I-Good Wearth Agreement − yamiswa ngo-10 April 1998 futhi yabizwa kaningi ngokuthi i-Belfast Agreement − yaqeda iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yempi enobudlova eNyakatho Ireland. Nakuba abantu abaningi beyazi njengesivumelwano sokuthula esamiswa izinhlangano ezilawula amandla, ukuphumelela okungabonakali kakhulu kodwa okubaluleke ngokulinganayo kuyindlela exazululwa ngayo ngokuqondile imibuzo ephathelene nendabuko. Lezindaba zazilokhu zisezingeni eliphambili lezinkinga, futhi amalungiselelo esivumelwani aklanywe ngokucophelela ngezimpawu, amalungelo olimi, nokuhlonipheka kolimi, kwakha isisekelo esivumela ukuba yomibili imiphakathi ibone ukuthi iboniswe ngokulandelana kwezombangazwe.

Izinkinga Nemsuka Yokuthi Umuntu Ungubani

Ukuze aqonde ukuthi kungani i-Good Wearth Agreement kwadingeka ukuba ibhekane nendabuko yefa, umuntu kumelwe aqale aqonde indlela lamandla abhebhethekisa ngayo impi. Ngo-1921 i-Northern Ireland yadalwa ihlukana ngokuma kwenani labantu: iningi lamaProthestani elachazwa njengeBrithani futhi elalifuna ukuhlala liyingxenye ye-United Kingdom, neqembu elincane lamaKatolika elathi lizichaza njenge-Ireland futhi lilangazelela ukuhlangana ne-Ireland. Le ngxenye yayingesona nje esihlangene kwezombangazwe; yayigcwele zonke izingxenye zokuphila, umsebenzi, imfundo, imfuyo, ngisho nemfuyo edlulayo ezindaweni eziphezulu zedolobha. Emashumini eminyaka, iningi lamalungu abusa umbuso, futhi abezwekazi benomuzwa wokuthi i-Ireland yayincishisiwe, ulimi lwawohlonisiwe, futhi amasiko awo amasiko awo ayengana. Ngasekupheleni kuka-1960, inhlangano yomphakathi yamaKatolika yafuna ukusabela ngokuqina kwempi, kodwa ibutho lezempi laphinde ilandelwe ngokuthi imibuso yale. Impi yayisizwa kakhulu imibuso ezindaweni ezisekuphumayo.

Isivumelwano Esihle SangoLwesihlanu Njengesisekelo Sokuqashelwa Kwabantu

I-Good Wear Agreement isingatha i-comments ephambili. Ngokungafani nemizamo yangaphambili yokuthula, ayizange izame ukuhlanganisa noma ukuqeda ukungezwani. Kunalokho, yavuma ukuthi i-British ne-Ireland i-Irish i-odoct iyikho kokubili okusemthethweni nokuthi ikusasa lase-Northern Ireland lalizonqunywa ngemvume, hhayi ngenkani. Lendlela ebanzi yokusebenza ihlanganiswe ngamalungiselelo amaningana ayinhloko.

Isimiso Sokuvumelana Nokuzichaza

ISiphakamiso 1 salesivumelwano sithi abantu baseNyakatho Ireland banelungelo lokuzichaza ngokuthi bangama-Ireland, amaNgisi, noma bobabili. Lokhu kuzwakala kulula, kodwa kwakuhlukile. Okokuqala, isiqinisekiso esibophayo sezizwe zonke saqaphela ukuthi ubuzwe buyisinqumo somuntu siqu uhulumeni okumelwe uvikele. Kwaqinisekisa futhi ukuthi isimo somthetho-sisekelo se-Northern Ireland singashintsha kuphela uma iningi labantu bakhona bevotelela ukuhlanganiswa neRepublic yase-Ireland . Lesi simiso sokuvumelana sanikeza ukulondeka kwenyunyana ukuthi iBrithani ayisoze yaphathwa ngendlela enokuthula, kuyilapho i-democralitial ithola indlela yokuphishekela imigomo yabo.

