Imfundo: Umthwalo Wemfanelo Owokuhlanganyela Ngaphesheya Kwesifunda, Isifundazwe, Nezindawo

Imfundo eUnited States isebenza njengesimiso esiqinile lapho ohulumeni bombuso, bombuso, kanye nohulumeni bendawo ngamunye benemithwalo yemfanelo ehlukene. Nakuba uMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. ungakhulumi ngokuqondile ngemfundo, iSichibiyelo seshumi sigcinela lemibuso. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uhulumeni wezwe uye waba nendima ebalulekile ngokuxhasa imali, ukuphoqelelwa kwamalungelo omphakathi, kanye nezimiso zobuzwe. Isakhiwo esiwumphumela siveza kokubili amathuba okuthuthukisa intuthuko nezinselele ezivumelanayo ekuqinisekiseni izinga lezifunda nezifunda.

Uhulumeni unikela cishe amaphesenti angu-8 kuya ku-10 engqikithi yemfundo ye-K-12, ngokuyinhloko ngezinhlelo ezihloselwe ukunikeza abafundi abathile. I-I yeSikhathi se-Pretary ne-Secondary Education Act inikeza usizo lwezimali ezikoleni ezinezilinganiso eziphezulu zezingane ezivela emikhayeni ehlwili. I-Atem enemfundo ekhubazekile esemthethweni (IDEA) inikeza iziqondiso ezithi imfundo yomphakathi efanelekile kubafundi abakhubazekile, isekelwe yimali enikezwa nguhulumeni. Le zinhlelo zibeka amathemba ayisisekelo e-equaligine e-ssss anele espect nemvumeni ehttle, kodwa futhi zibeka nezimfuneko zokulandela ezithiwayo ukuba kulandele izimali.

Ohulumeni baphethe ngokuyinhloko imfundo yomphakathi phakathi kwemingcele yabo. Umbuso ngamunye umisa ezawo izilinganiso zezifundo, izimfuneko zokuthweswa iziqu, izinqubo zokufaka izincwadi zothisha, nezimiso zokulandisa. Isishaya-mthetho sinquma ukuthi imali engakanani ethunyelwa ezifundeni zendawo, ngokuvamile ngezindlela eziklanyelwe ukulinganisela izimali phakathi kwemiphakathi ecebile nempofu. Iminyango yezemfundo yezemfundo yengamela ukuthotshelwa kwezindawo, ukunikeza izinqumiso, nokuphatha izimiso zemininingwane ezilandelela ukusebenza kwabafundi nezinga lesikole.

Izikole zendawo zisebenzisa izinqubo zikahulumeni kuyilapho zivumelana nezidingo zomphakathi. Amabhodi esikole, abaphathi, nothisha-nhloko benza izinqumo mayelana nokuqashwa, izinto zohlelo lwezifundo, amakhalenda esikole, izakhiwo, nezinhlelo zemisebenzi. Izintela zempahla zinikeza izimali eziningi zemfundo yendawo, ezidala umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezifunda ezicebile nezinezingangeni eliphezulu. Ezinye izifunda ziye zazama ukusingatha lezi zigebengu ngezindlela zokuzivumelanisa, kodwa ukuxhasa ukulingana kwemisebenzi kuyaqhubeka ezweni lonke.

Izinto Eziza Kuqala Kukahulumeni Nokuvumelana Nohulumeni

I-ESSA idinga izifunda ezivivinya abafundi ngokufunda nabafundi ngokwezinga lesithathu kuya kwelesishiyagalombili nanye esikoleni esiphakeme. Izifunda futhi kumelwe zibike ukwaziswa okungahlukaniswa amaqoqo abafundi ukuze kubonwe igebe elifeziwe. Nokho, i-ESSA inikeza inkululeko ephawulekayo ekuklameni izimiso zabo zokulandisa, ukubeka imigomo yezemfundo, nokunquma ukungenela ezikoleni eziphansi.

Lolu hlelo luvumela ukuba kuhlolwe izindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izifunda ziye zasebenzisa izifekethiso zemfundo ezisekelwe emncintiswaneni ezivumela abafundi ukuba bathuthuke ngejubane labo. Ezinye ziye zasebenzisa izimiso zesixwayiso zakuqala ukuze zibone abafundi bangaphambi kokuba bayeke. Imifula exhasa ngemali, njengesimiso sesihloko II sezinga lothisha ne-Title IV yemisebenzi yokusekela abafundi, inikeza imithombo ekwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokwezinto eziza kuqala zendawo kuyilapho kuhlangatshelwa izinjongo zikahulumeni.

