Table of Contents
Nsuku zonke, izinqumo ezenziwa izikhulu zikahulumeni emazingeni endawo, ezwe, ziguqula umhlaba ozungezile. Kusukela ezikoleni ezisendaweni yakini kuya ezindinganisweni zokuphepha zokudla okudliwayo, eziya eziqondisweni zendawo ezungezile ezivikela imithombo yemvelo yokunakekela impilo ethinta umkhaya wakho .Izinqumo ezingekho emthethweni zithinta cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwanamuhla. Kodwa ezakhamuzini eziningi, inqubo yokwenza imithetho ihlala iyimfihlo, iqhele kakhulu ezinkathazweni zazo zansuku zonke nangaphandle kwethonya lazo. Ukuqonda indlela izimiso ezidalwe ngayo, zisebenza, futhi zinqunywe ngayo ukuze kutholakale ubuhlali besizwe kuphela kodwa futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinqumo zikahulumeni zibonisa ngempela izidingo nezindinganiso zezindawo ezikhonzayo.
Lo mqondisi obanzi uhlola izwe eliyinkimbinkimbi lokwenza isimiso, ubhidlize izinqubo zikahulumeni eziyinkimbinkimbi zibe izakhi eziqondakalayo kuyilapho eqokomisa indima ebucayi efezwa yizakhamuzi ezivamile ekulolongeni isimiso somphakathi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhathazekile ngempikiswano ethile ethinta umphakathi wakho noma umane ufune ukuba umbambiswa owengeziwe futhi ophumelelayo ekubuseni kwentando yeningi, ukuqonda inqubo ekwenza uqaphele futhi uthuthukise ekushintsheni okunenjongo.
Yini Umthetho Womphakathi Obalulekile Futhi Kungani Ubalulekile?
Isimiso somphakathi sihlanganisa izinqumo, izenzo nezimiso ohulumeni abazisebenzisayo ukuze baxazulule izinselele zomphakathi futhi bathuthukise inhlalakahle yezakhamuzi zabo. Lezi zinqubo zingaba nezindlela eziningi, kuhlanganise nemithetho ekhishwa izindikimba zomthetho, imithetho esungulwe izinhlangano eziphethe, izinqumo zenkantolo ezichaza imithetho ekhona nezinhlelo eziklanyelwe ukunikeza izinkonzo noma izinzuzo ezithile emphakathini.
Isimiso somphakathi sibanzi ngokuphawulekayo. Sihlanganisa yonke into kusukela kumasu esizwe okuzivikela nezivumelwano zezohwebo zamazwe ngamazwe kuya ezimisweni zendawo zokwakha nezimiso zezifunda zesikole. Ezinye izinqubo zisingatha izinhlekelele ezisheshayo, njengemithetho elandelwayo yokusabela ngokuphuthumayo phakathi nezinhlekelele zemvelo, kuyilapho ezinye zisingatha izinselele zesikhathi eside njengokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukungalingani kwezomnotho, noma ukukhula kwezezisekelo zemvelo.
Ukuqonda isimiso somphakathi kuthinta ngokuqondile izinga lokuphila kwakho, amathuba ezomnotho, inkululeko yomuntu siqu, kanye nenhlalakahle yomphakathi. Izikhulu zezokunquma ukuthi amasheya angakanani asetshenziswayo, ukuthi isivikelo esingakanani esikhona ezisebenzini nakubathengi, indlela imithombo yemvelo ephathwa ngayo, nezinkonzo ezitholakalayo kulabo abaswele. Uma izakhamuzi ziqonda inqubo, zizuza ulwazi namathuluzi adingekayo ukuze zisekele izithakazelo zazo, zigcina izikhulu ezikhethiwe zinecala, futhi zihlanganyela ngokunenjongo ekubuseni kwentando yeningi.
Inqubo Yokwenza Inqubo: Ukubuka ngokubuka okucubungulayo
Inqubo yenqubo ithathwa njengezigaba ezilandelanayo ezihlanganisa ukuvela kwenkinga, ukuhlelwa kwezinhlelo, ukucabangela izinketho zenqubo, ukwenza izinqumo, ukusetshenziswa, nokuhlola. Nakuba lesi sici sinikeza indlela ewusizo yokuqonda indlela izimiso ezikhula ngayo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ekusebenziseni, lenqubo ayivamile ukuhlelwa. Izimpikiswano zingahlehlela emuva naphakathi kwezigaba, futhi izimiso eziningi zingaba ngezigaba ezihlukene.
Inkathi 1: Ukubonakala Kwenkinga Nokwakheka Kwe - Agenda
Ngaphambi kokuba kuqalwe isimiso, kumelwe kube nenkinga ebhekiswe ekunakekeleni kukahulumeni. Akuzona zonke izindaba zezenhlalo eziba inqubo ephambili. Ukumiswa kwe-Agenda yisigaba esihluzekile lapho ezinye izinto zikhulela ekunakweni abenzi bezimiso kuyilapho abanye benganakwa kakhulu noma benganakwa ngokuphelele, naphezu kwezinkulungwane zezindaba ezingase zithakazelele ukunakekela kwabo.
Izici eziningana zithonya ukuthi impikiswano ibangelwa yini noma ihlelwe ngokwesimiso. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuqina nobukhulu benkinga, ukunaka kwemithombo yezindaba, ukuphambaniswa kwesithakazelo ngamaqembu noma abantu abanethonya, ukuqondisa izenzakalo ezinjengezinhlekelele noma izinhlekelele, nokuvumelana nezinto eziza kuqala zezikhulu ezikhethiwe. Izenzakalo eziqondile zingabeka inkinga enqubweni, njengalapho inhlekelele engokwemvelo iqokomisa ukuncintisana kwezezisekelo zezemisebenzi noma lapho inkinga yempilo yomphakathi yembula igebelele ezimisweni zokwelapha.
Abadlali abaphambili abahleliwe bahlanganisa iziqu, amaqembu enzalo, imithombo yezindaba, nezikhulu zikahulumeni. Ngamunye walaba babheki ufeza indima ehlukile ekuletheni izimpikiswano ekunakekeleni komphakathi nasekuzifakeni ngezindlela ezivumelana nabenzi bezimiso kanye nomphakathi obanzi. Indlela impikiswano ehlelwa ngayo, ukuthi iziphi izimbangela ezichazwayo, nokuthi iziphi iziphetho ezishiwo ngophawu oluthiwayo.
Izitembu 2: Ukumiswa Kwesimiso
Uma nje impikiswano isithole indawo ehleliwe, isigaba sokuhlela ukuhlelwa kwenqubo siqala. isigaba senqubo silapho izinhloso zihlolwa kahle, kusungulwe amakhambi, futhi kwenziwa izinqumo ngokuphathelene namasu aphumelela kakhulu. Lesi siteji sihilela ukucwaninga okukhulu, ukuhlaziya, nengxoxo phakathi kwababheki bemigodi abahlukahlukene.
Phakathi nokwakhiwa, abenzi bezimiso kanye nezisebenzi zabo bangahlola izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusingatha inkinga ekhona. Bangase bahlole indlela amanye ama-oceali asingatha ngayo izindaba ezifanayo, bathintane nochwepheshe bezindaba, bahlole ukwaziswa nokucwaninga, futhi bacabangele izindleko nezinzuzo zokukhetha okuhlukahlukene. Izihlongozo zemithetho ziklanyelwe izikweletu zezindleko, imithetho, noma amasu azimisele ukuxazulula izinselele ezikhona.
Leliqophelo lihlanganisa ukuxoxisana okukhulu nokuyekethisa. Abaxhasi abahlukene ngokuvamile banezithakazelo ezincintisanayo nezinto eziza kuqala, futhi inqubo yokulungisa kumelwe ilinganise lemibono ehlukene. Ochwepheshe bobuchwepheshe bangatusa indlela eyodwa esekelwe ekuphumeleleni, kuyilapho ukucabangela kwezombangazwe kungase kuthande ezinye izindlela ezikhona noma ezimukeleka kakhulu ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Iziphakamiso zezomnotho, izimfuneko ezingokomthetho, kanye negunya lokulawula zonke ithonya ezikhethweyo licatshangelwa ngokungathi sína.
Isigaba 3: Ukutholwa Kwabantwana Nokubekwa Kwabo
Isigaba sokutholwa kulapho abakhi bezinqumo ezingokomthetho − njengabenzi bemithetho, abaphathi, noma izindikimba ezilawulayo (*) zivumela isimiso. Amaqumrhu agunyazayo noma amagatsha aphethe kumelwe avumele izihlongozo zezimiso. Lenqubo iyahluka kuye ngokwezinga negatsha likahulumeni okuhilelekile.
