Eminyakeni yamuva, ababusi bezwe kulo lonke elase-United States baye baphendukela kakhulu ekusebenziseni ukwaziswa okunemininingwane esetshenziswayo ukuze babhekane nobumpofu. Kunokuba bathembele kumthetho ovulekile, izinhlelo ezilinganayo, abaholi manje basebenzisa imininingwane ephelele ukuze babambe imithombo yemali ngokunenzuzo yokuhlinza. Ngokusebenzisa ukwaziswa okuphathelene nemali, umsebenzi, imfundo, impilo, nezindlu, abalawuli bangahlukanisa abantu abasengozini kakhulu futhi bangenele lapho ukungenela kuyoba nethonya elikhulu khona. Lokhu akuwona nje ukuthambekela okuyisisekelo kokuthi ohulumeni balwe nobumpofu, kususa ekusebenziseni indlela esekelwe ekunikezeni ulwazi olusekelwe ebufakazini obubonisa ngokucacile, obunenzuzo, obunenzuzo kakhulu, futhi busebenza.

Izimali ziphakeme. Izizwe ngeqembu zichitha izigidi zezigidi zamaRandi unyaka ngamunye ezinhlelweni ezimelene nemali ekhokhelwayo nezitembu zokudla kuya ekuqeqesheni umsebenzi nasendlini engakwazi ukuthenga. Kodwa ngaphandle kokwaziswa okuqinile, leyomali ingaphambuka. Ukuphathwa kwemali kungavumela imibuso ukuba ilinganise imiphumela, ilungise izifundo ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi iqinisekise ukuthi wonke ama - dollar akhokhe intela asetshenziswa kakhulu. Njengomphumela, ababusi bazo zombili amaqembu bafaka imali emininingwaneni yokwaziswa, ukusebenzelana namayunivesithi, nokuvula imininingwane kahulumeni emphakathini. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela abaqondisi abasho ngayo ukuthi ikhokha intela isetshenziswa ngayo ekulweni nobumpofu.

Indima Yokwaziswa Ekuqondeni Ubumpofu

Imininingwane inendima ebalulekile ekususeni imizamo yobumpofu yokuncishiswa kwezenzo. Kunokuba balinde ukuba imikhaya ibhekane nenhlekelele, ababusi bangasebenzisa ukwaziswa ukuze balindele isidingo nokunikeza izinkonzo zisezingeni eliphambili. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuhlola amarekhodi akhona esikoleni nemininingwane yempilo, uhulumeni ungabona izingane ezisengozini yokuwela ebumpofwini ngaphambi kokuba imikhaya yazo ibhekane nokuwohloka ngokwezimali. Lokhu kungenela kwakuqala kungenzeka kuphela uma ukwaziswa okuvela ezinhlanganweni ezihlukahlukene kuhlanganiswa futhi kuhlolwa ndawonye.

Ukuthola Izimbangela Eziyinhloko

Ubumpofu abuvamile ukubangelwa yisici esisodwa. Ngokuvamile kuyimiholo eyinkimbinkimbi yezindaba ezihlangene − iholo eliphansi, ukuntuleka kwemali engakoleki yokunakekela izingane, impilo ebuthaka, ukucwaswa, nokuzihlukanisa kwendawo. Ukwaziswa kusiza ababusi ukuba bahlakaze lezizici futhi baqonde ukuthi yiziphi ezicini ezicindezelwe kakhulu esifundazweni sabo. Ngokwesibonelo, umbusi wasemaphandleni angathola ukuthi ukuntula kokuhamba kuyisiqobo esivimbela ukuba asebenze, kuyilapho umbusi wasedolobheni angabhekana nenkinga yokuziphilisa. Ngaphandle kolwazi, lezi zinqunywa zingahlala zingabonwa futhi izimiso zingalahlekelwa uphawu.

