Isingeniso

Ubandlululo lweminyaka yobudala luhlala luyisithiyo esiphikelelayo ezigidini zezisebenzi esezikhulile emhlabeni wonke. Naphezu kwamashumi eminyaka ezimiso zomthetho eziklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukuphathwa ngokungafanele ngenxa yobudala, ochwepheshe abaningi abangomakadne bayaqhubeka bebhekana nobandlululo olucashile olunciphisa amathuba abo emisebenzi, intuthuko yomsebenzi, nokulondeka emsebenzini. Umqedazwe wemisebenzi osheshayo ushintsha umsebenzi ode noshintsho lwezinqubo zeminyaka, kodwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi ludalula futhi lwenzeka kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sihlola isimo samanje sokukhetha abantu abakhulile. Imithetho ehlolwayo, izinhlelo ezihlolwayo, izinselele, izinhlelo ezinikezwa inzuzo, ukuvela kwe-Rabakhi bomsebenzi, manje, abenzi bemithetho kanye nabasekeli bemisebenzi.

Ukucwasana ngeminyaka akuyona nje impikiswano engokomthetho engokomthetho, kodwa ingeyokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho, umphakathi, kanye nengqondo. Uma ochwepheshe asebekhulile bexoshwa emsebenzini noma bencishwa amathuba, izinkampani zilahlekelwa ulwazi lwezeziqu, amandla obuchwepheshe, ukunikeza iziqu, nombono obalulekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izisebenzi esezikhulile zibhekana nokungalondeki ngokwezimali, ukuncishiswa kwemali yomhlalaphansi, nokuncishiselwa kwemali egciniwe yenkampane. Izikhuselo eziqinile zingasiza ekulungiseni lemiqondo yokungahlengwa, kodwa uma nje ziklanywe ngokucophelela, ziphoqelelwe, futhi zisekelwa yinguquko yamasiko. Lesi sihloko siveza ukucwaninga kwamuva, iziphakamiso, iziphakamiso, nokuchaza ukuthi ukushintsha kwenqubo kungaqinisa kanjani ukuvikela abantu abaneminyaka eminingi.

Imithetho Yanamuhla Yokucwasa Eminyakeni Yamanje

E-United States, i-Age Discrimination in Act (ADEA) ka-1967 inqabela ukucwaswa kwabantu abaneminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu ekuqashweni, ekukhushulweni, ekukhushulisweni, ekukhokhelweni, nasekutholeni izinxephezelo. Imithetho efanayo ikhona kwamanye amazwe amaningi, njenge-Eliture Act 2010 eUnited Kingdom, i-General Accompatial Treat Act eJalimane, kanye ne-Agerimitation Act 2004 e-Australia. Nakuba naphezu kwalezi zisekelo ezingokomthetho zokuqasha, ukucwa kweminyaka engaphezulu kuka-201 kusekhona. Ngokwezilinganiso ze-National Bureattuance of Economic Research, izisebenzi ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala azina neze ukuba zithole izilinganiso zezemisebenzi ezilinganayo, ngisho nalapho izimpawu zazo zifana khona nezingazezezezezezezona zezezondolo zezezokuthi zikhona.

Elinye igebe elikhulu emithethweni yamanje lisebenza kuphela ezisebenzini ezineminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu, zishiye izisebenzi ezisencane zisengozini yokucwaswa yiziqu zeminyaka (ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-"reversistingism"). Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abaqashi bafuna obala "indawo yokuhlala" noma "izimo ezisha", ngaphandle kwezicelo ezindala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuphuka kwezezimali zezezimali kanye namalungiselelo emisebenzi ahlukile kuye kwadala inani elikhulu lezisebenzi ezizimele, izikhululo ezikhululekile, nezisebenzi zasesiteji eziye zahluleka ukukhokha ngaphandle kwemithetho yezenkambiso yemisebenzi. EC i-U. E.S., i-ADE nemithetho eminingi yezezisebenzi ezisezinkampanini ezisezingeni elilinganiselwe (zingu-20 noma ngaphezulu), ishiya amabhizinisi amancane nokuqala indawo ezungezile ngaphandle kokuqondisa. I-ECC ibuye iholi ekuholweni kwemisebenzi ehreyibhulomu ende ende ende ende ende ende ende enkulu (e) i-E ngokomthetho ye-EC) i-A.

