Isingeniso: Isisekelo Segunya Lezombangazwe

Umthetho uyitshe eliqinile lapho kwakhiwe khona ukubusa okuqinile nokuphumelelayo. Kumelela ilungelo lokuziphatha nokusemthethweni lombuso lokusebenzisa amandla phezu kwezakhamuzi zawo, elisekelwe ekuvumeni nasekuqapheleni ababuswayo. Ngaphandle kobungangameli, ngisho nemibuso enamandla kakhulu ingawohloka ngenxa yokungalaleli, ukuvukela, nokungalawuleki komphakathi. Ukuqonda indlela ohulumeni abazuza futhi balondoloze ngayo igunya kubalulekile kososayensi bezombangazwe, abenzi bezimiso, nezakhamuzi ngokufanayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izisekelo zezimiso zobuqotho, imithombo ehlukahlukene ewusebenzisayo, izindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukuze bayivikele, futhi izinselele ezingapheli ezisongela ukuyiqeda. Ngokuhlola indaba engokomlando neyo, singathola izifundo zokuthuthukisa izimiso zezombangazwe eziqinile nezithenjwayo.

Ukuqonda Umthetho: Imisebenzi Yokubala

Umthetho awuyona inqubo eyodwa, ewuhlobo olulodwa kodwa inqubo ehlukene kakhulu esebenza kuwo womabili amazinga avamile nawama-emperal. Ukusemthethweni kubuza ukuthi uhulumeni ufanele ukuthotyelwa yini ngokwezimiso zokuziphatha noma zefilosofi. Umthetho we-Empiraligic ugxile ukuthi izakhamuzi ngempela [[FLT] futhi wamukele ukuthi uhulumeni unalo ilungelo lokubusa. Kubezombangazwe, uMax We’Artartriarts uhlala esekelwe ekuqondeni imithombo yokusebenza komthetho.

Izinhlobo Ezintathu Zegunya Lika - “weber ”

  • Igunya lobuKhomanisi-Régal: Loluhlobo lusekelwe ekukholelweni ekubekeni umthetho wemithetho emisiwe nelungelo lalabo abaphakanyiselwe egunyeni ngaphansi kwemithetho enjalo ukuba bakhiphe imiyalo. Imibuso elawulayo yanamuhla, nemithetho yayo yemithetho-sisekelo, nokhetho, kanye nezimiso ze-bureaucratics, ngokuyinhloko ixhomeke kuloluhlobo. Isihluthulelo siwukuthi igunya lihlanganiswe nehhovisi, hhayi umuntu ngamunye.
  • Igunya lomlando: lisekelwe ezinkolelweni ezimisiwe ebungcweleni bamasiko akudala kanye nokufaneleka kwalabo abasebenzisa igunya ngaphansi kwawo. Izimiso zezikhulu, imikhandlu yesizwe, nezakhiwo zobufandane ziveza igunya elingokwesiko. Ukukhuthazela kwayo kuxhomeke ekuhlonishweni okuqhubekayo ngomthetho nohlu lozalo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Igunya lobukhomanisi: lisuselwa ekuzinikeleni kusuka ebungcweleni obukhethekile, ubuqhawe, noma ubuntu obuyisibonelo bomuntu. Abaholi bokuziphendukela kwemvelo, abaprofethi, namaqhawe empi bavame ukuzuza ukulunga ngokusetshenziswa kozibuthe. Nokho, i-charma iguquguquka ngokwemvelo futhi kumelwe ithuthwe (ngokuvamile ibekwe ngokwendlela engokomthetho noma ngokwezimo ezingokwesiko) ukuze ilawuleke ngokuqhubekayo.

Ohulumeni abaningi banamuhla bahlanganisa izici zazo zontathu, kodwa uhlelo lokuhlanganisa okungokomthetho lubusa ezweni lanamuhla. Ukushaya umthetho kuhlanganisa futhi nobulungisa besizwe: izakhamuzi zisengozini kakhulu ukwamukela imiphumela, ngisho nezingemihle, uma zibona izinqubo zokwenza izinqumo zilungile futhi zikhanya.

Imithombo Yemithetho Kahulumeni

Ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zikaWeber ezifanelekayo, ohulumeni bagunyaza izinto eziningana ezihlobene, ngokuvamile lezi mithombo ziyahlangana futhi ziqinisane, kodwa ngayinye inikeza isisekelo esihlukile sokwethembana komphakathi.

