Kulo lonke izwe, izikole zendawo zithatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokusekela abafundi abakhubazekile ekufundeni, zidala izindawo ezihlala abantu lapho ingane ngayinye inethuba lokuphumelela ngokwemfundo nasemphakathini. Lemizamo imelela ushintsho oluphawulekayo ezindleleni zesikhathi esidlule, ukwamukela izindlela ezisekelwe kubufakazi eziqaphela amandla ayingqayizivele nezinselele zabafundi abangakwazi ukuzwa imithambo yengqondo. Ngokufaka imali ekhethekile ekufundiseni, ubuchwepheshe obusizayo, kanye nokusebenzelana okuqinile nemikhaya, izikole zisiza abafundi ukuba baphumelele kodwa baphumelele. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela lezinyathelo ezisebenza ngayo, ithonya abalenza ngalo msebenzi odingekayo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi akukho mfundi osele.

Ukuqonda Ukukhubazeka Ekufundeni

Ukukhubazeka kolwazi kuyizimo zezinzwa ezithinta ikhono lobuchopho lokwamukela, ukusebenza, ukugcina, nokusabela ekwazisweni. Azisho ukuthi umuntu uhlakaniphile; kunalokho, zimelela umehluko ekusebenzeni kobuchopho ngendlela ethile. Izinhlobo ezivamile zihlanganisa:

  • I-Dyslexia: Ukukhubazeka okusekelwe olimini okuphazamisa ukufunda ngokushelelayo, ukuxega, nokuqonda. Kuthinta cishe u-15/20% womphakathi ngokwezinga elihlukene.
  • Dyscalculia: Ukukhubazeka okuhlobene nezibalo, okubangela ubunzima bokuqonda izibalo, ukubala, nokucabanga ngezibalo.
  • Dysgraphia:[ Isimo esikhubaza ukubhala, ukubhala, nokubhala, ngokuvamile ngenxa yezinselele zokulungisa imoto noma amafishi.
  • Ukuphazamiseka kokulandelana nokubukeka: Ukungaqondi ukuzwa noma ukubona ukwaziswa ngisho nalapho ukuzwa nokubona kungaphelele.
  • Nonverbal Learning Disability (NVLD): izinselele ngokuxhumanisa imithambo, amakhono okubona, kanye nokuzibandakanya nomphakathi, ngokuvamile okunamandla okukhuluma.

Ngokwe Cententers for Disease Control and Prevention, cishe u-6-7% wezingane ezifundayo uthola izinkonzo ezikhethekile zemfundo ngaphansi kohlobo oluthile lokukhubazeka kokufunda, ikwenza kube ngenye yezigaba ezivame kakhulu ezikoleni. Ukuqaphela nokuqonda lezizimo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibucayi ekunikezeni ukusekela okufanele.

Ukuthola Ukukhubazeka Ekufundeni Ngisemncane

Ukuziveza kuqala kuyisihluthulelo sokungenela okuphumelelayo. Izikole zisebenzisa isimiso esinezingxenye eziningi sokusekela (MTS) noma ukusabela ekungeneleni (RTI) ukwakheka kokucwenga bonke abafundi ukuze baqonde izinkinga zokufunda. Lezi zimiso zivame ukuhlanganisa izitebhisi ezintathu:

  • [ ukulingana okuphezulu, ukufundisa okusekelwe kubufakazi ekilasini elivamile labo bonke abafundi, ngokuhlolwa kwembulunga yonke izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka.
  • I-'i-'[[FLT'] Ihlosiwe, ukungenela kweqembu elincane kubafundi ababonisa ingozi noma ubunzima obuthile, ngokuvamile obuthatha amasonto angu-8-12.
  • I-'i-'[[FLT'] I-intelligence's', ukungenela okungayedwa kwabafundi abangasabeli ngokwanele ekusekeleni kwe-Tier 2.

Uma umfundi eqhubeka elwa naphezu kokungenela okuhle, izikole zihlola ngokubanzi okuhlanganisa ukuhlola ukuhlolwa kokuqonda, ukuphumelela kwemfundo, ukuqapha, kanye nokwaziswa komzali. Lokhu kuhlola kunquma ukuthi ukukhubazeka okuthile kokufunda kukhona yini nokuthi umfundi uyakufanelekela yini ukufaneleka i-Iniferzed Education Program (IEP) ngaphansi kwe-Avessorder Education Act (IEA).

