Ukuqulwa kwezindaba ze-Congress kuyikhosha lenqubo yomthetho wase-United States, inikeza indlela engokomthetho abamisi-mthetho abaqoqa ngayo ukwaziswa, ubufakazi, nenkambiso yenkulumo. Endaweni yokuxhasa imfundo, lokhu kulalela kusebenza njengebhuloho eligxekayo phakathi kwezihlongozo zemali zegatsha elikhulu kanye nezinqumo zokugcina okunqumayo ukuthi ama - dollar age ageleza kanjani ahulumeni ezikoleni, amakholiji, amakholiji, kanye nosizo lwabafundi. Ukusuka ekubeni nje izivumelwano zemfundo, ukuzwa kubumba izakhiwo zezigidi zemali ezisetshenziswayo ezifundweni zemfundo, ukuthonya izinto eziza kuqala zezinhlangano zikahulumeni, nokunikeza izwi labaqondisi abafundisayo abasemayunivesithi abaya eyunivesithi. Ukuqonda indlela lezi zinhlelo zokulalela nokuguqula izinqubo zokunikeza ubufakazi zingenelo ezifuna ukuzuza inzuzo yezemfundo eMelika.

Isimiso Sezindlebe Se - corcessional

Izindaba ze-Congress ziqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko amakomiti namakomiti angaphansi kokubili eNdlu yabameleli neSigele. Amaqoqo amabili anethonya kakhulu ekuxhaseni imfundo yi-Indlu Committee on Education ne-Workce ne-Committee yeSigele eHealth, Education, i-Orser, and Penssions (HELP). Kulamakomiti, uhlelo lokuhlela nokuzwa kugcinwa kubanjwa ukuze kubukezwe isicelo sikaMongameli semali saminyaka yonke soMnyango wezemfundo, kuyilapho ukuphatha kuhlola ukumiswa nokuphumelela kwezinhlelo ezikhona.

Izindlebe zilandela indlela ehlelwe kahle. Isihlalo siqala ngamazwi achaza injongo, alandelwa ufakazi ofakazi abangase bahlanganise unobhala wemfundo, izikhulu zezinhlangano, okhomishane bezemfundo, abacwaningi, abasekeli, abafundi, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile noma abazali. Ufakazi ngamunye unikeza amazwi alungisiwe, ngemva kwalokho amalungu ekomiti abuza imibuzo. Lokhu kunikeza futhi kuthathe amazwi avumela abenzi bomthetho ukuba bahlole ubuthakathaka ekulungiseni izimali, baqokomisa imiphumela engaqondakali yemikhakha yemali, futhi bakhiphe izibophono ezivela kubaholi bezinhlangano zezinhlangano. Umlando obhaliwe [1] zihlanganisa zonke ubufakazi futhi udlulise ubufakazi obuse ingxenye yekomiti engokomthetho, kamuva ememezela izinkulumo ezisesitezinsi kanye nombhalo wokugcina wezikwenziso.

Izinhlobo Zezindlebe Nemisebenzi Yazo Yokuzwa

Akuzona zonke izimemezelo ezilinganiswe. Ukulalela kwezemali, okuvame ukuthathwa ekuqaleni konyaka wekhalenda, kugxile ezicelweni zezezimali ze-arhente. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-March 2023, i-House Approppies Committee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, ne-Active Protutistions zalalela lapho unobhala wezemfundo uMiguel Cardona wavikela khona izimali ezicatshangelwe i-ascrential zezes yezenterry Department. Phakathi nalezi zikhathi, amalungu avame ukuphikisa ngemigomo yokwehla kwenanisela, imicimbi, nokudinga izitebhiyo, ukuthonya ngokuqondile ukuthi izinto zomgxame, ukusikwa, noma kwesobunxele.

