Ukuthuthuka Kwenhlangano Eholela Emfundweni

Kulo lonke izwe, izikole zendawo ziphendukela ekucabangeni nasekuzindleni njengezindlela ezisekelwe ebufakazini zokusekela ukuthuthukisa okuhle nokuphumelela kwemfundo. Lapho sezibhekwa njengemisebenzi ewubuningi, lezi zinqubo manje zihlanganiswa njengezimiso zesikole zansuku zonke, kusukela emakilasini aqalayo kuya ezikhathini zesikole esiphakeme. Ukushintsha kubonisa ukuqonda okujulile ukuthi impilo yengqondo iyisisekelo sokufunda — nokuthi ukufundisa abafundi indlela yokulawula ukunaka kwabo nemizwelo kungabaluleka njengokufundisa izibalo noma ukufunda.

Umqondo, ochazwa kabanzi njengekhono lokunaka isikhathi samanje ngokuthulula amahloni nangokufuna ukwazi, uvumelana nezindlela zobudala ezifanele. Ukuhlala buthule imizuzu embalwa yokuzwa umoya, ukuthatha isicathulo esiqondisa umzimba, noma ukwenza umshini wokubhala izincwadi zokubonga kumane kuyizibonelo ezimbalwa nje. Izikole zibika ukuthi lemikhuba inciphisa ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo, ithuthukisa ukugxila, futhi yakha isiko lesikole elinozwela ngokwengeziwe.

[[FLT:] ukusekela lezindlela kuyaqhubeka kukhula. A 2019 meta-analysis ekhishwe ku i-Educationology Review[ ithole ukuthi izinhlelo zemfundo yesikole zazinemiphumela emincane kodwa emihle kakhulu ethinta ukusebenza kwengqondo, iziqondiso ezingokomzwelo, nokunciphiswa kokucindezela. [[FLT: 4,] iNhlangano ye-Dich Psychtical [ iqokolise indlela ukungenela kwengqondo okungathoba ngayo amazinga ekhortiso nokuthuthukisa inkumbulo esebenzayo kubafundi. Le miphumela ishukumisela abaphathi nothisha ukuba bahlole ukuthi ingqondo ingasebenza kanjani futhi isekelwe ngayo.

Okwenza Izikole Zamukele Ukuzindla Nokuzindla

Izizathu zokutholwa kwabantwana ziningi. Abafundisi babhekana nezinselele ezinyukayo zokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka nokuziphatha phakathi kwabafundi. Izingcindezi zokuhlola okuvamile, imithombo yezindaba, kanye nejubane lokuphila elisheshayo kuye kwashiya intsha eningi izizwa ikhungathekile. Umqondo nokuzindla kunikeza indlela ephansi, efinyelelekayo yokuhlomisela abafundi ngamathuluzi abangawasebenzisa kokubili ekilasini nangaphandle.

Izinzuzo Zokuthola Imali Nezinzuzo

Enye yezizathu ezishukumisa kakhulu zokucabanga ezikoleni yithonya layo ebuchosheni. Ukuhlola okusebenzisa iziphazamiso zengqondo kuye kwabonisa ukuthi umkhuba wokuzindla njalo ungaqinisa i-preprerter cortex — indawo enomthwalo wokuqondisa imisebenzi enjengokunaka, ukulawula ukushukuma, nokwenza izinqumo. Ekilasini, lokhu kuguqulela kubafundi abakwazi kangcono ukugxilisa ukunakekela phakathi nezifundo, bangazinaki iziphazamiso, futhi balawule imizwelo yabo. Abafundi babika ukuthi ngemva kokuzivivinya kwengqondo okufushane, abafundi bazimisele futhi bakulungele ukufunda.

Ukuqondisa Ukufunda Okuthinta Imizwelo Yomphakathi

Ukuqonda kuvumelana ngokwemvelo nesimiso sokufunda ngokwenhlalo (SEL). Izifunda eziningi nezigodi manje zidinga i-SELE ukuncintisana njengokuziqaphela, ukuzilawula, ukuqapha komphakathi, amakhono obudlelwane, nokwenza izinqumo. Umqondo usekela ngokuqondile lamakhono ngokusiza abafundi baqaphele imizwelo yabo, bazithobe lapho becasukile, futhi bahlakulele uzwela kwabanye. Izinhlelo ezinjenge Isikole esinenzuzo [ ukuvumelanisa ngokucacile izinga labo lokudlalwa no-CASEL (Usizo lolwazi lwe-ASMELT, Social, Social, and Commentalorgie), ukwenza ukuhlangana kwezindinganiso ze-S-SElsel.

