Izimiso zemfundo zisekelwe ekuthuthukiseni kwesizwe, zilololonga amakhono nolwazi lwezizukulwane ezizayo. Kodwa izinguquko ezihloswe kahle kakhulu azivamile ukuntengantenga ngenxa yezinhloso ezinephutha kodwa ngenxa yezakhiwo zokubusa eziqondisa ukubulawa kwabo. Indlela igunya elibekelwa ngayo, izinqumo zenziwa ngayo, nemithombo yabelwa amathonya amakhulu ukuthi isimiso sifeza ithonya laso elihloselwe noma sihlala siyincwadi eshalofini. Ukuqonda lamandla abalulekile kubafundisi, abaphathi, nabenzi bemithetho abafuna ukuklama izimiso eziphumelelayo nezingalinganiyo. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela ehlukene yokulawula izifekethi zeze, i-scrective, i-ractived syst, ne-widroctalismssssssssssssssssss show odwebela ezibonelweni zezentengiselwa-o-ose.

Ukuqonda Izakhiwo Zokubusa Emfundweni

Ukubusa kwemfundo kubhekisela ezimisweni, ezindleleni, nasezinhlanganweni lapho kwenziwa khona izinqumo eziphathelene nemfundo futhi zisetshenziswa. Kuhlanganisa yonke into kusukela ezindinganisweni zemfundo nothisha kuya ezindinganisweni zesikole nasezindinganisweni zokuziphendulela. Izindlela ezintathu ezibanzi zokubusa kwemfundo zisekelwe ezisezingeni eliphakathi, zihloniphekile, futhi zixubile. Isibonelo ngasinye siveza izinzuzo ezihlukile nezingozi ezibangelwa indlela izimiso ezishintsha ngayo ekuklanyweni.

Ukubusa Okusemqoka

Ezimisweni ezisenkabeni, igunya lemfundo lisezingeni lezwe noma lesifunda. Imfundo ngokuvamile ihlela izimo zohlelo lwezifundo, inquma izimpawu zothisha, ukuhlelwa kwemali, futhi yengamele. Amazwe anjengeFrance, iJapan, neSingapore asebenza ngaphansi kwale sibonelo, lapho iyunifomu nempumelelo iyigugu khona. Imfundo ingaqinisekisa ukuthi umfundi ngamunye, kungakhathaliseki indawo, uthola imfundo evumelana nezindinganiso zesizwe. Futhi inikeza isibopho sokuziphendulela: abagcini bemali bazi kahle ukuthi yiyiphi into enecala lemiphumela. Nokho, izikole zalaphaya phansi ziqinile. Izikole nezifunda zendawo zinokukhetha ukuvumelana nemithetho ekhethekile yezolimi ezifundeni ezisemngceleni noma ekusebenzeni ngokushesha. I-Bureadiatic ingenza ukuthatha i-tracedssionssionstingssssssssssssss.

Ukubusa Okungalawuleki

Izikhulu zendawo ezilawulwayo zivumela ukumiswa kwezinqumo zesigaba, isifunda, noma ngisho nezindikimba zesikole. I-United States, iCanada (ngokulawula kwesifunda esiqinile), kanye ne-Finland inikeza lendlela, nakuba ingamazinga ahlukene. Iziphathimandla zendawo zilungisa amadegreedi, ziqasha othisha, futhi zinikeze izimali ezisekelwe ezidingweni zomphakathi. Abaxhasi baphikisana ngalendlela yokuthuthukisa ubunikazi, intuthuko, nokusabela. Ngokwesibonelo, izikole ezisemisweni ezihloniphekile zingaba nezimiso zezezindawo zendawo zokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zemisebenzi ezithinta imingcele eqondile yemisebenzi. Kodwa ukuvumelana okufanayo kungaveza izindleko ezimangalisayo ezisemgangathweni zomphakathi. Izifunda zemali ngokuvamile ziphakamisa inzuzo eyengeziwe ngentela yendawo, kuyilapho izindawo ezimpofu zizama ukunikeza imithombo eyisisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncishiswa kwezindawo zendawo, ukuhlanganisa nokuqinisekisa ukuhlanganisa izinhlelo zesizwe ukuba kuqinise ukuhlangana kwezindawo zesizwe.

