Ukuqonda Impilo Yomphakathi Nethonya Layo Lasendaweni

Impilo yomphakathi isayensi nobuciko bokuvimbela izifo, ukunwetshwa kokuphila, nokuthuthukisa impilo ngemizamo ehleliwe yomphakathi. Nakuba inkulumo yempilo yomphakathi igxila ezinhlanganweni zesizwe noma zembulunga yonke, izenzo ezisheshayo nezibonakalayo zenzeka ezingeni lendawo. Imisebenzi yohulumeni, ohulumeni bezifunda, nezigodi zezempilo zesifunda yizona ezinikeza impendulo ezimfuno zempilo yabantu abahlala ndawonye. Baklama izimiso, bahlela imithombo yezimali, futhi badlulisele izinhlelo ezihlela ngokuqondile inhlalakahle yezakhamuzi. Ukuqonda indlela ohulumeni bendawo abakhuluma ngayo ngempilo yomphakathi abanikezi nje amandla okungazona nje kuphela ezithunyelelelini zenqubo kodwa futhi baqinisa sonke isimiso sempilo yomphakathi.

Umsebenzi wezempilo womphakathi ophumelelayo wendawo uncike ekuhlolweni, ekuthuthukisweni kwezimiso, nasekuqinisekisweni. Lemisebenzi eyisisekelo, eyasungulwa yi-Institute of Medicine, iqondisa zonke izinqumo ezenziwa imikhandlu yedolobha, amakhomishane esifundazwe, namabhodi ezempilo. Ukuthi lendaba iyisenzakalo esingcolisa amanzi, izinga elikhulayo lesifuba sesifuba sobuntwana, noma igebe ezinkonzo zezempilo zengqondo, ohulumeni bendawo balandela indlela ehlelwe kahle yokuthola izinkinga, ihlola, futhi isebenzise izinguquko. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinhlelo ezithile, izinhlelo, izinhlelo, kanye nezinhlangano ezisiza ohulumeni bendawo ukuba bafeze imithwalo yabo yempilo yomphakathi.

Indima Kahulumeni Wendawo Empilweni Yomphakathi

Ohulumeni bendawo bawumgogodla wezempilo yomphakathi waseMelika. Balawula iminyango yezempilo yomphakathi, baphoqelela imithetho yezokukhucululwa kwendle, baphatha amarekhodi abalulekile, futhi bahlele iziphetho eziphuthumayo. Igunya labo livela ezimisweni zikahulumeni nasezincwadini zomthetho wendawo, ezibanika amandla okuthuthukisa inhlalakahle evamile. Isilinganiso somsebenzi wempilo yomphakathi sibanzi, sifihla konke kusukela ekuhloleni ezitolo zokudlela kuya ekugonyeni imithola - mpilo, nasekuvimbeleni ukusetshenziswa kobuthi obuthi obunomthofu kuya ekuvimbeleni ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi.

Imithwalo yemfanelo eyinhloko yohulumeni bendawo empilweni yomphakathi ihlanganisa:

  • Ukwakha izimiso nezimiso zempilo ezisingatha izingozi nezidingo zendawo
  • Ukuhlola impilo ukuze ubone ukuthi kuvela yini ukuthambekela nomehluko
  • Ukugcwalisa imfundo yezempilo nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa imiphakathi ehlukahlukene
  • Ukuqondisa izimo eziphuthumayo zempilo yomphakathi, kuhlanganise nokuqubuka kwezifo nezinhlekelele zendawo ezungezile
  • Ukubambisana nezinhlangano zomphakathi, izimiso zokunakekela impilo, nezinye izinhlangano ukuze zifinyelele futhi zithole ingcebo

Iminyango eminingi yezempilo yendawo incike naseminyangweni yezempilo yokuzithandela enikeza usizo olulawulayo neyomphakathi. Ukuphumelela kwemizamo yezempilo yendawo kuxhomeke ekuxhaseni izimali eziqhubekayo, ekufuneni ukubusa kwezombangazwe, nasekuholeni okunamandla.