Ngokuphambene, bheka emuva ukuze uhlole ukuthi izimali zakudala zasetshenziswa kanjani. I-Hulumeni Accounting Office (GAO) ivame ukukhipha imibiko ekhuluma ngokuzwa okunjalo. Ukwengamela okungu 2022 eSihlokweni I, uhlelo lwezwe olusekela abafundi abasweleyo, lwembula ukuthi izinkulungwane zezigidi zamarandi ziye zaphelelwa noma zadukiswa ngenxa yokungalawuleki kwemali, inxusa ukuba kuthathwe izinyathelo eziqinile zokulandisa. Ngokufanayo, ukuzwa kwesimiso sikaPell Grant kuye kwaqokomisa igebe elandayo phakathi kwemali ehholi ehliswayo nezindleko zangempela zezifundo zasekholiji, kuholela ekulungiseni iziphakaniso zemali ezihambisana nokulungisa inzuzo.

Icala eligunyazwayo liyingxenye yesithathu. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho uMkhandlu ucabangela ukumisa kabusha imithetho yemfundo eyisisekelo, njenge-All Schemeevect (ESA) noma i-Speance Education Act. Phakathi nalokhu kuthethwa, ingxoxo idlulela ngalé kwezinga lokuxhasa imali ngonyaka ekushintsheni kokwakha indlela imali ehanjiswa ngayo. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nenqubo yokuqulwa kabusha kwezemfundo ngo-2015, ukuzwa kwaveza impikiswano eshubile ngokuthi kungaqhubeka kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezisekelwe ekubaleni abantu zesihloko I noma ukushintshela ekuncintisaneni kusekelwe ekusebenziseni kwenqubo eqhubekayo namuhla.

Ukusebenzisa Izindlela Zokuthenga Nezinto Eziza Kuqala

Ithonya eliqondile lokulalela ezimisweni zemfundo ezixhaswayo libonakala ekunyatheliseni kahle kwezindleko zemfundo. Ukuxhasa izinhlelo zezinhlelo ezinjengesihloko I, Amenty of Personal Education Act (IDEA) inikeza, futhi umsebenzi nemfundo yezobuchwepheshe kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Izimemezelo zivumela abenzi bemithetho ukuba bahlole ukuthi lezi zinqubo zabelwa ngokulinganayo yini imithombo enqamule amazwe, izifunda, kanye nemiphakathi yabafundi. Ubufakazi obuvela ku-Corvanicational Research Servation Service (CRS) ne-GAO ngokuvamile bembula imiphumela engahleleki enjengemindebe eyamukela izimali ze-pilline ngenye i-injini empofu kunabantu abampofu.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2019, iSigele sokunikeza Imali egunyaziwe e-IDEA saqokomisa ukuthi uhulumeni kahulumeni wayengakaze ahlangabezane nesibopho sakhe esigunyaziwe sokuxhasa amaphesenti angu-40 ezindleko zemfundo ekhethekile. Ubufakazi obuvela kubameleli bamalungelo akhubazekile nabaphathi besikole babonisa ukuthi ukucindezela kwangempela kwezwe kokuncishiswa kwemali, okwaholela ekulungisweni kwemali esemthethweni engu-2020 yemali eyandayo ngenani lemali ye-IDEA ngenani eliyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-R3 [R3]. Lomphumela waba yimiphumela eqondile yokukhokhwaza ngeminyaka eyishumi.

Ngokufanayo, ukuzwa kukaPell Grants phakathi nokwehla komnotho ka-2008 kwanikeza ukwaziswa okubonisa ukuthi umklomelo omkhulu wahlanganisa amaphesenti angu-35 kuphela ezindleko ezivamile zokuya eyunivesithi yomphakathi yeminyaka emine, kwehle kusukela kumaphesenti angaphezu kuka-70 ekupheleni kwawo-1970. Lobo bufakazi basiza ekwakheni icala leMelika Recovery and Reinvestment Act yamalungiselelo okwenza ukuba ipell ixhase imali okwesikhashana futhi kamuva iholele ekulinganiseni izindleko zokwenyuka kwenani lesikhathi esizayo kuya ekwandeni kwenani elingaphezu kwamandla esimiso ebesingasoze yenzeka ngaphandle komlando okwaziswa okuzwayo.