Obunye ubunzima obubucayi ukubonakalisa ubandlululo lobudala enkantolo. Abaqashi bavame ukusebenzisa izilinganiso ezibonakala zingathathi hlangothi njengokungathi "ufaneleko lwezenkolo," "izinga eliqinile,"" noma "i-technology savvy" noma "i-technology savvy yokufihla inkathi esekelwe ekukhetheni. Icala liphela ngokwahlulela ngokufingqiwe umqashi ngoba abakhohlisi abanakubonisa ubufakazi obuqondile benhloso yokungathathi hlangothi. Ukuhlola okungokophawu okwenziwa yiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia Hasting College of Law kwathola ukuthi abathathi bemibono abavamile ezicalulekini zenkathi esukela enkathini ecishe i - 15% kuphela, uma kuqhathaniswa cishe 25% yesinqumo sohlanga noma ukucwasana. Lokhu kuphumelela akuthi khuthaze izisebenzi eziningi ezindala ekulandeleni izenzo zomthetho futhi zilulaza umphumela womthetho.

Izwe lonke, isithombe sixubene. I-European Union’s Exafect Directive inqabela ukucwaswa kobudala emsebenzini nasekuqeqesheni umsebenzi, kodwa amalungu amazwe ayisebenzisa ngendlela ehlukile, kuholela ekuvikelweni okungafani. Ngokwesibonelo, amanye amazwe avumela iminyaka yokuthatha umhlalaphansi ephoqelelwe ukuba ikwazi ukukhipha iholo eliphansi, kuyilapho amanye ewayekile. EJapan, i-Act on Reconciliationation of Elder Perlations ikhuthaza izinkampani ukuba ziphinde zisebenze izisebenzi kuze kube iminyaka engu-70, kodwa ukugcinwa kubuthakathaka futhi abaqashi abaningi kuphazamisa umoya womthetho ngokunikela iholo eliphansi noma izikhundla ezingafiseleki kakhulu. Lezi ziqokomisa isidingo sokuzivikela okungaguquguquki neswqele.

Izinguquko Zesimiso Esihlongozwayo Ukuze Kubhekwe Izivikelo Ezikhuphukayo

Ngenxa yalokhu buthakathaka, abamisi-mthetho, izinhlangano zezegunya njenge AARP neNational Account Accounting Project, nezindikimba zomhlaba wonke ezinjenge - International Labour Organization zihlongoze inguquko yezimiso. Ngezansi kunezici eziyinhloko okugxilwe kuzo, ngayinye enezinyathelo eziqondile nezibonelo zemizamo yamuva yemithetho.

Ukwandisa Isembozo Ezengeziwe

Esinye seziphakamiso ezishukumisa kakhulu ukunwebela ukuvikela izisebenzi ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-40 ubudala ekukhetheni inkathi yobudala. Okunye ubandlululo olunzima lungathinta izisebenzi ezisezincane kakhulu ngokwesibonelo, ekuqasheni izikhundla eziphakeme lapho abaqashi bengase babheke khona njengabangaba "basha" noma abangenalwazi. Ezinye izifundazwe, njengeNew York, kakade seziye zandisa imithetho yazo yobudala yokucwasa yeminyaka yobudala ukuze zihlanganise zonke izisebenzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zineminyaka engakanani ubudala. Okunye ukukhula okunzima kuhilela izisebenzi ezisebenzayo ezingokomnotho. Ngo-2023, i-U.S. Umnyango we-OR. u-A. u-A. u-A. u-E. u-A. u-E. u-A. u-B. u-A. u-E. u-E. u-A. u-E. u-A. u-E.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho eminingi yamanje ikhulula abaqashi abancane. Ngokwesibonelo, i-ADEA isebenza kubaqashi abanezisebenzi ezingu-20 noma ngaphezulu, kuyilapho i-Theoth VII ye-Civil Rights Act ihlanganisa labo abaneminyaka engu-15 noma ngaphezulu. Ukuhlenga lelo sango kuya kwesihlanu noma ngisho nesisebenzi esisodwa kungaqinisekisa ukuthi izisebenzi ezindala ezisemabhizinisini amancane, isiqalo, kanye nezinkampani ezizimele zomkhaya zivikelekile. Umbiko wamashumi amabini22 eziseCenter for American Progrestions ulinganisela ukuthi cishe amashumi amane% ezisebenzi zase-U.S. Izisebenzi ziqashwa amabhizinisi anezisebenzi ezingaphansi kwengu-20, okusho ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yezisebenzi ayinasombululo isivikelo sombuso. Izwe, njengalezo zeMichigan neNew Jersey, zibonisa ukuthi ukudlulisa abaqashi abancane kulinganiselwa kubo kokubili kulinganiselwa futhi kuyasiza.