Ukubusa Nokuxhasa Imfundo Ephakeme

Ukuhileleka kwemfundo ephakeme kugxila ekusizeni abafundi ngokwezimali, ekutholeni imali, nasekubekeni amalungelo ezakhamuzi. UPall Grants, imali ebolekwayo yabafundi kahulumeni, nezinhlelo zomsebenzi zisiza izigidi zabafundi ukuba zingene ekoliji. Uhulumeni ufaka futhi imali eningi ekucwaningeni kwaseyunivesithi ngezinhlangano ezinjengeNational Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, ne-Divince of Defense. Umqondisi wezentengiselwano, nakuba ephathiswe izinhlangano ezizimele zokugunyaza ukukhokha ikholelisa abafundi.

Ohulumeni boMbuso baxhasa amayunivesithi omphakathi namakholiji omphakathi, bamisa izinqubo zezentengiselwano kwezinye izimo, futhi bengamele amabhodi emfundo ephakeme. Izwe linquma ukuthi kungakanani ukuxhasa ukunikela ngomfundi ngamunye, okuthinta ngokuqondile izimali nemithombo yezinhlangano. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, ukuxhasa kwemali kwezwe ngakunye kunciphe izindleko zabafundi nemikhaya ngokwanda. Imfundo yoMbuso futhi inikeza nezinhlelo zokwenezela usizo lukahulumeni, nakuba inzuzo nempano kusekwehluka kakhulu emazweni amaningi.

Ukubambisana phakathi kwezindima zikahulumeni nezombuso emfundweni ephakeme kwakha isimo sendawo esiyinkimbinkimbi lapho abafundi bebhekana nezindleko ezihlukene kakhulu nezinga elilinganayo kuye ngesimo sabo sokuhlala.

Ukunakekelwa Kwempilo: Izinhlelo Zokuhlobisa, Ukufezwa KoMbuso, Nesimiso Sezempilo Somphakathi

Ukuphatha kwempilo eUnited States kuphawulwa ngobuhlobo phakathi kohulumeni bakahulumeni bakahulumeni bakahulumeni nohulumeni, isilinganiso ngasinye sisebenzisa iziphathimandla ezihlukene nemithwalo yemfanelo. Uhulumeni wezwe ulawula izinhlelo zomshuwalense wempilo wezwe, ulawula imithi nemishini yezokwelapha, kanye nokucwaninga ngezimali zesayensi yezokwelapha. Ohulumeni boMbuso baqondisa ukugcinwa kwabaphathi bezokunakekela impilo, imishuwalense, ukuqapha komphakathi, kanye nokuphatha izinhlelo zezwe elihlangene zezombuso njenge-Medicaid.

I-Affordal Care Act (ACA), eyamiswa ngo-2010, yalungisa kabusha ukuhlukaniswa kwemithwalo yemfanelo emishayo engokwempilo. Uhulumeni wakhona wamisa izindinganiso ezingcono, wasungula izimakethe zempilo, futhi wanikeza izimali ezinikezekayo. I-United States yanikezwa ithuba lokwandisa iMedicaid kubantu abadala abathola imali efinyelela ku-888% yezinga lobumpofu obusemthethweni. Kusukela ngo-2024, amazwe angu-40 ne-Frigi yeColumbia baye bamukela i-Medicaid, kuyilapho amazwe ayishumi engayamukelanga, adala igebethi yemali yezigidi zabantu abadala abahlawulwa yizikhundla ezifunda ezingangeni eziphansi.

IMedicare ne-Medicaid: Izinsika ezimbili ze-Federal-StateDaliship

IMedicare, uhlelo lomshuwalense wezempilo kahulumeni wabantu abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu futhi abasha abathile abakhubazekile, ilawulwa ngokuphelele uhulumeni kahulumeni nge-Centre for Medicaid Services (Mdicaid Services). Uhlelo luhlanganisa ukunakekelwa kwesibhedlela, izinkonzo zeziguli, imithi kadokotela, nezinye izinzuzo. IMedicare isebenza ngaphandle kokuhileleka ngokuqondile kuhulumeni, nakuba amazwe ehlangene noMedicare ezindabeni ezinjengezisulu ezifanelekela iMedicare neMidicaid.

