu njenge Microsoft 365 noma i-Google Coloval for Education. Zombili zingahlelwa ukuze kubhalwe futhi kuvikelwe isisekelo esilondekile.

Ukuhlela Ngokushesha Ukusabela

Akukho hlelo oluphelele, ngakho izikole kufanele zikulungele ukusabela ngokushesha futhi ngokuphumelelayo ekuphukeni kokwaziswa noma ekuhlaseleni kwe-website. Icebo lempendulo elingaqondakaliyo kufanele lihlanganise:

  • Indima nemithwalo yemfanelo (ethintana ne - DPC, exhumana nomshuwalense wesikole, oxhumana nabazali).
  • Izinqubo ezilandelanayo zokufakwa, ukuqedwa, nokululama.
  • Iziqondiso zokuxhumana zokuthola ukwaziswa okuthintekile (abafundi, abazali, izisebenzi) phakathi namahora angu - 72, njengoba i - GDPR yayifuna.
  • Imininingwane yemininingwane ye - DPC’s cardal cardal, i - NCSC, ne - Internet ethembekile esabelayo (isig., amalungu e - Cyber Ireland).
  • Ukuhlolwa kwangemva kokuhlelwa kwenqubo ukuze kuvuselelwe izimiso nokuqeqeshwa.

Qalisa isikole njalo esiqashweni esiphezulu ukuze uhlole uhlelo. [[FLT: 0] i-Cyber Information Resolution [ inikeza izimali zamahhala nenkonzo yokubika izikole.

Indima Yokuqeqesha Nokuqaphela Abasebenza Ngezisebenzi

Ubuchwepheshe bodwa abunakuvikela ukwaziswa uma izisebenzi zivuza ngengozi. Iphutha lomuntu lilokhu liyimbangela ephambili yokuqhekeka kokwaziswa ezikoleni. Uhlelo lokuqeqesha olubanzi alunakukwazi ukuthungatha.

Izinhlelo Zokuqeqesha Ezivamile

Ukuqeqeshwa kwaminyaka yonke kwabo bonke izisebenzi — othisha, izisebenzi zokuqondisa, abahlanzi, ngisho nabashayeli bamabhasi esikole uma besingatha ukwaziswa komuntu siqu — kufanele kusimboze:

  • Ukusebenzisa amabhanile abomvu njengolimi oluphuthumayo, ama - URL angahlangani, ama - email angalindelekile).
  • Imikhuba yephasiwedi ephephile nendlela yokusebenzisa i-MFA.
  • Izinqubo ezilungile zokuhlanganyela ukwaziswa kwabafundi ezinhlangothini zesithathu (isib., abelaphi abakhulumayo, ama-alpha angemva kwesikole).
  • Ukubika izenzakalo ezicatshangelwayo ngokushesha (akukho siko elisola amaphutha aqotho).
  • Ukuphatha amarekhodi ephepha — amakhabethe ahlotshisiwe, ungawashiyi amafomu enganakekelwa emadeskini.

Sebenzisa ukuvivinya umzimba okufanisiwe (izinsika ezinjengokwazi uBe4 noma u-Cybe Ready) ukuze uqinise ukufunda. Izikole zingathola nezimo zomklamo zokuqeqesha zamahhala ezivela ku- I-Data Protection’s Commission’s School for for forsation [[[FLT: 1]]].

Ukwakha Isiko Eliwumphakathi Eliwubukhazikhazi

Ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa okungokomthetho, abaholi kumelwe babonise ukuziphatha okuhle. Bonisa izingqwembe ezineziphetho zokwaziswa ezivikelekile emagunjini ezisebenzi. Hlanganisa “Isixwayiso Sokwethembeka Samasonto” ephephandabeni lezisebenzi. Izisebenzi ezigubha imizamo yokuhlola noma yokubona amagebe. Qikelela ukuthi ukwaziswa kuyizinto ezihlolwe kahle ezisemihlanganweni yezisebenzi. Umgomo ukwenza wonke amalungu omsebenzi azizwe enomthwalo wokuvikela imininingwane yabafundi.

