Ukubaluleka Kokuqonda Ukuzimisela Ukukhetha Usuku

Izinsuku zokukhetha zingaphezu kakhulu kwezimpawu zokuqondisa ezilula ekhalendeni; zisekelwe ebuqothweni, ekufinyeleleni, nasekulinganiseni izinqubo zedemokrasi. Isikhathi sokhetho singathonya ovotayo, indlela imikhankaso ephathwa ngayo, ngisho naziphi izimpikiswano ezibusa inkulumo yeningi. Kubafundisi, abafundi, nezakhamuzi, baqonda imiphumela eyinkimbinkimbi yemithetho, amasiko angokomlando, kanye nezithiyo ezisebenzayo ezilawulayo ezisezingeni lokukhetha zibalulekile ukuze ziqonde ukuthi izimiso zedemocriyo zisebenza kanjani. Lesiqondiso sihlola isinqumo sezinsuku zokhetho ezisezweni, esifundazwe, nezingamanani endawo, sihlola izici ezithonya lezi zinqumo, futhi siqokomisa imiphumela yangempela yezindawo zokuhlela.

Imibono Yesizwe: Imithetho Emisiwe Nezisekelo Zomthetho - sisekelo

Ukhetho lwezwe lubuswa umthetho-sisekelo wezwe noma imithetho yokhetho, emisa usuku olumisiwe noma ifasitela elicacile lokuhlela. Ukucabangela kwalemithetho ngokuvamile kubonisa ukuxubana kwesibonelo esingokomlando, ukuhlehla kwezombangazwe, nesidingo somthetho.

I - United States: ULwesibili Lokuqala Ngemva KoMsombuluko Wokuqala

E-United States, kuhlelwa ukhetho lukahulumeni ngoLwesibili lokuqala ngemva koMsombuluko wokuqala ngoNovember. Lolu suku lwamiswa uMkhandlu ngo-1845 futhi awukashintshi kusukela ngo-1945. Ukukhethwa kukaNovember kusukela emuva emphakathini wakwa-fuya lapho abalimi babedinga ukuqeda ukuvuna ngaphambi kokuhlola izindawo. ULwesibili wakhethwa ukuba ugweme ukuphazamisana nokukhulekelwa kweSonto futhi uvumele usuku olugcwele lokuhamba, njengoba abaningi abavoti babehlala kude kakhulu ezihlalweni zesifundazweni. Nokho, uLwesithathu lwaluvame ukuba kube usuku lwemakethe, ngakho uLwesibini lwalunikeza ukuhlehla okungcono kakhulu. Lolumo olungoko luyaqhubeka luqhubeka naphezu kwezinguquko ezinkulu kwezokuhamba nemisebenzi. I-Flovesithi Accoveeves Act (OAVAV) i-Act (UAV) i-complet) ithonya eliqhubekayo lokufuna ukuba i-obatempletirder ithunyelwe izinsuku eziphambili zempi zithunyelwe futhi izikhulu ezingu-45 ngaphambi kokuba kuhlelwe.

Ezinye izinqubo zesizwe: ama-v alungisiwe. Ama-date avumelanayo

Amazwe amaningi akhetha izinsuku zokukhetha ezimisiwe ukuze aqinisekise ukumiswa kokhetho futhi anciphise ingozi yokusebenzisa imishini. Ngokwesibonelo, iNdiya yenza ukhetho oluvamile njalo eminyakeni emihlanu, kodwa izinsuku eziqondile zinqunywa yi-Ecomfation Commission phakathi kwefasitela. I-United Kingdom, ngokungafani, isetshenziselwa ukuba nesimiso lapho undunankulu engabiza khona ukhetho nganoma isiphi isikhathi phakathi nenkathi yeminyaka emihlanu, kodwa umbusi ophethe amaPalamente alandelanayo uMthetho 2011 (uthathwe ngo-2022) wamisa kafushane isimiso esimisiwe seminyaka emihlanu sokulinganisela iziqondiso. ICanada futhi inezinsuku zokukhetha ezimisiwe ezingeni lombuso (noma yiminyaka emine ngoMsombululo wesithathu ngo-October), nakuba umbusi ephethe amandla okuncibilikisa iPhala iPhalamendeme ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Uhulumeni udinga ukuvota okumiswa ngeminyaka emithathu emithathu, kodwa umhla omisiwe phakathi kwefasitela elivamile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlelelwa kwe-mthetho.