Ezindabeni zemithetho, iziphakamiso ezibizwa ngokuthi izikweleti zithunyelwa kumakomiti amancane asebenza ngalendaba ukuze ahlolwe, futhi uma ikomiti ibheka lesi sinqumo njengesilungile, idlulisela kuso sonke indikimba ekhethiwe evotelayo esimisweni esihlongozwayo, kanye nezikweletu ezidlula ngokuphumelelayo ekamelweni ngalinye elithunyelwa kumongameli noma kumbusi osayina noma okhipha umthetho. Lenqubo ihlanganisa amathuba amaningi okulungisa, ukuphikisana, nokubukeza.
Isici sokumisa saleliqophelo sibalulekile. Ukuze isimiso sisetshenziswe ngokuphumelelayo, kumelwe sibhekwe njengesemvume kulabo abayothinteka yiso kanye nalabo abanomthwalo wokusifeza. Ukushaya umthetho kuvela ekulandeleni izinqubo ezifanele, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezithintekayo zibonakala kahle, ukunikeza ukukhanya ekufezeni izinqumo, nokubonisa ukuthi le nqubo ifeza isithakazelo somphakathi kunokuba ifeze izithakazelo ezikhethekile.
Isiteji 4: Ukusetshenziswa Kwesimiso
Izinhlangano eziphethe zifeza noma zifeze isimiso ngokuvamile zifezwa ezinye izinhlangano ezisakha futhi zamukela. zifeza noma zisebenzise isimiso, esingahlanganisa ukwamukela imithetho nezimiso, ukunikeza izinkonzo nemikhiqizo, imikhankaso yemfundo yomphakathi, nokufushaniswa kwezingxabano.
Umthetho unikeza uhlaka olubanzi lwenqubo, izinhlangano ezinjenge-Nzalo yokuvikelwa kwezindawo zinikeza imininingwane ngezindinganiso nezinqubo zokulinganisela ukuthobela ngezimiso. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kuhilela ukuchazwa okukhulu nokwenziwa kwesinqumo kwabaphathi okumelwe baguqulele imigomo yenqubo ezinyathelweni ezithile nasezimisweni ezithile.
Ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kuxhomeke ebunkimbinkimbini besimiso, ukubambisana phakathi kwalabo abamisa isimiso, nokulalela. Izinselele zokusisebenzisa zingahlanganisa imithombo engonele, ukungaxhumani phakathi kwezinhlangano, ukumelana nalezo ezithintelwe yisimiso, iziqondiso ezicacile noma eziphikisanayo, kanye nezimo zezombangazwe ezishintshayo. Ukukhulumisana okucacile neziqondiso kubalulekile phakathi nesigaba sokusetshenziswa kwenqubo, njengoba besiza abaphathi ukuchaza izimiso futhi benze izinqumo ezisekelwe ekuqondiseni.
Isiteji 5: Ukuhlola Izimiso
Ukuhlola kusho ukunquma ukuthi isimiso sisebenza kahle kangakanani, futhi akuwona umsebenzi olula. Phakathi nokuhlola, abacwaningi banquma ukuthi imigomo yesimiso yafezeka yini. Lesi siteji sihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwemiphumela yesimiso, ukuphumelela, ukusebenza kahle, nemiphumela engalindelekile.
Abadlali abaningi bahlola ithonya lezimiso ukuze babone ukuthi bayazixazulula yini izinkinga ezitholakele nezifeza imigomo yabo, babheka izindleko nezinzuzo zezimiso kanye nemiphumela yabo engaqondile nengahlosiwe. Ukuhlola kuyinqubo ehlelekile elinganisa ukusebenza kwenqubo emelene nezinjongo zayo ezihlongozwayo futhi ingahlanganisa izindlela ezicacisiweyo zokuqoqa ukwaziswa ngemiphumela yesimiso, ukuphumelela, kanye nezindleko.
UKhomishane usebenzisa umsebenzi wakhe wokwengamela ne-General Accounting Office ukuze ahlolwe, izinhlangano zihlola ukusebenza kwazo, futhi abahloli bangaphandle bahlanganisa amaqembu afuna isithakazelo, amathangi, ama-academia, nemithombo yezindaba. Okutholwa ekuhlolweni kungaholela ekulungiseni okumisiwe, ukwanda, noma ukuqedwa. Ukuhlola ngokuvamile kubangela ukubonakala kwezinkinga kanye nokuhlelwa kwezinhlelo nenqubo entsha, kuqokomisa isimo senqubo yenqubo.
Iqiniso Eliyinkimbinkimbi Lokusetshenziswa Kwesimiso Somthetho
Nakuba iziteshi ze-modeli zinikeza uhlelo oluwusizo lokuthuthukisa inqubo yokuqonda, iqiniso liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngokwenqubo, izindaba zenqubo zihlangene, abenzi bezimiso bazama ukuthola izixazululo ngomongo wokungabaza okukhulu nokungaqiniseki okukhulu ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Izikhulu azithuthuki kahle ngaso sonke isikhathi kusukela kwesinye isigaba kuya kwesinye, futhi izigwegwe eziningi zikhona kuyo yonke le nqubo.
Le nqubo iyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yezombangazwe lapho kunabadlali abaningi khona: abezombangazwe abakhethiwe, abaholi beqembu lezombangazwe, amaqembu acindezelayo, izisebenzi zomphakathi, ochwepheshe abaqashwe obala, abahluleli, izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke, ochwepheshe bezemfundo, izintatheli ngisho nezakhamuzi ezizibona zithatha imithetho ngaphandle kwesizathu. Ngamunye walaba bakhangisi uletha imibono ehlukene, izithakazelo, amakhono, nemithombo yemisebenzi enqubo.
Ukucabangela okungenakugwenywa okuthonya izinqumo zezezombangazwe kuzo zonke izigaba. Izikhulu eziqashelwayo kumelwe zilinganisele ukuphumelela kwenqubo nokungafezeki kwezombangazwe, zicabangela indlela izinqumo eziyothinta ngayo abamelelwa bazo, isikhululo seqembu labo, namathemba abo siqu. Amaqembu anesithakazelo ahlomela ukusekela izimiso ezizuzisa amalungu azo noma izimbangela zazo. Ukuveza imithombo yezindaba kuguqula umbono womphakathi wezindaba wezindaba wezindaba nezithakazelo ezingekho mthetho. Izinhlangano zezikhulu zabaphathi bamazwe zinezithakazelo zazo siqu nezingagunyaza izikhundla nempucuko ezilawula ngayo izimiso.
Imingcele yezomnotho futhi inendima enkulu. Unyaka ngamunye, uMkhandlu kumelwe unqume ngenqubo yokubhula ukuthi malini okungasetshenziswa kuyo yonke inqubo, ngesimiso esidinga ukugunyazwa imali ngaphambi kokuba ifaneleke emalini ebhaliswe ngonyaka. Ukulinganiselwa kwemithombo yemali kusho ukuthi abenzi bemithetho kumelwe benze izinqumo ezinzima mayelana nezinto eziza kuqala, ngokuvamile eziholela ekuyekethiseni okunganeliseki muntu ngokuphelele kodwa okwamukelekayo kubabambi bezibopho ukuba baqhubekele phambili.
Ukubaluleka Okubucayi Kokuhlanganyela Ezakhamuzini
Emiphakathini yentando yeningi, ukuthatha isinyathelo ekwenzeni isimiso akuyona into efiselekayo kuphela kuhulumeni osemthethweni nophumelelayo. Ukuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi kubhekwa njengesici esiyinhloko sentando yeningi, ngomqondo wokusebenza kwezikhulu zezombangazwe zisebenza zodwa ngaphandle kokuthatha iqhaza elishaqisayo kubantu. Kodwa izinga lokuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi ezimisweni nasemazingeni ahlukene kahulumeni.
Isizathu Sokuba Izakhamuzi Zihlanganyele Ezindabeni
Ukuhlanganyela okungahlangene futhi okunethonya akuzuzisi inqubo yokwenza imithetho ngokuhlanganisa imibono ehlukene nokusebenzisa ulwazi oluhlangene, kodwa futhi kuqinisa ukuqonda komphakathi ngemiphumela, kukhuthaza ukuthatha imithetho, futhi kuqinisa ukwethemba ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi. Uma izakhamuzi zihlanganyela ngokunenjongo ezinqumweni zezimiso, kuvela izinzuzo eziningi kubo bobabili uhulumeni nomphakathi.