Ukuhlongozwa Kwenani Labantu Abasezingeni Eliphansi

Imininingwane yembula futhi ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu athinteka ngokungenakulinganiswa ngenxa yobumpofu. Ukuwohloka kobubha, ubulili, ubulili, nokukhubazeka kuvumela ababusi ukuba baklame ukungenela okuhloselwe. Ngokwesibonelo, abantwana abangaphansi kuka-5 bayiqembu leminyaka yobudala okungenzeka kakhulu ukuba liphile ezindaweni eziningi. Ngokuqeda ukukhubazeka kwemfundo yobumpofu yabantwana ngemfundo yabantwana yasekuqaleni yemfundo, umbusi anganikeza imali ngezinhlelo zangaphambi kweK ezindaweni abadinga kakhulu kuzo. Ngokufanayo, ukuveza amazinga aphakeme obumpofu phakathi komama abangaholela ekuthatheni izinyathelo zokunakekela izingane futhi akhokhele umkhaya.

Ukudweba Amachashaza Ezwe

Izimiso zokwaziswa ze-GOOgraphic (GIS) sezingamathuluzi abalulekile kubabusi. Ngokuhlela amazinga obumpofu ebalazweni eliseduze kokwaziswa ezikoleni, ezibhedlela, ezitolo, nasezitolo, nakuthuthwa komphakathi, abenzi bezimiso bangabona ukuthi kuphi ngempela lapho ubumpofu bugcwele khona nokuthi yiziphi iziphi izimali ezingekho. Ezinye izifundazwe, njenga Calinia, iveze amabhodi omphakathi abonisa ukwaziswa kobumpofu kuze kufike ephethini lomphakathi lokubala abantu. Lamathuluzi anika izikhulu zendawo nezinhlangano zomphakathi amandla okubambisana nohulumeni ezixazululweni ezihlongozo ezihlolwayo.

Imithombo Yokwaziswa Okuyinhloko Nezindlela Zokuxhumana

Ababusi bakahulumeni bathembele ohlwini olubanzi lwemithombo yokwaziswa ukuze bazise amasu abo okuqeda ubumpofu. Abanye balaba yiziphetho zikahulumeni ezingokwesiko, kuyilapho abanye bevela emarekhodini okuphatha noma emagumbini azimele. Ngezansi kusetshenziswa kakhulu izindlela zokwaziswa nendlela abazisa ngayo isimiso.

  • Imali efunyenweyo nezibalo zemisebenzi – iUS Censureal Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS) inikeza ukwaziswa kwaminyaka yonke ngeholo, isimo sobumpofu, nemisebenzi. Ohulumeni basebenzisa lezi zibalo ukuze banqume ukuthi izinhlelo ezifana ne-Medicaid ne-SNAP zikhona futhi bahlole ukuthi umnotho kazwe ukhula ngokuphelele.
  • Imfundo yoMnyango Wemisebenzi - Iminyango yemfundo yoMbuso iqoqa ukwaziswa ngamanani okuhlola, amazinga okuthweswa iziqu, nesiyalo sesikole. Ngokuxhumanisa lemininingwane nemali eholweni, ababusi bangabona amagebe okuphumelela nokutshala izikole ezisiza abafundi abathola imali ephansi. Izinhlelo ezifana iPromegingsting shaffage [[ eMichigan ihloselwe ukuhlaziya okunjalo.
  • Ukugula nokwezempilo u-Access Information - Amathenti emininingwane, amarekhodi okukhishwa kwesibhedlela, kanye nokuhlola okufana ne-Behavioral Rical Factor Surveillance System (BRFS) isiza ababusi ukuba baqonde imiphumela yempilo yobumpofu. Ngokwesibonelo, amazwe anamanani aphakeme esifo sikashukela phakathi kwenani elikhona lingandisa ukufinyelela ekuvimbeleni nasekudleni izinhlelo zokudla.
  • Ukukholisa i-Affordibility ne-Dimension yokungabi namakhaya – i-Department of Home and Urban Development (HUD) inikeza ukwaziswa emithwalweni yokuqasha, ekuxoshweni, nasekuthatheni amanani okungabi namakhaya. Ohulumeni bangadlula kulokhu ngokuthatha imininingwane yemali ukuze banike abaxhasi bezindlu nezikhungo zokukhokha izimo eziphuthumayo emiphakathini eminingi exhwaxhwalekile.
  • Ulwazi lwe-Demfographic - Inkathi, uhlanga, ubuzwe, kanye nokwaziswa okukhubazekile kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukulingana. Ababusi abaningi baye bamisa amabhodi amancane angalinganiyo [ abonisa ukuthi imizamo yobumpofu ifinyelela imiphakathi ngokulinganayo.