Izinqumo Zomthetho - sisekelo Nezomthetho

Imithetho-mthetho yesizwe ivame ukumisa ubude obuphakeme besikhathi sezishaya-mthetho namanhloko ezwe, okunikeza isibopho sangaphandle sezinsuku zokhetho. Ngokwesibonelo, uMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. uyayala ukuba umongameli asebenzise igama elithatha iminyaka emine, futhi ukhetho luba khona njalo eminyakeni emine ngosuku olumisiwe. Amazwe amaningi afuna futhi ukuba kukhethwe phakathi nenkathi ethile ngemva kokuchithwa kwephalamende, njengezinsuku ezingu-60 noma ezingu-90. Lezi zinqanda noma imuphi umdlali ongokomthetho ukuba athathe isigwebo ngokungafanele noma afake i-voti. Emazweni anjengeJalimane, iNkantolo yomthetho-Federal yemithetho-mthetho inqume inqunyiwe engokomthetho yezinsuku zokhetho, iqinisekisa ukuthi kumelwe ibekwe ngesaziso esanele nangezimiso zentando yentando yeningi.

Ukukhethwa Kwemibuso Nezigaba: Iqoqo Lemithetho

Ezimisweni zikahulumeni, izifundazwe noma izifundazwe ngokuvamile zinegunya elikhulu ngezinsuku zazo zokukhetha, okuholela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Lokhu kungadala ukudideka kubavoti abanqamula imigqa kahulumeni noma emikhankasweni esebenza ezikhungweni eziningi.

Ukukhethwa Kwezwe Lase - United States

Umbuso ngamunye wase-U.S. uhlela izinsuku zawo siqu zokhetho oluyinhloko, ukhetho lukahulumeni jikelele, nokhetho olukhethekile. Lezinsuku zingahluka kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-New Hampshire ngokwesiko igcina isisekelo sayo somongameli ngo-Januwaria noma ngoFebruary, kuyilapho iCalifornia yasusa ngokuyinhloko ku-March ngo-2024 ukuze yandise ithonya layo. Ezinye izizwe, njengoTexas, ziqhuba ukhetho oluyinhloko lwazo lwezwe nolwesizwe, kuyilapho ezinye, njengeLouisiana, zisebenzisa isimiso esivelele sobumongameli ngoNovemberly. Ukwehlukahluka kokungathi yisimiso somthetho, umkhuba wezomlando, nohlelo lwezezombangazwe. Ngezinye izikhathi izishaya-mthetho zilungisa izinsuku zokuvotayela ukuthuthukisa izinhlanga ezithile noma ukuhlanganisa imijikelezo yezizwe ezithile, kuyilapho ezinye zisebenzisa isimiso esiziwaziswe ngokuthi "ighationation"."."

Ukukhethwa Kwezigodi ZaseCanada

Isifundazwe ngasinye saseCanada simisa izinsuku zaso siqu zokukhetha, nakuba abaningi beye bamukela imithetho yokhetho emisiwe efana nesibonelo sikahulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Ontario ikhetha njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine ngoLwesine lokuqala kaJune, kuyilapho iBritish Columbia isebenzisa usuku olumisiwe lwesithathu ngo-Okthoba. Nokho, njengesimiso sikahulumeni, ukukhetha kwesifunda kungabizwa ngokuthi kwasekuqaleni ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, njengokuvota kokungathembi. Lengxubevange yezinsuku ezimisiwe nezivumelanayo isho ukuthi ukhetho lwezifunda ngezinye izikhathi lungavumelana nokhetho lukahulumeni, kodwa ngokuvamile akunjalo.