I-Medicaid, ngokwehlukile, iyisimiso esihlangene sikahulumeni wezwe esinikeza abantu abahlawulwa kancane nemikhaya. Uhulumeni umisa izimfuneko zesimiso ezibanzi futhi uvumelanisa imali esetshenziswayo ngokwezinga elisukela kumaphesenti angu-50 kuya kwamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-80, kuye ngokwemali kahulumeni ngamunye. Amazwe aklama izinhlelo zawo siqu ze-Medicaid ngeziqondiso zikahulumeni, ukunquma imikhawulo efihlwayo, izinkonzo ezicaciwe, izinkonzo ezikhokhelayo, amazinga okukhokha, nokuzala. Lokhu kuvumela ukuba amazwe angene, kodwa futhi kuphumela ekuhlukahlukeni okuhambisana, ukufinyelela, nokufinyelela kwezwe lonke.

Izinhlangano ze-Medicaid zikahulumeni ziyakwazi ukubhalisa, ukuxoxa nezinhlangano ezinakekela abaholi, ukumisa amanani okukhokhelwa kwezibhedlela nodokotela, kanye nokuqondisa ukuthembeka kwesimiso. Izifundazwe eziningi ziye zasebenzisa amaMedicaid abaphathi bezokuhlola izindlela ezintsha ezinjengezimfuneko zomsebenzi, ama-akhawunti emali yezempilo, noma izikhokhi zemali ezisekelwe entengisweni. Izinkonzo zemedicare & Medicaider Services, zisungula ukuhlanganisa okunamandla phakathi kwenguquko yombuso nokwengameleli kahulumeni.

Impilo Yomphakathi Nokuzilungiselela Ngokuphuthumayo

Uhulumeni uhola imizamo yesizwe yempilo ngoMnyango Wezempilo Nezenhlalakahle (HHS), iCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), kanye neNational Institutes of Health (NIH). Lezi zinkampani ziqhuba ukuqapha izifo, ukucwaninga ngezimali, iziqondiso zokwelapha, futhi zilondoloze i-Stec National Stockpile yezindawo zokwelapha. ICDC ihlela izindinganiso zemininingwane yezempilo yomphakathi ebika nokuhlela ukuqubuka kwezifo ezinqamule imigqa yezwe.

Izwe neminyango yezempilo yendawo isebenzisa izinhlelo zempilo yomphakathi. Baphethe imithola-mpilo yezempilo yomphakathi, bahlola izifo, bafaka imikhankaso yokugoma, futhi bahlola izingozi zempilo yendawo ezungezile. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVOVID-19, izifundazwe zathatha umthwalo oyinhloko wokuhlola, ukulandelela, nokusakaza umjovo, kuyilapho uhulumeni wanikeza izimali, isiqondiso, nokuthola imishini yokugoma nokwelapha. Lo mqedazwe waqokomisa kokubili amandla nobuthakathaka bobuhlobo bomphakathi obungokwempilo, kuhlanganise nezikhala ezisemisweni, ukusabela okuguquguqukayo, ukuhlelwa kwezimiso, nokuncishiswa kwemisebenzi yombuso.

Umnakekeli Wezokwelapha Nochwepheshe

Ohulumeni banegunya lokugunyaza ochwepheshe bezempilo, kuhlanganise nodokotela, abahlengikazi, osokhemisi, nezisebenzi zezempilo ezihlangene. Amabhodi ezokwelapha oMbuso ahlola izikhalo, aphoqelele iziqondiso zokusetshenziswa kwenqubo, futhi abeke iziqondiso lapho kudingekile. Uhulumeni wezwe ufeza indima esekelayo ngokumisa izindinganiso zokuphepha zezibhedlela ezihlanganyela eMedicare, ifuna ukuba bahlangabezane nezimo zokungenela kumalungelo eziguli, ukuhlaziya izinga laso, kanye nokulawula izifo.

IDrug Enforcement Administration (DEA), inhlangano kahulumeni, ilawula izinto ezilawulwayo, kuhlanganise nama-opioid kadokotela. Izwe linazo izinhlelo zokuhlola imithi ezigunyaziwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuxhashazwa nokuzilibazisa. Lesi sakhiwo sokubuyisela umthetho sidala kokubili izinselele eziqhubeka zivela njengemithi emisha nezindlela zokwelapha.