Ukuthatha isinyathelo kwenza uhulumeni akwazi kangcono ukuzwa ngezidingo zomphakathi namathemba, okusiza ekuthuthukiseni imigomo esekelwe kakhulu kanye nemithunywa futhi ekwenzeni inkonzo ihambisane kakhulu nomphakathi. Lokhu kugeleza kokwaziswa okuthuthukile kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izimiso zixazulule izinkinga zangempela njengoba zibhekene nalabo abathintekile, kunokuba kube nezinkinga ezicatshangelwa abenzi bezimiso ezikude.
Ukuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi kungathuthukisa izinqumo ezenziwa ngokusungula imibono emisha nokwenza izinkonzo zomphakathi zibe nemibono ehlukahlukene, ulwazi lwendawo, nezisombululo ezingafani abasunguli bezimiso nabaphathi abangochwepheshe abangazicabangela.
Ukuhlanganyela kunezela ekuqondeni okucace ngokwengeziwe futhi okunesibopho sokulandisa ngezinqubo zokwenza izinqumo, futhi ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo kwezindlela zokuhlanganyela kuyosekela izakhamuzi ukuba ziqaphele ubunzima nezingqinamba ezihlobene nenqubo yokuphatha, zisungule izimiso zomphakathi endaweni ezungezile exoxisanayo futhi zihlakulele umuzwa wokuba nomthwalo wemfanelo. Lapho izakhamuzi ziqonda ukuthi imingcele nezenzo zokuhweba ezihilelekile ezinqumweni zesimiso, ziba nengqondo ngokwengeziwe ekulindeleni kwazo futhi zisekele kakhulu ekukhetheni okudingekile kodwa okunzima.
Ukuhlanganyela Kwesizwe Samanje
Naphezu kokubaluleka okuqashelwe kokuhlanganyela esabelweni somphakathi, kunegebe elikhulu phakathi kwendlela engcono nengokoqobo. Bambalwa abantu abawabona amathuba okuhlanganyela ekwenzeni izimiso, okunamaphesenti angu-38 kuphela ezakhamuzi ekuhlolweni kwamazwe e-OECD alindele ukuthi uhulumeni wabo ungayithuthukisa inkonzo engafanele noma usebenzise umqondo omusha, futhi abantu abangamaphesenti angu-30 kuphela abanomuzwa wokuthi bangathola igalelo kulokho uhulumeni okwenzayo.
Ukukhuthaza ukuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi ngenkuthalo ekwenzeni izinqubo nokwenza izinqumo ezibonisayo kuvame ukuphumelela kakhulu endaweni, futhi cishe abantu abangamaphesenti angu-41 emazweni e-OECD bakholelwa ukuthi bangathatha iphetho ezinqumweni zomphakathi ezithinta indawo yabo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi nakuba ukuthatha igalelo lezwe lingase libonakale likude noma lingasebenzi ezakhamuzini eziningi, ukubusa kwendawo kunikeza amathuba afinyelelekayo okuthembisana okunenjongo.
Nokho, ngisho noma amathuba okuhlanganyela ekhona, kusekhona izinselele. Cishe izikhulu zikamasipala ezintathu kweziyishumi zazwakalisa ukunganeliseki ngesilinganiso sokuthembisana komphakathi emadolobheni azo, futhi amaphesenti angu - 53 abika ukuthi izinqubo zokuthembisana komphakathi ziveza imiphumela ewusizo kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile. Lokhu kuveza ukungezwani phakathi kwethuba kanye nobuqiniso bokuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi kuqokomisa isidingo sezindlela eziphumelela ngokwengeziwe zokuthembisana kanye nokuzinikela okunamandla kakhulu kokubili ezikhulwini zikahulumeni nasezakhamuzini.
Indlela Izinqumo Ezinqunywayo Ezikuthinta Ngayo Ukuphila Kwakho Kwansuku Zonke
Ukuze uqonde ukubaluleka kokuhileleka ezinqumweni ezinqunywayo, kuyasiza ukuqaphela izindlela eziningi ezithonya okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kwansuku zonke.
Imiphumela Engokomnotho Nengokwezimali
Imithetho yentela inquma ukuthi uyigcina kangakanani iholo lakho nokuthi inzuzo kahulumeni iqoqwa kanjani. Lezi zinqumo zithinta iholo lakho lokuthatha ikhaya, izindleko zezimpahla nezinkonzo ozithengayo, kanye nokubaluleka kokutshala imali. Izimiso zezisebenzi zimisa iholo elilinganiselwe, izindinganiso zokuphepha emsebenzini, izimfuneko ezithengwa kakhulu, nezivikelo zokulwa nobandlululo. Izimiso zokuthuthukisa izomnotho zithonya ukutholakala komsebenzi emphakathini wakini, izinhlobo zezimboni ezithola indawo eseduze, kanye nomnotho wesifunda sakho sonke.
Izimiso zemali zivikela abathengi ekubolekiseni, ziqinisekise ukulondeka kwezimiso zamabhange, futhi zimise imithetho yokubika izikweletu nezikweleti. Izimiso zezindlu zithinta ukutholakala nokukhokha kwezindlu, izinga lezakhiwo zokuqasha, kanye nokuzinza kwezindawo. Zonke lezi zindawo zithinta ngokuqondile ukulondeka kwezomnotho namathuba okuthuthuka.
Impilo Nokulondeka
Izimiso zokunakekela impilo zinquma ukuthi yiziphi izinkonzo zempilo ezihlanganiswa nomshuwalense, okwazi ukunakekelwa, nokuthi ukhokhelwa malini ukuze welashwe. Izimiso zezempilo zomphakathi zimisa izimfuneko zokugoma, zilawula ukuphepha kokudla, zilawule izifo ezithathelwanayo, futhi zithuthukise ukuziphatha okunempilo. Izimiso zendawo ezungezile zithinta izinga lomoya owuphefumulayo, amanzi owaphuzayo, kanye nokuphepha kwendawo ohlala kuyo futhi usebenze kuyo.
Izimiso zokuhamba zithonya indlela osebenza ngayo, ukuphepha kwemigwaqo nokuthutha komphakathi, kanye nokutholakala kwezinto zokuhamba. Izimiso zokwakha nezimiso zokwakha zithinta ukuphepha nohlobo lwezakhiwo emphakathini wakini. Izimiso zokuvikela imikhiqizo zimisa izindinganiso zokuphepha, zidinga ukubizwa ngokunembile, futhi zinikeza ukutholakala lapho imikhiqizo ibangela umonakalo.
Imfundo Nezinkonzo Zomphakathi
Izimiso zemfundo zihlela izinga lezikole emphakathini wakini, uhlelo lwezifundo izingane zakho ezifunda ngalo, izimfanelo zothisha, nemithombo ekhona yokufunda. Izimiso zemfundo ephakeme zithinta izindleko nokutholakala kwamakolishi namayunivesithi, ukutholakala kosizo lwemali, nomthetho wezinhlangano zemfundo ezingenisa inzuzo.
Izimiso zenkonzo yomphakathi zinquma ukuthi lukhona usizo olunjani kulabo ababhekene nobunzima, kuhlanganise nezinzuzo zokuswelakala kwemisebenzi, usizo lokudla, ukusekela izindlu, nokusekela izingane. Imithetho ethinta imikhaya nezindawo zokunakekela izingane ezisekela ikhefu labazali, isivikelo senhlala - kahle yabantwana, kanye nezinkonzo zokusekela abantu abadala abasengozini.
Umphakathi Nendlela Yokuphila Ephambili
Ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso zendawo ezungezile nokuhlelwa kwezindawo kulololonga ukwakheka komphakathi, ukunquma ukuthi hlobo luni lwentuthuko oluvunyelwe, lapho amabhizinisi angathola khona, nokuthi izindawo zomphakathi ziklanywa futhi zigcinwe khona. Amapaki nezimiso zokuzilibazisa zithinta ukutholakala kwezindawo eziluhlaza, izakhiwo zokuzijabulisa, nezindawo zokuzilibazisa. Izimiso zokuhlelwa kwezindawo zinquma izinga lemigwaqo, amabhuloho, izimiso zamanzi, neminye imisebenzi yomphakathi ebalulekile.
Izimiso zobulungisa zobugebengu zithinta ukulondeka komphakathi, ukulunga komthetho, nokuphatha labo abamangalelwa noma ababoshelwe ubugebengu. Izimiso zamalungelo zomphakathi zivikela ekucwaseni futhi ziqinisekisa ukuvunyelwa okulinganayo kwamathuba kungakhathaliseki uhlanga, ubulili, inkolo, ukukhubazeka, noma ezinye izici.