Ukubusa Okuxubile Noma Okuxubile

Amazwe amaningi amukela uhlobo oluxubile oluzama ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo zobuzwe kanye nokubekwa phambili. Ngokwesibonelo, i-United Kingdom, imisa izindinganiso zemfundo nezimiso zobuzwe zohlelo kanye nezimiso zokuhlola. Izimiso ezihlelwe yi-Oficial in Foundation, noma i-Ofserted) kuyilapho inikeza izikole inkululeko ephawulekayo ngokuhlela izimali nezindlela zokufundisa. I-Australia ihlukanisa imithwalo yemfanelo phakathi kukahulumeni (ukuhlola, ukwahlulela kwesizwe) nezindawo (ukuhlanganisa umfundisi). Izimiso ezikhuphucuthelweyo zifuna ukulondoloza imingcele esemthethweni ngezindinganiso eziyisisekelo kuyilapho yenza kube nokuvumelana kwezindawo zendawo. Nokho, i-Australia ifaka izingozi zobukhombano nomthwalo wokuzibo. Uma kokubili iziphathimandla ezisenkabeni zifuna igunya lokuxhasa imali noma ukuhlanganisa izivumelwano zezindawo eziqinile. Izimiso eziqinile zidinga ukubusa ezingokomthetho nezingalawule.

Indlela Ukusetshenziswa Kwesimiso Sokubusa Okulolonga Ngayo

Ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo yemfundo kulapho kuhlangabezana khona neqiniso. Izakhiwo zokulawula zinquma ijubane, ukwethembeka, nokuvumelana okumiswa khona izinguquko. Ukucwaninga kulokhu kubonisa njalo ukuthi igebe phakathi komklamo wesimiso kanye nokusetshenziswa kwekilasi linciphile lapho ukubusa kuhambelana nezinjongo zesimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, ushintsho lwezifundo olugunyazwe ngokusemthethweni lungamiswa ngokushesha kuzo zonke izikole ezweni, kodwa lungahluleka uma othisha bentula ukusekela kwendawo noma izinto. Ngokuhlukile, uhlelo oluklanywe endaweni lungachuma emphakathini othile futhi lungaphumelela kwenye ngenxa yenzuzo.

Ukwaneliseka Nokulandisa

Ukubusa okuphakathi kungafinyelela impumelelo ngokwenza izinqumo. ESingapore, uMnyango Wemfundo ungaqondisa uhlelo olusha lwezibalo ezikoleni ezimbalwa, uhlaziye imiphumela, bese ulinganisa kulo lonke izwe ngonyaka owodwa wemfundo. Isivinini esinjalo singenzeka ngoba igunya ligcwele futhi imithombo yemali igcwele. Ukulandisa kucacile: izimpendulo zephalamende nezimiso zomphakathi zemiphumela. Nokho, izimiso ezisemkhakheni zingaba amabhodlela ama-bodboski. Inguquko yeyunivesithi eyodwa ingathatha iminyaka eminingi ukuxoxa ngezindlela zokulawula izinhlangano eziningi zezezezezezezeze, abaphathi beyunivesithi, futhi bangakwazi ukubhekana nezinguquko. Izimiso zesikole ezingcono kakhulu zingathola imvume yokulawula inzuzo, abazali, futhi zinciphe izimali ezingcono kakhulu, futhi zinciphe kakhulu izinqubo zesikole zendawo. Isikole eFinland singathola ngokushesha ukuhlelwa kwemvume yokulawula izimali ngenxa yezentengo yokwenyuka kwezemfundo, noma ukukhohlakala kakhulu, uma kungeke kuviswe izinqubo zemfundo ezindaweni zezindawo zendawo zezindawo zendawo, noma eziphambili, futhi kuphawulwe kakhulu.

Ukulingana Nokutholakala

Impumelelo yomfundi emfundweni isho ukuthi impumelelo ayixhomekile ebulilini bakhe, ezweni lakhe, noma emalini yomkhaya. Izindawo zokulawula zithinta kakhulu ukuthi izinqubo zezwe laseFinland zifeze lokhu okufanelekile. Izimiso eziphakathi zingagunyaza ukuhanjiswa kwezindawo ezilinganayo. Izimali zikahulumeni eJapana zonke ezisenkabeni yezimali zomphakathi ezisekelwe enqubeni yezindlela ezisekela izibalo zabafundi kanye nentela yendawo, ukunciphisa imingcele phakathi kwezindawo zasemaphandleni. Ngokufanayo, uhlelo lwezwe lwaseFinland luqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingane zifunda izihloko eziyinhloko ezifanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zihlalaphi. Nokho, ukuhlelwa kwemali ephakathi kwezindawo kungabeka izingozi zemali edingekayo ngaphandle kwezindawo ezikhona, lapho intela ekhona, izinhlangano zezindawo ezikhona nezinkulu kakhulu, nakuba izinhlangano khona, izinhlangano khona izinhlangano kakhulu intela ezikhona emhlabeni nangezinye. Izikhulu zezindawo zezindawo ezingokomhlaba nangezinye ezisezindaweni zomphakathini ezisezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu, nakuba izinhlangano zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo eziphansi kakhulu, zikhona, nakuba zikhona kakhulu, izilinganiso zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo eziphansi kakhulu