Ukuphepha Nokuphathwa Kwezimo Eziphuthumayo: Ukubambisana Kwendawo, Umbuso, Nokubambisana

Ukuphepha komphakathi e-United States kuhilela ukwahlukana okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kwemithwalo yemfanelo kuhulumeni, uhulumeni, nezindawo. Ukugcinwa komthetho, ukusabela ngenhlekelele, ukulondeka kwezwe, nokuphepha komphakathi ngakunye kuhlanganisa izinhlangano ezihlukene, iziphathimandla ezingokomthetho, nemithombo exhasa imali. Lesimiso siklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi alikho izinga likahulumeni elinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela izakhamuzi, kodwa ukubambisana phakathi kwezinga eliphakeme kuseyinselele.

Ukuphoqelelwa Komthetho Nobulungisa Besigebengu

Izinhlangano zezemthetho zendawo ziphatha ingxenye enkulu yamaphoyisa e-United States. Iminyango yamaphoyisa yendawo, amahhovisi abaphathi bezegebengu, nezinhlangano zikahulumeni ezigadayo zimisa imithetho yobugebengu, zisabela ezingcingweni zobugebengu, zihlola, futhi zigcina ukuhleleka emiphakathini yazo. Lezi zinkampani zisebenza ngaphansi kwezwe nangaphansi kwegunya lendawo, zinezakhiwo zokubusa ezihluka kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlangano zinezikhungo eziphethe umthetho, kuyilapho ezinye zithembele ezinhlanganweni ezizimele zezinkulungwane zeminyango yamaphoyisa ezizimele.

Indima yokugcinwa komthetho kahulumeni igxile ebugebengwini obuphambana-cala, amacala kahulumeni, nezinsongo zokhuseleko lwesizwe. I-Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) ihlola ubuphekula, i-computercrime, ubugebengu obuhleliwe, ukuphulwa kwamalungelo omphakathi, nokukhwabanisa okukhulu. IDrug Encorcement Administration ihlasela ukushushumbisa izidakamizwa nokusakaza imibango yemilaliso yezidakamizwa, i-Daccohova, i-Fireas, i-Firlosings ne-Exlosives (ATFF) iqinisa imithetho kahulumeni. Abashushici be-Fodrectory e-U.

Izimali ezixhaswayo ngezinhlelo ezinjenge-Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Alternant Grant (JAG) inikeza imithombo esemthethweni esemthethweni naseminyangweni yendawo yemishini, ukuqeqeshwa, nobuchwepheshe. UMnyango woMahluleli unikeza futhi izinhlelo zobupopu bomphakathi, ukuvinjelwa kobudlova, nezinkonzo zezisulu. Lemibhoshongo exhasayo iveza uhlelo lwethonya likahulumeni phezu kwezwe nabaphathi bendawo ngaphandle kwegunya eliqondile.

Ukulungiselelwa Kwenhlekelele Nokusabela Ngokuphuthumayo

I-FEMA iqondisa ukulungiselelwa kwenhlekelele, ukusabela, kanye nemizamo yokululama kahulumeni. I-FEMA ihlanganisa usizo lukahulumeni lapho izinhlekelele zidlula isilinganiso sikahulumeni nesendawo, inikeza izimali zemisebenzi yesikhashana, ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo, kanye nosizo ngalunye. Inhlangano futhi ilawula i-National Emergency Inshuwarence Program futhi inikeza iminikelo emazweni nasezindaweni lapho imidlalo eyingozi ibeka izingozi.

Izinhlangano eziqondisa izinhlekelele zikahulumeni zisebenza njengabaxhumanisi abayinhloko bezehlakalo zenhlekelele phakathi kwemingcele yazo. Ohulumeni banegunya lokumemezela izifundazwe zesimo esiphuthumayo, ukushukumisa i-National Guard, nesicelo sosizo sikahulumeni. Izikhungo zezimo eziphuthumayo zihlanganisa imithombo yezosizo ezikweminye imibuso, iziqondiso zokuthutha, futhi zisakaza imishini. Abaphathi bezimo eziphuthumayo basebenzisa amasu okusabela, izikhungo zokusebenza, futhi baxhumanisa abaphendula kuqala emphakathini.