Ukuncipha Kokucindezeleka Nokusekelwa Kwempilo Yengqondo

Ukucindezeleka phakathi kwezingane ezisesikoleni kusemazingeni ashaqisayo. I-American Academy of Pediatrics iye yaveza isimo esiphuthumayo somhlaba ezinganeni nasempilweni yengqondo eyeve eshumini nambili. Uphengululi luyisivikelo. Ukucwaninga eYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, i-Greater Key’s Good Science Center kubonisa ukuthi ngisho nokungenela okufushane kwengqondo kunganciphisa izimpawu zokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka entsheni. Izikole ezisiza imiphakathi enezinga eliphakeme lezehlakani elikhungathekile ziye zathola ukuthi inqubo eyingozi enengqondo eqinile — leyo egcizelela ukuphepha nokukhetha — ingasiza abafundi ukuba bazizwe bezolile futhi belondekile ngokwengeziwe.

Izindlela Zokuhlobanisa Ezikoleni

Izikole zizama ukwenza izinto ezinengqondo nokuzindla ngosuku lwesikole, ngakho akukho neyodwa indlela esebenzayo kuwo wonke amakolishi, ngakho othisha bavumelanisa imikhuba ukuze ivumelane nezimiso zabo, imithombo yemali, nohlelo lwabafundi.

Imikhuba Yokucabanga Ekuseni

Izikole eziningi ziqala usuku ngesimiso esifushane sengqondo. Lokhu kungaba lula njengokuzivivinya okuneminenjana eyodwa ngokuphefumula nge-intercom, noma ukuzindla okunemizuzu eyishumi okuqondiswe endlini yasekhaya. Othisha ngokuvamile basebenzisa ama-alfas anjenge-Comer noma Headspace, noma amarekhodi emisindo ehholo ezinhlangano ezinjenge Inner Kids[. Umgomo ukusiza abafundi ukuba bashintshele ekusakazeni kohambo oluvamile olunesiphithiphithiphithi ekuseni kuya esimweni esizothile, esiqondiswe ekufundeni.

Izindlela Zokusungula Ezithuthukisiwe

Kunokuphathwa kobungqabavu njengendaba ehlukile, othisha abaningi bayifaka ezifundweni zabo ezikhona. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nomlando wezifundo zamalungelo omphakathi, uthisha angahola ingxoxo emfushane ngokubheka izinto, alandelwe ngokuzihlola. Ekilasini lesayensi, abafundi bangase baqaphe ukuqaphela isitshalo noma idwala, bakha inzwa yabo. Lendlela ehlangeneyo iqinisa umqondo wokuthi ukucabangela akuwona nje umsebenzi kodwa indlela yokusebenza kuzo zonke izici zokuphila.

Ukuqhuma Kwengqondo Usuku Lonke

Izikole futhi zihlanganisa “amakhefu okuthula” noma“amagumbi okuthula” lapho abafundi bengaqhelela khona ngokuzithandela ukuze basebenzise izindlela zokuzolisa. Lezi zikhawu ziwusizo kakhulu kakhulu ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ngemva kwekhefu, noma lapho izingxabano ziphakama. Amanye amakilasi anezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi“i-canm'sty".

Ngemva kweSikole Nezinhlelo Zokudla

Le minikelo yokuzithandela inikeza abafundi abanesithakazelo esijulile sokuhlola ingqondo lapho behleli neqembu. Abaqondisi abaqeqeshiwe — ngezinye izikhathi abeluleki besikole, ngezinye izikhathi izisebenzi zokuzithandela zomphakathi — izinhlelo eziphambili ezingase zihlanganise ukuzindla, ukunyakaza okuhle nezingxoxo.

Ukuqeqesha Abafundi Nabafundisi Abanengqondo

Mhlawumbe isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekufezeni okuphumelelayo ukuqeqesha kothisha. Izikole ezifaka imali empucukweni esekelwe ekuthuthukisweni kwengqondo azihlomise abafundisi kuphela ngezindlela zokufundisa abafundi kodwa futhi zisiza othisha ukuba balawule ukucindezeleka kwabo siqu. Izinhlelo ezinjenge izikole ezifundisayo ukuqeqesha kothisha [ kanye nezokuthuthukisa ukubheka phambili kwemfundo (CAREE) uhlelo lubonise imiphumela emihle empucukweni nasemasimini. Abafundisi abacabanga ngokwabo bathambekele kakhulu ekulungiseni nasekuboniseni ukuzola nozwela, beveza umphumela ongathintinye kulo lonke isikole.