Imikhuba Nemithetho Engokwempilo

Ohulumeni bendawo bakha futhi baqikelele izimiso zempilo ezivikela izakhamuzi ngokuqondile ezingozini ezibonakalayo. Lezizimiso zihlanganisa izindawo eziningi, kuhlanganise nokuphepha kokudla, izinga lamanzi, ukungcola komoya, ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi, nezimo zokuhlala. Ngokwesibonelo, imithetho yamadolobha ingadinga izitolo zokudlela zokuhlola izibalo, ukuvimbela ukubhema emapaki omphakathi, noma ukugunyaza ukuhlola izakhiwo zokuqasha ezakhiwe ngaphambi kuka-1978. Izimiso ezinjalo zivame ukudlula kakhulu kunombuso noma izindinganiso zikahulumeni ngoba zibonisa izinto eziza kuqala nezindinganiso zendawo.

Inqubo yokuthuthukisa izimiso zezempilo ihilela ukuqulwa kwamacala omphakathi, ubufakazi obunolwazi, kanye nokuhlaziywa kokwaziswa. Izikhulu zezempilo zendawo ziveza okutholakele emikhandlwini yamadolobha noma emabhodini esifundazwe, bese zivota ngemithetho ehlongozwayo. Uma sekumisiwe, ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho kufikela abahloli abaqeqeshiwe nabahlali abaqhuba izingxoxo ezivamile, ukudluliswa kwezindaba, futhi uma kudingekile, amabhizinisi aseduze aletha usongo oluseduze. Izikhalo ezinhlengo zezakhamuzi zibangela ukuphenywa okunga “‘ cishe ngemfono efuleni, amagunda esitolo, noma isisekelo sendle endaweni yokudlela eseduze. Le-pulanethilo liyitshe lesivikelo somphakathi.

Izibonelo zezimiso zezempilo eziphumelelayo zendawo zihlanganisa izimfuneko eziphoqelelwe zokugoma ezigunyaziwe ukuze kube khona esikoleni, imingcele yokuncishiswa kwamafutha ekudleni okudla okudlayo, nemithetho yokuhlela evimbela ukuphakama kweziphuzo zotshwala ezindaweni ezigcwele ubugebengu. Ngasinye salezi zinqubo simelela ukungenela okuhloselweyo okunciphisa izifo, ukulimala, noma ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwenani labantu.

Ukuhlolwa Kwempilo

Ukuhlola impilo kuyizinqubo ezihleliwe ezisetshenziswa iminyango yezempilo yendawo ukuqoqa, ukuhlaziya, nokuchaza ukwaziswa ngempilo yomphakathi. Lokhu kuhlola kunikeza incazelo yezinselele zempilo namakhono amanje, futhi kwakha ubufakazi bokuhlelwa kwezinhlelo ezifanelekile. Iminyango eminingi yezempilo yendawo iqhuba i-Community Health Assesss (CHA) njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, ngokuvamile ebudlelwaneni nezibhedlela, amayunivesithi, nezinhlangano ezingazuzisi.

Ukuhlola okuvamile kwempilo kuhlanganisa ukwaziswa okuphathelene nalokhu:

  • Amazinga okufa nokushaqeka ezimbangela eziphambili zokufa
  • Ukwanda kwezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezinjengesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo nomdlavuza
  • Izici eziyingozi ekuziphatheni njengokubhema, ukudla okungenamsoco, ukungawuvivinyi umzimba nokusebenzisa izinto ezidakayo
  • Izimpawu zempilo yendawo ezungezile ezinjengezinga lomoya, ukuphepha kwamanzi, nezindawo zokuhlala
  • Ukuthola ithuba ezinkonzoni zokwelapha, kuhlanganise nemali yomshuwalense, abanakekela abayinhloko, nemithombo yempilo engokwengqondo
  • Imibandela yempilo ehlanganisa iholo, imfundo, umsebenzi kanye nezimo zomphakathi

Ukwaziswa kuqoqwa ngokuhlola, amarekhodi abalulekile, ukwaziswa okukhishwa esibhedlela, kanye namaqembu abhekiswe phambili. Uma sekucacisiwe, okutholakele kuyahlanganyelwa nomphakathi futhi kusetshenziselwa ukwenza i-Community Health Reformation Plan (CHIP). Ngokwesibonelo, i-CHA ingaveza ukuthi isifunda sezwe sinezinga eliphakeme lokufa kwabantwana ngenxa yokunganakekelwa okunganele. Ekuphenduleni, uhulumeni wendawo angaqala uhlelo lokuhambela ekhaya komama abaneziqu zamehlo futhi andise amahora emitholampilo. Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kuqinisekisa ukuthi imithombo yeze iqondiswe ezidingweni eziphuthuma kakhulu, futhi unikeza isisekelo sokuhlola intuthuko esikhathini eside.