Izimiso ze-data ezixhunyiwe ziya ngokuya zisetshenziswa futhi ezihlanganisa amarekhodi anqamule izinhlangano. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Oregon’s ye-Dimension ye-live formformation System [ ihlanganisa ukwaziswa okuvela ezinkonzweni zabantu, imfundo, nezinhlangano zemisebenzi ukuze zinikeze umbono ongokwezimo zomkhaya ngamunye. Izimiso ezinjalo zisiza ababusi ukuba bahlole ithonya elihlangene lezinhlelo eziningi zezokusebenza futhi banciphise umthwalo wezokuphatha emikhayeni.

Indlela Abalawuli Abahumusha Ngayo Ukwaziswa Ngezenzo

Ukuqoqa ukwaziswa kuyisinyathelo sokuqala nje. Inselele yangempela isekuhumusheni ukuqonda ezimisweni ezishintsha ukuphila. Ababusi bakahulumeni bazama izindlela eziningana ukuvala igebe phakathi kokuhlaziywa kokwaziswa nokusetshenziswa kohlelo.

Ukusungula Izingxenye Zokwaziswa

Ababusi abaningi baye bakha amaqembu anikezelwe emininingwane phakathi kwamahhovisi abo noma ngaphansi kokulawula kwabo. Lamaqembu asebenza ngokwaziswa, izinombolo, nabahlaziyi abasebenza ngokuqondile nabaholi bezinhlangano ukuklama izinhlelo ezisekelwe kubufakazi. Isifundazwe i-Shahington[, ngaphansi koMphathi Jay Inslee, zenza i-[FLT:] i-Reults Washington[ inyathelo lokuqala, esebenzisa amabhodi emininingwane ukuze iqhubekele phambili intuthuko yobumpofu neminye imigomo. Ngokufanayo, [[FLT:] Colodo] [FFFFF:5] eda] [FFF:] [FFFF:]

Ukusebenzisa Ukulingisa Ukungenela Kwangaphambili

Izibalo zokubikezela zingenye yamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu enqolobaneni yokwaziswa. Ngokufaka ukwaziswa komlando ezingeni lokufunda ngomshini, izifunda zingabikezela ukuthi yiziphi izingozi ezinkulu zokuwela ebumpofwini noma zokungabi namakhaya. Ngokwesibonelo, isimo se uMassachusetts [ sashayela isibonelo esisebenzisa ukwaziswa okuvela ekunakekeleni izingane, inhlalakahle yabantwana, kanye ne-TANFF (Terary Transy Falies Families) ukuze kubonwe imikhaya engazuza esabelweni yokuzithandela. Uhlelo lwanciphisa amathuba okunakekela umntwana ozondla ngosizo ngo-20% nangoko kusindisa izigidi zezigidi zezindleko zokusabela.