Indima Yakho Ekushintsheni Izinqumo Zesimiso
Ukuqonda indlela izimiso ezikuthinta ngayo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuqaphela ukuthi unamandla okuthonya lezinqumo. Ukubusa kwentando yeningi kuxhomeke ekuhlanganyeleni kwesakhamuzi okumatasa, futhi kunezindlela eziningi ongenza ngazo ukuba izwi lakho lizwakale kulenqubo.
Ukudlala: Isisekelo Sokuhlanganyela Kwentando Yeningi
Ukuqasha okhethweni kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu izakhamuzi ezithonya ngayo umthetho. Uma uvota, awukhethi nje abantu ukuba bakumelelele wena . futhi uveza izinqumo ezithandwayo ngeziqondiso zenqubo kanye nezinto eziza kuqala. Ukukhetha kuzo zonke izigaba, kusukela ebhodini lesikole nasemijahweni yemikhandlu yedolobha ukumisa imincintiswano yemithetho neyobukhomanisi kukhetho lwe-guberna nolwe-presional.
Ukuvota ngokuphumelelayo, kubalulekile ukuba ucwaninge izikhundla zabazohlolwa ezindabeni ezibalulekile kuwe, uqonde inqubo ethinta izinyathelo zokuvota, futhi ucabangele indlela izinqumo zezikhulu ezikhethiwe eziyowuthinta ngayo umphakathi wakini. Ukunikeza amavoti ayinhloko kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba le mincintiswano inquma ukuthi yiziphi izikhundla zabazobhapathizwa kanye nezimiso ezikwenza kukhetho oluvamile.
Ngaphandle kokuzifaka ivoti yakho, ungakhuthaza abanye ukuba bavote, bazivotele ngokuzithandela, baqinisekise ukuthi okhetho luyatholakala futhi alunabulungisa, futhi basekele imizamo yokwandisa ukuhlanganyela komphakathi emphakathini wakini.
Ukuxhumana Nezikhulu Eziqashelwe
Abameleli bakho abakhethiwe bayakusebenzela, futhi kudingeka bezwe kubantu abazimele ukuze baqonde izinto zomphakathi nezinto eziza kuqala. Ukuxhumana nabameleli bakho kungenye yezindlela eziqondile zokuthonya izinqumo zezimiso. Ungafinyelela izikhulu kunoma iliphi izinga likahulumeni (izikhulu zomkhandlu wendawo, izikhulu zesifundazwe, izishayamthetho, ababusi, amalungu eSishaya-mthetho, ngisho noMongameli.
Ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo nezikhulu ezikhethiwe kuhilela ukuveza ngokucacile ukuma kwakho endabeni ethile, ukuchaza ukuthi ikuthinta kanjani wena nomphakathi wakho, ukunikeza izibonelo ezithile noma izindaba zomuntu siqu ezibonisa ithonya, futhi wenze isicelo esicacile sesenzo. Uma ubhala izincwadi, ukuthumela ama-imeyili, shayela ucingo, noma hlela ngemibuthano yakho, izindaba ezifakiweyo. Izikhulu nezisebenzi zazo zixoxa ngezindlela ezizoxhumana futhi zizicabangele lapho zenza izinqumo.
Ukulungisa izindaba lapho uthintana nezikhulu. Ukuzama ukusingatha isikweleti lapho kucatshangelwa ekomitini noma phambi kwevoti enkulu kungaba ngcono kakhulu. Ukulandela ukuxhumana kokuqala kubonisa isithakazelo esiqinile nesibopho empikiswaneni. Ukwakha ubuhlobo obuqhubekayo nabameleli nezisebenzi zabo kungathuthukisa ithonya lakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuhlanganyela Emihlanganweni Yeningi Nasezindlebeni
Izindikimba zikahulumeni kuwo wonke amazinga ziqhuba imihlangano yomphakathi lapho izakhamuzi zingaqaphela khona izinqubo zokwenza izinqumo futhi zivame ukunikeza ukufakwa. Imihlangano yomkhandlu wedolobha, izikhawu zesifunda, imihlangano yebhodi yesikole, ukuhlelwa kwekhomishane yokuqulwa kwecala, kanye nokuqulwa kwemithetho konke kunikeza amathuba okuhlanganyela ezakhamuzini.
Ukulungiselela amazwi kusengaphambili, ukuhlala ulinganisela, ukunikeza imibono yakho ngenhlonipho kodwa uqine ekuvezeni imibono yakho, nokulandela izinto ezibhaliwe kungenza ukuhlanganyela kwakho kuphumelele ngokwengeziwe.
Umphakathi ofaka imibandela ethile enqunyweni ethile unikeza amathuba abaluleke kakhulu okuthola ulwazi. Izimo eziphuthumayo zivame ukuqula amacala lapho kusungulwa imithetho emisha, lapho kucatshangelwa imisebenzi emikhulu, noma lapho kwenziwa izinguquko ezinkulu. Ubufakazi bakho ngalokhu kuqulwa kwamacala buba yingxenye yerekhodi elingokomthetho futhi kumelwe bucatshangelwe enqubweni yokwenza izinqumo.
Ukuhlanganyela Ezinqubweni Zokuphendula Obala
Izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni kufuneka ukuba zicele ukukhulumela umphakathi ngaphambi kokuba zisebenzise imithetho emisha noma izinqubo. Le nkathi yokukhulumela inikeza amathuba angokomthetho ezakhamuzi ukuba zibukeze imithetho ehlongozwayo, zinikeze impendulo, zisikisele, futhi ziphakamise izinto ezikhathazayo. Izimpendulo ezinikezwa phakathi nalezikhathi kumelwe zibukezwe futhi zicatshangelwe yi-iquara, futhi izinkulumo ezicatshangelwe zingaholela ezinguqulweni ezinkulu ezihlongozwayo.
Ukuze uhlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo ezinqubweni zokukhulumela komphakathi, kufanele ubukeze ngokucophelela umthetho noma inkambiso ehlongozwayo, uqonde imibuzo noma izindaba eziqondile inkampani efuna kuzo ukwaziswa, unikeze izimpendulo eziningiliziwe nezincane kunokumane unikeze ukusekela noma ukuphikiswa okuvamile, unikeze ubufakazi noma ubuchwepheshe uma kungenzeka, futhi unikeze izimpendulo ngaphambi kosuku olumisiwe.
Amawebhusayithi kahulumeni anikeza ukwaziswa okuphathelene nezikhathi zokuphendula ezivulekile, futhi izinhlangano ezigxile ezindaweni ezithile ezingokomthetho zivame ukuqaphelisa amalungu azo ngamathuba abalulekile okuthola ukwaziswa komphakathi. Ukusebenzisa leminyango esemthethweni kuqinisekisa ukuthi izwi lakho liyazwakala futhi libhalwe enqubweni yokuthuthukisa isimiso.
Ukuhlanganyela Noma Ukusekela Izinhlangano Zobushiqela
Izinhlangano ezisekela izimbangela zokukhathalela kwakho zihlanganisa ithonya lakho futhi zikuxhumanise nabanye abakukhathazayo. Lezi zinhlangano zingagxila ezindabeni ezithile ezinjengokuvikela indawo ezungezile, inguquko yemfundo, ukukwazi ukufinyelela impilo, noma amalungelo omphakathi, noma zingasebenzela ekukhathaleleni umphakathi.
Izinhlangano ezilawulayo zihlanganyela emisebenzini eminingi ethonya isimiso, kuhlanganise nokucwaninga izindaba nokusungula iziphakamiso, ukugqugquzela izikhulu ezikhethiwe nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, ukunxusa amalungu ukuba athintane nabameleli noma ahlanganyele ezindlebeni, ukuqulisa amacala ukuze aphikise noma avikele izimiso, ukuqhuba imikhankaso yemfundo yomphakathi, nokwakha imifelano nezinye izinhlangano.
Ungayisekela le mizamo ngokufaka izimali ezihambisana namalungu, iminikelo, ukuzinikela ngesikhathi sakho namakhono, uhlanganyele emikhankasweni nasekwenzeni izenzakalo, futhi uhlanganyele ukwaziswa nezimiso zakho. Ngisho noma ungakwazi ukuhileleka ngokujulile, izinhlangano ezisekela lo msebenzi owenza isikhathi esigcwele zihlanganisa ithonya lakho ngaphezu kwalokho ongakwenza wedwa.