Ukusebenza Nokukhula Kwezomnotho

Ohulumeni abaletha imiphumela engokoqobo − njengokuchuma kwezomnotho, ukulondeka komphakathi, izakhiwo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, nemfundo − "arhenn lokho ososayensi bezombangazwe abakubiza ngokuthi “ukulunga.” Lokhu kusobala ikakhulukazi ezifundazweni zentuthuko eMpumalanga Asia. Ngokwesibonelo, iQembu lamaKhomanisi laseChina liye lathembela kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni okusheshayo kwezomnotho nokwehla kobumpofu ukuze lilondoloze ilungelo lalo, njengoba inkululeko yezombangazwe ihlala ilinganiselwe. Ngokufanayo, izimangaliso zezomnotho zangemva kwempi eJapane naseNtshona Jalimane zivusekubuyiselweni ngokomthetho ngemva kokubhujiswa kweMpi Yezwe II.

Ukuhlanganyela Kwentando Yeningi Nokukhetha

Ukhetho olukhululekile nolulungile luyindlela ebonakalayo kakhulu yokunikeza izikhalo ngokomthetho ezimisweni zentando yeningi. Uma izakhamuzi zinethuba lokukhetha abaholi bazo ngezinqubo ezithembekile, zokuncintisanayo, nezigcwele, zithambekele kakhulu ekubhekeni uhulumeni olandelayo njengogunyaziwe. Ukukhetha futhi kusebenza njengendlela yokuzivumela, ivumele abantu ukuba baveze izikhalo futhi bajezise noma bajezise. Nokho, ukujula kwezindaba zokuhlanganyela: ukuthembeka akudingi nje ukuvota kodwa futhi kudinga ukufinyela kwenkululeko yomphakathi, inkululeko yokuveza, kanye nelungelo lokuhlanganisa.

Ukubusa Komthetho Nomthetho

Uhulumeni ozithoba emthethweni () futhi usebenzisa imithetho ngokungaguquguquki nangengakhethi, unikeza umthetho ngokubonisa ukuthi awungaphezu kwemithetho. Izikhulu zejaji ezizimele, isivikelo samalungelo abantu, kanye nokuhlola uphawu lwamandla okubusa ezakhamuzini ukuthi igunya liboshelwe futhi liqondiswe. Ukubusa komthetho kubaluleke kakhulu emiphakathini yezinhlanga eziningi, lapho amaqembu amancane edinga khona isiqinisekiso sokuthi umbuso uyovikela amalungelo awo ngaphandle kokukhetha.

Ukubambisana Kwezenhlalo Nezindinganiso Ezihlangene

Umqondo wesivumelwano senhlalo − abantu abathengisa inkululeko ethile yokulondeka nempahla yomphakathi − unikeza isisekelo sefilosofi sobugunya. Ohulumeni bazuza umthetho ngokuhlanganisa izenzo zabo nezindinganiso ezibanzi nezimpawu zesizwe. Ngokwesibonelo, amazwe ase-Nordic alondoloza ukwethenjwa okukhulu ngezifunda zezenhlalakahle eziqinile ezibonisa ukubambisana okuhlangene. Ngokungafani, ukubekwa ngokomthetho kuyenzeka lapho izimiso zibonakala ziphula kakhulu isimilo esingokwesiko noma esingokwenkolo, ngaphandle kokuba uhulumeni uthethelele ukuncishiswa kwemithetho ngeminye imithombo yegunya.

Izindlela Zokuthola Ilungelo Lokungagunyazi

Ukuzuza ilungelo lokwethembeka kuyinqubo esebenzayo edinga amasu enhloso abaholi bezombangazwe nezinhlangano.

Umklamo Womthetho - sisekelo Nenhlangano

Ukusungulwa kwezincwadi nezakhiwo zezindawo kwamisa uhlelo lokuqala lobu ngokomthetho. Umthetho-sisekelo owenziwe ngokucophelela ohlukanisa amalungelo, ohlukanisa imibuso, futhi ovumela ukulungisa ungathola ukwamukelwa kabanzi uma uvela enqubweni ehlukene. Umthetho-sisekelo wangemva kobupanishi be-South Africa, owagcizelela isithunzi, ukulingana, nokubuyisana, ubonise indlela umklamo wenhlangano ongasiza ngayo ekuphulukiseni umphakathi ohlukene futhi umise ubuqotho bombuso omusha.