Ukuhlobanisa Ukwaziswa Ezinqumweni Zohlelo Lohlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali

Abanye abalawuli bayimininingwane enziwa ngokuqondile enqubweni yokuhlela imali. Kunokuba bafake izimpawu zemigqa zezinhlelo zobumpofu, badinga izinhlangano ukuba zinikeze ubufakazi obusebenzayo. Ohio, iHhovisi lomphathi loHlathi lwemali noBuphathi busebenzisa indlela “eqala", ifuna izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukubonisa ukuthi izinhlelo zabo zilinganiswe ngezindlela eziqinile njengezindlela zokulingwa ezilawulwa ngokuzenzakalela. Izinhlelo ezingenakubonisa ukuthi ithonya liyasuswa, kuyilapho izinhlelo zobufakazi zithola imithombo eyengeziwe.

Amabhodi Omphakathi Nokulandisa Komphakathi

Ukubona ngendawo kuyingxenye eyisihluthulelo yokuphathwa kwemininingwane. Izifunda eziningi manje zinyathelisa amabhodi e-inthanethi abonisa ubumpofu ngesikhathi sangempela. Lama-clashboard avumela izakhamuzi, izintatheli, namaqembu e-advocara ukuba abeke ababusi bawo icala. Ngokwesibonelo, Nevada wadala ] I-Drevada-Driven Isinqumo-octen-octn shobon shoborborboard yomphakathi. Uma i-metric ibonisa ukunqamuka emsebenzini phakathi kwezakhamuzi ezingenisa imali ephansi, izibambi zindawo ezingasunduza ukuqondisa izinhlelo zokuqeqesha izisebenzi.

Ukuhlola kwe-Case: Ukunciphisa ubumpofu ngemininingwane

ECalifornia: Ukuhlasela Ubumpofu Bezingane Ngemininingwane Engafakiwe

UMbusi uGavin Newsom wenze ukuncishiswa kobumpofu kwaba yindawo eyinhloko, ikakhulukazi kubantwana. Ngo-2021, ukuqondisa kwakhe kwamisa i-California Child Polity Reduction Act , ebeka umgomo wokuqeda ubumpofu bezingane ngo-50% ngo-2030. Ukuhlela intuthuko, uhulumeni wakha isimiso sokwaziswa esihlangene esihlanganisa uMnyango WezezeNtlalo, uMnyango Wemfundo, noMnyango Wezezezenhlalakahle Zezempilo. Ukusebenzisa le mininingwane, kwaveza ukuthi ukwandisa i-Earth Cooth Crective (EATC) nokwanda kwe-CFRESC) kwanenzuzo enkulu kumntwana. Ngo-2022, i-California, izinhlelo zombili zezenyuswayo.

IMichigan: Ukusebenzisa I - GIS Ezindleni Zezindlu Ezibizayo

Umqondisi Gretchen Whitmer wasebenzisa ukwaziswa ezimalini zosizo ezikhona kuhulumeni eziwumshayabhuqe zezindawo zokuhlala. I-Michigan State Howard Development Authority (MSDA) yahlaziya ukuxoshwa kwemininingwane yezezimali, izilinganiso zokuqasha imithwalo, kanye nokutholakalela abantu abangenamakhaya ezingeni lesifunda. Bathola ukuthi izinombolo ezine ezibekwe ezingaphezulu kwamashumi ama-60% ezindlu zikahulumeni ezintengantengantengiswayo. Ngokusebenzisa leyo mininingwane, umbusi waqondisa izigidi ezingu-R350 kulezo zibalo zosizo lokuqasha nentuthuko yezindlu ezibiza imali enele. Indlela yokuthatha izimpahla yaphumelela kakhulu kangangokuba i-MSHSHDA manje isebenzisa leyo mininingwane efanayo ukuze ibambe zonke izindawo zokutshala imali.