Ukukhethwa Okukhethekile Esikhungweni Sikahulumeni

Ukhetho olukhethekile lokugcwalisa izikhala ezisezindlini zombuso noma emahhovisi ezwe lonke lubizwa umbusi noma ibhodi yokhetho lukahulumeni. Isikhathi salolukhetho sivame ukubekwa ngaphansi kwemithetho yokuhlela isikhathi, kodwa lungenzeka nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ngokwesibonelo, uma isihlalo sikahulumeni esinesihlalo se-senate singasekho, umbusi angamisa ukhetho olukhethekile phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-30 kuya kwezingu-90. Lokhu kungaholela ekuthobeni kokhetho oluncishisiwe kakhulu emikhankasweni yomkhankaso wamavota. Izifundo ziye zabonisa ukuthi ngokuvamile okhetho abakhethekile baba nengxenye ephansi kakhulu kunaleyo ehleliwe njalo, ukuphakamisa izimo zentando yentando yeningi.

Ukukhetha Kwendawo: Isindlali Esiguquguquka Kakhulu

Okhetho bendawo, kuhlanganise nolwemikhandlu yamadolobha, amabhodi esikole, amakhomishane esifundazwe, nezigodi ezikhethekile, kuhlelwe ngokwesiko ngemithetho yendawo noma imithetho yokwehla kwezwe. Lokhu kudala izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ngisho nakuso sonke isimo esisodwa. Isikhathi sokhetho lendawo singamthinta kakhulu umvoti kanye nokwakheka kukahulumeni wendawo.

Igunya Likahulumeni Wendawo Nokubusa Kwasekhaya

Izindawo eziningi zinikeza "ikhaya" ukubusa kwamadolobha kanye nama-opera, ziwavumela ukuba amise izinsuku zawo siqu zokukhetha uma nje ehambisana neziqondiso zikahulumeni ezibanzi. Ngokwesibonelo, eNew York, amanye amadolobha enza ukhetho ngoNovember, kuyilapho amanye esebenzisa u-March noma May. ECalifornia, izifunda eziningi zithatha ukhetho ngosuku olulodwa njengoJune, kodwa ezinye zikhetha izinsuku zokukhetha ezisezinsimini. Lokhu kuvumelana kungaba nzuzo emiphakathini efuna ukuxoxa ngezindaba zendawo ngokuhlukile kwezombangazwe, kodwa futhi kwakha nomthwalo kubavoti abamele ukuthatha izinhlu zokhetho oluhlukahlukene ngonyaka wonke.

Izindlela Zokukhetha Eziqiniswe: Isu Lokuvumbuka Okuphakeme

Ukuze kulwiwe nokungalawuleki okuphansi futhi kuncishiswe izindleko zokuphatha, izifunda zendawo eziningi ziye zahlanganisa ukhetho lwazo ngezinsuku zokhetho zikahulumeni noma zombuso. Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi ukumiswa kwandisa ukuthatha iqhaza ngenxa yokuthi izakhamuzi eziningi kakade zishukunyiselwa ukuvota ngosuku lokhetho olugunyaziwe. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ezinye izikole zaseCalifornia zisusa ukhetho lwazo eminyakeni eyizinombolo zeminyaka eyimigqa, zithatha ngisho neminyaka engaphezulu, zilahla ngokuphindwe kabili. Nokho, abagxeki baphawula ukuthi ukumiswa kwemibutho kungafihla izindaba zendawo ngaphansi kokukhankanyiswa kwezinhlanga zesizwe, kubangela ukuba i-vocile ukungazinaki izinhlu zezinhlanga. Eminye imiphakathi ikhetha ngamabomu ukuthi igcine iminyaka yayo imicimbi yendawo ingangeni ekhethekile futhi igxile ekukhathaleleni umphakathi.