I-Stafford Act imisa uhlelo olungokomthetho losizo lukahulumeni lwenhlekelele, idinga isicelo sobumongameli kanye nesimemezelo sobumongameli ngaphambi kokuba uhulumeni omkhulu angene ezifundeni. Lesi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuthi silondoloza umthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko wokulawula isimo esiphuthumayo kuyilapho sivumela uhulumeni ukuba anikeze amandla aphezulu nokusekela ngokwezimali phakathi nezenzakalo zenhlekelele. Isimiso siye sahlolwa kaningi ngeziphepho, iziphepho, izikhukhula, kanye nemlimele ye-COVOVID-19, ngezifundo eziholela eziqhubekayo ezinguqulweni eziqhubekayo zokulungisa, ukusabela, kanye nezinqubo zokululama.

Ukulondeka Kwezwe Lasekhaya Nesivikelo Somngcele

I-Derrement of Homeland Security (DHS), eyakhiwa ngo-2002, yahlanganisa izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni ezigxile ekulondekeni kwesizwe, ekuvikelweni komngcele, nasekunyanzelweni kwezindawo zokufuduka. I-CFOM and Borders Protection (CBP) ihlola imingcele yezwe, ihlola imithwalo, futhi iphoqe imithetho yokufuduka emathekwini okungena. U.S. I-Immigration and Customment Enforcementment (IE) ilawula ukugcinwa kwezokufuduka kwezwe, kuhlanganise nokuvalelwa nokususwa kwezindawo. I-Forgation Administration Administration (TS) yezenzwe ngezindiza ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezweni lonke.

Ohulumeni boMbuso benza indima elinganiselwe kodwa ekhulayo ekuqikelweni kwabantu ngokubambisana neziphathimandla zikahulumeni. Abanye bakhona baye bamisa imithetho efuna ukuba umthetho wendawo usebenze ne-ICE, kuyilapho abanye baye bamukela izimiso zethempeli ezivimbela ukubambisana okunjalo. Umbango phakathi kwegunya lombuso lombuso wokufuduka nombuso uye wabangela ukuphikisana okukhulu nemithetho elawula imingcele efanelekile yamandla kahulumeni.

Ukuphepha Komphakathi Nezinkonzo Zezokwelapha Eziphuthumayo

Ngaphandle kokugcinwa komthetho nokusabela kwenhlekelele, izakhiwo zokuphepha zihlanganisa izinkonzo zokwelapha eziphuthumayo (EMS), ukuvikela umlilo, nezimiso zempilo yomphakathi. Lezi zinkonzo zihlelwa ngokuyinhloko endaweni, ziqondiswa yizinhlangano zikahulumeni ezihlela izinhlelo zokuqondisa ezihlela izinhlelo ze-ambulensi, izitifiketi zezisebenzi, nokulungisa isimo esiphuthumayo sasesibhedlela. Uhulumeni usekela lezi zimiso ngezimali zemishini, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nezikhungo zokubambisana.

I-National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) ihlela izindinganiso zesizwe ze-EMS futhi inikeza isiqondiso ngokuphathelene nokuklanywa kwezimiso, ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa, nentuthuko yezinga eliphezulu. I-Health Resources and Service Administration (HRSA) inikeza izimali ezinkonzo zokwelapha zasemaphandleni kanye nentuthuko yesikhungo sokukhubazeka. Izinhlangano zezempilo zezwe zigunyaza i-EMS, zihlela izimiso zokuhlinzeka, futhi zisingatha imithetho yezokwelapha ephuthumayo.

Ukusebenzisa Imishini Nokulwela Uhulumeni

Ubuhlobo bezimali phakathi kukahulumeni, uhulumeni, nombuso wendawo busekela ukunikezelwa kwemfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, nezinkonzo zokuphepha. Imali enikezwa amazwe nezindawo ingahlukaniswa njengezipho ezizimele, eziqoqa izinhlelo eziqondile ezinezimo eziningi, noma iziphakamiso, ezinikeza ukuvumelana okubanzi. Izinhlelo eziningi ezibaluleke kakhulu zikahulumeni, njenge-Medicaid ne-Het I zisebenza njengezipho ezinikeza izimfuneko ezingokomthetho ezigunyaza ukuhwebelana ngezimali.