Imishini Enamandla

Ngisho nemithetho engcono kakhulu ayisebenzi ngaphandle kokuqiniswa. Izinguquko ezihlongozwayo eminyakeni yamuva zihlanganisa izijeziso ezandayo zokuphulwa, njengokuphakamisa iziphambano zokujeziswa nokujeziswa ngokukhetha iminyaka. Ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni wamanje, ukulimala kwe-ADEA, kulinganiselwe ekukhokheleni izindleko zokukhokha kanye nokunciphiswa okushafa okuphindwe kabili (kungaphinde kuphele) ezimweni zokuphula ngamabomu ngomshone, kodwa akukho sijekethi sokukhungatheka okungokomzwelo noma ukulahlekelwa yisijeziso, kodwa, abahluleli abaningi bayazilinganisela. Amanye amazwe, njengoCalifornia, kakade avumela izindleko ezingase zisebenze njengemingcele eqinile. Okunye ukuvinjelwa kungenziwa njengenqubo yezeluleko oluzimele kwezelwe ukucwa kweze-astrice. Izentengosi yeze yeze, ngokwesibonelo, amandla eUnited Kingdom Union noma iHlongo elihlukene ehlongole i-E.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqinisa ilungelo lezezimali ngasese nokunciphisa izithiyo ezisecaleni ezibhekene nesigaba-style kuyokwenza kube lula ngezisebenzi ukuba zibeke inselele ukucwaswa kwezimiso. Inkantolo ePhakamileyo yase-U.S. isinqumo sika-2009 Gross v. FBL Services Officervices[[[FLL:1]] iphakamise umthwalo wobufakazi owezikhundla zamacala asobala onyakeni, ifuna ukuba iminyaka yobudala ibe yi-"kodwa"kakhulu kwesesinyathelo somthetho ophakeme kunaleyo "isisusa" isisusa esinezekelele esikhona esimweni sobandlululo. Izazi eziningi ezingokomthetho kanye namalungu eMkhankathini yemithetho yokulwa kweze-Ault Active Act (PUPA), okungabuyisela isimilo esihlukene sobandlululo nesohlwini sobandlululo nesohlangothi oluhlangeneyo. Kodwa akuzange kudluliswe izinqulwini zeze ukuba kudluliselwe izivumelwano eziningi.

Imikhankaso Yokuqaphela Nemfundo

Ukwazi amalungelo omuntu kuyimfuneko eyisisekelo ekuwasebenziseni. Izisebenzi eziningi esezikhulile aziqapheli ngesivikelo sazo esingokomthetho, futhi abaqashi abaningi − ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi amancane . "awaqondi ngokugcwele amabhizinisi]. Izinguquko zezimiso zihlanganisa amalungiselelo emikhankaso yokuqapha komphakathi, izinhlelo zokuqeqesha abaqashi abangcono kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, iwebhsayithi ye-EEOC inikeza imithombo yemali engokobudala, kodwa imali yokuphuma kwemali ilinganiselwe. Izinhlangano zezwe zamalungelo abantu ziye zasungula imikhankankambiso yokuzi, njengale `Ageribaclitive''' iright s, umkhankaso wezokukhangisa, owenziwe ngezokukhangisa, i-midiya, i-binar, nempahla enyatheliswa ngezilimi ezilimini eziningi. Ukuxhasa imali okunjalo kungafakwa ekusekeleni izikhungo zezinhlangano zezinhlangano zendawo nezokuzinga. Izikhulu zika-HR, eziphambili zezazi zezezezazi zeminyaka ezindaweni zokuzinhlalisa izimfuneko zeze zeze zezentengo.