Ukuzivuselela Nokuzivumelanisa Nezimo

Izimiso zemfundo kumelwe ziphendukele ukuze zihlangabezane nezimo ezishintshayo zezomnotho nezezenhlalo. Izakhiwo zokulawula zithonya indlela okwenzeka ngayo ngokushesha nangempumelelo. Izindlela zokuguqula imvelo ziyizindawo zokucwaninga: izikole ngasinye noma izifunda zingazama ukufunda ngokuzisebenzela, ukuncintisana, noma ukuhlanganiswa kwemfundo yemfundo yemfundo esekelwe ekhonweni, noma ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi yezemfundo ngaphandle kokulinda imibuso yezwe. Izikole zesifunda eUnited States nezinezikole ezikhululekile eSweden zivumela ukuvuselelwa ngokushesha. Nokho, ukuhlelwa kwempumelelo kwezimiso ezingcono ezisesitejikelezweni ngasinye kunzima ukuzama ukufunda ngendlela ehloniphekile. Izinhlelo ezithembisayo kwesinye isifunda ezingakaze zisakazeke ngenxa yokuthi akukho gunya elikhulu noma ingcebo yokuzisakaza. Izimiso eziphakathi, ngokungafani, zingazenza iziqondiso ezisezweni eziningi. Isikoleni ezikhona ezikhona ezisekela kakhulu zesizwe ukuba zikwazi ukusekela kakhulu, uma zikhona izindlela ezikhona ezisebuningi zemfundo zesizwe.

Ukuhlola Izifo: Ukuhlaziya Okuqhathanisayo

ISingapore: Ukuneliswa Okusemzimbeni Ngokusekela Kwendawo

Isimiso semfundo saseSingapore sivame ukuvezwa njengesibonelo sempumelelo ephakathi. UMnyango wemfundo uhlela izifundo, ukuqeqesha kothisha, ukumiswa kwesikole, nokuhlola kwesizwe. Leligunya eliyinhloko liye lasiza ukuhlelwa kwenguquko ngokushesha ezindaweni ezinjengemfundo efundeka ngazimbili ne-STEM. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho uhulumeni ethola isidingo sesidingo semfundo ephambili, uhlela uhlelo lwezifundo lwezwe, ukuhlelwa kothisha, nokuhlonyiswa kwezikole ngezindlela zokuqondisa isikole, kanye nezihlongozo ezihlonyisiwe ezinezinkonzo zokuhlola izakhiwo zezemfundo, kodwa futhi kuhlanganisa iziteshi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa futhi kuneziteshi ezithiyo ezikhona izikole: izikole zivunyelwe ukuvumelana nezindlela zohlelo lwezifundo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, futhi azivunyelwe ngokuhlola okuphakeme, futhi zingenza uthisha omkhulu amaqembu athuthukisiwe.

IFinland: Ukuthembela Kwesizwe Esashisiwe

Ikhophi yokubusa yaseFinland ivame ukuchazwa ngokuthi “izifundo ezifunde kakhulu, ezisetshenziswa ngokufanele.” I-National Agency for Education ihlela izinjongo ezibanzi nezimfuneko zemfundo, kodwa omasipala nezikole banquma indlela yokufundisa, yokukhetha izinto, nokunika isikhathi. Othisha, abafunde kakhulu nabathembekile, bajabulela ukuzimela emakilasini abo. Lesi sakhiwo siye sakhuthaza ukusungula: iFinland yaba umsunguli wemfundo yemfundo ephakeme, lapho abafundi befunda ngezihloko eziphambanayo ezisekelwe ezingeni eliphezulu. Imfundo ephakathini zesikole i-spremigration ivumela izikole ukuba zisebenzelane namayunivesithi nebhizinisi endawo. Nokho, iFinland igcina izimele ngokuxhasa ukulingana kwezimali zezwe, futhi isimiso sezenhlalakahle esinciphisa ubumpofu. Umphumela umphumela ukwenzeka ngokuqhubekayo phakathi kwezifundo ezikoleni eziphakathi kweziko. I-OCD impumelelo yempumelelo yesizwe se-Finbon. I-emagency incikene ye-ence incitoconday engcono kakhulu ngenxa yomphakathi yomphakathi, incikeleleka kakhulu ngenxa yesihle kakhulu

