Isisekelo Sokuhlanganyela Kwentando Yeningi

UKUHLANGANISA i-COBIC kungukuphila kwanoma yisiphi isigaba sombuso wentando yeningi esisebenzayo. Kusukela ekufakeni i-collet kukhetho lwesizwe kuya ekungeneni ehholo ledolobha lendawo, izindlela izakhamuzi ezihlanganyela ngazo nesimiso sazo sezombangazwe zibumba umthetho osemthethweni nosabela kukahulumeni wazo. Nokho ukuhlanganyela akuhlangene phakathi kwe-democracy. Okunye kokuzivimbela okukhulu kodwa okuye kwahoxiswa kakhulu kokuthi kungani abantu bevota kuyisimiso sokhetho ngokwaso. Imithetho eguqula lokho okuthandwayo kube yisinqumo esibumbeneyo ithumela izimpawu ezinamandla zokuthi, ukuthi kungani, futhi kungani isikhulumi sakhona sidinga ukuzwa phakathi kwezimiso zokuvota, ukuthatha izivumelwano, abenzi bemithetho, izakhamuzi ezifuna ukwakha izinhlelo ezihlangene nezokubusa.

Lokho Izimiso Zokukhangisa Eziyikho Nesizathu Sokuba Zibaluleke

Phakathi nendawo, isimiso sokuvota siyimithetho enquma indlela amavota afakwa ngayo, abalwa ngayo, futhi ashintshwa ngayo abe yizihlalo noma imiphumela. Lezi zimiso ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, futhi ngasinye siphethe izisusa ezihlukene kubavoti, abavoti, abavoti, namaqembu ezombangazwe. Ukukhethwa kwesimiso akuthinti nje kuphela ukuthi abawinayo kodwa nokuthi abavoti baqaphela kanjani amandla abo, ukuthi baphendukela ekuvoteleni, nokuthi bazizwa bewamele kangakanani. Ukucwaninga kuye kwabonisa ngokungaguquki ukuthi imithetho evotayo i-vota, ukuhlukana kweqembu, ngisho nephimbo lenkulumo yezombangazwe.

Izigaba eziyisihluthulelo zezimiso zokuvota zihlanganisa:

  • Ukwehlukanisa/Ukwakheka kwezimiso (kuhlanganise noMfako wokuqala-iposi nezimiso zeRound ezimbili)
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ipropatication projectal systems
  • Ukukhetha okukhethiwe (kwaziwa futhi ngokuthi u-Puright Runoff Voting)
  • Izimiso ezixhunyiwe (ukuhlanganisa ubuningi kanye nezici eziphakathi)
  • [[UMTHLO] Umshini owodwa odluliswayo

Ngalunye lwalezi zici luveza ukuhlanganyela komphakathi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kusukela enanini labavoti ababonakala besondela ekujuleni kokwenza ukhetho.

Isiqalo-Past-the Post (FPTP)

I-Past-past inqubo yokhetho elula nedala kakhulu esasetshenziswa kakhulu. Ku-FPTP, ovota kakhulu esifundeni esisodwa uwina isihlalo. Akukho mfuneko yokufinyelela iningi; ubuningi banele. Lesimiso sisetshenziswa kukhetho lwesizwe eUnited States, eUnited Kingdom, eCanada, naseNdiya, phakathi kwezinye.

Indlela I - FPTP Ethonya Ngayo Ukuziphatha Kwezindwangu Ezintekenteke

I-FPTP ivame ukuveza izimiso ezimbili ezihlukene ngenxa yoMthetho kaDuverger, ochaza indlela imithetho ehlanganisa ubuningi enqanda ngayo abavoti ekusekeleni abavoti abathatha isigaba sesithathu njengabangalitholi ithuba lokuwina. Lokhu kudala inkinga yokuvota esebenzayo: izakhamuzi zingashiya umvoti wazo othandekayo ukuze zivote ukukhetha okungcono, into eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuvota ngamaqhinga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungaqeda inani elicatshangelwayo levota futhi kunciphise isithembiso esiphelele.