Ukuhlanganyela Ezinhlanganweni Nezinyathelo Zokuthatha Isinyathelo
Izinhlangano zomphakathi, izinhlangano zomphakathi, izinhlangano zabafundisi-bazali, namaqembu omphakathi anikeza izindawo zokuthola izinkinga, ukusungula amakhambi, nokukhuthaza ushintsho. Lezi zinhlangano zivame ukuhlobana kakhulu nabenzi besinqumo bendawo futhi zingawahlomisa ngokunempumelelo amalungu omphakathi ukuba ahlanganyele izinkathazo.
Ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuthatha isinyathelo somphakathi kukusiza ukuba uqonde izindaba zendawo ngokujule ngokwengeziwe, wakhe ubuhlobo nomakhelwane nabaholi bomphakathi, uthuthukise amakhono okuhlela nokuqapha, futhi wenze ushintsho endaweni lapho ungabona khona imiphumela eqondile. Izinguquko eziningi zezimiso eziphumelelayo ziqala ngokuhlela izinga lomphakathi elibonisa isidingo sesenzo futhi lakhe ukusekela amakhambi.
Ukusebenzisa Imithombo Yezindaba Nezinsalela Zomphakathi
Imithombo yezindaba ithonya ukuthi obani abathola ukunakwa nokuthi bafakwa kanjani enkulumweni yeningi. Ungafaka igalelo kule nqubo ngokubhalela umhleli wamaphephandaba endawo izincwadi, ungenisa i-op opera noma izimenywa, ungena ezinhlelweni zenkulumo yomsakazo, uhlanganyela ezinhlalweni zomphakathi, futhi usebenzisa imithombo yezindaba yomphakathi ukuze ukhulise ukuqaphela nokukhuthaza ukusekela.
Amasiteshi ezokuxhumana anikeza amathuluzi anamandla okuhlela, ukuxoxa, nokwakha ama-plugit ukuze ufundise abanye ngezindaba ezikhona. Ungasebenzisa la mapulatifomu ukufundisa abanye ngezindaba, uhlanganyele amathuba okuhlanganyela, ukuhlanganisa izenzo zomphakathi, futhi ubeke izikhulu icala. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukwaziswa ngaphambi kokuba uxoxe ngakho, uhileleke ngenhlonipho ngisho nalapho ungavumelani, futhi uphelelisa ukuthatha isinyathelo sobuphikisi nge-intanethi.
Ukwakha ubuhlobo nezintatheli ezisingatha izindaba ezikukhathazayo, ukuzinikeza ukwaziswa nemibono, nokusabela ezicelweni zazo zokuthola ukwaziswa kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi kunezimo ezibalulekile ezihilelekile ezindabeni.
Indlela Entsha Yokuhlanganyela Ezakhamuzini
Ngaphandle kwezindlela ezivamile zokuhlanganyela, kuvela izindlela ezintsha ezidala amathuba amasha ezakhamuzi ukuba zenze isimiso. Lezi zindlela zihloselwe ukusingatha ezinye zezindlela ezivamile zokuthatha isinyathelo futhi zihlanganise amazwi ahlukene ekwenzeni izinqumo.
Imihlangano Yentando Yeningi Nezakhamuzi Ezimele
Igagasi elidelelayo belilokhu landa, lihlanganisa amazwe angu - 34 anamacala angu - 96% angaphakathi kwamalungu e - OECD, nangokuvumela izinqumo zomphakathi kunokuba zibonwe umphakathi, izinqubo zokuzinqumela zingaholela emiphumeleni engcono yezimiso nalapho kwenziwa ngokuphumelelayo kungenza abenzi bezimiso bakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinzima ezibucayi nasezinkingeni ezibanga ukungenwa yizingxabano kuyilapho ukuthembana kukhula.
Njengoba isekelwe emsebenzini osekelwe ebufakazini, ummeleli okhethwe ngokuzenzekela kodwa omelele ububanzi bomphakathi uthatha inqubo ekhululekile yokunikeza ukutusa kokukhetha izindikimba kuzo zonke izinto kusukela ekushintsheni kwezombangazwe kuya ekushintsheni isimo sezulu, futhi nakuba imihlangano yezakhamuzi ingavumeli umsebenzi wokwehlukanisa osakazekile, inikeza inqubo ephumelelayo kubantu abamelela ukuhlangana.
Abahlanganyeli bayakwazi ukubhekana nokungezwani futhi bafinyelele ezinqumweni ezimelela izigodlo ezibanzi zomphakathi ngokuvamile ezisekela ukushintshwa kwezimiso ezindabeni ezingezwakali ngaphambili, ezibonisa amandla okuzicabangela komphakathi okuphumelelayo ukuze kuxazululwe izindaba eziphuthumayo, ngezibonelo ezihlanganisa i - Ireland lapho imihlangano yezakhamuzi yakha indlela yokuthola iziqu zesizwe ezaholela oshintsho olungokomthetho kokubili emshadweni wongqingili nasekukhipheni isisu.
Ukusetshenziswa Kohlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali
Ukuhlanganyela ekuhleleni imali kunikeza amalungu omphakathi amandla okwenza izinqumo ngokuqondile mayelana nendlela ingxenye yemali yomphakathi esetshenziswa ngayo. Le nqubo ihilela amalungu omphakathi afaka imisebenzi, amakomiti okuzithandela asungula iziphakamiso ezinemininingwane, nezakhamuzi ezivota lapho izinhlelo zokuxhasa. Ukuhlanganyela ekuhleleni imali kuye kwasetshenziswa emadolobheni emhlabeni wonke futhi kuye kwabonakala kuphumelela ekuhlanganyeleni nezakhamuzi ezingahlanganyeli ezinqubeni zezesizwe ezingokwesiko.
Lendlela inikeza imiphumela esobala abathathi-nxaxheba abangayibona emiphakathini yabo, bafundisa ngemithetho evimbelayo yokusetshenziswa kwemali kanye nemisebenzi, bakha amakhono omphakathi nokuthembisana, futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa komphakathi kubonakalisa izinto eziza kuqala emphakathini. Nakuba uhlelo lokuhlela uhlelo lokuhlela luvame ukuhlanganisa ingxenye encane yemali ephelele kahulumeni, kubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba isakhamuzi sihileleke ngokuqondile ezinqumweni ezinikezwa imithombo yemisebenzi.
Amathuluzi Okuhlanganyela Ngezinombolo
Ubuchwepheshe bunikeza amathuba amasha okuthuthukisa izinga lokuhlanganyela komphakathi nokusabela nokulandisa kohulumeni. Amapulatifomu amanani angasiza ekuhloleni i-intanethi, iziphakamiso namakhambi, avumela amahholo akhona kanye nemihlangano yamadolobha, anikeze ukwaziswa okufinyelelekayo ngezihlongozo zezimiso, futhi avumele izakhamuzi ukuba zilandele isimo sezindaba ezizikhathalelayo.
La mathuluzi anganciphisa izithiyo zokuhlanganyela ngokuvumela abantu ukuba bahlanganyele ngezikhathi nangezindlela ezivumelana nezimiso zabo, bafinyelele abantu abangase bangabe khona emihlanganweni efuna ukufakwa ezingeni elihlukene, futhi banikeze iziteshi eziningi zokufaka. Nokho, ukuthatha isinyathelo ngobuchwepheshe kubangela ukukhathazeka ngokuhlukanisa amanani, izinga lokucabanga nge - Internet, ukuqashelwa kwezindaba zomuntu siqu kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-website inikezwa isisindo esifanele ekwenzeni izinqumo.
Ukunqoba Izithiyo Zokuhlanganyela Ngokuphumelelayo
Naphezu kokubaluleka kokuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi nezindlela eziningi ezitholakalayo zokuthembisana, imingcele ephawulekayo ivimbela abantu abaningi ukuba bahlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo ezinqubweni zezimiso.
Isikhathi Nemithombo Yezinto Esilinganiselwe
Abantu abaningi bakuthola kunzima ukuthola isikhathi sokuhlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi lapho benakekela umsebenzi, umkhaya, neminye imithwalo yemfanelo. Imihlangano yomphakathi ivame ukwenzeka phakathi namahora omsebenzi noma ngezikhathi ezingqubuzana nokunakekela izingane noma ezinye izibopho. Ukuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo kungadinga ukucwaninga, ukuhambela izindawo zokuhlangana, kanye nokuthembisana okuqhubekayo phakathi nesikhathi esithengwa yimithombo okungekhona wonke umuntu.