Izifunda Ezikhethekile Nokuhalalisa Ngokukhulu Ukusho Izinkulumo Zokulahlwa

Okhetho abaningi bendawo bahlanganisa izigodi ezikhethekile, njengezindawo zamanzi, izigodi zemitapo, noma iziphathimandla zokuthutha. Lezi zinhlangano ngokuvamile zithatha ukhetho ngezimiso zazo siqu, ngezinye izikhathi ngezaziso zomphakathi ezingatheni. Abavoter bangazithola bebhekene nevoti yesifunda se-astement yomiyane noma ibhodi lasekholiji lomphakathi ngoLwesibili ka-April, kungekho zinhlanga ezibadonsela ekuhloleni. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwezinsuku zokhetho kungavimba ukujika futhi kushiyele izinqumo ezibalulekile ezandleni zomfakela omncane, ngokuvamile ongayimeli.

Izici Ezithonya Izinqumo Zosuku Lokwahlulela

Ukuqonda lezi zici kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani izinsuku zokhetho zihlukahluka kangaka emhlabeni wonke.

Izenzakalo Nesiko Elingokomlando

Izinsuku eziningi zokukhetha zisekelwe kakhulu esikweni. Usuku lukaNovemba wase-U.S. luyisibonelo esiphambili, kodwa kunezimo ezifanayo zikhona kwenye indawo. ESweden, ukhetho luqhutshwa ngeSonto lesibili ngoSeptember, isiko elaqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka. EJapane, ukhetho lwezwe luvame ukugcinwa ngezimpelasonto ukuze luthuthukise ukunqamuka, ukuyeka inqubo yesonto. Lamasiko angamelana kakhulu nokushintsha, ngisho nalapho indlela yokuqala yokucabanga ingasasebenzi. Imizamo yokususa i-U.S. I-Evolution Day ethatha impelasonto noma ukwenza ukuba iholide lesizwe ligcinwe kaningi eKhokwe, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokunamathela kosuku lwesonto olukhona.

Izimfuneko Ezingokomthetho Nezimfuneko Ezifile

Izimfuneko zomthetho zinikeza uhlaka oluqinile. Ngokwesibonelo, izigodlo eziningi zase-U.S. zifuna ukuba kwenziwe ukhetho oluyinhloko okungenani izinsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambi kokhetho oluvamile ukuze kuvunyelwe isikhathi sokulungiselela nokuvota phesheya. Ngokufanayo, umthetho kahulumeni ufuna ukuba i-collator zithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe ngosuku oluthile, okuthi uma uphoqelela ukuba ziqede izibhede zabo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kumazwe afana neKenya, umthetho-sisekelo ufune ukuba kuqhutshwe isikhathi phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-90 zokuqedwa kwephalamende, futhi i-costal i-otal ibeke usuku oluqondile phakathi nalelofasitela. Izinselele ezingokomthetho zingaguqula nezinsuku ezithile; izinkantolo ziye zahlehlisela ukhetho ngenxa yokulungisa izimpikiswano noma izinhlekelele zemvelo.

Ukucabangela Okungokombangazwe Nokumiswa Okuhleliwe

Abahleli be-plugin bazama ngezinye izikhathi ukulawula izinsuku zokhetho ukuze kuzuze bona. Ezimisweni zephalamende, iqembu elibusayo lingase libize ukhetho ngesikhathi lapho behola ekuhloleni, icebo elaziwa ngokuthi "isimo sokhetho olumisiwe" eU.S., izishaya-mthetho zemithetho ziye zashintsha izinsuku eziyinhloko zokuthonya inkathi yokushaya umongameli, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukulayisha isiqu sendlu." Amanye amazwe aye asusa izikhangiso zawo ngaphambili ukuze athole ithonya elikhulu enqubweni yokuvota, iholela ekuthotyelweni okuphontshelwa ikhalenda eliyinhloko. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi le mincintiswano ephambili ingasusa ukuvoca ezindaweni ezimbalwa kamuva ngenxa yokuthi akukho okunemba ukuphumelela.