Abazali nothisha kufanele baqaphele izimpawu ezixwayisayo zakuqala: ubunzima obuphikelelayo ngemisindo yezinhlamvu, i-hyming, noma i-sequencing; inkinga yokukhumbula amaqiniso ezibalo; ukubambelela kwepensela okungathandeki noma umbhalo ongaqondakali; noma igebe elikhulu phakathi kwekhono lengane lokukhuluma nokusebenza kwemfundo. INational Center for Learning Diseasel inikeza iziqondiso ezibonisayo zezimpawu zokuqala [ abazali nabafundisi bangazisebenzisa.

Izindlela Zobuciko Ezisetshenziswa Izikole Zendawo

Izikole zendawo zisebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokusekela abafundi abanenkinga yokufunda, zihlanganisa iziyalezo ezingokomthetho nemikhuba yekilasi emisha.

Izimiso Zemfundo Ezingazodwa (IEP)

I-IEP iyincwadi ebophayo ngokomthetho ehlela izindawo ezithile zokulala, ukulungisa, kanye nemigomo kumfundi okhubazekile. Izindawo ezivamile zihlanganisa isikhathi esengeziwe ezivivinyweni, izihlalweni ezithandekayo, imithwalo yesikole enciphile, ukukwazi ukusebenzisa i-software yemilando, nemvume yokusebenzisa i-software ekhethekile yokubhala. Kodwa i-IEP ephumelelayo idlula kuloluhlu lohlelo: iphuhliswa ngokubambisana ngothisha, abazali, izazi zengqondo zesikole, nomfundi (uma kufanele). Imigomo ilungele ukuhlanganisa futhi ilungise izindawo ezikhethekile zomfundi, njengokuthuthukisa ukuqonda ngamazinga amabili onyaka noma angonyaka.

Ukuhlola intuthuko njalo kwakhelwa enqubweni ye-IEP, okunamathuba ahleliwe okulungisa noma kanye ngonyaka namathuba okulungisa adingekayo. Izikole eziphumelela kakhulu ziqinisekisa ukuthi othisha abavamile bayazi kahle futhi basebenzise indawo yokulala ye-IEP ngokungaguquki, hhayi nje ekilasini lemfundo elikhethekile.

Isiyalo Esikhethekile

Imfundo ekhethekile ivame ukuthatha uhlobo lweqembu elincane noma elinye elifundisayo lisebenzisa ikhodi elisekelwe kubufakazi. Ngokwesibonelo, indlela ye-Orton-Gilllingham isetshenziswa kabanzi kubafundi abane-dyslexia, igcizelela imfundo ebanzi ehlanganisa ukubona, ukuzwa, ne-kinestethetic trans. Ngokufanayo, kubafundi abane dyscalcuria, izinhlelo ezinjenge-ichmont Math noma iNombers Worlds inikeza i-scrective-ement-pread-sture ngezibalo.

Izikole eziningi zinikeza "iphash-in" izinkonzo, lapho uthisha okhethekile wemfundo esebenza khona kanye nothisha ovamile wemfundo ekilasini, enikeza ukusekela kwangempela kwesikhathi ngaphandle kokususa umfundi endaweni ezungezile ebanzi. "Izinkonzo ze-pane-emode", lapho abafundi besebenza khona egumbini lemitapo yosizo ngokwengxenye yosuku, kuhlala kuvamile ukungenela okukhulu. Ukukhetha kuxhomeke ezidingweni zomfundi nasendaweni engabekezelelwe kakhulu (L.L) isimiso esinqunyiwe yi-IDEA.

Usizo lwesayensi yemisebenzi ethile oluthandekayo

Ubuchwepheshe buye bashintsha ukusekela kwabafundi abanenkinga yokufunda. Amathuluzi avamile ahlanganisa:

  • Umbhalo-o kuya--Speech (TS): i-Software efana ne-Kurzeil 3000 noma i-Natural Reader efunda ngokuzwakalayo umbhalo wenombolo, isiza abafundi abano-dyslexia ebanga eliphakathi ekungeneni.
  • Izinhlelo ezisetshenziswayo ezithi "Dragon" Ngokujwayelekile noma ezakhiwe-ku-OS ezivumela abafundi abasebenzisa i-dysgraphia ukuba baqondise imicabango yabo.
  • Izincwadi nezifundiso: Izisekelo ezinjengokufunda I-Ally noma Incwadi inikeza umtapo omkhulu wezincwadi nezincwadi ezifundwayo.
  • [[[UMTL:0] Abahleli bobuGraphiki: amathuluzi ezibalo anjenge-Inspiration noma Ind Meister isiza abafundi ukuba bahlele imiqondo yokubhala nemisebenzi.
  • [[UMTH: 0] Iids zokuhlanganisa: Umshini wokubala okhulumayo noma olawulayo owenziwe kubafundi abane dyscalculia.