Izibonelo Zezinhlelo Ezinethonya

Izinhlelo eziningi ezihlelwe kahle ziye zathola inzuzo ezikoleni zendawo, zinikeza izifundo zesikole ezilungiselelwe, ukuqeqeshwa, nokusekela. Nakuba isihloko sokuqala siphawulwe ezintathu, nansi incazelo eningiliziwe kwezinye zezinketho ezisetshenziswa kakhulu nezisekelwe kakhulu kubufakazi.

Izikole Ezinengqondo

Iqanjwe ngo- 2007, izikole zeMindry School zingenye yezinhlangano ezivelele kakhulu ezinikeza imfundo ezikoleni zeK-12. Uhlelo lwazo luhlanganisa izifundo ze-inthanethi zothisha, izifundo zeK-5, namathuluzi ekilasi. Izifundo ziklanyelwe ukuba zibe ezifundekile futhi zithathe impumelelo ngokwesiko. Izikole ezisebenzisa izikole zeMindszelo ziye zabika ukwehla kwenani eliphansi nentuthuko ekuthembiseni abafundi. Inhlangano futhi inikeza izifundo zesiqalo ngesihle, yenza ukuba zingenele ezifundeni ezinemali elinganiselwe.

Isimiso Sekilasi Esizolile

I-Commal Child, eyasungulwa yi-Cameroo - project engakhiqizi, uhlelo olubhalwe phansi oluklanyelwe ukuqalwa kwezingane zisencane esikoleni esiphakeme. Ihlanganisa “imizuzu emincane yengqondo” yokuthi othisha bangangena kalula esikoleni ngaphandle kokulungiselela kakhulu. Lolu hlelo lugcizelela ukuba lula nokungaguquguquki, kanye nezindlela ezinjengokuvivinya ukuphefumula, ukubona, nokuhamba kahle. Isungulwe ezikoleni ezingaphezu kwekhulu endaweni yeChicago futhi iye yabonisa isithembiso ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka kothisha nokuthuthukisa ukuziphatha kwabafundi.

Isikhangeli sesingaphakathi

I-Inner Firectory inikeza uhlelo olukhethekile olusekelwe ekuhlolweni okungasekelwe emiqondweni oluqondisa abafundi ngokuzivivinya kwengqondo ngaphandle kokuba bafune othisha ukuba babe ochwepheshe bengqondo. Loluhlelo lunikeza izikhawu zansuku zonke ezibhalwe kusengaphambili ezifanelekele — kusukela ezinhlanu zemizuzu emincane kuya kweziyishumi ezifundweni zesikole esiphakeme. Ukucwaninga okuqhutshwa yiYunivesithi yase-Sowestern California kwathola ukuthi izikole ezisebenzisa i-Inner ispread zabona ukwehla okungu-7% ezinsuntswini kanye nokwehla ngo-5% emikhubeni ephazamisayo yokuziphatha. Uhlelo lubuye luhambisane nezindlela zokukhubazeka kwe-omstyhalo.

Ukujabula Nengqondo Ezikoleni (MAMS)

Olunye uhlelo olukhulayo yi-Yoga ne Mindaiveal in Schools (YAMS), ehlanganisa ukuma kwe-yoga kanye nokuphefumula nokuzindla. I-YAMS inikeza othisha ukuqeqeshwa kanye nezifundo ezihlelwe kahle zamamaki K-12. Ucwaningo olwakhishwa kuyi- Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research luthole ukuthi abafundi abahlanganyela eKWAMS babonisa ukwehla okukhulu ekukhathazekeni nasekuthuthukisweni kwemizwelo nemizwelo yabo.

Izinzuzo Kubafundi: Ngaphandle Kwekilasi

Nakuba ukugxila ezintweni ezithuthukisiwe nokunciphisa ukukhathazeka kuzuzisa kakhulu, ithonya elijule kakhulu litholakala ekukhuleni kwabafundi nasemakhonweni abo bonke ukuphila.

Ukuvuselela Imizwelo Okukhuliswe

Abafundi abakhathalelayo bafunda ukuqaphela imizwelo yabo futhi bathathe isinyathelo. Lokhu kubucayi ikakhulukazi phakathi nesikhathi sobusha, lapho izikhungo ezingokomzwelo zikhula ngokushesha.umfundi okwazi ukuma futhi aphefumule kathathu ngaphambi kokusabela empini yontanga cishe ngeke avuselele. Izikole ezinakekela ingqondo ziye zabika ukuthi zimbalwa izindawo zokuxhumana ezisehhovisi kanye nomuzwa wokuphepha phakathi kwabafundi.