Izimpikiswano Ezingokomthetho Nezokuphatha

Ukuthatha ukhetho kudinga ukuhlelwa okubalulekile: ama-collet okunyathelisa, ukukhomba izindawo zokuvota, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini yokuvota iyasebenza. Izikhulu zezokuvota zidinga isikhathi esanele sokuqeda lemisebenzi, ethonya lapho kuhlelwa ukhetho. Ngokwesibonelo, isifundazwe esisebenzisa amabhola amaphepha singase sidinge amasonto amaningana ukunyathelisa nokusakaza amabhola, kuyilapho isifundazwe esisebenzisa imishini yokuvota singadinga izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela. Izinhlekelele zemvelo, njengeziphepho zase-Midwaster noma izikhukhula e-Midwaster, zingaphoqa ushintsho lwesimo esiphuthumayo. I-COVID i-19 yenza ukuba kuqashe izikhundla zemisebenzi yokhetho ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuvota iposi evota ezindaweni eziphambili kanye nezithatha isikhathi eside kakhulu.

I - Votertud Nokutholakala

Umgomo wokwenza ukuba kungenele abavoti uyisici esikhulu ekumiseni izinsuku zokukhetha. Amazwe athatha ukhetho ngezimpelasonto noma enza i Holidet ibe nosuku lokukhetha lube nosuku oluphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, amazwe amaningi aseYurophu enza ukhetho ngamaSonto, okuphumela ekuthatheni amazinga adlulayo amaphesenti angu-70-80, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-60 e-U.S. ukhetho lomongameli kanye nokwehlisa kakhulu phakathi kwezimpela. EUnited States, amanye amazwe aye ashintshela kuzo zonke izivoti zeposi (umz., Colorado, Oredown, Washington, Utah), okuqeda isidingo sosuku olulodwa lokuvota olubolwayo futhi kuvumela ukuvota okungaphinde kubuye kuvele ezikhathini zawo. Amanye amazwe andisa izinkathi zokuvota, ezikhona ezikhona ezikhona enkathini ephambili "uhlelo lokhetho, kusuka enkathini yokukhetha kusuka kusuka kusuka kusuka kusuku olulodwa.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Ngosuku Lokushintsha

Isongezi sempela-sonto sase-Australia

I-Australia yenza ukhetho lukahulumeni ngoMgqibelo, futhi ukuvota kuyaphoqeleka. Inhlanganisela yosuku lwempelasonto nokuhlanganyela okuphoqelelwe iphumela ekuthatheni i-partport ephakeme kakhulu, ngokuvamile cishe ngamaphesenti angu-90 noma ngaphezulu. Usuku olumisiwe (ngoMgqibelo wokugcina ngoMay we House of Deaders, nakuba uhulumeni engakhetha usuku ngaphakathi kwefasitela) lunikeza ukubikezela. Lomfanekiso ukhonjiwe njengophawu lwebhentshi kwamanye amazwe olufuna ukwandisa ukuthatha igalelo, nakuba ukuvota ngokwako kuphikisa.

Izinhlelo zokukhetha zaseNdiya ezine-Pase-mil

INdiya, idemokrasi enkulu emhlabeni, iphethe ukhetho lwayo oluvamile phakathi kwamasonto amaningana, ngokuvamile oluthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. IKhomishane ye-Ecommust ihlela ukuvota ezingxenyeni zokusingatha izinselele ze-logic, njengokuthumela amabutho okhuseleko nokumisa iziteshi zokuhlola ezindaweni ezikude. Isigaba ngasinye sinosuku lwaso olumisiwe, futhi sonke isikhathi sokukhetha sihlelwe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isigaba esibusayo asiwuthonyisi umphumela ezigabeni zamuva ezisekelwe ezingeni ezilandelayo. Le nqubo ehleliwe iyindlela ekhethekile yokuzivumelanisa nobukhulu nezinhlobonhlobo zezwe.