Ukusebenzisa Imfundo Yezempilo Nezinhlelo Zokuthuthukisa

Ohulumeni bendawo bayizisekelo ezibalulekile zemfundo yezempilo nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa intuthuko ezifinyelela abantu lapho behlala khona, emsebenzini, ekufundeni, nokudlala.

Izihloko ezivamile zemfundo yezempilo ezikhulunywa ohulumeni bendawo zihlanganisa lezi:

  • Ukudla okunomsoco nokudla okunempilo, kuhlanganise nokuthuthukiswa kwabalimi emakethe nezinhlelo zengadi yesikole
  • Ukuzivivinya ngokomzimba nokuzivivinya, njengokuhamba ngezinyawo, ukuthatha izinyathelo ngebhayisekili nokuvivinya umzimba komphakathi
  • Ukunakekelwa nokuhlolwa, kuhlanganise nama - mammogram crecteurs, ukuhlola umfutho wegazi, nokuxilongwa kwe - cholesterol
  • Ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ngokungafanele, ukuhlanganisa utshwala, ugwayi, ama - opioid, nezinye izidakamizwa ngemifelandawonye yesikole neyomphakathi
  • Ukuqapha impilo yengqondo, kuhlanganise nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka, ukuvimbela ukuzibulala, nemikhankaso yokunciphisa ihlazo
  • Ukuvimbela ukulimala, njengokuhlola ukuphepha kwezimoto, ukuvimbela asebekhulile, nokufundisa intsha imidlalo ngokuphambana

Ukuze kudluliswe lezi zinhlelo, ohulumeni bendawo abasebenza nezikole, izinhlangano ezisekelwe ekukholweni, abaqashi, nezindawo zokuxhumana. Bandisa futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zomphakathi: imitapo iba izindawo zokugoma, izikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi, futhi amapaki aba izindawo zokuqeqeshela izinkonzo zokuvivinya amaqembu. Iminyango yezezesayensi yezempilo ibaluleke kakhulu, neminyango eminingi yezezenhlalakahle esebenzisa imithombo yezenhlalakahle, imiyalezo yokuthumelela imiyalezo, kanye nezinhlelo ze-appal zokuthumela izikhumbuzo zempilo ezizokwelapha nemfundo. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha lingase liqale umkhankaso wokukhuthaza izitofuthe ngokuthumela izikhangiso zezemijovo ezindaweni ezihlolwayo ezinamazinga aphansi kakhulu okugonyelelwa kuyo.

Ukubhekana Nezimo Zempilo Yomphakathi

Uma kuvela isimo esiphuthumayo sempilo yomphakathi, ohulumeni bendawo bangabaphendula kuqala. Banegunya elingokomthetho lokumemezela isifundazwe sendawo esiphuthumayo, baqhube izikhungo eziphuthumayo, futhi basebenzise imithombo yezosizo ukuze bavikele umphakathi. Izimo zempilo zomphakathi zingaba ukuqubuka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo (njenge-COVID-19 noma isimungumungwane), izinhlekelele zemvelo (amaquandela, izikhukhula, izenzakalo zequbula, impakatho yengozi) amakhemikhali, noma izenzakalo zebhakthelo. Ikhono lomnyango wezempilo wendawo ukusabela ngokuphumelelayo kuxhomeke ekuhleleni kwawo, ekuqeqesheni, nasekuhleleni, nasekuxhumaneni.

Amasu Okusabela Ngokuphuthumayo

Wonke umnyango wezempilo wendawo kudingeka ube necebo lokusabela okuphuthumayo elihlela izindima, imithwalo yemfanelo, nezindlela zokusebenza ezivamile. La mapulani asungulwa ngokubambisana nezinhlangano zokuqondisa isimo esiphuthumayo, ukugcinwa komthetho, iminyango yomlilo, izibhedlela, nezinye izisebenzi ezikanye nazo. Izakhi eziyinhloko zihlanganisa amandla aphezulu okunakekela kwezokwelapha, ukunikeza imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu kanye nemithi, ukugoma noma ukugoma okusheshayo (indawo yokukhipha imoto), kanye nemithetho yokukhipha izikhungo zezokwelapha.