Ukukhetha Okuvamile Nokukhetha I - Referenda

Ukwenza ukhetho oluvamile akuyona nje imfuneko engokwesiko kodwa isiko elinamandla lokubusa ngentando yeningi. Ohulumeni abaqala ukubusa ngokhetho olugunyazwe kakhulu banganikeza igunya lokubusa. URefera ngezindaba ezithile (umz., izinguquko zomthetho-sisekelo, izinqumo zendawo) zingajulisa ukufaneleka ngokuhilela ngokuqondile izakhamuzi ezikhethelweni ezinkulu. Nokho, ukukhetha okuyiphutha okubangelwa ukukhwabanisa, ukucindezela, noma ukuntula ukuncintisana (umncintiswano) futhi kungasenza singasebenzi sonke isimiso.

Ukuhlola Nokukhululeka Komphakathi

Ngaphandle kokhetho lwezikhathi ezithile, ohulumeni bangafaka izakhamuzi emahholo amadolobha, emihlanganweni yezakhamuzi, ukuxoxa ngezobuchwepheshe, nokusebenzisa imali yokuhlukanisa. Lezizindlela zibonisa ukuthi ababusi bayalalela futhi bazimisele ukuhlanganisa imibono ehlukene. Izinyathelo zentando yeningi ezizimele, njengeSishaya-Provice seZintu ezithi zishintshe inguquko eCanada noma iSishaya-Ngqungquthela se-Irish esiphathelene nokukhishwa kwezisu, zibonise ukuthi ukucubu okucophelelayo, okunolwazi lungaveza imiphumela esemthethweni ngisho nasezindabeni zengxabano.

Ukubeletha Kwenkonzo Okuphumelelayo

Ukunikeza izinzuzo ezibonakalayo ngezantsi kwezindawo ezingaphandle, izikole, izibhedlela, amanzi ahlanzekile, amanetha okuphepha komphakathi kuqinisa ngokusemthethweni ukusebenza ngokomthetho. Uma umbuso ufaneleka futhi usabela, izakhamuzi zizimisele kakhulu ukukhokha izintela futhi zivumelane nemithetho. Intuthuko esheshayo yezinkonzo zomphakathi eSingapore nase Rwanda, ngokwesibonelo, iye yasiza labohulumeni ukuba balondoloze ukufaneleka okuqinile naphezu kwezici zobuphostoli. Nokho, ukufaneleka komthetho kungantengantengantenga: uma uhulumeni ehluleka ukusekela ukukhokha izintela, ukwethemba kungashabalala ngokushesha.

Uphawu Lwe - arratives Nesizwe

Ohulumeni bahlakulela ngokuzikhandla ukufaneleka ngezimpawu: amafulegi, amaculo esizwe, izikhumbuzo, amaholide angokomthetho, nezinkulumo. Lezi zimpawu ziqinisa ukuchazwa nokuqhubeka. Ukulandisa kwesizwe okugcizelela izinganekwane, ukunqoba, noma izimpi zomphakathi (umz., iNguquko yaseMelika, inhlangano yokuzibusa yamaNdiya) isiza ukubopha izakhamuzi kuhulumeni. Kwezinye izimo, ohulumeni basebenzisa lezizigijimi ukuze baphazamise ukuhluleka, kodwa ukusekela kwamasiko okuqotho kungaba amandla anamandla.

Ukulondoloza Ukufaneleka Ngokuhamba Kwesikhathi

Ukuba ummeli akuyona impumelelo yesikhathi esisodwa; kumelwe ikhuliswe ngokuqhubekayo. Ukulungiswa kwesikhathi eside kudinga izinhlangano eziqinile, ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo, kanye nokujwayela izimo ezishintshayo.

Ukubona Ingaphandle Nokubusa Okuvulekile

Ukuvuleka kwezenzo zikahulumeni, izinqumo, nezindleko kwakha ukuthembana. Ukuthatha ama-athom, inkululeko yemithetho yokwaziswa, nezinhlelo zomthetho ezihleliwe kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zihlole ababusi bazo. Ukubona kahle kunciphisa indawo yenkohlakalo nokwenza izinqumo zobushiqela. Amazwe anjenge-Estonia ne-New Zealand aye ahola endleleni ekwakheni ulwazi olubanzi, ngokungaguquki aphakeme ekuthembeni nasekunqumeni ngokusemthethweni.