[[UMTL:0] I-VotTurnmout nokunganaki[[QUL:1]

Indikimba enkulu yokucwaninga ibonisa ukuthi izimiso ze-FPTP zihlotshaniswa novoti abaphansi abancintiswayo abaphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezimiso ezilinganiswayo. E-United States, lapho i-FPTP isetshenziselwa khona ukhetho olungokomthetho, umvoti ujikelezi uthathele emuva ngokomlando kulezo zemibuso eminingi yaseYurophu. Amavoter ahlala ezihlalweni eziphephile lapho iqembu elilodwa libusa khona unyaka ngamunye lithambekele kakhulu ekususeni isigaba esiqinile, njengoba umphumela unomuzwa unomuzwa unomuzwa wokuthi unqunyiwe. Ukuhlolwa kwe-UK neCanada kubonisa izindlela ezifanayo: ukuvota kungaba amaphuzu aphansi [[FLT:]10] ukuze ashicilelwe amaphuzu angaphansi ezihlalweni eziphephile uma kuqhathaniswa nabancintiweyo.

Imiphumela yamagebe [

I-FPTP ingaveza ukungavumelani okukhulu phakathi kwengxenye yamavoti atholwayo kanye nokuhlanganyela kwezihlalo ezizisebenzelayo. Izigaba ezincane nabavoti abazimeleyo bahlupheka ngokulandelana, futhi abasekeli balawomaqembu bangase bazizwe bephucukile. Lokhu kungabikho kokumelelwa kungakhuthazi ukuvota nje kuphela kodwa futhi nezindlela eziningi zokuhlanganyela komphakathi njengokunikela, ukunikela, noma ukuhlanganyela ezingqungqutheleni. Kubantu abambalwa abavela ezweni, ezinhlanga, nasemiphakathini yemibono esakazekile, i-FTPP kungavala amazwi angasiza ngandlelanye ukuba kube nenkulumo ephambili yentando yentando yeningi.

[[UMTH:0] Izimpawu nemininingwane[[[UMTL:1]

Kukhetho lwango 2019 lwaseCanada olungolunye lwe-Liberal Party yawina u- 33.1% wezihlalo ezithandwayo kodwa yathola 47,4% zezihlalo, kuyilapho i-Green Party yawina 6.5% yevoti kodwa ingamaphesenti angu-0.3% kuphela ezihlalweni. Ukwehlukana okunjalo kuqinisa umbono wokuthi isimiso asilungile, kufaka isandla ekuncipheni ukwethembana nokuhlanganyela okuphansi phakathi kwabasekeli beqembu elingaphansi kwesigaba. [FLT: 0]] kuveza ukuthi i-Canada i-Dioffaywor, ngokuvamile ekhethayo phakathi kwabancane, abasekelayo, ihlala iphansi kunabantu abadala.

Umfuziselo ongokwengxenye (PR)

Izimiso ze-Propotional directionation zijonge ukuhlela izihlalo ngokwengxenye yamavoti atholwa yiqembu ngalinye. I-PR isetshenziswa ngokwendlela ethile yi-democratical eningi yaseYurophu, kuhlanganise ne-Jalimane, i-Sweden, i-Norway, iNetherlands, ne-New Zealand. Kunezindlela eziningi ezingafani, kuhlanganise noluhlu lwe-PR lweqembu, lapho abavoti bekhetha khona idili nezihlalo ezibekwayo, kanye ne-Losbet Vote edluliswayo, esizoxoxa ngayo ngokwahlukana.

Ithonya Lokushintshwa Kwezinqola Nokuhlanganyela

Izimiso zePR zihlangene ngokungaguquki nomvoti ophezulu. Ukuhlolwa kwesizwe kuthole ukuthi ushintsho emazweni ePR luvamile kuya ku-10 ngamaphesenti aphakeme[ kunasebuningini bezimiso, ngisho nangemva kokulawula izinto ezinjengokuvota okuphoqelelwe, inzuzo, namazinga emfundo. Inqubo icacile: uma abavoti bekholelwa ukuthi ivoti yabo iyakunikela ngempela ekukhetheni ummeleli ohlanganyela imibono yabo, bashukumiseleka kakhulu ukuba bahlanganyele.