Ohulumeni bendawo babuye baqeqeshe ukuvivinya umzimba njalo nokuvivinya amasu abo. Iteptop baxoxe ngezimo ezicatshangelwayo, kuyilapho isilinganiso esigcwele ukuvivinya umzimba kulingisa izimo zangempela ngabadlali namathuluzi. Lezi zinqubo ziveza izikhala futhi zivumela intuthuko eqhubekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokuqubuka kwe-Ebola ka-2014, iminyango eminingi yezempilo yendawo yalungisa imithetho yabo yezifo ezithathelwanayo ukuze ihlanganise ukuhlolwa nokukhishwa kwezikhumulo ezikhumulweni zezindiza nezibhedlela.

Amasu Okukhulumisana

Phakathi nesimo esiphuthumayo sempilo yomphakathi, ukuxhumana okucacile nokufike ngesikhathi kubucayi. Ohulumeni bendawo basebenzisa iziteshi eziningi ukusakaza ukwaziswa, kuhlanganise nokukhishwa kwemithombo yezindaba, izimemezelo zezezokuxhumana, izimemezelo zenkonzo yomphakathi, ukuguqula izingcingo ezingu-911, kanye nemihlangano yomphakathi. Basebenza ngemithombo yezindaba yendawo ukuqinisekisa ukubika okuqondile nokumelana nokungaqondi kahle. Iminyango eminingi yezempilo manje isebenzisa izimemezelo ezinikezelwe eziyingozi eziwukunikeza ngemidanti efanelekile, ngezilimi eziningi, futhi ikwazi ukufinyelela kubantu abakhubazekile.

Amasu okukhulumisana aphumelelayo phakathi nesimo esiphuthumayo ahlanganisa:

  • Ukuhlela umthombo owodwa weqiniso (isib., ingosi yempilo yomphakathi noma i - hirline) ukuze kugwenywe ukudideka
  • Ukulungisa njalo amacala, ukuvikela, nokutholakala kwemithombo
  • Ukusebenzisa izithunywa zomphakathi ezithenjwayo, njengabefundisi, abaholi bomakhelwane, nemithombo yezindaba yobuzwe
  • Ukuhlanganyela nabantu abasengozini ngokuthungatha abantu, kuhlanganise nokuvakashela ekhaya nezinkonzo zomkhumbi - mkhathi ezindaweni zokugoma
  • Ukuhlola amahemuhemu nokwaziswa okungamanga ezindabeni zezokuxhumana nokukhipha izijeziso ngokushesha

Isifo se-COVOID-19 sabonisa kokubili amandla nobuthakathaka bokuxhumana okuphuthuma kwendawo. Ezinye izifundazwe zamisa ngokushesha izintambo ezishisayo zezilimi futhi zasebenzisana nezinkonzo zokuqondisa abantu ezisezindaweni zokuhlola, kuyilapho ezinye zilwa nokubhala imiyalezo eguquguqukayo evela kuhulumeni nakuhulumeni. Izifundo ezifundweyo zisaqhubeka zihlela izincwadi zokudlala ezithuthukisiwe zokuxhumana.

Ukubambisana Nezinhlangano Zomphakathi

Awukho uhulumeni wendawo ongakhuluma ngezinkinga zempilo yomphakathi kuphela. Impilo ephumelelayo idinga ukubambisana okujulile nezinhlangano zomphakathi ezikwazi ukufinyelela ngokuqondile abantu abasengozini. Inzuzo, amaqembu asekelwe ekukholweni, izimiso zezempilo, izikole, amabhizinisi, kanye nezinhlangano zobukhazikhazi konke kuneqhaza empilweni yomphakathi.

Ukuhlangana kunezici eziningi:

  • Izindawo zempilo ezinciphileyo nezenzakalo zokuhlola: Umnyango wezempilo wesifunda ungasebenza neYMCA, isonto, nomthola-khaya wempilo ukuze uthole umnyango wempilo okhululekile onikeza umfutho wegazi, izihlolo zesifo sikashukela, kanye noweluleko lokudla.
  • imithombo ehlanganyelwe yemfundo yezempilo: Inzuzo engabhekiselwa empilweni kamama ingagxila emakilasini aphambili omama omnyango wezempilo futhi inikeze izihlalo zemoto mahhala ngemvume kahulumeni.
  • Ukusabela okuhlangeneyo ezinkingeni zempilo: Phakathi nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile, ohulumeni bendawo basebenza ezikhungweni zokwelapha ukulutheka, izinhlelo zokwenana umjovo, nokuqiniswa komthetho ukuze basakaze i-naloxone futhi baxhumane nabantu ezinkonzweni zokululama.
  • Izinhlelo zokukhipha ze-community: iminyango yezempilo iqasha izisebenzi zezempilo zomphakathi eziboshelwe ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwezingadi, ezihlanganisa izakhamuzi ekunakekeleni, izinkonzo zomphakathi, kanye nokubhalisa umshuwalense.