Ohulumeni bathembele ekuhlanganiseni kwentela yeholo, izintela zokuthengisa, kanye nokuthutha kukahulumeni ukuze basekele imithwalo yabo yemfanelo. Ohulumeni bendawo baxhomeke ngokuyinhloko ezintelani zempahla, ezinezelwa ngosizo lukahulumeni neminikelo yombuso. Ikhono lezifunda lihluka kakhulu, lithinta ikhono labo lokusekela imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, nokuphepha ngesilinganiso esifanelekile. Amazwe anemali ephakeme nezindawo zokukhokha intela eziqinile anganikeza izinkonzo eziphanayo, kuyilapho izifunda ezithola imali ephansi zivame ukuzama ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zezwe.

Umqondo we-fiscal unistism uchaza indlela lamalungiselelo emali adala ngayo izisusa nezithiyo kuhulumeni bendawo. Imali kaFederal ingakhuthaza amazwe ukuba amukele izinqubo ezithile, njengokwandisa iMedicaid noma ukuphakamisa inkathi yokuphuza engokomthetho, ngokubopha izimali ekuthotshelweni. Nokho, izifundazwe zingamelana nemithetho kahulumeni eziyibheka njengengagunyaziwe noma enzima kakhulu, iholele ekudingiseni izingxoxo eziqhubekayo ngemibandela yezinhlangano zikahulumeni.

Izinselele Zokubambisana Nokubambisana Kwabezinguhulumeni

Imithwalo yemfanelo ehambisanayo kahulumeni kahulumeni, kahulumeni, nowendawo idala amathuba okubambisana kodwa futhi idala izinselele. Ukungafani kwezinto eziza kuqala kwezombangazwe, isikhundla sokuqondisa, nokutholakala kwempahla kungaholela ezindaweni ezihlukene ekunikezeleni inkonzo, izimiso eziguquguqukayo, nokusebenza kwemizamo. Ukubambisana okuphumelelayo kwezindawo zombuso kudinga ukuxhumana okucacile, izimiso zemininingwane, ukwethembana, kanye nezinqubo zokuxazulula izingxabano.

Izinhlangano zochwepheshe, njenge-National Gurders Association, i-National Conference of State Legislatures, ne-Council of State State Populative, zivumela ukwaziswa nokubambisana kwezimiso phakathi kwezifundazwe. Izinhlangano zombuso zithintana nabaxhasi bezwe nendawo lapho kusungulwa imithetho nesiqondiso. Amabutho ahlangene emisebenzi, izivumelwano zokubambisana, futhi zinikeza izimo usizo oluhlanganisa imisebenzi ezindaweni ezihlukene zikahulumeni.

Naphezu kwalezi zinqubo, ukuhluleka kokusebenza kwezimiso kusekhona. Ukusabela kweSiphepho uKatrina ngo-2005 kwaveza ubuthakathaka obukhulu ekuxhumaneni kwezindawo ezisezweni phakathi nezinhlekelele eziwumbuso. Umqedazwe weCHOVID-19 wembula izikhala emininingwaneni yempilo yomphakathi, ukuthunyelelwa kwemiyalezo ehlukene kahulumeni, nezimpikiswano ngegunya lokulinganisela izinto njengegunya lokugunyaza ukufihla izifihla ubuso nokuvala ibhizinisi. Inkinga ngayinye iveza izifundo ezithuthukisa ukubambisana kwezesayensi yomphakathi, kodwa ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwalesimiso kusho ukuthi izinselele ziyaqhubeka zivela.

Ubudlelwane bezwe bezemfundo, impilo, nokuphepha bubonisa isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sombuso waseMelika. Izinga ngalinye likahulumeni liletha amandla ahlukile kulezi zinkonzo zomphakathi: uhulumeni unikeza izindinganiso zesizwe, ukuxhasa ukuhleleka, nokusebenzisana; izimo zinikeza ukuvumelana, ukusungulwa, nokusabela ezimweni zendawo; futhi ohulumeni bendawo banikeza izinkonzo ezihloselwe ukusekela izidingo zomphakathi. Inselele eqhubekayo iwukulinganisela ngokunempumelelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isimiso sisebenza ngokulinganayo yonke izakhamuzi kuyilapho siqhubeka sivumelana nezimo ezishintsha izimo.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe ngenqubo yemfundo kahulumeni, vakashela i-website U.S.U.Mnyango Wemfundo ye-ESSA ikhasi. Ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe kwe-Medicaid ne-oquality yezokwelapha ye-ovement kutholakala ngomkhankaso wenkonzo yomphakathi .gov. [ngezenhlekelele, hlola imithombo yezenhlekelele, .]