Ukusingatha lemingcele kudinga ukuba ukuhlanganyela kutholakale ngokwengeziwe ngezikhathi zemihlangano ezivumelana nezimo, izindlela zokuhlanganyela ngokoqobo, ukunakekela izingane emihlanganweni yasobala, isinxephezelo sesikhathi esichithwa ezinqubweni ezijulile zokuhlanganyela, nokwaziswa okucacile, okufinyelelekayo okungadingi ukucwaninga okukhulu ukuze kuqondwe.
Ukwaziswa Negebe Lolwazi
Izindaba zemithetho zingaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi zibe nobuchwepheshe, futhi izinqubo zikahulumeni zivame ukudida labo abangajwayelene nazo. Abantu abaningi abakwazi ukuthola ukwaziswa okuphathelene nezihlongozo zenqubo, isikhathi nendlela yokunikeza umfakela, noma ukuthi kungaba naliphi ithonya ekuthatheni kwabo iqhaza. Lokhu kungabi nalwazi kubangela isithiyo esikhulu ekuthembiseni okuphumelelayo.
Ohulumeni bangakusingatha lokhu ngokunikeza ukwaziswa okucacile, okufinyelelekayo ngezihlongozo zesimiso namathuba okuhlanganyela, benikeza ingcebo yemfundo ngezinqubo ezingokomthetho, besebenzisa ulimi olulula kunokuba bakhulume ngobuchwepheshe, futhi bezama ukufinyelela imiphakathi ngokuzikhandla kunokuba balindele ukuba ifune ukwaziswa.
Ukungabaza Nokungathembani
Abantu abaningi bayangabaza ukuthi ukuhlanganyela kwabo kungenza umehluko. Kungenzeka ukuthi baba nokuhlangenwe nakho okubi nezinqubo ezibonakala ziklanyelwe ukuhlola ibhokisi kunokuba zifune ukwaziswa okuqotho, noma bangase bakholelwe ukuthi izinqumo zenziwa ngemuva kweminyango evalekile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umphakathi ufakazelwe. Lokhu kungabaza kungaba isiprofetho esizigcwalisayo, njengoba ukuhlanganyela okuncane kugcizelela umbono wokuthi ukufakwa kwezakhamuzi akunandaba.
Ukuthola kubonisa ukuthi ukuzimisela kweqembu eliphethe lenqubo kunganciphisa ukungaqiniseki kwezakhamuzi ngokubaluleka kokuhileleka kwazo futhi kuzenze zikwazi ukwenza izinqumo zibe lula nokwaneliseka. Ukwakha ukuthemba kudinga ukubonisa ukuthi ukufakwa kucatshangelwa ngempela, kuchaza indlela ukukhulumela komphakathi okuthonya ngayo izinqumo, ukulandela izibopho ezenziwa phakathi nezinqubo zokuhlanganyela, nokuba sobala ngokuvimbela nokudayisa.
Izinkinga Zokwakha Nezimiso Zokwakha
Imihlangano ingase ingatholakali kubantu abakhubazekile, izinto ezisetshenziswa yimalungu omphakathi, futhi ezinye izakhamuzi zingase zesabe ukuthi ukuhlanganyela ekuhlanganyeleni kuyoba nemiphumela emibi.
Ukuhlanganyela ngempela ekuhlanganyeleni okuhlanganisa abantu abaningi kudinga ukuzikhandla ukuze ususe lezi zithiyo ngezinkonzo zokufinyelela ulimi, izindawo zokuhlangana namafomethi, ukufinyelela imiphakathi engafinyeleleki, ukuvikela abahlanganyelayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bahlala kuphi, nokuqaphela ukuthi imiphakathi ehlukahlukene ingase idinge izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuthembisana.
Amakhono Okwakha Isivumelwano Esiphumelelayo
Ukuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo ezimisweni zenqubo kudinga amakhono athile nolwazi olungakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usanda kuqala ukuhileleka ezicini ezingokwenqubo noma ulindele ukuthuthukisa ithonya lakho, ukugxila ekwakheni lamakhono kuyokwenza ube ummeli ophumelelayo nongahlanganyeli.
Ukuqonda Izakhiwo Nohlelo Lukahulumeni
Ukwazi ukuthi iliphi izinga negatsha likahulumeni elinegunya ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene kukusiza ukuba uqondise imizamo yakho ngokuphumelelayo. Ukuqonda indlela izikweletu eziba ngayo imithetho, indlela ezihlelwa ngayo, nendlela izindikimba zikahulumeni ezihlukene ezisebenzelana ngayo kukwenza ukwazi ukubona amathuba abalulekile okuthola ithonya. Ukufunda ngesimiso sikahulumeni wendawo, izinqubo zomthetho kahulumeni, kanye nokwenza izimiso zikahulumeni kukusiza ukuba ulawule lezi zimiso ngokuphumelelayo.
Imithombo yokwakha lolulwazi ihlanganisa amawebhusayithi kahulumeni nemisebenzi yemfundo, izinhlelo zemfundo yomphakathi nezindawo zokusebenzela, ukuhlanganiswa kwezindaba zezinqubo zikahulumeni, nezingxoxo nabasekeli abanokuhlangenwe nakho nezikhulu. Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza ukuqeqeshwa emakhonweni ombuso nezinqubo zenqubo, futhi abanye ohulumeni banikeza isakhamuzi izikole noma izinhlelo ezifanayo ukuze kufundiswe izakhamuzi ukuthi uhulumeni wendawo usebenza kanjani.
Ukucwaninga Nokuhlaziya Izinkinga Zezimiso Zomthetho
Ukuqapha okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuzwana kwezindaba eziqondeka ngokujulile. Lokhu kusho ukudlulela ngalé kwezihloko eziphambili ukuze uhlole imininingwane yezihlongozo zenqubo, ukuqonda imibono ehlukene endabeni ethile, ukuhlaziya ithonya elingase libe khona kanye nokuhlukanisa ubufakazi obusekela ukuma kwakho. Ukuthuthukisa amakhono okucwaninga kukusiza ukuba uphikise izimpikiswano ezinolwazi futhi uphendule ekuphikisaneni.
Imithombo ewusizo yokucwaninga ngezimiso ihlanganisa imibiko kahulumeni nemininingwane, ukucwaninga kwezemfundo nokuhlaziya kwezimiso, ukubika kwezinhlangano zezindaba ezinedumela elihle, ukwaziswa okuvela ezinhlanganweni zezezombangazwe ezihlukene, nobufakazi nezinto ezivela ezindlebeni zemithetho. Ukufunda ukuhlola imithombo ngokuhluzekile nangokuhlukanisa phakathi kokwaziswa okuyiqiniso nombono kukusiza ukuba wakhe izimpikiswano ezinokwethenjelwa.
Ukukhulumisana Ngokuphumelelayo
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubhalela isikhulu esikhethiwe, ufakaza enkantolo, noma ukhuluma nomakhelwane ngendaba ethile, kubalulekile ukukhulumisana okuphumelelayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuchaza ngokucacile isikhundla sakho nezizathu zaso, ukusebenzisa izibonelo nezindaba ezithile ukuze ufanekise ithonya, uvumelanisa isigijimi sakho nezilaleli ezihlukahlukene, ulalele futhi uqaphele eminye imibono, futhi ulondoloze iphimbo lenhlonipho ngisho nalapho ungavumelani ngokuqinile.
Umkhuba usiza ekuthuthukiseni lamakhono. Qala ngamathuba aphansi njengokubhalela umhleli izincwadi noma ukukhuluma emihlanganweni yomphakathi ngaphambi kokusingatha izilungiselelo ezingokomthetho ezinjengobufakazi bomthetho. Funa impendulo kwabanye futhi ufunde kubasekeli abanolwazi. Khumbula ukuthi ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo kuhilela ukuxhumana nezilaleli zakho, hhayi ukuveza imibono yakho.
Ukwakha Izikhungo Zokuhlangana Nokusebenza Ngokucophelela
Ukushintsha kwenqubo akuvamile umphumela wemizamo yomuntu ngamunye kuphela. Ukwakha imifelandawonye nabanye abahlanganyela imigomo yakho, ukuthola isisekelo esivumelanayo nalabo abangase bangavumelani ngakho konke kodwa bahlanganyele izinjongo ezithile, futhi basebenzele ekusekeleni izinhloso ezihlanganyelwayo kundisa ithonya lakho. Lokhu kudinga amakhono ekwakheni ubuhlobo, ukuxoxisana, nokugxila emigomweni efanayo naphezu kokwehlukana.