Ukugxila Okuthuthukisiwe Nemisebenzi Yakho

Ucwaningo oluningi lufakazela ukuthi ukuqeqesha ingqondo kuthuthukisa ukunaka okukhethekile nokuqhubekayo.

Ukunciphisa Ukucindezeleka Nokukhathazeka

Ukusabela kokuphumula okubangelwa ukuzindla kunciphisa amazinga e-cortisol futhi kuvuselele isimiso sezinzwa ezizwelayo. Kubafundi ababhekene nokucindezeleka okungamahlalakhona — kungaba ukuphila okusheshayo, noma izinselele zezemfundo — lokhu kungaba ukushintshashintsha. Intsha ekhathalelayo ibika amazinga aphansi okuthatheka nokukhathazeka. Ezinye izikole ziye zahlangana ezinkonzweni zokweluleka, zinikeza amaqembu amancane abafundi abanokukhathazeka noma izenzakalo zenhlekelele.

Uzwela Olukhulu Namakhono Okusebenzelana Nezakhamuzi

Imikhuba yokuzindla ngothando okuhlanganisa ukuzindla — ukuqondisa ukuthakazelelwa wena nabanye — kuye kwahlotshaniswa nozwela olwengeziwe nokuziphatha okukhululekile. Esikoleni, lokhu kunganciphisa ukuqinela abanye futhi kuthuthukise ubuhlobo bontanga. Othisha babika ukuthi ngemva kokwenza njalo ngomqondo ovulekile, abafundi basengozini kakhulu yokusiza abafundi abafunda nabo ekilasini, babonise uzwela ngezingxabano, futhi baxazulule izingxabano ngokuthula.

Ukubuyela Endleleni Okude

Mhlawumbe inzuzo enkulu ukuhlakulela ukubekezela. ufundisa abafundi ukuthi imicabango nemizwelo kuthatha isikhathi eside — bayazimela.

Izinselele Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Naphezu kwesithembiso, ukunikeza izikole izithiyo. Izifunda kumelwe zisebenzise imali elinganiselwe, isikole esiminyene, nezinga elihlukene lezisebenzi ezithengayo. Nokho, ukuhlela nokuzibopha kunganqoba eziningi zalezi zithiyo.

Ukuntuleka Kokuqeqeshwa Nokwethemba Abafundi

Othisha abaningi baveza ukungakhululeki kokuzivivinya kwengqondo okuholelayo, ikakhulukazi uma bengazijwayezi. Bakhathazekile ngokwenza lokhu “kungalungile” noma banomuzwa wokuthi kunezela omunye umsebenzi esimisweni esigcwele kakade. Amakhambi ahlanganisa ukutshala imali elinganayo, ephansi ekuqeqesheni kolayini (njengalokho okunikezwa Izikole ezigcwele [[)] nokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezinamakhambiza adinga ukuphaza kothisha abambalwa. Izikole zingaqala futhi neqembu elincane lothisha abazimisele ngaphambi kokuba lande.

Isikhathi Esiningi Osukwini Lwesikole

Kunezimfuneko ezandayo zokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zemfundo, ukuthola ngisho nemizuzu emihlanu yokucabanga kungaba yinselele. Nokho, abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi isikhathi esichithwayo ekucabangeni siletha izinzuzo esikhathini esengeziwe sokufundiswa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okuncane. Ezinye izikole ziye zakhuluma ngalokhu ngokuhlanganisa ingqondo ibe yizinguquko — ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwezifundo noma ngaphambi kokudla kwasemini. Ukuvivinya ukuphefumula komzimba okunemizwa esheshayo cishe kungakhinyabezeli futhi kungawashintsha amandla ekilasini.

Ukuzwelana Nesiko Nenkolo

Abanye abazali namalungu omphakathi baye bazwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ukukhathalela kuwumkhuba ongokwenkolo, ikakhulukazi osekelwe ekuzindleni kobuBuddha. Izikole kumelwe zibonise ngokucacile ukuthi ukunaka kuyindlela yokungakholelwa enkolweni, engokwesayensi engokwempilo yengqondo nemfundo. Izinhlelo ezigcizelela ubufakazi obuyisisekelo futhi zigweme amagama angokwenkolo asiza ekunciphiseni lezizinto. Imikhaya ehlalayo ngobusuku obubodwa nokuxhumana okusobala kungakha ukwethembana nokusekela.