IUnited States: Ukuncipha Nokuhlukana

I-United States iveza izingozi zokuthotshiswa ngokweqile. Imfundo ngokuyinhloko iwumthwalo wemfanelo wezwe nezwe, uhulumeni kahulumeni ngokomlando ufeza indima elinganiselwe (nakuba lokhu kwanda ngemithetho enjenge-No Child Lend Behind ne-All Scheevects Act). Kunezindawo zesikole ezingaphezu kwezingu 13 000, ngasinye esineziteshi, izimali, nezimiso. Lokhu kuqhekeka kuholele ekuhlelekeni okukhulu: amasifunda acebile asemadolobheni achitha imali engaphezu kuka-20 000 ngonyaka, kuyilapho amanye amaphandle namagodi asebenzisa izinhlelo eziqinile ezisebenza ngokunamandla ngaphezu kuka-R3 000. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithetho kuyahlukahluka. Iziqondiso zezemfundo yendawo, ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlelwa kwemithetho, nokusetshenziswa ngokungafanele, kanye nokuvunyelwa kwezindawo ezithile, nokuncintiswa kwezindawo ezisemgangathweni ezisemgangathweni. Ukunganye kwezinhlelo ezisezingeni eliphezulu kwenza ukuba kusebenze kahle kakhulu.

Ukutuswa Kwabenzi Bomthetho

Akukho hlelo lokulawula olulodwa olunenzuzo ephelele. Ukukhetha kuxhomeke emlandweni wezwe, ezimisweni zempucuko, amandla, nemigomo. Nokho, izimiso ezithile zingaqondisa umklamo ophumelelayo. Okokuqala, indima ecacile ibalulekile. Noma kusesimisweni esiphakathi noma esihloniphekile, abagcini-mathikithi kumelwe bazi ukuthi ubani onecala lalokho. Okwesibili, izinhlelo ezihambelanayo zokuxhasa imali kufanele zakhiwe ekwakhekeni kwezimiso ezilawulayo. Uma i-ascifensi ye-athonsity ikwazi ukukhokha inzuzo enqunyweni elawulayo. I-oralgatentimentings i-msssss, i-sethroctivementation directivesssssssting. Izimiso zokusekela i-octivestings, i-octiveravicerogen, i-octivemental proception, i-mosesssss. proset, kumelwe ukuba zishintshe kakhulu, futhi zishintshelwe ngokufanelekile; kushintsheka.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlelwa kwesimiso semfundo akuyona nje imininingwane yokuqondisa, kodwa kuyindlela enamandla yokunqanda ukuthi izinguquko ziyaphumelela noma aziphumelela. Izimiso eziphakathi zinikeza ijubane, ukuvumelana, nokuziphendulela okucacile kodwa zifaka engozini yokungaguquguquki nokungaboni hlangothi ezidingweni zendawo. Izimiso zemfundo zikhuthaza ukuvumelana, ukusungula, nokuhlangana komphakathi kodwa zingaveza izinselele zokuhlukanisa nokubambisana. Imishini elungisayo izama ukuvala lemizwa kodwa idinga ukuhleleka ngokucophelela. Njengoba indawo yembulunga yonke ishintsha ngoshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe, ukufuduka, nokungaguquguquki kwesimo sezulu — izimiso zemfundo zombili kumelwe zikwazi ukugcina izindinganiso nezindlela ezifanele ukukwazi ukubhekana nazo. Abenzi bezimiso zokusebenza kumelwe balawule njengethuluzi eliqinile kodwa elinamandla, okumelwe lilungiswe ngokulinganayo. Ubufakazi obucacile bukhona-kunye obucacile, kodwa kusobala.

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, bheka umbiko we-OECD we-Plactical Policy Outlook, ukuhlaziya kweBhange leZwe ukwenziwa kwe-detraliation kanye nemfundo [, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuqhathaniswa [[FLT:] u-actinence kanye no-equcty ku-Journal of Education Polic.