Uphawu lokumelela [

Izimiso zePR zivumela ukumelelwa kwemibono eminingi yezombangazwe, ehlanganisa amaqembu amancane, amaqembu aluhlaza, nezinhlangano ezintsha. Lokhu kukhuthaza amaqembu angathathwa indiva ukuba ahlanganyele enqubweni yokukhetha. Abavoter babona abazobhapathizwa namaqembu abonisa izimpawu zabo nezinto eziza kuqala, akhuthaza umuzwa wokuba yilungu nempumelelo yezombangazwe.

[[Abesifazane:0] Abesifazane nokumelela okuncane[[QUL:1]

Izimiso ze-PR zithambekele futhi ekukhetheni abesifazane abengeziwe namalungu amaqembu angaphansi. Imininingwane evela kwi-Inter-Parliamentation Union ibonisa ukuthi amazwe asebenzisa i-PR anamaphesenti abesifazane aphakeme kakhulu ephalamende. Lokhu kuhlukahluka okubonakalayo kukhuthaza abantu abaningi ukuba bahileleke kwezombangazwe, njengoba bezibona beboniswa ekukhiqizeni izindikimba zesinqumo.

[[Umthetho:0] Amakhabethe nezinselele[[Umthetho:1]

I-PR ayinazo iziphazamiso zayo. Ingaholela eziqenjini zomthetho ezihlukene ezinamaqembu amancane amaningi, okwenza ukwakha i-vhoti yombuso ehlangene kube nzima futhi ngezinye izikhathi kukhiqize ohulumeni abangaguquguquki. Kwezinye izimo, abavoti bangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi ivoti yabo ixutshiwe phakathi kwezinhlu ezinkulu zeqembu, ikakhulukazi uma uhlu lwezikhundla lulawulwa yiqembu labaphezulu. Nokho, ukuhluka okuvulekile, lapho abavoti bangabonisa khona izintando ezithandwa abantu ngabanye abazocela eqenjini, kunganciphisa lokhu kukhathalela futhi kuqinisekisiwe.

[[[Umthetho:0] Izibonelo zezwe lonke[[[QL:1]

ISweden ihlanganisa umvoti omkhulu (ngokuvamile ongaphezu kuka-85%) nesimiso se-PR esihlanganisa uhlu oluvulekile, inikeza abavoti ukukhetha okubalulekile kokubili phakathi kweqembu naphakathi. Ukushintshwa kwe-New Zealand ukusuka ku-FTPP kuya ku-Mixted-Member Proportonal ngo-1996 kwaveza ukwanda okungaguquguqukiyo ekuvulekeni nasekunyukeni okuphawulekayo ekufanekisweni kwabesifazane nama-Maori. i-International IDEA's Revotader trapment produm[[]] iqinisekisa igede engapheliyo phakathi kwePR nezimiso zobuningi zamazwe angamashumi amaningi.

Ukukhetha Okuqinile Okungasetshenziswa (RCV)

I-Ranked Choice Voting, eyaziwa futhi ngokuthi i-Purnet- Runoff Voting, ivumela abavoti ukuba bahlele abazothatha izikhundla ngokuthanda. Uma kungekho mvoti othola amavoti amaningi okuqala, umvoti onamavoti ambalwa kakhulu uqediwe, futhi amavoti abo adluliselwa ngokulandela ukukhetha okulandelayo kulawo-bhola. Lenqubo iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho omunye umvoti efinyelela iningi. RCV isetshenziswa kukhetho lwesizwe e-Australia (ngendlu yabameleli), e-Ireland (ngeyoMnyango ka-Preciocester), nasezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ze-U.S. nasemadolobheni nasezindaweni ezihlukene kuhlanganise ne-Maine, i-Alaska, ne-Francis.