ETexas: Ukuqeqeshelwa Umsebenzi Ngemininingwane Yezisebenzi

Ikhomishane yezisebenzi kaMbusi Greg Abbott, iTexas Workfort Solutions, isebenzisa ukwaziswa emazingeni okuntula umsebenzi, ukukhula kwezemboni, kanye nezindawo zolwazi ngabanye ukuze kunikeze ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi. Lapho ukwaziswa kubonisa ukuthi indawo yaseHouston yayinenani eligunyaziwe labasizi abahlengikazi (CNAS) kodwa inani elikhulu lezisebenzi ezisebenza esitolo, izwe lasekela uhlelo lokuqeqesha ngesihle izisebenzi eziqeshiwe ezithengisayo. Uhlelo lwabeka abantu abangaphezu kuka-1,200 emisebenzini yezemisebenzi yezemisebenzi yezezimboni ngokwezinyangeni eziyisithupha, nesilinganiso semali yemali engu-90% ngemva konyaka owodwa. Ihhovisi lombusi izimali zokungena kwemininingwane ye-data yesimiso, izindleko zokusebenza kohlelo, hhayi ukuthi ibiza uR3 000 ngesilinganiso se-R1,000 ngesilinganiso sezinhlelo ezifanayo ze-R1,000 ze-R1,000 zezinhlelo zesifunda.

Ukunqoba Izinselele: Ukuba Wedwa, Ukunemba Nokukwazi Ukuzenzela Izinto

Naphezu kwesithembiso sawo, ukunciphisa ukwaziswa okuhambisana nobumpofu kunezithiyo. Uhulumeni kumelwe alawule izimayini zezindaba eziyimfihlo, izimpikiswano zezinga lokwaziswa kanye nokumelana nezinhlangano.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemininingwane Yabantu Nokusetshenziswa Kwabo Ngokwesayensi

Ukukhipha ukwaziswa okuvela ezinhlanganweni eziningi kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu mayelana nokufihla imfihlo nokusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla. Imikhaya esebumpofwini kakade isisengozini, futhi ukugadla kokuqapha kukahulumeni kungayivimbela ekufuneni usizo. Ukusingatha lokhu, izigaba eziningi ziye zamukela ukwenziwa kwezimpawu ze-ligiagnome[[ izisekelo. Njengesibonelo, [[FLT:]] [[FLT]] i-asextitut [[[[FLT:]] yasungula i-Coltiventialtive [[[, esebenzisa izimpawu zemininingwane ecacile futhi idinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindlela ezingaqiniseki izingozi zezinhlanga noma zezomnotho ziveza izingozi zezenhlalakahle nezimiso zezezezezezezenhlalakahle zezezeluleko.[FLT:]

Ukusiza Ukwaziswa Okunembile Nokunembile

Imininingwane iwusizo kuphela uma inembile futhi ikhona. Izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni zithembele ezindleleni zokuqoqa ukwaziswa eziphelelwe isikhathi, njengezindlela zephepha noma izinhlelo ezinama-data ezingaxhumani. I-data-edriven ingalulazwa yimininingwane emibi. Ukulwa nalokhu, izifunda zifaka izimali zesayensi zezesayensi zemininingwane yezesayensi [[FLT:], kuhlanganise ne-APIS, indawo yokugcina imfucu, kanye namapayipi angempela emininingwane yemininingwane. Ngokwesibonelo, [FLT]sssssssssssss sethievate jot remont tame ezindaweni zonke ezivumela izinhlangano ukuba zihlanganyele ulwazi lwazolwazi lwazomuntu oseduze. Isimo sesimo sokuzinzisa ubumpofu senyanga, kunokunikeza umbusi onele.

Ukwakha Ikhono Lobuchwepheshe

Ohulumeni abaningi bamazwe abanazo isayensi yolwazi oluphezulu ukuze basebenzise izinqubo ezicubungulayo. Ukuthatha nokulondoloza ikhono lokwaziswa kuyinselele engapheli, ikakhulukazi uma amaholo omkhakha ephakeme. Ohulumeni baye basabela ngokwenza [data yobudlelwane [ kanye nokusebenza namayunivesithi. New York [[FLT:]], ngaphansi koMlawuli uKathy Hochul, waveza ubufakazi obuthiwe [[[FLT:] New York] Cribe Analytics[FLT:], uhlelo oluhloba abafundi abasuka eSYD besebenza ezinhlanganweni zezembutho. Uhlelo luvene ubufakazi obungaphezulu eminyakeni emibili.