Imishini Engalandisa

Ukhetho oluvamile luyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokulandisa, kodwa ezinye izinqubo − njengezinqumo ezizimele, i-ombudsmen, amakhomishane okulwa nokonakala, nokuhlola kokwahlulela − lungagcina ukufaneleka phakathi kwemijikelezo ye-votor. Uma izikhulu zibekwa icala lokuziphatha okubi, umphakathi uqaphela ukuthi akekho ongaphezu komthetho. Ngokungafani, isijeziso siqeda umthetho ngokushesha. Ukuncishiswa kokubusa komthetho eHungary nasePoland ngaphansi kohulumeni abakhohlisi kubonisa indlela ukulahlekelwa kwesibopho sokuziphendulela komthetho okunganciphisa ngisho nezimiso zedemokrasi ezimiswe isikhathi eside.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithetho Nokungakhathaleli

Izinhlangano ziguqula, futhi ohulumeni kumelwe bavumelanise izimiso zabo ukuze babhekane nezinselele ezintsha nokushintsha kwemathemba omphakathi. Ukuhluleka ukusabela ekufuneni ukulingana, isivikelo sendawo ezungezile, noma ukushintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kungaholela ekuncishisweni kwenkululeko. Ukungathonyeki (ukungaboni ukuthi amaqembu ahluliwe anezwi nesigxobo esilawulayo) kubalulekile kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, kuhlanganise nabesifazane, izigaba zobuzwe, nabantu bomdabu abasebenzela iziqu ezibonisa ukuthi zilungile.

Isinqumo Esingqubuzanayo Nokuphathwa Kwezinkathazo

Lapho kuphakama izinkinga zezomnotho ($umnotho, izifo eziwumshayabhuqe, izinhlekelele zemvelo, izimpi zombango), indlela uhulumeni asabela ngayo ingazenza zibe semthethweni noma iqede. Ukusebenza, ukubonakala kwangaphandle, nokuphathwa kwezinkinga ngokungakhethi kuqinisa ukwethembana, kuyilapho ukungakwazi noma ukukhetha kulimaza. Imiphumela evumelanayo phakathi nomqedazwe weCOVID iyafundisa: amazwe anjengeNew Zealand neJapane akhuluma ngokucacile futhi enza ngokushesha alondoloza ukuthemba okukhulu, kuyilapho amanye ahluleka ukusabela kwabonakala kuntengala.

Izinselele Kuhulumeni Oyigunya

Ukuqonda lezi zinselele kubalulekile kohulumeni nezakhamuzi abafisa ukulondoloza izimiso ezinempilo zezombangazwe.

Ukonakala NobuCronyism

Mhlawumbe usongo olubhubhisa kakhulu, inkohlakalo ilulaza umbono wokuthi uhulumeni ulungile, ungokomthetho, futhi usiza umphakathi. Lapho izakhamuzi zibona izikhulu zizicebisa noma zisizana nabasizi bazo, ukuthembana kuyawohloka. Amahlazo enkohlakalo aphakeme aye awisa ohulumeni eBrazil, eNingizimu Korea, nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. Ngisho nalapho abaholi bengasolwanga ngokuqondile, isiko lokujeziswa lingabangela ukubhikisha nokungalaliswa okusemthethweni.

Ukwanda Kwezombangazwe Nobumbango

Ukuhlukana okujulile kwemibono kungaqeda ukufaneleka ngokwenza ukubusa kubonakale kungubuhlanga futhi kuphelele. Izinhlangano zePopulist zivame ukubekela izinhlangano inselele (izinkantolo, imithombo yezindaba, iziphathimandla zokhetho) njengezezecala, zikhuthaza “abantu bangempela kanye nomphakathi okhohlakele” ukulandisa. Nakuba i-populisism ingathuthukisa ukufaneleka komholi okwesikhashana, inganciphisa ukuhlelwa kwezakhiwo. Ukuphakama kwamaqembu amelene nokumiswa kwemithetho e-Europe kanye ne-United States kuye kwavivinya ukuqina kwezimiso zentando yeningi.