Ukulondolozwa Nokusekelwa Kwemali

Izinhlelo eziningi ezinengqondo zincike ezinkokhelweni noma eminikelweni, engase ingalondolozi. Izikole zingaphishekela ukuhlangana ne-SEL noma isikole sempilo ukuze zakhe imifudlana ehlala njalo exhasayo. Ukubambisana nezinhlangano zezempilo yengqondo zendawo noma amayunivesithi kunganikeza ukuqeqeshwa nokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo. Ezinye izifunda zezwe ziye zasungula abaqeqeshi abanezikole eziningi, zisakaza izindleko kuyilapho zilondoloza izinga.

Ukunikeza Izidingo Ezinhle Zabafundi

Izibalo ezithintithayo zingathola ukuthi inqubo ethile yokuhlukumeza ingqondo ibangela ukudabuka, ikakhulukazi leyo ehilela ukuvala amehlo noma ukugxila emzimbeni. Othisha abaqeqeshayo ukuba banikeze ukukhetha — njengokuzindla okuvulekile noma ukugxilisa izinzwa — kubalulekile. Ukusabela ngokwesiko, njengokusebenzisa izingathekiso ezingokwesiko noma ukuhlanganisa nabadala bomphakathi, kungandisa ukuthembisana kwabafundi bezizinda ezihlukahlukene.

Bheka Phambili: Ikusasa Lokucabangela Ezikoleni

Inkulumo icacile: ukuhluzekela nokuzindla kuyasuka emaceleni kuya kubantu abavamile emfundweni. Njengoba ukucwaninga okwengeziwe kuvela futhi njengoba othisha behlanganyela imikhuba emihle, ukuhlanganiswa cishe kuyojula. Iziqondiso zesikhathi esizayo zihlanganisa:

  • Ukusekela kwesilinganiso sobupholisti: Izimo eziningi ziyacabangela noma zidlulise umthetho okhuthaza ukuqapha nokuzimisela ezikoleni. [Imfundo ebanzi] nezikweletu ezifanayo zinganikeza izimfuneko ezinikezelweyo zokusekela nokuqeqesha uthisha.
  • Ukuhlanganiswa kwezesayensi yezokusebenza: Izilinganiso ezinjenge Headspace for Schools nokusetshenziswa cishe kweqiniso ekuzindleni okuqondiswayo kwenza ulwembu lungeneke futhi lungeneke ngokwengeziwe kubafundi bobuchwepheshe.
  • [ Imfundo esekelwe ku-Brain:[ Intuthuko kwisayensi yezinzwa isiza othisha ukuba baqonde indlela ingqondo ekhulayo ethinta ngayo ubuchopho, iholele ekungeneni okwengeziwe.
  • Umzali nokuhileleka komphakathi: izikole zinikeza abazali izindawo zokunakekela ingqondo kusihlwa, zidala ulimi olungaguquki nomkhuba phakathi kwekhaya nesikole.
  • Ukusetshenziswa okuqondiswe kahle: ukuqaphela ukuthi abafundi ezikoleni ezingatholi nzuzo babhekene namazinga aphakeme kakhulu okucindezeleka, kunempoqo eyandayo yokukhumbuza izikole I futhi baqinisekise ukuthi bonke abafundi banakho ukungena, hhayi nje labo abasezifundazweni ezicebile.

Ukugxilisa ingqondo nokuzindla ezimisweni zesikole zendawo akuyona nje inqubo ethembisayo — kuyisinyathelo esithembisayo, esiwubufakazi sokuthuthukisa impilo, ukugxilisa ingqondo ngokwengeziwe nokuthuthukisa imfundo. Uma le mikhuba yenziwe ngenhloso, ngokuqeqesha, nangolwazi lwempucuko, ingasiza intsha ukuba ingagcini ngokuphumelela ezifundweni kodwa futhi ithuthukise imithombo engaphakathi edingayo ukuze ichume ezweni eliyinkimbinkimbi.

Izikole ziqala loluhambo, ziqala kancane ziyisihluthulelo: uhlelo lokushayela ekilasini elilodwa, qeqesha othisha abambalwa, futhi ulinganise imiphumela. Njengoba izinzuzo zibonakala, amandla azokheka ngokwemvelo. Ngesikhathi lapho abafundi bedinga ukusekelwa, ingqondo inikeza ithuluzi elilula kodwa elinamandla elibiza inzuzo encane futhi elikhokha ukuphila konke.