I-website eqoshiwe.org inikeza iziqondiso eziwusizo zobuchwepheshe obusizayo ekukhubazekeni okuthile. Izikole zinikeza ukuqeqesha okungaqedi kubafundi kuphela kodwa futhi nakuthisha nabazali ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lamathuluzi asetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo.

Ukuqeqesha Abafundi Nokuthuthuka Kobuchwepheshe

Ukusekela okuphumelelayo kuxhomeke kothisha abaqeqeshiwe. Izifunda eziningi zendawo zitshala imali entuthukweni eqhubekayo yobuchwepheshe egxile:

  • Ukuqonda ukukhubazeka kokufunda
  • Isebenzisa amasu okufundisa asekelwe kubufakazi
  • Ukusebenzisa ukwaziswa ukuze kuhlukanise iziyalezo
  • Ukufuna impucuko yasekilasini elivamile
  • Ukusebenzelana nezisebenzi zemfundo ekhethekile nemikhaya

Ezinye izikole ziye zasebenzisa uHlomelo Lwendawo Yonke lokufundisa (UDL), oluklama ngokunenzuzo izifundo ezizotholakala kubo bonke abafundi kusukela ekuqaleni, ezinciphisa isidingo sezindawo zokuhlala zomuntu ngamunye kamuva. UDL ugcizelela izindlela eziningi zokumelela, ukuveza amazwi, nefilosofi ethembisayo — okusiza abafundi ngokusiza futhi okungenazo iziqu.

Izinhlelo Zontanga Ezisekelayo

Ukuhlobana kwezenhlalo kuyisici esibalulekile sempumelelo. Izinhlelo zontanga zokusekela, njengokufundisa ontanga, abangane besidlo sasemini, namakhono okuhlalisana, zisiza abafundi abakhubazekile ekufundeni ukuba bakhe ubungane nokuzethemba. Ngokwesibonelo, "Isici se-Cyrick of Friends" siqeqesha iqembu elincane lontanga elikhulayo ukusekela nokufakwa komfundi okhubazekile. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi le zinhlelo zinciphisa ihlazo, zithuthukisa ikhono lomphakathi, futhi zithuthukisa umuzwa wokuba yiwo wonke umuntu ohlanganyela kulo.

Ezinye izikole zibuye zisebenzise amacebiso ontanga lapho abafundi asebekhulile besiza khona abasebasha ezifundweni nasekuthuthweni kwezindawo ezivamile.

Indima Yabafundisi Bemfundo Ekhethekile Nezisebenzi

Othisha abakhethekile bayimbangela yalemizamo. Baklama futhi banikeze imfundo enikezwa ngabanye, balawule ama-IEP, basebenzelane nothisha abavamile bemfundo, futhi baxhumane nabazali. Ukuqeqeshwa kwabo kuhlanganisa umsebenzi ophambili wokuhlolwa kwezifundo, ukulawulwa kokuziphatha, ukujwayela izifundo, namasu okufundisa ezidingweni zemfundo ezihlukahlukene.

Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zasesikoleni zifeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni abafundi ngokukhubazeka ekufundeni futhi zibanikeze iseluleko ngezinselele ezingokomzwelo. Izazi zolimi olusekelwe ekufundeni, kuyilapho abelaphi abasebenza besiza ngezinkinga zemoto nezokuhlanganisa izinzwa. I-Paraprofessal (izinsiza-mfundo) inikeza ukusekela kwesigaba sokufundisa, inikeza amasu okuziphethe, futhi isize ngokunakekela komuntu siqu lapho kudingeka.

Izikole eziphumelelayo zakha amaqembu abambisanayo ahlangana njalo (kaningi masonto onke) ukuze kuxoxwe ngentuthuko yabafundi futhi kushintshwe izimo. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi alikho ilungu elilodwa lezisebenzi elizihlukanisayo futhi kunezimo eziningi ezibonisa ukuthi umfundi ngamunye uhlela ukwenzani.

Ithonya Kubafundi

Uma izikole zendawo zisebenzisa lezi zinqubo ngokungaguquguquki, imiphumela ingashintsha. Abafundi abakhubazekile ekufundeni babonisa intuthuko engcono ekusebenzeni kwemfundo: bazuza ekufundeni nokuqonda, amakhono amabala angcono, nokubhala okuhlelekile. Kodwa futhi zibaluleke ngokufanayo izinzuzo ezingezona ezemfundo.