Enye indlela ethembisayo ukuhlanganisa ukuqaphela ubandlululo lobudala nokuhlukanisa izakhiwo ezibanzi, i-equity, kanye nokufakwa (DEI). Ngokuvamile, izinhlelo ze-DEI zigxila kuphela ekuhlanganeni, ubulili, kanye nasekuziphatheni ngokobulili, zibheke ubudala njengobungako bezindawo ezihlukene. Amaqembu ezingane njenge-AARP adala amathuluzi abaqashi ukuze bahlole futhi bathuthukise iminyaka yabo ehlukene. Ukuhlolwa kweNhlangano ye-Human Resource Management (SHRM) kwathola ukuthi izinhlangano ezinezinhlelo zemisebenzi esemthethweni yokwahlukana kwabikwa ukwaneliseka okuphakeme kwezisebenzi futhi ziphendulele phansi phakathi kwezisebenzi ezineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50. i-Pliclics, njengokuncomo zomzamhlawulo noma izinhlelo zokukhokhwa kweminyaka yobungane, kungakhuthaza ukuthatha izinhlelo ezinjalo.

Imicebo Yasemthethweni Efinyelelekayo Nokusekela

Ekugcineni, isimiso somthetho ngokwaso kumelwe sitholakale kakhulu kuzisebenzi esezikhulile ezibhekene nobandlululo. Izisebenzi eziningi esezikhulile azikwazi ukukhokha imvume yokuzithethelela, ukuthi zingaba kanjani imvume, noma zingesabeki ukuba umqashi aziphindisele. Izinguquko ezihlongoze izakhiwo zihlanganisa ukuxhasa izinhlangano zosizo ezingokomthetho ezisebenza ngomthetho, ukumiswa kwe-pro-bono areatractralmnemsmesm, nokusungulwa kwehhovisi le-ombudsman ukuqondisa izisebenzi ngenqubo yokukhononda. Ezinye izakhiwo, njengedolobha laseNew York, ziye zasungula imithola mvume esemthethweni yezisebenzi ezibhekenelusizo olusemthethweni. E-UK, i-Erecificial Aviscommentory ne Serviory Servicence inikeza iseluleko ngokukhululekile nokusekela umsebenzi wezentengo yomphakathi eU. Inhlangano yesizwe yemisebenzi enjalo elandela i-U. i-Orvenced . i-Orvis, i-om. i-om. i-octal provismentmental i-om

Enye inguquko eyisihluthulelo ukuncishiswa kwemisebenzi yokuhlela nesithiyo esisemthethweni. Okwamanje, izisebenzi ezifuna ukufaka i-ADEA icala nge-EEOC kumelwe zenze kanjalo phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-180 zobandlululo oluthiwa (noma izinsuku ezingu-300 ezisezizweni ezinemisebenzi elungile kahulumeni). Lelifasitela elimfushane lingaba yinselele ngokukhethekile kuzisebenzi ezindala ezibhekene nokucindezeleka okungokomzwelo nokungokwezimali kokulahlekelwa umsebenzi. Abanye abasekeli bahlongoza ukunwetshwa kwemingcele yezinsuku ezingu-356, futhi imithetho eminingi kahulumeni kakade ivumela inqubo engcono yokusebenza nokunikeza iziyalezo ezicacile ngamafomethi atholakalayo (umshini omkhulu, umsindo, njalo) futhi zisiza izisebenzi ezindala ukuba zihambe esimweni esiphansi.