Ukwakha ingxube ephumelelayo kuhilela ukuhlukanisa abantu abangase babe abangani kanye nabakanye, ukukhulumisana ngokucacile okuhlanganisa izithakazelo nemigomo, ukuhlonipha izici ezihlukene kanye nezingenelo, ukwehlukanisa imithwalo yemfanelo esekelwe emandleni nasemalini, kanye nokulondoloza ubuhlobo phakathi kwesikhathi. Umthetho ophumelela kakhulu uvela emiphakathini ehlukahlukene ebonisa ukusekela okukhulu ushintsho lwenqubo.
Ukuhlala Unolwazi Futhi Usebenzisa Isikhathi Esiningi
Ukuthembisana okuphumelelayo akuwona umsebenzi wesikhathi esisodwa kodwa isibopho esiqhubekayo. Izinkinga zomthetho zishintsha, kuvela izinselele ezintsha, futhi ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukunaka okuqinile ukuze kufinyelelwe ushintsho olunenjongo. Imikhuba nezimiso zokuthuthukisa ukuhlala unolwazi nokwenza idinga ukubopha kukusiza ukuba ulondoloze ukuhileleka ngaphandle kokunqotshwa.
Ukulandela Umthombo Wezindaba Onokwethenjelwa
Ukuhlala wazi ngentuthuko yezimiso kudinga ukulandelwa imibiko yezindaba evela emithonjeni ethembekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izindawo zezindaba zendawo ezihlanganisa umphakathi wakho nohulumeni wendawo, izinhlangano zezindaba zombuso nezwe, izincwadi ezikhethekile ezigxile ezicini ezingokwezimiso ozikhathalelayo, nemithombo kahulumeni enikeza ukwaziswa okuqondile ngezihlongozo zezimiso nezinqumo.
Ukuthuthukisa amakhono okufunda emithombo yezindaba kukusiza ukuba uhlole ukuthembeka kwemithombo yezindaba, uhlukanise phakathi kokubika kwezindaba nombono, uqaphele ubandlululo nokubhala izinto ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, futhi ufune izincazelo ezihlukahlukene. Ukulandela imithombo ehlukahlukene nokuqhathanisa izenzakalo ezifanayo kukusiza ukuba uqonde izindaba ngokugcwele.
Ukuhlolwa Kwemisebenzi Kahulumeni
Ohulumeni abaningi banikeza amathuluzi okulandela imithetho, imithetho, nezinye izinhlelo. Amawebhusayithi okulandelela ama-akhawunti akuvumela ukuba ulandele izikweletu, ubheke amarekhodi okuvota, futhi uthole izixwayiso ngezindaba ozihlolayo. Amawebhusayithi e-Agency anyathelisa iziqondiso ezihlongozwayo, izimiso zomhlangano, namathuba okunikeza impendulo yomphakathi. Izinhlu zeposi nama-akhawunti ezindaba ezingosini zikahulumeni kanye nezikhulu ezikhethiwe zinikeza izinguquko emisebenzini yazo.
Ukumisa izinhlelo zokuhlola izindaba ozikhathalelayo ngo-(noma iziphi izixwayiso zikahulumeni, izindaba zinika ukudla, noma uhlaziyiwe kwenhlangano) kuhlala kuzaziwe ngaphandle komzamo oqhubekayo. Ukugxila emananini elilawulekayo lezindaba eziza kuqala kuvimbela ukuminyana kolwazi kuyilapho kuqinisekisa ukuthi awulahlekelwa izenzakalo ezibalulekile.
Ukuxhumana nenethiwekhi neMiphakathi
Ukuhlanganyela nabanye abakuthandayo nabakhathalela njengawe kunikeza ukusekela, ukwaziswa namathuba okubambisana, lokhu kungase kuhlanganise nokuzihlanganisa nezinhlangano ezigxile ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo, ukuhlanganyela emiphakathini nasemiphakathini ekhuluma nge - Internet, ukuya emihlanganweni nasemicimbini, nokwakha ubuhlobo nomakhelwane nabanye abantu.
Lokhu kuxhumana kukusiza ukuba uhlale ushukunyisiwe, ufunde kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye, uhlanganyele emsebenzini wokuhlola nokuthatha isinyathelo ezimisweni, futhi wakhe ubuhlobo obudingekayo ukuze usebenzele ndawonye ngokuphumelelayo. Kunikeza futhi ukusekela komphakathi kanye nomuzwa womphakathi ngezindinganiso kanye nemigomo ehlanganyelwe.
Izindlela Eziwusizo Zokuhileleka Namuhla
Kubalulekile ukuqonda inqubo nokubaluleka kokuhlanganyela, kodwa ukuthatha isinyathelo yikho okubangela ushintsho. Nazi izinyathelo eziqinile ongazithatha ukuze uqale noma ujulise ukuthembisana ngezinqumo ezinqunywayo ezithinta ukuphila kwakho.
Qala indawo
Izinqumo zikahulumeni wendawo zivame ukukuthinta ngokuqondile ukuphila kwakho kwansuku zonke, futhi izikhulu zendawo zingeneka kakhulu kunabameleli bakahulumeni. Yibani nomhlangano wesigele sedolobha noma wesifunda ukuze kuqashelwe ukuthi izinqumo zenziwa kanjani. Bukeza ingosi kahulumeni wakini ukuze ufunde ngezindaba zamanje nezinqumo ezizayo. Zisayine ukuze uqhubeke uthola ulwazi nge-imeyili edolobheni lakho noma esifundeni sakho ukuze uhlale waziswe ngamathuba okufaka.
Yazi into eyodwa yendawo ebaluleke kuwe, noma kuyinto ehlongozwayo, isimiso sesikole, ukubeka imali kuqala, noma umsebenzi womphakathi (*) futhi ufunde okwengeziwe ngayo. Thola ukuthi ubani onegunya lokwenza izinqumo, lapho kuzakuthathwa khona izinqumo, nokuthi unganikeza kanjani umfakela. Ukuthatha isinyathelo kwenye indaba yangakini kukusiza ukuba wakhe amakhono nokuqiniseka ukuze uqinise isithembiso esibanzi.
Yazi Abameleli Bakho
Thola ukuthi ubani okumelelayo kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni(isikhulu somkhandlu, ikhomishane yesifundazwe, ibhodi yesikole, isishaya-mthetho sezwe, isishaya-mthetho, isiKhomishane nezinye izindikimba ezihlobene. Funda ngezimo zabo ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo, amarekhodi abo okuvota, nendlela yokuxhumana nabo. Zilandeleni ezokuxhumana futhi zisayine ukuba zihlale zinolwazi ngemisebenzi yazo.
Kwethula kubameleli bakho noma izisebenzi zabo. Akudingeki ulinde umagazini othile okhethekile − ukumisa ubuhlobo ngaphambi kokuba udinge okuthile kwenza ukuxhumana okuzayo kuphumelele kakhulu. Yiba khona emahholo edolobha noma emahhovisi lapho abameleli besendaweni yakini. Lokhu kuxhumana kukwenza ube umsizi owaziwayo ofaka isici esisinda kakhulu.
Thatha Isinyathelo Sinye Kulelisonto
Kungase kube ukubhalela isikhulu esikhethiwe ngendaba oyikhathalelayo, ukuya emhlanganweni wasobala, ukusayina izixwayiso ngenqubo ethile emkhakheni othakazelisayo, ukujoyina inhlangano esebenza ezindabeni ozisekelayo, noma ukuxoxa nomakhelwane ngendaba yomphakathi.
Kuqala ngezenzo ezincane, ezilawulekayo kubangela amandla nokuzethemba. Akudingeki ube umshisekeli wesikhathi esigcwele ukuze wenze umehluko(-"ukuhlosa, ukugxila ezintweni ozikhathalelayo kungaba nethonya elikhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Yakha Umkhuba Wokuhlanganyela Isivumelwano
Ukuthembisana komphakathi okunesisekelo kuvela emikhubeni yokwakha kunokuthembela ekuxazululeni imisebenzi okungalindelekile. Beka eceleni isikhathi esivamile (hhayi imizuzu engu-30 kuphela ngesonto) ukuhlala waziwa ngezindaba zenqubo futhi wenze okuthile. Lokhu kungahlanganisa ukufunda izindaba ngezenzakalo zenqubo, ukulandelela umthetho noma imithetho, ukuxhumana nabameleli, noma ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yenhlangano.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le mikhuba iyanqwabelana, yakha ulwazi lwakho, yandisa ingosi yakho, futhi yandisa ithonya lakho. Khumbula ukuthi isithembiso somphakathi siyinto enzima, hhayi ukugada.