Abafundi bavame ukuzwa ukukhuliswa kobungqabavu nokuzethemba lapho ekugcineni beqonda bona ngokwabo befunda futhi bethola amathuluzi ukuze baphumelele. Kunokuba babe nomuzwa "owenziwe ngemuva" bafunde ukuzisekela bona ngokwabo, bafune indawo yokuhlala, basebenzise ubuchwepheshe obusizayo bengazihloniphi, futhi bachaze izidingo zabo kothisha. Ngobudlelwane, bahlanganyela ngenkuthalo emsebenzini weqembu, imisebenzi yangemva kwesikole, nezingxoxo zasekilasini.

Ukuhlola okwakhishwa yiNational Center for Learning Livingment kwathola ukuthi abafundi abathola izinkonzo ezikhethekile eziphumelelayo zemfundo basengozini kakhulu yokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, ukuphishekela imfundo yangemva kwesekondari, nokuthola umsebenzi olondekile uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangatholanga ukusekelwa okufanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhuba egcwele iye yaboniswa ukuzuzisa bonke abafundi: ontanga abavamile baba nozwela olukhudlwana, amakhono okukhulumisana, namakhono okuxazulula izinkinga lapho befunda kanye nabo ekilasini abahlukahlukene.

Ukuhileleka Komphakathi Nabazali

Izikole eziphumelelayo zendawo zisiza abazali nezinhlangano zomphakathi ukuze zakhe isimiso sokusekela esingenalutho.

Ubuhlobo bomzali nomzali

Izikole zinezindawo zokusebenzela izihloko ezinjengokuqonda ama-IEP, ukuqondisa inqubo yokuhlola, nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ekhaya. Zinikeza imindeni engakhulumi ngesiNgisi izinto ezihunyushweyo futhi zinikeza izikhathi zemihlangano ezivumelanayo ukuze kuhlaliswe abazali abasebenzayo. Ukuxhumana njalo ngama-imeyili, izingcingo, nemihlangano yabafundisi kuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhaya ingabantu abanolwazi.

Izikole eziningi zinemikhandlu yezemfundo ekhethekile enikeza abazali igunya ezinqumweni zezemfundo. Lamaqembu angasekela imithombo eyengeziwe, ukuqeqeshwa okungcono, noma izinguquko ezinqunyweni zesigodi. Ubudlelwane obuphumelela kakhulu bakhelwa ekwethembaneni nasekuhlonipheni izingane. /Isikole silalela ukukhathazeka kwabazali ngezingane, futhi abazali bayaqonda ukuthi izikole zibhekene nemingcele.

Imithombo Yomphakathi

Izinhlangano zendawo ezingatholi nzuzo, izikhungo zokufundisa, kanye nezindlela zokwelapha ngokuvamile zibambisana nezikole ukuze zinikeze izinkonzo ezengeziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kwezinhlelo eziklanyelwe abafundi abakhubazekile ekufundeni zinganikeza usizo lwasekhaya kanye nobuciko bezenhlalo. Amathala neminyuziyamu ngezinye izikhathi kunezenzakalo ezigcwele. Eminye imiphakathi inezehlo esekelayo lapho imikhaya ihlanganyela khona iseluleko nokusekela okungokomzwelo.

Izikole zingahlanganisa imikhaya nemithombo yezwe njenge Ngaphansi kokuqonda. org ne-website ye- i-National Center for Learning Disease[, enikeza izithako, izihloko, nesiqondiso esingokomthetho.

Izinselele Nezixazululo

Despite the many successes, local schools face significant challenges in supporting students with learning disabilities. Acknowledging these obstacles is essential for continuous improvement.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemali Nemithombo Yengcebo

Imfundo ekhethekile iyabiza. Izindleko zokuhlola, izifundo ezikhethekile zesikole, ezobuchwepheshe obukhethekile, nezisebenzi zidlula lokho izifunda eziningi ezikutholayo ekuxhaseni ngokwezimali kukahulumeni nombuso. Ngenxa yalokho, izikole zingaba nezimpahla ezinkulu kubafundisi abakhethekile, zinciphise ukunakwa komfundi ngamunye. Ezinye izikole azinamali yobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswayo noma ukuqeqesha bonke izisebenzi.