Izinzuzo Ezingase Zibe Khona Zokushintsha Kwesimiso

Uma ziqanjwa, lezi zinguquko zesimiso zingaveza izinzuzo ezinkulu zezisebenzi, abaqashi, kanye nomnotho ophakeme. Ezingeni ngalinye, isivikelo esiqinile singavumela izisebenzi esezikhulile ukuba zihlale isikhathi eside emsebenzini uma zikhetha, zinikele ekulondekeni kwazo ngokwezimali nasenhlalakahleni yonke. Ukucwaninga kwe-Urban Institute kubonisa ukuthi izisebenzi ezingahlala zisebenza eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-65 zithola iholo eliphezulu lomhlalaphansi nenani eliphansi lobumpofu. Uma zinciphisa isilinganiso sobubhavu enkampanini, ingxubevange ehlukene iletha izinqubeko, izinkinga ezingcono, nobuchwepheshe obungcono. Ucwaningo lwe-2020 lwe-World Economicalism Forum luthole ukuthi izinkampagementer eziseqe amaqembu angontanga yazo zithola inzuzo engcono nenciphe kakhulu. Ngokunciphisa inguquko yeminyaka, izinhlangano zezentengo yemali, incishi yeze inzuzo enkulu, nezisebenzi.

Kulelizinga lezezomnotho, ukucwasa okukhulu kweminyaka yobudala kungasiza ekubhekaneni nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ezimbonini eziningi. Njengoba abavuli bezingane bethatha umhlalaphansi, umnotho ubhekana nokulahlekelwa izisebenzi ezinokuhlangenwe nakho. I-Bureau of Labor Statistics yase-U. i-U.S. i-Bureau of Labor Statistics ihlela ukuthi ngo-2030, izisebenzi ezineminyaka engu-55 nangaphezulu ziyokwakha isilinganiso sa 25% yamandla omsebenzi. Uma lezozisebenzi zikhishwa ngenxa yokucwasa ngobukhulu bemisebenzi, noma uma ngokuzithandela zishiya ngenxa yezimo zemisebenzi eziphansi, izimali zilahlekelwa inhloko yezenani elikhulu labantu. Umbiko we-OECD ulinganisela ukuthi ukuqeda ukucwa kweminyaka kungakhuphuka ngeminyaka emibili kuya kweyedwa kwamanye amazwe, njengoba izisebenzi ezindala zinikela ngeminyaka ekhiqiza kakhulu futhi zithutha kakhulu ekuthuthweni komphakathi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu njengamazwe amaningi ngenxa yokuguga kanye nokucindezela kwabantu abahlala abantu abahlala ezintwini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinguquko zezimiso ezihlanganisa imfundo nezakhi zokuqeqesha zingasiza ekunciphiseni ihlazo ezizisebenzi esezikhulile futhi zikhuthaze ukubambisana phakathi kwezigaba. Uma izisebenzi zabo bonke ubudala zisebenza ngokunempumelelo, ukuthuthukisa, futhi izingxabano emsebenzini zingancipha. Ezinye izinkampani kakade seziye zamukela imikhuba ehlanganisa iminyaka yobudala, njengokuhlela okuguquguqukayo, ukukhetha komhlala-phansi ohleliwe, nokuguqula izinhlelo lapho izisebenzi ezisezincane nasebekhulile zishintshana khona. Uma zikhona ezisemthethweni noma zihlanganiswa nezinhlelo zikahulumeni, zingaba yizenziwa kakhulu.

Izinselele Nokucabangela

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezicacile, izinguquko zezimiso zibhekana nezinselele eziningana futhi zidinga ukulinganisela. Okunye okukhathaza kakhulu ukukhokha izindleko ezikhudlwana zokuthobela nokuphatha kubaqashi, ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi amancane. Ukunikeza imininingwane ebanzi yokugcinwa kwezincwadi, ukuqeqeshwa okuphoqelelwe, noma ukubika okusha okungabizi, futhi abamisi-mthetho bangazilinganisela lezizindleko ezizosiza ezilindelekile. Ikhambi linikeza ukuhlelwa kwenani elimisiwe, ukukhokhwa kwentela, noma usizo lobuchwepheshe kubaqashi abancane. Enye inselele yingozi yokungahleleki imiphumela. Ngokwesibonelo, isivikelo esiqinile ekuvimbeleni izinhlangano ezisebenza ngempoqo noma ukwenza amathuba okuqabula izisebenzi ezisencane. Nokho, ubufakazi busikisela ukuthi ukuhlukanisa izindleko zentela, ukukhokhwala intela okuhambisana nokuhlelwa kahle. Abenzi bemithetho kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi ukuvikelwa ngaphandle kobandlululo olusha.