Imicebo Ebalulekile Ezakhamuzini Ezihlangene
Imithombo eminingi ingakusiza ukuba uhlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo ngezinqubo zenqubo futhi uhlale waziwa ngezindaba ezibalulekile kuwe. Ukusebenzisa kabi lamathuluzi nezinhlangano kuqinisa ithonya lakho futhi kukuhlanganise nezinhlangano ezibanzi zoshintsho.
Imithombo Kahulumeni
Amawebhusayithi kahulumeni kuwo wonke amazinga anikeza ukwaziswa okubalulekile ngezinqubo zenqubo, izimpikiswano zamanje, namathuba okuhlanganyela. USA.gov inikeza ulwazi olubanzi ngezinkonzo zikahulumeni nezinhlelo. Amawebhusayithi kahulumeni nendawo anikeza ukwaziswa ngezinqubo zawo ezithile kanye nezimpikiswano. Amawebhusayithi okulandelela ama-webhsayithi akuvumela ukuba ulandele izikwele futhi ubone indlela abameleli abavota ngayo.
Izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni zigcina uhlu lwezikhokhelo ze-imeyili ukuthi izazisi ngemithetho ehlongozwayo, inkathi yokukhulumela komphakathi, namanye amathuba okufaka. I-Federal Register ikhipha iziqondiso zikahulumeni ezihlongozwayo nezingokokugcina, kuyilapho amanani kahulumeni efeza imisebenzi efanayo kulelo zinga lombuso. Ukusebenzisa le mithombo engokomthetho kuqinisekisa ukuthi unokwaziswa okunembile, okufike ngesikhathi okuvela kubenzi besinqumo ngokuqondile.
Imfundo Nezinhlangano Zokuqeqesha Ezimbaxa - mbili
Izinhlangano zendawo zivame ukuqeqesha amakhono okufundisa, ukuhlaziya izimiso nokuthembisana umphakathi. amakolishi nezinhlelo zemfundo zabantu abadala zingase zibe nezifundo zokuhlanganyela kuhulumeni nakuhulumeni.
Izinhlangano Eziyinkimbinkimbi
Izinhlangano eziningi zisebenzela ezicini ezithile zezimiso, kusukela ekuvikelweni kwendawo ezungezile kuya ekuthuthukiseni imfundo nasekunakekeleni impilo yangaphakathi. Lezi zinhlangano zinikeza ubuchwepheshe, ubufundisi, namathuba okuthembisana ngezindaba ozikhathalelayo. Izinhlangano zokucwaninga ezisebenza ezindabeni zakho eziza kuqala, zihlola izindlela zazo zokuthinta nokuphumelela, futhi zicabangele ukuhlanganyela noma ukusekela labo umsebenzi wabo ovumelana nezindinganiso zakho.
Eziningi zalezi zinhlangano zinikeza izixwayiso zezenzo, imithombo yemfundo, amathuba okuzithandela, nezindlela zokuxhumana nabanye abakhathazeka nawe.
Ikusasa Lezakhamuzi Liyokuhlanganyela Ekwakheni Isimiso
Njengoba imiphakathi ibhekene nezinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu − kusukela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu kuya ekuphazamisekeni kwezesayensi yokuzalanisa kwenani labantu − isidingo sokuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi okuphumelelayo ekwenzeni izimiso siya siba sinzima kakhulu. Uma kunesimo samazinga aphansi okuthembana nokungahlangani nezinhlangano zentando yeningi ezingokwesiko, izakhamuzi zilindele ukuba izinhlangano zomphakathi zibe abameleli bezithakazelo zazo nezidingo zazo, i-OECD imema iziphathimandla zomphakathi kuzo zonke izigaba zikahulumeni ukuba zihlanganise izakhamuzi zansuku zonke ekuxazululeni izinkinga zomphakathi ngokuhileleka nokumelela izindlela ezinjengalezi ezibonisa ukuthathelwa phambili.
Kubalulekile ukusungula izinqubo zokuzihlukanisa nokukhipha imingcele futhi uzihlaziya kangcono ngentando yeningi emelelayo, nezinqubo eziqinile nezihlukanisayo ezikhona njengamaphalamende noma imikhandlu yendawo esiza ekunciphiseni ukungezwani ngentando yeningi emelelwa abamele futhi sisekele ukuqhubekela phambili ekufezeni isinqumo esilawulwa intando yeningi esihlanganisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuhlanganyela ukuze kuhlangane nezinqubo zokukhetha.
Ukwanda kwezindlela ezintsha zokuhlanganyela, ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe obusha bokuthembisana, nokuqaphela okukhulayo ukubaluleka kwemibono ehlukene ekwenzeni inqubo ekhomba ikusasa lapho ukuthatha iqhaza kusemqoka kakhulu ekubuseni. Nokho, ukuqaphela lokhu kudinga ukuzinikela kokubili ezikhulwini zikahulumeni nasezakhamuzini.
Izikhulu kumelwe zakhe amathuba aqotho okuhlanganyela, zibonise ukuthi izindaba ezihilelekile ngokubonisa indlela ezithonya ngayo izinqumo, zifake imali ekwenzeni ukuba ukuhlanganyela kutholakale kuwo wonke amalungu omphakathi, futhi zakhe ukwethembana ngokubonana nangokulandisa. Izakhamuzi kumelwe zihlale zinolwazi ngezindaba ezithinta imiphakathi yazo, zihlanganyele emathubeni akhona okufaka, zigcine izikhulu zinecala ngezinqumo zazo, futhi zisebenze ngokubambisana nabanye ukuze zisekele ushintsho.
Isiphetho: Izwi Lakho Libalulekile
Izinqumo zemithetho zilawula cishe zonke izici zokuphila kwanamuhla, kusukela emoyeni esiwuphefumulela ezikoleni eziya kuzo izingane zethu, kusukela ekulondekeni kwemisebenzi yethu kuya ekulondekeni kwabathatha umhlalaphansi. Lezi zinqumo zenziwa ngezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihilela abadlali abaningi, izigaba, namathonya. Kodwa ekubuseni kwentando yeningi kuyisimiso esilula: labo abathintwa yizinqumo kufanele babe nezwi ekuzenzeni.
Kubalulekile ukuthi umbono wakho nokuhlangenwe nakho kunikeza ukwaziswa okubalulekile okungaholela ezinqumweni ezingcono. Kungenxa yokuthi isenzo somphakathi esihlanganyelwe izakhamuzi singanqoba izithakazelo ezinamandla nezimiso ezigxilile. Kubalulekile ngoba idemokrasi ixhomeke ekuhlanganyeleni ngenkuthalo, hhayi ekuthatheni iqhaza. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi izimiso ezilawula ukuphila kwakho nomphakathi wakho kufanele zibonise izindinganiso zakho, izinto eziza kuqala, nezidingo zakho.
Ukuhlanganyela ezinqumweni ezingokomthetho akudingi ukuba ube umshisekeli wesikhathi esigcwele noma uchwepheshe wezimiso. Kudinga ukuba uhlale wazi izindaba ezikuthintayo, uqonde izinqubo eziyisisekelo ozenza ngazo izinqumo, futhi uthathe isinyathelo lapho amathuba ephakama. Kudinga ukwakha ubuhlobo nabameleli kanye nezakhamuzi ezikanye nazo, uhlakulele amakhono okucwaninga nokukhulumisana, futhi ulondoloze ukuzibophezela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izinselele ezibhekene nemiphakathi yethu nezwe lethu zibalulekile, kodwa futhi kungokufanayo ngekhono lezakhamuzi ukuba zibe nengxenye emaxazululweni. Ngokuqonda indlela izinqumo zezimiso ezenziwa ngayo futhi zihlanganyele ngenkuthalo enqubweni, usiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uhulumeni ukhonza abantu ngempela. Izwi lakho, lihlangene namazwi ezakhamuzi eziboshelwe, linamandla okuhlela izimiso ezibonisa ubulungisa, ezisekelayo, nezichumayo zomphakathi wonke umuntu.
Umbuzo awukhona ukuthi ungenza umehluko yini, ungawenza. Umbuzo uwukuthi uzakukhetha yini ukungenela, ukufunda, ukukhuluma, nokusebenza nabanye ngezinguquko ofuna ukuzibona. Inqubo yenqubo ayikona okuthile okwenzekayo kuwe; kuyinto eyenzekayo kuwe. Izindaba zakho, iphimbo lakho, nezwi lakho libalulekile, futhi ukuthembisana kwakho kungasiza ekudaleni ikusasa olifunayo, umphakathi wakho, nezizukulwane ezizayo.