Lokhu kubambisana kuvame ukumiswa nge-metaryranda ye-ternanda ye-stude, izivumelwano zezimali ezihlanganyelwayo, kanye nezinhlangano ezihlangene. Ithonya elihlangene libonisa ukuthi uma izingxenye eziningi zihlela imizamo yazo ngokuvumelana nezinhlelo ezifanayo, intuthuko engcono empilweni yabantu ingafinyelelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, "Izikhundla zeHealthy Citys", ezisekelwa yi - World Health Organization, zikhuthaza ohulumeni bendawo ukuba bahole izinhlangano ezihlanganisa amaqembu amaningi ezikhuluma ngakho konke okusuka ekuphepheni kwezimoto kuya ekungeneni emkhathini oluhlaza.

Ukuchitha Imali Nemithombo Yezinto

Imizamo yempilo yomphakathi yasekhaya ixhaswe ngemithombo yezempilo ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nentela yendawo, intela yombuso nentela kahulumeni, kanye nezimali zokukhokhela izinkonzo. Imali yokuxhasa imali ihlukahluka kakhulu emiphakathini yonke, idala umehluko omkhulu. Izindawo ezinezisekelo ezinkulu zentela zingaxhasa iminyango yezempilo eqinile, kuyilapho izindawo zasemaphandleni nezingatholi mali eningi ngokuvamile zizama ukugcina izinkonzo eziyisisekelo. Umqedazwelo we-COVOVID-19 waholela ekudibaniseni kwezimali zikahulumeni nge-ACACRES Act ne-American Relection Plan, kodwa iminyango eminingi yezempilo yendawo ibhekenemali evimbela izindleko zemali eziqinile zezokuthola izisebenzi, izimiso zezokuhlaziya, nokusekela izinhlelo.

Ohulumeni bendawo futhi banikeza izimali ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezinjenge Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), iHealth Resources and Service Administration, nezisekelo ezizimele. Lokhu kunikeza izisulu zezinto eziza kuqala ezinjengokuthi ukuvinjelwa kwesifo [, [FLT]]], [[FLT]]rmatimetal nempilo yabantwana [, noma [[FLT:]] ukuphenya okukhethekile .]. Nakuba kunikeza izinto ezibucayi, futhi kungabangela izinselele lapho izinhlelo zokuxhasa izindleko futhi zimelwe zinqandwe noma zibuyiselwe emuva emuva.

Ukusingatha Ukungalingani Kwempilo

Umthwalo obalulekile kahulumeni wendawo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukungenela kwempilo yomphakathi kufinyelela bonke abantu, ikakhulukazi labo ababhekene nemingcele yezimiso zempilo. Impilo isho ukuthi wonke umuntu unethuba lokufinyelela izinga lakhe eliphakeme kakhulu lempilo. Ohulumeni bendawo basendaweni banelungelo elikhethekile lokubhekana nezinqanda ezempilo zezenhlalo ezindaweni lapho abantu bazalelwa khona, bahlala khona, bafunde, bafunde, badlale, bakhulekele, futhi sebekhulile.

Izibonelo zezindlela zokuthatha izinyathelo zokungalingani eziholwa ohulumeni bendawo zihlanganisa:

  • Ukumisa imithetho ekhokhelwayo futhi kukhokhe izimfuneko zekhefu lokugula ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezihlobene nempilo
  • Ukutshala izindlu ezibizayo nokuhola izinhlelo zokuthola umthofu ukuze uvimbele ubuthi bomthofu obangelwa izingane
  • Ukwenza izindlela eziphephile zokuya esikoleni nokuqeda izinhlelo ezikhuthaza ukuhamba nokugibela izindawo ezingenisa izivakashi eziphansi
  • Ukwandisa izinkonzo zokuthola ulimi emitholampilo nasezingosini zezempilo zomphakathi
  • Ukuthuthukisa ukungakhethi kwezinhlanga okuhlola ukungafani kwemiphumela yempilo futhi kunikeze imithombo yengcebo ngokufanele

Ukuhlukanisa kwemininingwane kuyithuluzi elibucayi: ngokuhlola imiphumela yempilo ngohlanga, ubuzwe, inzuzo, kanye nokuma kwezwe, ohulumeni bendawo bangathola ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu asele futhi ahloselwe ukungenela. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha lingathola ukuthi amazinga okuthola isifuba somzimba wabantwana abaNsundu aphakeme ngokuphindwe kathathu kunabantwana abamhlophe. Ngokuphendula, umnyango wezempilo ungasebenza nezikole ukuze usebenzise izimiso zobungane ne-asimas, futhi unikeze izinqumo zendawo yasekhaya ukuze unciphise izimpawu ezinjengesikhunta nezinambuzane.