Amakhambi Obuchwepheshe Antengantengayo

Nakuba lingekho ithuluzi lesiliva, amathuluzi amaningi akhethwe kahle anganciphisa kakhulu ingozi. Izikole zase-Ireland kufanele zihlaziye amakhambi avumelana nemali yazo nokuvuthwa kwazo.

Amathuluzi Okuzigcina

  • Antivirus/Anti-malware: I-Deploy i-ploy iqophelo lesivikelo sengxenye yesiteji lesimanje (umzk., Microsoft Isekela lebhizinisi, Sentinel One, Blaisestrike) esebenzisa i-ANUR ukuze athole futhi aphendule ekusongelelweni kwangempela. Izinketho zamahhala ezinjenge-Windows Defereter zingcono kunezelutho, kodwa amakhambi akhokhelwe anikeza ukuphathwa kanye nekhambi elisebenzayo.
  • Firewalls: Ibhuloho elilandelayo elingahlola izimoto ze-WFWs, ama-website ayingozi, futhi linikeze ukusekela. Izikole eziningi zase-Ireland zisebenzisa i-firewall elungiselelwe i-Broadband Programme, kodwa ziqinisekisa ukuthi ihlelwe kahle.
  • Ukuphepha kwe-imeyili: Sebenzisa inkonzo yokuhluza i-imeyili yefu (umzk., Mimecast, i-unistporation, noma i-Microsoft eyakhelwe i-in-hivictor for Office 365) ukuzwa nokuhlukanisa ama-imeyili e-ashting, i-synet, kanye nezithathiwe ezinenzondo.
  • Ukuthola isiphelo somkhondo nempendulo (EDR): Izikole ezine-IT ekhule kakhulu, amathuluzi e-EDR aqondisa izisetshenziswa ezibonisa ukuziphatha okusolekayo futhi angakhipha umshini oyekeni.

Ukuvimbela Ukulahlekelwa Imininingwane (DLP) Nokuhlola

Amathuluzi e-DLP avimbela ukuba ukwaziswa okuzwelayo kuthunyelwe, kugcwaliswe, noma kukopishwe ezindaweni ezingagunyaziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lwe-DLP lungavimbela ilungu lezisebenzi ekulandeleni i-imeyili enezinombolo ze-PS ukuya kwi-akhawunti ye-Gmail yalo siqu. I-Microsoft 365 ne-Google Comfort yowodwa ihlanganisa amakhono okwakha i-DLP angahlelwa engxenyeni yemfundo. Futhi kusetshenziswa ukubhula ngokuhlola ukuze kufinyezwe ukuthi imniningo isiphi futhi nini, okudingeka ekuhloleni izenzakalo kanye nokulandisa kwe-GDPR.

Ukukhetha Izindlela Ezilondekile Zokuxhumana Nezihambi

Lapho zikhetha amathuluzi amasha emishini, izikole kumele ziqhube Ukuvikela i-Data Impact Assessment (DPIAS) njengoba kufunwa yi-GDPR. Zibuza abathengisi:

  • Igcinwaphi imininingwane? (Izisebenzisi ezisekelwe kwi-Prefer EEA.)
  • Yiziphi izindinganiso zokuvulwa kwemibhalo eyimfihlo ezisetshenziswayo?
  • Ingabe baye babhekana nokuwohloka kokwaziswa eminyakeni emithathu edlule?
  • Ingabe anesiqinisekiso esingu - ISO 27001 noma esifana naso?
  • Iyiphi indlela yokugcina ukwaziswa nokukukhipha ngemva kokuphela kwesivumelwano?

Gwema amathuluzi afaka ukwaziswa kwabafundi ngokukhangisa noma ngokukhangisa. I-Primary Atisters’s Network (IPN) ne-National Association of Macards and Secretards (NAPD) zivame ukunyathelisa uhlu lwabadayisi abanamathelisi abanamatheli.