Indima Yobufakazi

Ubufakazi buyindaba yecala. Abenzi bomthetho bavame ukumema iqembu lofakazi abanezimo ezihlukahlukene ukuze baqinisekise ingxoxo elinganiselwe. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugcinwa kwezemfundo, lokhu kuhlanganisa isikhulu sikahulumeni (umz., uSekela-Nobhala wemfundo), udokotela wezwe (umz., umphathi wesikole wesikole), umphathi wendawo (umz., umphathi wesifunda wesikole), kanye nommeleli wenhlangano engafaki nzuzo noma inhlangano yezemfundo. Lengxubevange iqinisekisa ukuthi irekhodi lithatha kokubili ukuhlaziywa kwemali ye-macrouch kanye nemifantu emincane kakhulu ethinta abafundini nabafundisi.

Esinye isibonelo esiphawulekayo senzeka phakathi nokuqulwa kwecala elihlangene ngomphumela we-COVID-19 ekuxhaseni imfundo. OFakazi babehlanganisa umphathi wesikole sasemaphandleni waseMississippi owachaza indlela izindleko zesifunda sakhe ezibanzi ezadla ngayo iSihloko I, umcwaningi weNational Bureau of Economic Research owanikeza ukwaziswa ngokulahlekelwa, nomzali wengane edinga usizo olukhethekile owafaka ubufakazi ngokuwa kwezinkonzo ze-person. Ubunzima obungokomzwelo bobufakazi bomzali, buhlangene nemininingwane yomcwaningi, waqinisekisa amalungu amaningana agxekayo eSivumelwane ukuba asekele i-Assembry e - awenezelo okusekela ukulahlekelwa okugcina ekugcineni kwaba ingxenye ye-AmericanFolera Plantions eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-200 (ESEXEARFREAnce).

Ukuthembeka kofakazi. Ukulalela kumema izikhulu ze-GAO ne-Congregational Baccol Baccogement Office (CBO) ukuba zinikeze ukuhlola okungaphakamisi. Ngokwesibonelo, umbiko ka-2020 GAO mayelana nokuphindwa kwezinhlelo zemfundo zikahulumeni, owenziwe phakathi nokuqulwa kwezinhlelo zezengameli zezinhlangano ezingu-9, udala i-inficiencies eyafaka igalelo elinenzuzo engokwemali. Ukuzwa kwafaka umnyango wezemfundo ekwakheni izinhleloni zemfundo ka-Galpha ukuze kuqinise izinhlelo eziningana ezilandelayo, kugcine amakhulu ezigidi zemali.

Ukuhlola Izindlebe Ezinethonya

Nakuba ukuqulwa kwecala lika - 2018 okukhulunywe ngakho esihlokweni sokuqala kuyisibonelo esihle, ukubukeza umlando kuveza indlela ukuzwakala okuye kwashintsha ngayo inqubo yemfundo ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Unyaka Ka - 2018 Ukwezwa Ngendima Yemfundo

Ngo-8 June 2018 ukuzwa phambi kweNdlu Yemfundo neKomiti yoMsebenzi, yahlobanisa “Indima Yendawo Efundisayo Nokwenyuka Kwezwe Nolawulo Lwendawo,” yanikeza ubufakazi obuvela kuNobhala Betsy Devos, abaphathi abambalwa nomphathi wesikole sikahulumeni, nomphathi wesikole somthetho wesikole. Phakathi nokubuza, amalungu ekomiti aqokomisa ukuthi ngiyisekela izimali zemali iminyaka eyishumi [[FLT:] [inani], kuyilapho inani labafundi abaphila ngobumpofu linyukile. Ufakazi ophambili ovela esifundeni sasemaphandleni eKentucky wafaka ubufakazi bokuthi isifunda sakhe saso sikhonza inani eliphakeme labantu kodwa sathola izimali ezimbalwa ngenxa yokubalwa kwezindawo zasemadolobhulobheni ngenxa yokubalwa “ezingangobumpofu” kanye nalokhu kuholelene.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqulwa kwecala kwakhanga imithombo yezindaba yamazwe, kuhlanganise nezingxenye ze - NPR ne - CNN, ezaphakamisa indaba yokuxhasa isikole ngokusemthethweni. Umphakathi, nawo wabangela umfutho wotshani kubashayi - mthetho ukuze bahlanganise amalungiselelo asemaphandleni asesikhwameni semali ye - ombunibus sango - 2019.