Ukuphoqelelwa Kweholide Lesizwe E - United States

Izicelo zokwenza iholide leNhlolo-nqumo libe iholide lesizwe e-United States liye lamiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe eSivumelwaneni, ngokuphawuleka kakhulu njengesivumelwano somthetho "Usuku Lobushiqela". Abaxhasi baphikisa ngokuthi iholide lizosusa umthwalo wokuvota ngosuku lomsebenzi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yenkokhelo ephansi nezisebenzi zehora. Abaphikisi baphikisana ngokuthi ngeke kwande ngokuphawulekayo, njengoba abantu abaningi kakade benezimiso ezivumelanayo noma besaqala ukuvota. Ezinye izinhlangano ziye zamemezela ngokuzithandela ukuthi iSuku Lokwahlulela usuku olukhokhelweyo, futhi izigaba ezingu 22 (iGwadi leColuntlunt) ziye zalenza iholide lesizwe ngesimo esithile. Nokho, akukho mthetho kahulumeni oye wamiswa.

Ikusasa Lezinsuku Zokukhetha: Imiqondo Nezihlongozo

Ubuchwepheshe, ukushintshwa kwenani labantu, nokuqashelwa komgoqo wokuvota kubangela izinguquko endleleni izinsuku zokhetho ezimiswa ngayo. Ukuthambekela kokuvota kwasekuqaleni nokuthumela iposi kuguqula usuku lokhetho lube inyanga yokhetho. Ezinye izifundazwe, njengoMichigan no-Ohio, ziye zamukela "excuse" ukuvota okungekhoyo, zivumela noma imuphi umvoti ukuba afake ifomu ngeposi emasontweni ngaphambi kosuku olungokomthetho. Ukuvunyelwa kokubhaliswa kwevota kuyaqhubeka kususa imingcele ehlangene nenkathi yokhetho, njengoba ukuvota kungenza imvume ibhaliswe lapho isebenzelana nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ihlelwe kanjani.

Okunye ukuthambekela okuvelayo ukusebenzisa ukuvota okulinganiselwe, okungadinga ukulungisa kumakhalenda okhetho ukuze kuvunyelwe ukugcinwa. Ngokwesibonelo, iMaine ne-Alaska bangenza ukhetho lwabo ngosuku olufanayo nalololunye kodwa kumelwe babale amabhola ngokusebenzisa inqubo ephindaphindiwe engathatha izinsuku eziningana, ikhubaza isikhathi sokuvota esisemthethweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula kokuvota nge-intanethi (kuyivela kancane futhi kuphikisana) kungawushintsha umqondo wosuku lokhetho, njengoba abavoti bengalahla amabhola emizuzwini noma emasontweni athile.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu futhi kuphoqelela izikhulu zokhetho ukuba zivumelane nezimiso zazo. Iziphepho, imlilo, nokushisa okukhulu kuye kwaphazamisa okhetho eminyakeni yamuva, okwabangela ukuba ezinye izindawo zithathe amapulani avumela ushintsho lwesikhathi esiphuthumayo ngemvume yezikhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kweSiphepho uSandy ngo-2012, iNew York yavumela ukuba izibalo ezithintekile zishintshe izindawo zokuvota futhi zinwebe amahora okuvolwa, kodwa usuku ngokwalo lwahlala luhlelile.

Isiphetho

Izinsuku zokukhetha azinazimfuneko; zikhethwe ngokucophelela ngenhlanganisela yemiyalo engokomthetho, isiko elingokomlando, icebo lezombangazwe, kanye nesidingo esisebenzayo. Kusukela ngoNovemba ngoLwesibili olumisiwe e-United States kuya kukhetho olumisiwe lwase-Indiya, isimiso ngasinye sibonisa isimo saso esihlukile sentando yeningi. Ukuqonda ukuthi lezinsuku ezimisiwe zisiza kanjani izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde amandla amaningi alawula ikhono lazo lokuvota. Njengoba izimemezelo zokuguqula inqubo yempelasonto ziqhubeka, iziphakamiso zokuvota, ukugujwa kwamaholide, futhi zinwebe isithembiso sokuvota sakuqala ukuthuthukisa ikhalenda ye-votorordial. Kubafundisi, behlola lemigqashuwa nohlelo lohlelo lwakha ulwazi olungokwendawo futhi bagcizelela ukuthi zonke izinsuku zokukhetha ziphethe indaba ethile.

[[Ukwenyuka:0] ngokuphindaphindiwe ukufunda nemithombo:[