Ukwakha Umthetho Wokuvikela Imininingwane

Isimiso esibhalwe kahle siyisisekelo sohlelo lokuzivikela lokwaziswa kwesikole. Kufanele kube yincwadi ephilayo, ebukezwe minyaka yonke nangemva koshintsho oluphawulekayo noma isenzakalo.

Izingxenye zenqubo

Isimiso sokuvikela ukwaziswa esiqinile esikoleni kufanele sihlanganise okuncane:

  • Izinga nenjongo (ukwaziswa okuhlanganisiwe, okuyimbangela).
  • Izimiso zemininingwane zokuvikela (ukulinganisela, ukulinganisela, ukulinganisela kwenjongo, ukulinganisela kokwaziswa, ukunemba, ukulinganiselwa kokugcinwa, ubuqotho nokugcina imfihlo, ukulandisa ngecala).
  • Indima nemithwalo yemfanelo (isikhulu sokuzivikela, esiyinhloko, sothisha, esiphethe).
  • Ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa nezinqubo zokuvuma (ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezikhethekile zokwaziswa njengempilo ne - biometric).
  • Ukuhlanganyela izivumelwano zemininingwane (noMnyango Wezemfundo, iTusLA, ochwepheshe bezempilo, nabazali).
  • Iziqondiso zokuthwebula izithombe nezokuthwebula izithombe (ukuvuma, ukugcina nokugcina izenzakalo zesikole, iCCTV).
  • Inqubo yesaziso (njengoba kubonisiwe ngaphambili).
  • Amalungelo omuntu ngamunye (izicelo ezingaphansi kokutholakala, ukubuyiselwa, i - recurence, ukugcinwa kokwaziswa).
  • Ukuqeqesha nokuqaphela isimiso.
  • Izindlela zokulawula ezingahambisani.

Ukubukeza Nokuvuselela Izinguquko

Misa ukuhlolwa kohlelo lwaminyaka yonke nebhodi yabaphathi ne DPO. Ngemva kwe-DPO. Ngemva kwesephu sokwaziswa, lungisa uhlelo lokusingatha imbangela eyisisekelo. Uma uMnyango omusha wemfundo noma i DPC ukhipha izinguquko ngokushesha. Izikole eziningi zase-Ireland zisebenzisa amasilinganisi athathwe ezikoleni ezilandelayo, kanye nezisukela ku i-PPN noma i- i-IRIS Vocational Education Association (IVETRAC) ezikoleni ezilandelayo, nakusukela [FLD] [[FLD]] izikole eziyinhloko. Lezethiyo kufanele ikhuliswe ezikoleni eziyinhloko zesikole.

Isiphetho: Ukuzibophezela Ekubeni Owedwa Kwabafundi

Ukuvikela i-data yabafundi akuyona nje i-GDPR engokomthetho kuphela kodwa futhi kuwumthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko owakha ukwethemba abazali, abafundi, nomphakathi obanzi. Izikole zase-Ireland ezifaka izimali zokulawula izinhlelo eziqinile, ukuvikela i-social meter, ukuqeqesha izisebenzi, ukulungiselela, nezimiso ezibhalwe kahle azigcini ngokuhambisana ne-GDPR kuphela kodwa futhi zidala indawo ephephile yokufunda ngemishini. Izinsongo zingokoqobo, kodwa namathuluzi nolwazi lokuzivikela. Ngokuthatha indlela eqinile, ukusondela, zonke izikole zingaguqula i-data isivikelo esimweni esinzima. Qala namuhla: qhuba ukuhlolwa kwemininingwane, ukubukeza inqubo yakho yokuqeqesha i-milulo, nokuqinisekisa ukusabela kwakho kungoko. Ukuzilungisa kwakho kuxhomeke kuleyo yindlela yokuzivikela.