Ukuqulwa Kwezindaba Ngo - 2015 Kwe - ESEA

Phakathi nempikiswano nge-Foursects Resuevered Act, eyathatha indawo ye-No Child Lead Behind, ukuzwa okuningi kwaguqula amalungiselelo okugcina emali. Ukuzwa okukhulu okunethonya ngoMatshi 2015 kwaveza umbiko i-GAO ngesihloko I-Unegated , owathi ukuvumela amazwe ukuba asuse isigqebhezana semali kusuka ezikoleni eziphezulu kuya kwezinye izindlela. I-DO i-gatting isholor aqinisekisa ukuthi isihluthulelo salenze afake ulimi olufuna ukuba okungenani amaphesenti angama-9 emali emali esazikole ezifanelekayo, ilungiselelo elisasebenza nanamuhla.

Izibalo eziphuthumayo ze-COVID-19 ngo-2020-2021

Lo mqedazwe wadala isidingo esingenakuqhathaniswa sokuxhasa imfundo ephuthumayo. NgoMatshi 2020, ngaphambi nje kokuba kufakwe i-CareSS Act, kwakunobufakazi obuvela e-American Federation of Teachers nase-National Guverns Association obuphathelene nezindleko zemfundo ekude, izinhlelo zesikole, nemishini yokuvikela umuntu siqu. I-Education Recebrationation Fund, eyasakaza imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-30 zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zadaya ezindlebeni eliqokomele ubuchwepheshe obuqondile, ukudla, nezidingo zengqondo. Kamuva, 20211, ukukhiqiniswa kwemali yesikole sasesiteshini sase-CFOs eyafaka ubufakazi ngobunzima bokuchitha imali ngemikhawulo kahulumeni. Lokhu kwaphumela eMnyango wezemfundo ekwandiseni yonyaka wezimali zezentengo yeze yezentengo kusuka ku-ES - September 20242222.

2023 Ukusetshenziswa Kwemali Ngokulalela Ukwanda Kophawu Oluyi - pell

NgoMay 2023, iSigele SOKUSINGANISISA ISAZI saphethe isihloko esithi “IHofisi Yomthetho KaPall: Iminyaka Engamashumi Amane Yokuthola Ithuba.” OFakazi babehlanganisa umongameli wasekholiji womphakathi owachaza ukuthi uPelll uhlanganisa izindleko ezingamaphesenti angu-26 kuphela zengqikithi yabakhona, ephoqelela abafundi abaningi ukuba bathathe imali yabo siqu. Umgcini weqembu eliphethe [Inani] Lomthetho] weHhovisi Lemali [[FLT] [FLT] [FLT] [1] wanikeza ukuhlaziya okugcweleyo ukuthi ukusekela ukwanda okuzenzekelayo kwaminyaka yonke okuhambisana nokwehla kwamanani kunganezela amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-4 [ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi]. Nakuba isikhwama sezombangazwe sanikezwa isisekelo sezentebondatha yomthetho yeze yeze yeze-Calbance.

Umbono Wemithombo Yezindaba Nomphakathi

Omunye wemiphumela engaqondile kodwa enamandla yezindlebe ikhono labo lokulungisa inkulumo yeningi. Uma indlebe inikeza ubufakazi obuqand ’ ikhanda . Njengendlela umfundi achaza ngayo ukuntuleka kwabeluleki besikole ukuba asebenzise izinhlelo zasekolishi yedwa . /Izimpompo zamamephu zithatha indaba. Lokhu kuveza indida ephikiswayo: ukucindezelwa komphakathi abaqondisi bemithetho ukuba bathathe isinyathelo, futhi ukuzwa kunikeza izimpawu eziyiqiniso zokuphikisa noma ukusekela izinyathelo ezithile zemali.

Ngokwesibonelo, u-2018 “UMarch for Lives Life” wenhlangano yahlangene nokuzwana kwezezimali ezisesikoleni ezikhokhelwa isikole. Ubufakazi boFakazi abasinda ekudubuleni nasemfuleni wesikole baholela ekudluleni koMthetho we-EDMAT School Violence ka-2018, owagunyaza izigidi ezingu-100 zamaRandi ngonyaka ukuba zihlolwe futhi ziqeqeshwe. Lolo mthetho wawuwumphumela oqondile wokuzwa okukhulisa amandla otshani abashisekeli babafundi.