Ukuwohloka Kwezomnotho Nokungalingani

Inkinga yezezimali yembulunga yonke yabangela ukulahleka okungokomthetho kohulumeni kulo lonke elaseNtshonalanga ngo-2008, okwabangela ukubhikisha okukhulu nokuthatheka kwezombangazwe. Ngokufanayo, ukuvukela kweNjingantengo yama-Arabia kwabhebhethekiswa kakhulu ukuphelelwa yizomnotho nokungaboni ngokomthetho.

Ukungatholakali Kwamaqiniso Ahlukahlukene

Kulenkathi yokungavumelani kwezenhlalo ne-algorithic, ukulandisa okungamanga kungasakazeka ngokushesha, kususe ukhetho, izinyathelo zempilo yomphakathi, nobuchwepheshe bezesayensi. Uma izakhamuzi zingavumelani ngamaqiniso ayisisekelo, isisekelo esifanayo sokuphuka okungokomthetho kokubusa. Ohulumeni balwa nokulwa nokungacubungula ngaphandle kokuphendukela ekuhloleni, okubangela izingozi ezingokomthetho. Inselele ende iwukuphinda zethemba emithonjeni yokwaziswa ethembekile nasezinqubweni zentando yeningi.

Izinkinga Zokuhwebelana Kwembulunga Yonke Nobukhosi

Izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke, izivumelwano zezohwebo, nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe zingabonakala zingenaso isinqumo sentando yeningi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni ubukhosi obubonakalayo nokufaneleka kohulumeni bezindawo. Ukumelana ne-European Union kwezinye izizwe ezisemalungwini nakuzo zonke izivumelwano zezentengiselwano ezikhululekile emhlabeni wonke kubonisa lokhu kucindezeleka. Ohulumeni kumelwe basebenzise phakathi kwezinzuzo zokubambisana kwembulunga yonke kanye nesidingo sokugcina umbono wokuthi bahlala belandisa ezakhamuzini zabo.

Ukuhlola Icala Ngokungagunyazi

Ukuhlola indlela ohulumeni abaye basebenzisa ngayo ukulwela nokunakekela ukufaneleka kunikeza izifundo eziqinile. Ngezansi, sibala izibonelo ezintathu zokuqala bese sinezela owesine.

E - United States: Ukukhuthazela Komthetho - sisekelo

I-United States iye yagcina ukufaneleka emakhulwini amabili eminyaka ikhona ngomthetho-sisekelo wayo, owenziwe wagunyaza umthetho-mthetho futhi unikeza ukuguqulwa okuhlelekile kokubusa. Naphezu kokwehlukana okukhulu .IMpi Yombango, i-Civil Rights, inhlangano yama-2020 yokhetho, izinhlangano eziyinhloko (iNkantolo Ephakeme) zibonise ukuthi imvume yomphakathi iqinisekisiwe. Izikhathi zenhlekelele, njenge-Watergate, zibonisa isimiso sokuziphendulela emsebenzini. Nokho, ukuncipha kwamuva kwe-2020 kwe-ov kubonise ukwehla okuqinile kokuthembana kukahulumeni kusukela ngo-1960) kubonisa ukuthi ukukholeka kwemithetho engokomthetho. ISibhedlele sika-Oli ka-January 6, 2021, kanye nokuzisho okuqhubekayo kokukhohlisa okuqhubekayo.

ENingizimu Afrika: Ukwakha Imithetho Ngobulungisa Bokudlulisela Icala

Ukuguqulwa kwe-South Africa ukusuka ohlwini lwentando yeningi ngo-1994 kuyisibonelo sencwadi efundwayo yokwakha ngokomthetho engxenyeni ejulile. I-African National Congress (ANC) ngaphansi kukaNelson Mandela yasebenzisa ukubusa okuhlanganisayo, iqiniso nenhlangano yokubuyisana, kanye nomthetho-sisekelo oqhubekayo ukuze ithole ngokomthetho kokubili emakhaya namazwe onke. Ukugcizelelwa kokulungisa ubulungisa kanye “nesizwe esinemifantu” kwasiza ekuphulukiseni amanxeba. Nokho, amahlazobezo enkohlakalo nentengo yezomnotho kuye kwanciphisa ukusebenza kwe-ANCS, kuholela ekuvuseleleni ukudumazeka nokuhlukana kwezombangazwe. Indaba ibonisa ukuthi impumelelo yokuqala kumelwe iqiniswe ngokubusa okuhle okuqhubekayo.