Ukunciphisa Imishini Ehlelekile Nemisebenzi Yokuchitha Izinto

Inzuzo enkulu kakhulu ye-RCV yokuhlanganyela komphakathi ukuthi iqeda isidingo sokuvota ngeqhinga. Abavoli bangahlela ngobuqotho umuntu abathandayo kuqala, bazi ukuthi uma lowo mbhalisa engakwazi ukuwina, ivoti yabo iyoshintshela ekukhetheni kwabo okulandelayo kunokuba ilahlwe. Lokhu kunciphisa isithiyo esingokwengqondo sokusekela isigaba sesithathu noma abavoti abazimele futhi kukhuthaza ukukhetha okuhlukene kakhulu nokuthembiswe.

[[UMKWENZI:0] Umkhankaso wokuzimisela nokwaneliseka kwevoter[[UMKQUMO 1]

Ngenxa yokuthi abazofuna ukudlulisa amavoti e-RCV asuka kubasekeli babo okwesibili nowesithathu, i-RCV ithambekele ekuvuzeni umkhankaso oqondile futhi ijezise ukuhlasela okungekuhle. Abavolo bavame ukubika ukuthi bazizwa banelisekile kakhulu ngephimbo nangemikhankaso ngaphansi kwe-RCV. e-Alaska, ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwezwe lonke lwe-RCV ekukhetheni okuvamile ngo-2020 kwalandelwa ukuhlola okubonisa ukuthi ngaphezu kwa 70% yabavoti kwathola isimiso kulula ukusebenzisa nokusikhetha ebuningini obuvamile.

[[I-FLT:0] Ukuthatha ngalé kosuku lokhetho

I-RCV ingakhuthaza futhi ukuthembisana ngokujule kakhulu ngezindaba kanye nabavoti. Ngenxa yokuthi bacelwa ukuba bafune abantu abaningi abazobhapathizwa, bahlonishwe ukuba bafunde okwengeziwe kuneziqu eziphambili nje. Lokhu kwaziswa okubanzi okufuna ulwazi kungaguqula izinga eliphakeme lolwazi lwezombangazwe nokuvota. Emiphakathini eye yamukela i-RCV, ukuhlola kuye kwathola ukwanda okulinganiselwe kodwa okunenjongo ekuvoteni, ikakhulukazi okhethweni abayinhloko lapho ukuthatha iqhaza kusezantsi ngokwesiko.

[ Icebo elivela e-United States

IMaine yaba yisifundazwe sokuqala sokusebenzisa i-RCV kukhetho lukahulumeni ngo-2018. Ukuhlolwa kokwaziswa okuchaziwe kubonisa ukuthi i-RCV ayizange yandise kakhulu ukuvela kwayo yonke indawo, kodwa yashintsha ukwenziwa kwe-volute, futhi abavoti abaningi bahlanganyela emijahweni yokuncintisana lapho abafuna ukubhapathizwa abaningi bagijima khona. Kuwo wonke amadolobha anjengeMinneapolis neSaint Paul, i-RCV ibilokhu ihlotshalwa nokuvuleka okukhulu emijahweni kamasipala, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabancane nabavoti abahlukene kakhulu. I-Fairte's ukucwaninga kwabafuna ukuncintisana nabafuna izibalo lemicimbiso] lemicimbiso ezindaweni zendawo ezindaweni ezingaphandle kweminyango.

Izinselele Ze - RCV

I-RCV ingaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kubavoti ukuba baqonde futhi baqondise abaqondisi bokhetho ukuba basebenzise. Izinga lempatho lebhola ngezinye izikhathi liyanda ekutholeni izingane zokutholwa zisencane, nakuba lokhu kuvame ukuncipha njengolwazi lwabavoti ngesimiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-RCV isebenza kangcono kakhulu ezifundeni ezinezingxenye eyodwa; ezifundeni eziningi, i-Onte ethathekayo isigaba esisodwa ingenye engcono kakhulu.