Ikusasa Lempilo Yomphakathi Yasendaweni

Ohulumeni bendawo bayaqhubeka bezivumelanisa nezinsongo ezintsha zempilo namathemba ahlobene nezimo zomphakathi wabo. Ukuthambekela kokuhlangana kokwaziswa nobuchwepheshe kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa ukuqondisa ukwenza izinqumo. Iminyango eminingi yezempilo manje isebenzisa izimiso zokwaziswa okuphathelene nendawo (GIS) ukuze ibalase amaqoqo ezifo, ukugoma, nokuthola ukudla okunempilo. Amarekhodi empilo e-electronic nezimiso zokuhlola izenzakalo zesikhathi ezingokoqobo zinikeza ukwaziswa okuseduze ekuhambeleni kwasesibhedlela, izinkonzo zomnyango wesimo esiphuthumayo, nemibiko yasezindlini zokucwaninga, ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha izenzakalo eziqubukayo.

Okunye ukuthambekela kuwukugcizelela okukhulayo kwempilo yengqondo njengento ebaluleke kakhulu kwezempilo yomphakathi. Ohulumeni bendawo bamisa amaqembu asabela ezinkingeni eziphuthumayo amaqembu ochwepheshe bengqondo ababili abanezimo eziphuthumayo noma amaphoyisa, abavula imitholampilo yengqondo ezikoleni, kanye namalungu omphakathi aqeqeshelwe usizo lokuqala olungokwengqondo.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kudala izinselele ezintsha empilweni yomphakathi wendawo. Ukunyuka kwamazinga okushisa, izenzakalo zesimo sezulu ezivame kakhulu, kanye nokushintsha kwezindlela zezifo ezibangelwa yizinambuzane kudinga ukuba ohulumeni bendawo bahlele ukukwazi ukumelana nesimo sezulu nesimiso sabo sempilo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlelwa kokufudumala, ukwandisa umpheme wezihlahla eziqhingini zasemadolobheni, nokugada izifo ezinjengegciwane le-West Nile noma i-Lyme disease.

Okokugcina, ukuthembisana komphakathi kuyashintsha. Kunokuba bamane batshele izakhamuzi ngezenzo eziphansi, ohulumeni abaningi bendawo bathatha izindlela zokuzifaka ezihilela izakhamuzi ekuhleleni izinto eziza kuqala, ekuklameni izinhlelo, nasekuhloleni imiphumela. Amabhodi omphakathi, amajaji ezakhamuzi, nokuhlola okungaqiniseki ukuthi ukungenela kwempilo yomphakathi kubonisa okuhlangenwe nakho okuphilayo kanye nezindinganiso zabantu abakhonzayo.

Isiphetho

Ohulumeni bendawo basebenza ngokusekelana ekufuneni imiphakathi enempilo. Ngokuthuthukisa inqubo, ukuhlola impilo, ukubheka isayensi yezempilo, ukusabela okuphuthumayo, ukubambisana, kanye nokuzimisela ukuphathana ngokungakhethi, bakhuluma ngezinkinga zempilo yomphakathi ezithinta ngokuqondile ukuphila kwezakhamuzi zansuku zonke. Ukuphumelela kwale mizamo kuxhomeke ekusekeleni imali eyanele, izisebenzi ezinekhono, ukubambisana okuqinile, nokubopha izakhamuzi ezinolwazi. Ngokuqonda indlela uhulumeni wazo osebenza ngayo enkundleni yezempilo yomphakathi, amalungu omphakathi angasekela ngayo imithombo yezezomthetho, ahlanganyele ekwenzeni izinqumo, futhi abe nengxenye ekuthuthukiseni impilo ezuzisa wonke umuntu. Ikusasa lempilo yomphakathi lisendaweni, futhi izenzo ezithathwayo namuhla ziyobumba izizukulwane ezingcono ezizayo.