EChina: Umthetho Wempatho Nokulawula KoMbuso

EChina: Umthetho Wempatho Nokulawula KoMbuso

Njengoba ingenakho ukukhetha kwentando yeningi, i-China incike kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngokusemthethweni − ngokwengxenye enkulu ekukhuleni kwezomnotho, ukuncishiswa kobumpofu, kanye nokugcinwa kwezesisekelo kwanamuhla .ukugcinwa komphakathi. Uhulumeni futhi udonsela i-custom egunyeni elingokwesiko (iNkathi yeMidaba yeZulu) nensali enamandla yokuguqula iMaoist. Ukulawula okuqinile kokwaziswa kanye nomphakathi kunciphisa izinselele, kodwa ukuphikisa ngezikhathi ezithile (umk., iHong Kong, ukuhlasela kwezehlakaniphithize) kwembula izingxabano eziyisisekelo. Isibonelo seChina siphumelela ekuthuthukiseni ukuqina nokukhula kwezindinganiso zokuphila, kodwa kusekunciphekasana kwezomnotho. Uhulumeni ukunciphisa ukuncipheka kwe-COVID futhi ukwanda kokwanda komsakazo wokuqala, nakuba inqubo yokukhokhaza kamuva nokushintsha kwenqubo.

Ngemva Kwempi IJalimane: Ukusuka Ekunqotshweni Kuya Ekukhubazekeni Kwentando Yeningi

Ngemva kokuwa kweJalimane lobuNazi, kwadingeka ukuba kuqaliswe kabusha ukuqanjwa ngokusemthethweni. IFederal Republic of Germany (West Germany) yamukela umthetho oMkhulu ngo- 1949, igunya elingokomthetho eliqinile, uhulumeni, nenkantolo eqinile yomthetho-mthetho. “isimangaliso sezomnotho” sama-1950 no 1960 sanikeza ukusebenza okusemthethweni, kuyilapho ukuphinde kungenele emishadweni yaseNtshonalanga (NAOTO, Coal and Steel Community) sanezela ukuvumelana okuqhubekayo. Ukuhlanganiswa okunokuthula ngo-1990 kwaqinisa ukufaneleka okwengeziwe. Okuhlangenwe nakho kweJalimane kubonisa ukuthi ukufaneleka kungakhelwa ngamabomuko ngenhlangano yezenteko, impumelelo, impumelelo, nokubambisana kwezizwe zonke, ngisho nangemva kokuhluleka okukhulu ngokokuziphatha nangokwezombangazwe.

Isiphetho: Isidingo Esihlala Njalo Sokubusa Ngokufanele

Umthetho awusona isici esikhona kodwa ubuhlobo obunamandla phakathi kwababusi futhi bubuswa. Ukwakhiwa ngenhlanganisela yezimiso zomthetho, ukusebenza okuphumelelayo, ukuhlanganyela okungahlangani, nokunamathela ezindinganisweni ezihlukene. Ohulumeni kumelwe baqhubeke bezivumelanisa nokuzivumelanisa nale zinkinga, ukubhekana nokonakala, ukuwohloka kwezomnotho, ukushaqeka komnotho, nokuphazamisa ulwazi. Ukuhlolwa kwezezimali okuvela e-United States, e-South Africa, eChina, eJalimane kubonisa izindlela eziningi (zedemocratic , ukuguqulwa, i-ademocratic, i-acidemist, futhi iphinde yakhiwe kabusha ngekhono zayo siqu. Izakhamuzi ziqonda imithombo nokwe-véwalnerarialism, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba zibambe futhi zivikele izimiso zezombangazwe.

[[FLT:] Ukufunda okuphindaphindiwe: ngokufunda okwengeziwe ngenkolelo-lwazi yomthetho, bheka [[FLT:] i-Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophysiose ungeniso lwezeProfethiatic Legastical . Ngendima yokhetho ekugunyazisweni kwentando yeningi, hlola [[FLT:] i-United Nations's yentando yentando yeningi [. Isifundo esilinganayo sokwenza umsebenzi, World Bank] ilawula izikhombiso ze-democracy inikeza ukuqonda okuphethe. ekugcineni, [[FLT:][FLT][5][5] Izikhundla ze-Externameoctive I"[EFF]