Izimiso Zokuxutshwa Kwemisebe

Izimiso ezixubile zizama ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo zobuningi kanye nokumelelana. Okuvelele kakhulu yiMixted-Member Proportonal (MMP), esetshenziswa eJalimane, eNew Zealand, eBolivia, nase Scotland. E-MMP, abavoti bafaka amabhola amabili: enye yale-muntry (ngokuvamile enqunywa ngobuningi) kanye nenye yohlu lweqembu. Ama-setts abekwa ngokwesilinganiso esisekelwe kwivoti, kanye nezihlalo zendawo ezisebenza njengesisekelo esibekiwe ukuze kufinyelelwe ekutholeni isilinganiso.

Izindlela Zokuhlanganyela Ebunyeni

I-MMP inikeza abavoti izindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokuveza lokho abakuthandayo, okungandisa ukuthembisana. Izakhamuzi ezazisa ukumelelwa kwendawo zingakhetha umuntu ozomcela ngokusekelwe ekufuneni imvume, kuyilapho labo abakhathalela kakhulu izindaba zezwe bangavotela iqembu. Lendlela ehlukene inciphisa amathuba okuthi abavoti bazizwe bephoqelekile ukuba bakhethe phakathi komvoteli abamthandayo nomcimbi abasekelayo.

[[Umthetho:0] Imiphumela ejiyile[[[Umthetho:1]

Amazwe asebenzisa i-MMP athambekele ekubeni namazinga okuzimela phakathi kwe-FPTP emsulwa nezimiso ze-PR. IJalimane, enolwazi lwayo olude nge-MMP, iye yabonakala ihamba ngokuqhubekayo ingaphezu kwa 70% okhethweni lukahulumeni, ephakeme kunase-United States noma e-United Kingdom. Ukwamukelwa kwe-MMP ngo-1996 kwaseNew Zealand kwaveza ukwanda okusheshayo kwamaphuzu amahlanu, nakuba lomphumela uye walinganisela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

[[UMTL:0] Ukudluliswa nokuhlanganyela[[UMTL:1]

I-MMP ikhiqiza imiphumela elingana kakhulu ngesikhathi ilondoloza ukuxhumana kwendawo phakathi kwabavoti nommeleli wabo bendawo. Lokhu kulinganisela kubonakala kusekela ukwaneliseka nokwethenjwa. EJalimane, lapho umnyango wokuthola izihlalo zeqembu ungo 5% kuphela, ngisho nabambalwa bangathola izimpawu, bakhuthaze abasekeli bezindawo zokuvota ukuba bahlanganyele ekwazini ukuthi amavoti abo azolinganiswa. Ukugawulwa kanye nezihlalo ezibekwayo kunezela ukwaneliseka okuqhubekayo kodwa ngokuvamile kuqinisa inhloso yesimiso.

Izimiso zeRound ezimbili

Izindlela ezimbili ze-Rounds (TRS), ezisetshenziswa eFrance, eBrazil, kanye nokhetho oluningi lukamongameli emhlabeni wonke, zidinga ukuba kufikelwe inani eliphelele ukuze liphumelele emzuzwaneni wokuqala. Uma kungekho mtapo ophambili, ezimbili (noma ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu) ezifuna ukuqhubekela phambili emjikelezweni wesibili. i-TRS iyisimiso esikhulu kunokuba sibe sesilinganisweni, kodwa isimo saso sesiteji esinezingxenye ezimbili sidala izisusa eziyingqayizivele zokuhlanganyela komphakathi.

Ukuhlanganyela Emjikelezweni Wokuqala

Ohlwini lokuqala, abavoti bangasekela ngokukhululekile abafuna ukuvota, kuhlanganise nabafuna ukuvotelwa abancane noma ababhikishi, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukona ukhetho. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukubonakaliswa kokukhetha okuqotho futhi kungakhuphuka ekuthatheni imvume ekuqaleni. EFrance, ukuvotelwa kokuqala kokhetho lukamongameli kuye kwaba ngaphezu kuka-80% ngokomlando, nakuba kuye kwawohloka emijikelezweni yamuva.