Ikusasa Lokunciphisa Ubumpofu Bemininingwane

Ukulawula kokwaziswa okulawulayo kushesha. Izimo eziningi cishe ziyohlela indlela ababusi abalwa ngayo nobumpofu eshumini leminyaka elizayo.

Ukuhlakanipha Okusebenzayo Nokufunda Ngomshini

I-AI nomshini wokufunda kuyovumela izimo ukuba zihambe zisuka ekuchazeni ama-analytic (lokho okwenzeka) ekubhaleni kuqala ama-alytic (okumelwe sikwenze). Ngokwesibonelo, isampuli yomshini ongahlola izinkulungwane zezinguquko ukuze kutuswe ukuxubana okungcono kwezinhlelo zomkhaya ngamunye(job, ukuqeqesha kwabantwana, usizo lokudla, noma imali", esekelwe kwimiphumela ebikezelwe. Abashayeli bakuqala Awalama [ukuphathwa kwezembula]] i-Albhacam-AI - jan yezemparern yezempare ibonise ukuthi ukuncitha isikhathi esichithwa yimikhaya echitha impofu kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-18.

Imininingwane Yesikhathi Sangempela Nezindawo Zokupheka Eziqhubekayo

Esikhundleni semibiko yaminyaka yonke, izinhlelo zesikhathi esizayo zizosebenzisa ukwaziswa kwangempela ukuze zilungise ngokushesha. I-inthanethi yezinto (IOT) imishini ye-TC, imininingwane yocingo, kanye nenzuzo ye-electronic (EBT) amarekhodi okuthengiselana anganikeza izimpawu ezifinyele-mincane zosizi lwezomnotho. Umbusi angase abone isisindo esisetshenziswayo esitembu sokudla esifunda esithile futhi ngokushesha athumele ama-partry okudla noma alungise amazinga e-SNAP azuzisayo.

Ukuxubanisa Isimiso Sesiphambano Nemininingwane

Ubumpofu abuzihloniphi izintambo zikahulumeni. Ukufuduka kwezwe, izimakethe zezisebenzi ezisezindaweni, kanye nokuphazanyiswa kwemisebenzi kuthinta konke ubumpofu. Ohulumeni baqala ukuhlanganisa ukwaziswa ngaphesheya kwemingcele ngemishini enjenge uMbusi wesizwe we-State Innovation Network ye-. Lokhu kubenza bakwazi ukuphawula imizamo yabo yobumpofu ngokuncishiswa kwemibuso yontanga futhi bamukele imikhuba emihle kakhulu eye yavunyelwa kwezinye izindawo.

Isiphetho

Ukusetshenziswa okufanelekile kokwaziswa kwababusi bombuso kuguqula imizamo yokunciphisa ubumpofu isuka ekuqageleni isayensi. Ngokuthola izimbangela eziyisisekelo, ukuhlasela abantu abasengozini, nokuhlola imiphumela esikhathini sangempela, ababusi bangaklama ukungenela kokubili okuphumelela kakhulu nokuphumelela kakhulu. Nakuba izinselele ezithintana nemfihlo, ukunemba, kanye namandla kusekhona, ukuguqula kucacile: ikusasa lenqubo yokulwa nobumpofu lilawulwa yimininingwane. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka futhi bukhula, lezi zindlela ziyothuthukisa kakhulu, ziholele ekusebenziseni imingcele ehlelekayo nehlala njalo yemiphakathi yabantu ezweni lonke. Ababusi abamukela lokhu kuguqulwayo bayokwenza ukufana okujule kakhulu kobumpofu − futhi yibo abamisa izinga eliphakathi eliphethe, imiphumela ephethe, ewukubusayo.