Ukungasheshi kwezombangazwe kungesinye isithiyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucwasana ngeminyaka kubhekwa njengokungaphuthumanga kunezinye izinhlobo zobandlululo, futhi izisebenzi eziningi esezikhulile azihlelwanga njengendawo yokuvota. Ukuhluleka kwemvume ye-POWADA ukudlula naphezu kokusekela kwe-bipartisan esikhathini esidlule kubonisa ubunzima bokuqhubekisela phambili umthetho onjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abaqashi namaqembu ezimboni baphikisa ukuthi imithetho yamanje yanele futhi ilimaza ukuncintisana. Ukuze banqobe ukumelana nokuvota, abameleli kufanele bagcizelele icala lezentelezi zezentengiselwano zezeko nokuzinza. Kufanele futhi bagcizelele ukuthi ubandlululo lweminyaka yobudala kodwa futhi nentsha nezomnotho iyonke.

Okunye ukucatshangelwa ukuhlobana phakathi kokucwasana kobudala nokucwaswa kwezindlela zokuvikela abantu abagugile nezinye izimiso, njengenkathi yomhlalaphansi, ukulondeka ngokwezenhlalakahle, nemithetho yempesheni. Kwamanye amazwe, ukukhuphuka noma ukunciphisa izinzuzo zempesheni kungandisa ukucindezela kwezisebenzi esezikhulile ukuba zihlale emsebenzini lapho zibhekene nokucwaswa. Izinguquko kumelwe zihlanganiswe phakathi kwemisebenzi, impesheni, nezimiso zezenhlalakahle zezenhlalakahle ukuze ziphumelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwemali kumelwe zixhaswe ngokwaneleyo; kungenjalo, amalungelo amashazi asele ayobe ekhona. Umbiko we-GAO ophawulwe ngaphambili waphawula ukuthi ukubekelwa ubandlululo kobudala beminyaka eminingi kwakukhula, futhi imithwalo yemfanelo eyengeziwe ngaphandle kwezimali ingaba ngcono kakhulu.

Okokugcina, kunenselele yokubonisa ukucwasana ngeminyaka enkimbini, emsebenzini wanamuhla lapho ubandlululo lungase lube olucashile futhi lungaqondakali. Izinguquko zemithetho njengesembozo esixubile nokusetshenziswa kobufakazi obungokwezibalo kungasiza, kodwa futhi zingavula umnyango ekumangalelweni okungenangqondo. Ukulinganisela ekutholeni ukubekwa kobulungisa nesidingo sokugwema ukubekwa phambili ngokweqile kuwumsebenzi onzima. Ezinye izifunda ziye zazama izindlela zokuxazulula izimpikiswano, njengemiyalo noma ukusetshenziswa kwezibalo, kodwa lokhu kumelwe kuklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kulungile futhi akunciphi izaba zomqashi.

Isiphetho

Ubandlululo lweminyaka luyinkinga engapheli nelimazayo elulaza isithunzi nokulondeka kwezomnotho kwezigidi zezisebenzi emhlabeni wonke. Nakuba imithetho ekhona inikeza isisekelo, ayizene ukuxazulula isimo esishintshayo somsebenzi nezindlela zobudala ezicashile, zokwakha. Izinguquko zenqubo ezixoxwayo kulesi sihloko . Ukuhlanganisa, ukuqinisa, ukuqinisa, ukuphakamisa ukuqaphela, nokuthuthukisa ukusekela okungokomthetho kwezisebenzi. Ngokwamanje i-paprandment yenguquko yenguquko. Ngokuhlanganisa ukuvikela kobudala, singakha izikhungo zomsebenzi ezibiza inzuzo ngempela, amakhono, kanye nombono okhona kuzo zonke izigaba zomsebenzi womuntu. Ukufeza le njongo kudinga umzamo oqhubekayo ovela kubenzi bemithetho, abaqashi, abaqashi, nabasekeli bezimiso ezingcono. Ngokunikeza izithembiso ezingokomsebenzi ezingcono kakhulu, futhi kungcono kakhulu.