Ngokufanayo, ukuqulwa kwecala lika-2012 lokuthola inzuzo emakolishi ngo--16. okwanikeza ubufakazi babafundi ababeqongelele isikweletu esikhuhlane bengenamathemba emisebenzi ." kwafaka “umthetho okhokhela umsebenzi”, ukuhlanganisa usizo lwabafundi bezwe nezinhlelo. Izikhalo, zisakazwa kuyi-C-SPAN futhi zimbozwe kakhulu yiNew York Times, zasusa umbono womphakathi ezikhungweni ezihlaselayo futhi zaholela ekuqondiseni kakhulu kwengxenye.

Ukulinganiselwa Nokugxekwa Kwenqubo Yokuzwa

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwazo, ukuqulwa kwezindlebe kwamalungu ahlukene akunaphutha. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ukuzwa kungaba okunenzuzo, amalungu asebenzisa imizuzu emihlanu yokubuza ukuze athole ukwaziswa kunokuba aqoqe ukwaziswa. Ukwanda kokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo ezihlukene futhi kuye kwasho ukuthi ukuzwa kwabaningi abakhethwe ngokuqhubekayo ukuqinisa izikhundla ezimisiwe, kunokuba kunikeze ulwazi olulinganiselwe. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi nokuzwa kwe-Title X xhasa ngemali, womabili amalungu amenywa abasekeli abathatha isimilo sabo, benciphisa amathuba okuhlehla.

Okunye ukulinganiselwa yilokhu: ikhalenda lokuzwa liminyene, futhi amalungu amaningi ekomiti ahlanganyela kafushane, athembele ezikhungweni ukuze afushanise ubufakazi. Lokhu kungaholela ekushintshweni ngokweqile kwezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokusekela imali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithonya labangenisi livame ukuzwakala ngemva kwezimo; ukuzwa kungase kuhlelwe ukuba kwenziwe umbhalo ovumela imboni ethile noma iqembu lobuthakashela. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuzwa ngemfundo ephakeme ngokuvamile kunikeza ubufakazi obuvela emaqulwini aseyunivesithi obusekela izindleko zokucwaninga ezikhudlwana, kuyilapho kungekho fakazi bezifundo eziphansi abakhuluma ngesidingo sabo sosizo lwezimali.

Noma kunjalo, izivikelo ze-procedual jjectures j j sho imfuneko yobufakazi obuyi-bipartisan kanye nokutholakala kwemibono ephikisanayo emibhalweni embalwa ) qinisekisa ukuthi ukuzwa kuseyi-cheme kakhulu emandleni aphethe. Inqubo yokushaya umthetho incike kulokhu kuqulwa ukuze kukhiqizwe umbhalo obhaliwe ongase uhlolwe izinkantolo namaBhungane azayo lapho kuchazwa izinhloso zomthetho.

Isiphetho

Izindlebe ze-Congress zingaphezulu kakhulu kokuzivivinya ngezimpawu; zingamakamelo emishini lapho kuhlolwa khona imithetho yemfundo elawulayo, ilungiswe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibuye ibhalwe. Ngokuletha ndawonye izikhulu zegatsha eziphetheyo, abaholi bezwe, abacwaningi, kanye nezakhamuzi ezithintekile, ukuzwa kudala isisekelo esicebile sokuhlela izinqumo zokuhlelwa kwemali, ukusekela izimali, ukusekela kwemithetho yemfundo yemfundo. U-2018 ukuzwa ngendima kazwelonke emfundo, izingxoxo zezwe eliphuthumayo, kanye nobhadaba oluphuthumayo bonke babonisa ukuthi uma ofakazi bethembekile nemibuzo ikhali, igalelo lingazwakala iminyaka eminingi ekuba nemininingwane yesikole sesikole sesikole nezikhwama kwezemfundo elandelanayo. Njengoba isikole sibhekene nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo zemfundo ekhethekile, izingxoxo ezikhethekile zezemfundo, nokuhlukana kwezemfundo, kuyoqhubeka ukushunyaniswa kwemithetho yezemithetho yezelulekwayo yezezezezelulekwayo futhi isikole semfundo yemfundo, njengoba kufunwa imvume yemfundo yemfundo yalemfundo yale bafundi.