Ukubaluleka

Isisekelo salesivumelwano umqondo “wokwehlukana kwenhlonipho”""" umqondo wokuthi kokubili amasiko, amaNgisi nama-Irish, kufanele ahlonishwe ngendlela efanayo ekuphileni komphakathi. Lokhu akusona ithemba elingaqondakali; kunemiphumela esebenzayo yendlela izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezisebenza ngayo, indlela izimali ezisetshenziswa ngayo umphakathi, nendlela okusetshenziswa ngayo. Inhlonipho engokomphakathi isho ukuthi akukho zimpawu zomphakathi, umlando, noma ulimi olunikezwa ilungelo phezu kolunye. Iphoqelela umbuso ukuba uthuthukise ukuqonda phakathi kwe-ICF kunokuba nje ihambisane.

Amalungelo, Isivikelo, Nethuba Elilinganayo

Lesi sivumelwano sihlanganisa nesivumelwano esibanzi samalungelo adlulela ngalé kokungaphikiswana nje kwezigaba ezingu-9. Sigunyaza uhulumeni we-UK ukuba “uhlanganise ngokuphelele umthetho wase-Northern Ireland we-European Convention on Human Rights” nokumisa i-Northern Ireland Rights Commission. Sibuye sisungule iKhomishane ye-Entelligity yokuhlola ukuphatha ngokufanele izigaba ezingu-9, kuhlanganise nenkolelo engokwenkolo nombono wezombangazwe. Lezinhlangano zinikeza abantu ngabanye isiqinisekiso esingokomthetho uma ifa labo lihlaselwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idinga zonke iziphathimandla zomphakathi ukuba zikhuthaze ukulingana kwethuba − i-Enity Commission ebumbelweni yezesikole sokubonisa ukubukiswa kwemijezo emigqozini yemifu ekwakhiweni kahulumeni.

Izinhlangano Zezombangazwe Ezibonisa Ukuzichaza

I - Good Freen Frive Account yakha isimiso sezombangazwe esihloselwe ukuphoqelela ukubambisana phakathi kwabameleli bemiphakathi ehlukahlukene.

Umhlangano WaseNyakatho Ireland Nombuso

I-Assembly ikhethwa ngokulingana, okusho ukuthi kokubili abameleli be-community nesizwe bathola izihlalo ezilinganayo ngokulingana nesabelo sabo. Kodwa imfuneko yangempela ukuthi uBusi-(uhulumeni) (_bewakhiwe ngeqembu elikhulu kakhulu kulelo nalelo-metual qualities (isizwana, inyunyana se-ascitunity), ne-“enye”. Lenhlangano ehlangene ngokunqamule isho ukuthi akukho qembu elilodwa elikwazi ukubusa. Isikhonzi sokuqala nesekela leNgqozinkulu Yokuqala liyisikhundla esihlangene, esikhethwe yiningi esihlanganisa ababhisho amaqembu amaqembu ahlangene kanye namazwe. Lesi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuthi ukwahlukahlukana kwakheke emishinini yohulumeni, hhayi nje ukunezela okusemthethweni.

Ukusebenza Kwamaqoqo Nemishini

Ukuze kuvinjelwe umphakathi othile ukuba unqande umthetho ngokumelene nezifiso zomunye, uMhlangano usebenzisa izinqubo ezikhethekile zokuvota ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi “izinqumo eziwuhlupho.” Lokhu kudinga ukuthi iningi labo bonke abahlangene kanye nabashisekeli besizwe (imvume) noma iningi elinesisindo esingu-60% jikelele, kuhlanganise namashumi amane% ezimpawu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma isiphi isiphakamiso esithinta ifa lezempucuko − esifana nese-Ireland Umthetho wolimi olusha noma isimiso sokuphakamisa i-Rwindi ye-Unian − kumelwe sizuze ukusekela isigaba sokwehlukana. Abagxeki bangabangela ukukhubazeka, kodwa abasekeli bathi siqinisekisa ukuthi izindaba ezibucayi zisingathwalwa yisivumelwano.

Izinga laseNyakatho - nelaseMpumalanga

Ukuchazwa kwe-Irland eNyakatho ne-Ireland akugcini nje kuphela kuma-reatrichin ayisithupha. Isivumelwano sadala uMkhandlu Wenkonzo Wasenyakatho - Nyakatho - Nyakatho ukuze uhlanganise abefundisi baseBelfast naseDublin ukuba bambisane ezindabeni ezinjengokuthutha, ezolimo, nezeze-(ne) ngokufaka izimpawu ezicatshangelweyo kanye nezikhulumayo. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abalandeli besizwe base-Ireland babe nokuhlangana okuphathekayo neRiphabliki futhi baqaphele zonke izikhundla zabo zase-Ireland. Izinhlangano zombili zivumela ukuba i-Calcuttay i-Irish ixhumane nohulumeni we-UK, i-Ireland, izikhulu ze-Devolved , kanyekanye ne-Devicences, zihlose ukuhlolwa kwe-British.