Ingxenye onqenqemeni lwesibili

Inhlendla yesibili inikeza ukukhetha okucacile okungahlanganisa abavoti noma ukubasusa, kuye ngokuthi umvoti wabo othandekayo wenza i-coffance. Uma abavoti bebona umjoki wabo esuswa, ngezinye izikhathi kuyancipha emjikelezweni wesibili, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabasekeli abasusiwe abacela ukumukwa kwesobunxele noma abashaye kwesokudla abanomuzwa wokuthi abanakho ukukhetha okwamukelekayo okusele. Lokhu kungacindezela ukuthatha isinyathelo sonke esimisweni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

I - Vote eyodwa (STV) Edluliswayo

IVote Edluliselwayo eyodwa yisimiso esisetshenziswa ezifundeni eziningi. Abavoters bahlela izigaba ngokuthanda, futhi isilinganiso sibekwe ngokwenani lezihlalo namavoti aphonswayo. Abafinyelela isilinganiso somthwalo bakhethwa, futhi amavoti asele adluliselwa kwababesele. I-STV isetshenziselwa e-Ireland ukukhetha i-parameter, eMalta, nasekhetho lwendawo oluhlukahlukene lwesifunda emhlabeni wonke.

Ukulawula Imishini Nokuhlanganyela Imisebenzi

STV inikeza abavoti izinga eliphakeme ngokungavamile lokulawula ukuthi yiziphi izivoti ezikhethwayo, kunokuba bakhethe phakathi kwamaphathi. Abavoli bangamisa abazobhapathizwa emaqenjini ahlukene noma emcimbini ofanayo, bavuza ukuthandwa komuntu siqu nemfanelo yokufuna ukuvota eqenjini. Lokhu kukhetha okujabulisayo kwenza abavoti bakhethe ukufunda ngabantu ngabanye abazobhapathizwa, bakhuthaze ukugana okujulile ngezindaba zendawo kanye namapulatifomu okuzothatha iziqu.

[[UMTH:0] Ukuphenduka nokwaneliseka[[Ukwehla]

Ukuhlolwa kwe-STV e-Ireland kubonisa ukuthi umvoti uphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe aseYurophu, nakuba iye yancipha emashumini eminyaka amuva. Ukwaneliseka kwalesi simiso ngokuvamile kunamandla, futhi i-STV iveza imiphumela elinganayo ngamazinga aphakeme ommeleli. Ubunkimbinkimbi babantu abathatha ivoti abaningi bungaba yisithiyo kwabanye abavoti, kodwa imfundo nentuthuko yokuklama inciphise lokhu ezikhundleni eziningi.

Ezinye Izici Ezibangela Ukuba Ingxenye Iphele

Nakuba isimiso sokuvota siyisici esinamandla, sisebenza ngaphakathi kwesimiso semvelo esibanzi esithonya indlela nezakhamuzi ezihlanganyela ngayo ekubuseni kwazo ngentando yeningi.

Ukutholakala Nokubhaliswa Kwezincwadi Ngezinga Elifanele

Ukushelela kwezakhamuzi ezingabhalisa futhi ziphonse i-collet kugxeka kakhulu. Emazweni anokubhalisa okuzenzakalela, ukubhalisa kosuku olulodwa, noma ukuvota okuvumelanayo, ukuvota, ukuvota kuvame ukuphakama kungakhathaliseki isimiso sokhetho. Ngokuphambene, izimfuneko eziyinkimbinkimbi zokubhalisa, amahora okuncishisiwe, nemigqa emide ivimbela ukuthatha iqhaza phakathi kwabasha, abathatha imali ephansi, nabavoti abambalwa. Izinguquko ezithi zikwehlisa lemingcele zingathuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuthembisana ngisho nangaphakathi kwesimiso sokhetho esinephutha.