Iziphakamiso: Izifunda zingafuna izimali ezivela ku-odanti nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, ukusebenzelana namabhizinisi endawo ngeminikelo yobuchwepheshe, nokusebenzisa izinto eziphambili ekungeneleni okusekelwe kubufakazi. Ezinye izifundazwe zinezindlela ezikhuphule izimali zabafundi abakhubazekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa i-UDL ne-MTS kunganciphisa isidingo sezinkonzo ezibiza kakhulu ze-Tier 3 ngokuthatha izinkinga ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukuswela Kwabafundisi

Kunokuntuleka kothisha abakhethekile abaqeqeshiwe ezweni lonke. Ukudilizwa kwemisebenzi edinga umsebenzi, izimfuneko zomsebenzi, kanye nokulimala okungokomzwelo kubangela ukutubeka okukhulu nokushintshashintsha kwezinga. Izikole eziningi ziphoqelelwa ukuba ziqashe othisha abangagunyaziwe ngokugcwele noma bathembele ezintweni ezithatha isikhathi eside esikhundleni sabo.

Iziphakamiso: Izifunda zinganikeza ukusayina amabhonasi, ukuboleka abafundi, noma imbuyiselo yezisebenzi ezilandela amadegree olwazi olukhethekile. Izinhlelo ze-methorgyp yothisha abasha kanye namaphepha ancishisiwe (umz., ngokusebenzisa i-IEP iqoqo lemininingwane ye-openOffice) zingathuthukisa ukugcinwa. Ezinye izikole zisungule "izifundo" lapho othisha ababili behlanganyela khona ikilasi, benciphisa i-software.

Ukusetshenziswa Okushintshayo

Ngisho noma kunezimiso ezinhle, ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi kuyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwamakilasi nezikole. Umfundi angase abe nesimiso esinamandla sokusekela ohlwini olulodwa kodwa uthisha ongalandeli i-IEP kolulandelayo. Ukungabi nacala noma ukuphatha kunganciphisa intuthuko.

Iziphetho: Abaqondisi kufanele baqhube ukuhlolwa kwama-'pial's' avamile okusetshenziswa kwe-IEP, banikeze ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kothisha, futhi bahlanganise abaphathi bemfundo ekhethekile eqenjini ngalinye lebanga lebanga lebanga eliphezulu. Ukugubha nokuhlanganyela imikhuba emihle kakhulu esifundeni kukhuthaza nokungaguquguquki.

Ukuqinela Umphakathi Nokuqinela Abanye

Abafundi abakhubazekile ekufundeni basengozini enkulu yokuhlukunyezwa noma ukuzizwa bengedwa, bangase bangabaze ukusebenzisa indawo yokuhlala phambi kontanga besaba ukuthi bazobhekwa njengabahlukile.

Iziphakamiso: Izikole zingakha isiko lokwamukelwa ngezinhlelo ezimelene nesikole ezisezweni lonke, imikhankaso yokuphaphamisa, nemikhuba yekilasi ehlanganisa ukukhubazeka. Ontanga basekela izinhlelo kanye "ne-neudictrity tilt" nosiza ekuhlukaniseni izinto ezivamile. Abafundisi bangalingisa ulimi olunenhlonipho futhi bangene ngokushesha lapho bebona ukugconwa noma ukukhishwa.

Isiphetho

Izikole zendawo zenza intuthuko enkulu ekusekeleni abafundi abakhubazekile ekufundeni ngokusebenzisa amasu ahloselwe ukuwasebenzisa, ukutshala intuthuko yobuchwepheshe, nokuthuthukisa ubuhlobo obuqinile nemikhaya nemiphakathi. Kusukela ekuzibonakaliseni kwasekuqaleni ngezimiso eziningi kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke kobuchwepheshe obusizayo nemfundo enikezwa ngabanye, lemizamo isiza abafundi ukuba banqobe izithiyo futhi bafeze amakhono abo agcwele.

Kodwa izinselele zisekhona: ukuxhasa amagebe, ukuswelakala kothisha, nesidingo sokusetshenziswa okungaguquguquki nokulinganayo kuzo zonke izikole. Umsebenzi awuqedi. Ukuzibekelela ngokuqhubekayo, ukusungula, nokuqapha kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bonke abafundi abakhubazekile ekufundeni bayakwazi ukuthola imithombo, isikhuthazo, nenkolelo ekhonweni labo lokuphumelela. Ngokusungula lokho okungafezwanga, izikole zendawo zingakha isimiso semfundo lapho ukukhubazeka kwemizwa kuqashelwa khona njengekhono futhi zonke izingane zingachuma.