Ifa Elingokwesiko Livikelwa Futhi Lishiwo

Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zezombangazwe, i - Good Wear Advement iqukethe izibopho eziqondile zefa lempucuko. La malungiselelo aye aba nethonya langempela, elingenakubekezeleleka endleleni imiphakathi ekhuluma ngayo nendlela ifa elilondolozwa ngayo.

Amalungelo Olimi: Ama - Irish namaScot aseUlster

Isivumelwano sikhuluma ngokuqondile ngezilimi ezimbili ezimbalwa eNyakatho Ireland: i-Ireland (Gaillege) ne-Ulster Scots (Ulstèr-Scotch). Ingxenye yengxenye yamalungelo ithi “bonke abathathi-nxaxheba baqaphela ukubaluleka kokuhloniphana, ukuqonda nokubekezelelana kwezilimi” nokuthi“uHulumeni waseBrithani, ikakhulukazi, uyokwenza isenzo esiqinile sokuthuthukisa ulimi. [[FOLD] yaholela ekudalweni kwe-Forstèr Gaeillege, umphakathi weqembu onomthwalo wokukhuthaza i-Ireland, ne-Ulster Scots Agend. Ngokuthuthukisa, izimali zikahulumeni zemfundo ye-Ireland, usekela ukukhiqiniswa kwemidiya, nokunikezwa kwemisebenzi yokuhumusha. [FL:]

Naphezu kwale ntuthuko, ulimi lusaphikiswana. Abakhankanyi be-Irish Language Act − a sparalone benikeza i-Ireland izikhulu ze-Irish, ngokushoshozelwa iminyaka eminingi, futhi impikiswano ibinengxenye ekwahluleleni kwezombangazwe eSponsont. I-New Headreen, New Apply atte ngo-2020 ekugcineni izimisele ukudlulisa umthetho onjalo, itestamente yokuthi amalungelo olimi asabhekwa kanjani njengengxenye enkulu yokuqashelwa.

Izibonakaliso nezibonakaliso

Akukho mpikiswano ehlukene phakathi kwemiphakathi kunokuboniswa kwamafulege kanye nokugcinwa kobuphekula. Isivumelwano asinikezi ikhambi elilodwa lezimpawu, kodwa siveza izimiso eziye zaqondisa uhlelo olulandelayo. Iqaphela “amalungelo abo bobabili imiphakathi... ukuveza izimpawu zabo zesiko” futhi ikhuthaza“ ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu nolimi ekuphileni komphakathi.” Lokhu kuholile ukuhola umsebenzi wezivumelwano zendawo. Amanye amaholo andiza ifulegi ye-Unian kuphela, amanye andiza i-Irish trioc ngezinsuku ezithile, futhi amabhanela ambalwa angali. I-Parades manje ilawula imikhankatho ephikisanayo. I-Orangens qha qha shond Orderss. Ngokuyinhloko i-olectedsss shond showssssss shond short ofs arents arectalss ofss, kuyilapho izingxabano ze-omspen zisand trash.

Imfundo Nomlando Ohlangene

Imfundo yayiyinkundla yempi phakathi neNkindlane, nezimiso zesikole ezihlukene ezifundisa izindaba ezihlukene. Isivumelwano sidinga “ukusungulwa kwesimiso semfundo esihlangene, esikhuthaza ukubekezelelana nokuqondana.” Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekukhuleni ezikoleni ezihlangeneyo . Lapho izingane eziningi zamaProthestani namaKatolika zifunda ndawonye. Nakuba izingane eziningi zabafundi zisafunda isifunda (ngokuyisisekelo sobuProthestani) noma izikole zamaKatolika. Ngo- 2007, i-Northern Ireland uhlelo lwemfundo lwemfundo oluhlanganisa i-trikin, i-Prothentian tricity” ehlanganisa izifundo zengxabano, izimpawu, namalungelo abantu. Iqembu le-Enquirestion [FLT] futhi kamuva iKhomisha yamaKatolika ezindaweni ezisebenzela kuzo zonke futhi izikhulume, ukunezela ekuhlanganyeleni kwenani elikhulu.