Ukuthembela Ezinhlanganweni

Izakhamuzi ezithemba isimiso sazo sokhetho zisengozini enkulu yokuvota. Imibono yokulunga, ukubonakala, nokuphepha okuzungezile ithinta ngokuqondile ukuvota. Uma izimiso zokuvota ziveza imiphumela engalinganiyo noma lapho ilulaza ukuncintisana, ukuthembana kuyancipha. Izimiso ezihlangene zithambekele ekufinyeleleni phezulu ezindinganisweni zezezombangazwe, nakuba ubuhlobo buyinkimbinkimbi futhi bungamelelwa nezinye izici eziningi ezihlanganisa isilinganiso somncintiswano nemiphumela yokulawula.

Imfundo Nolwazi Lwezombangazwe

Imfundo ingenye yezibikezelo ezinamandla kakhulu zomvoti ngamunye. Nokho, isimiso sokuvota singakhulisa noma sinciphise umphumela wemfundo. Ezimisweni ze-FPTP, isidingo sokufaka ezindaweni zokuvota umthwalo ophezulu wokuhlakanipha kwabavoti, okungase kwandise igebe lokuthatha iqhaza phakathi kwezakhamuzi eziningi nezingafundile kakhulu. Kuyi-PR ne-RCV, lapho ukuvota kulula khona futhi kuveza incazelo, igebe lemfundo livame ukuncishwa.

Isiko Elihlangene Nezinkolo Zomphakathi

Izici zezenhlalo nezempucuko zihlanganisa noma ukuvota kubhekwa njengomsebenzi womphakathi noma njengokukhetha okuzimele. Amazwe anezimiso eziqinile zokuthembisana komphakathi, njenge-Sweden ne-Denmark, athathe i-joice kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iziphi izimboni ezithile ezikhethiwe. Nokho, isimiso sokuvota singaqinisa noma silulaze le mithetho. Isimiso esenza abavoti bazizwe behlanganyela ekusekeleni inqubo yokuthembisana, kuyilapho isimiso esiveza imiphumela eqinisekile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imuphi umbiko singaqeda umuzwa wesibopho somphakathi phakathi kwezizukulwane.

Isiphetho

Akukho hlelo lokuvota oluyinhlamvu yomlingo wokuhlanganyela emphakathini. Uhlaka ngalunye luthwala ukudayisa phakathi kokumelelwa, ukuhleleka, ukulula, nokuhlanganisa. FPTP inikeza ukulandisa okulula nokucacile kodwa ngokuvamile ibangela ukucindezeleka nokucupha amazwi amancane. Izimiso zokhetho zikhuthaza ukuthatha ingxenye enkulu kanye nokumelela okungafani kodwa zingahlukanisa izishaya umthetho nokubusa okunzima. I-Rankind Lincored Voting iqeda ukuvota okusemthethweni futhi ikhuthaza ukusungula imfundo engcono kanye nesikhundla sokuphatha. Izimiso ze-Xuppedia zizama ukuthatha amagama amahle kakhulu kodwa zingaletha ubunkimbinkimbinkimbi nezinga ezihlalo ezingalindelekile.

Okusobala ukuthi ukukhetha kwesimiso sokuvota kunikeza uphawu olunamandla lokuthi iziphi izinto eziphathelene nentando yeningi nendlela okufanele zisebenze ngayo. Abashisekeli benguquko abafuna ukwandisa ukuhlanganyela komphakathi akumelwe bacabangele imiphumela eqondile yemithetho yokukhetha kuphela kodwa futhi nemiphumela ejulile engokwengqondo nengokwesiko. Izakhamuzi ezinomuzwa wokubaluleka kwazo, ezizibona zimelelwa, futhi ezithemba ubuqotho benqubo cishe ziyohlanganyela hhayi kuphela ngosuku lokukhetha kodwa emsebenzini omkhulu wentando yeningi. Njengoba idemocracy emhlabeni wonke ibhekene nokuphelelwa kwethemba, ukuwohloka kwezindawo, nokuthatha isinyathelo esiqhubekayo, ukunaka okunengqondo emklanyweni wezimiso zokuvota, zinikeza enye yezindlela ezithembisa kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuhlangana komphakathi.