Ukukhuluma Nezinkinga Esizitholayo

Naphezu kwempumelelo yayo, i - Good Frive Agreement ayizange iqede ukucindezeleka okusekelwe ekuzibonakaliseni ngesiqu.

Indima Yenhlangano Yezisulu Nabasindi

Iqanjwe ngo-2009, le khomishane isebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuhlupheka kwazo zonke izisulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyini. Izimali zilungisa imisebenzi yobulungisa, ukuthatha izinyathelo zomlando ngomlomo, nemizamo yokukhumbula. Nokho, kusaphikisana ngokuthi ungawuchaza kanjani “ivictim” nokuthi izenzo zokuphamba ziyamukeleka yini. Imibiko yale khomishane iqokomisa isidingo sokuqhubeka ukhuluma ngefa ngendlela engavuleki amanxeba.

Isivumelwano Sendlu Sesiphepho Nemiklamo Yempucuko

Ngo-2014, la manxusa asayina i-Tormont House Agreement, eyayifuna ukulungisa izici ezisele zefa. Yahlongoza ukwenziwa kwe-Historical Investigations Unit ne- Independent Commission for Information Relaveral.

Impikiswano Engokwesikhathi Esizayo: Ukuchazwa, Ukuhlolwa Kwe - Brexit, Nesiko

Isinqumo se-UK sokushiya izintambo zokuzichaza zaseYurophu zivulwe kabusha. Izazi zesizwe eziningi namarepublic zabesaba ukuthi i-Brexit ingenza umngcele ube lukhuni neRepublic of Ireland, isongela ukuhlangana kwemingcele ephakathi kwe-odar-odar. I-Norvest Ireland Protocol, eyaphumela ekugcineni indawo e-EUU imakethe eyodwa yezimpahla, futhi yacasula abalandeli abaningi abanomuzwa wokuthi iBrithani yayilulazakele ngokuthatha imithetho ehlukile yemidanti eMfuleni omkhulu. Lokhu kungavumelani kubonisa ukuthi ifa nesizinda sezempucuko akuzinziwa ndawo. I-Prouvent Reconvements Active iqala i-selvey, i-areareacty, i-ssuctive, ne-combualisms areant ithuluzi elingcono kakhulu lokulawula lemincul, kodwa idinga ukugcinwa kwezombangazwe.

Isiphetho: Isibonelo Sezimiso Zomphakathi Zangemva Kokuphela

I-Good Wear Agreement ingenye yezikhungo zokuthula eziphumelela kakhulu emlandweni wanamuhla ngenxa yokuthi yathatha ukuma nefa lezempucuko ngokungathi sína. Kunokuba iphikise umehluko, yakha isimiso esilindele umehluko futhi sibangele izinqubo zokuwusingatha ngaphandle kobudlova. Amalungiselelo ayo okuzisingatha, ukuhlonipheka, amalungelo olimi, ukulinganisela amandla, nezimpawu ezigcwele kuye kwanika womabili imiphakathi isigxobo eNyakatho Ireland entsha. Akukho muntu ongathi isivumelwano siye saxazulula zonke izikhangiso, amafulegi, futhi amalungelo olimi asadala izakhiwo ezihlukene zezombangazwe, kodwa adala isimo lezozinhlu zezombangazwe ezixazululwe ngazo, hhayi izinhlamvu.

Lendlela iye yathonya ezinye izinqubo zokuthula, kusukela eNingizimu Afrika kuya eColombia. Isifundo sisobala: Noma yikuphi ukuthula okuhlala njalo emphakathini ohlukene kumelwe kuxazulule izimpande ezijulile zemininingwane nefa lesizwe, hhayi nje izimpawu ezisobala zengxabano. Njengoba i-Ireland yasenyakatho iqhubeka ilawula i-Brexit, ushintsho lwenani labantu, nokushintsha kwezizukulwane, uhlelo lwe-Good Wesihlanu Agreement ekwazinisweni nesizinda sezwe kunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokwakha ikusasa elihlangene nesodwa lapho ihlonipha izenzakalo zesikhathi esidlule ezihlukile.