Ohulumeni bendawo balingana nohulumeni abaseduze kakhulu nabantu, benza izinqumo ezithinta ngokuqondile okuhlangenwe nakho kwansuku zonke. Kusukela esimweni semigwaqo ohamba kuyo ukuya ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphansi lapho izingane zakho zidlala khona, izikhulu zendawo kanye nezinhlangano zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokubaluleka komphakathi. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukubaluleka kwemisebenzi ebalulekile yomphakathi, izinhlelo, izinhlelo, nokunikeza izinkonzo ezithinta zonke izici zokuphila kwe-(sciences), imfundo, impilo, ukuthutha, nethuba lokuthola inzuzo. Ukuqonda indlela ohulumeni bendawo abasebenza ngayo nokubona ngayo ithonya labo eliqinile kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqaphele ukubaluleka kokuboshelwa nokulandisa komphakathi. Lesi sihloko sihlola imisebenzi ebalulekile eboniswa ngezibonelo zangempela zezwe ezibonisa impumelelo nezifundo zabo.

Indima Yohulumeni Bendawo

Ohulumeni bendawo, kuhlanganise nomasipala, izinombolo, amalokishi, nezigodi ezikhethekile, banikezwa igunya ngemithetho-mthetho kahulumeni nemithetho yokusingatha izindaba ezisebuthweni labo. Imithwalo yabo yemfanelo mikhulu futhi ihlanganisa:

  • Ukuphepha komphakathi emaphoyiseni, emlilweni nasezinkonzo zokwelapha eziphuthumayo
  • Ukulungiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwemvelo, kuhlanganise nemigwaqo, amabhuloho, amanzi nezimiso zamanzi angcolile
  • Imfundo yomphakathi, kusukela ezifundeni zeK-12 kuya emakholijini omphakathi
  • Izinkonzo zempilo nezezenhlalo, kuhlanganise nemitholampilo, ukusekelwa kwempilo yengqondo, nezinhlelo eziphakeme
  • Ukwakhiwa komphakathi ngokuhlelwa kwezakhiwo, izindlu nokuhlelwa
  • Isivikelo sendawo ezungezile, ukulawulwa kwemfucumfucu, nokuzimela kwesimo sezulu
  • Ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi

Le mithwalo yemfanelo ixhaswe ngokuyinhloko ngentela yempahla, izintela zempahla, intela yokuthengisa, intela yomsebenzi, nokuthunyelwa kohulumeni. Ukubusa kwendawo okuphumelelayo kudinga ukulinganisela izinto eziza kuqala ngesikhathi kuhileleke izakhamuzi ezinqubweni zokwenza izinqumo. Izingxenye ezilandelayo zihlola izindawo ezithile ezihlobana nemiphumela, ngayinye ehambisana nendaba yangempela ebonisa ukuthi izinyathelo zendawo zingayiguqula kanjani imiphakathi.

Ukuphepha Komphakathi Nomthetho Ophoqelelwayo

Ukuphepha komphakathi kungenye yezinkonzo ezibonakala kakhulu nezisheshayo ezinikezwa uhulumeni wendawo. Iminyango yamaphoyisa, izinkonzo zomlilo, kanye nezithakazelo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo ngokuvamile kuyizici zokuqala zokuxhumana ezimweni ezibucayi. Ngalé kokusabela okuphuthumayo, ohulumeni bendawo bahlela izindlela zokuvimbela ubugebengu nobudlelwane bomphakathi ngezinqumo zezimiso nangezindawo ezigunyazwayo.

Isibonelo Sezwe Esingokoqobo: Imithetho Yomphakathi eCamden, eNew Jersey

ICamden, iNew Jersey, yake yabhekana nenye yezehlakalo zobugebengu eziphakeme kakhulu e-United States. Ngo-2013, uhulumeni wendawo wasusa amaphoyisa akhona futhi wathatha indawo yawo wafaka umnyango omusha ohlanganisa isifundazwe owawugcizelela izikhulu zomphakathi. Abaphathi kwadingeka ukuba bahlanganyele nezakhamuzi, bahlanganyele emihlanganweni yomphakathi, futhi bakhe ukwethembana kunokuthembela ekugcinweni umthetho kuphela. Imiphumela iye yaba ephawulekayo: ubugebengu obunobudlova behliswa yiziphesenti elingaphezu kwama-40, futhi bafakwa esikhundleni sawo ngobukhulu obusha obusha obuthiwe ngeminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu, futhi inani lezikhalazo ezimelene nezikhulu zomphakathi zehla ngokushesha. I-Cundern Counterers Department manje isebenza njengesibonelo sesizwe sendlela yokuphepha komphakathi. Ukushintsha izinhlangano zezempilo ezincupheni ezinngeni ezisiza izisebenzini ukuba zikwazi ukubhekana nokunciphisa umphumela wezengqondo.

Ukwandisa Isibonelo: Amaqembu Asenkingeni E - Portland, e - Oregon

Ngokufanayo, iPortland, i-Oregon, yasungula uhlelo lweqembu lokungenela kwenhlekelele lokungenela olusiza ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo nezikhulu zamaphoyisa. Uhulumeni wendawo wanikeza izikhulu izimali futhi wamisa uhlelo olunezingcingo zempilo eziphambili ezinikezelwe ngokwesimilo. Loluhlelo luye lwaholela ekulahlweni okungadingekile nokuboshwa, lukhulula izimali zamaphoyisa ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kobugebengu obunobudlova. Ohulumeni bendawo kulo lonke izwe bamukela izibonelo ezinjalo, beqaphela ukuthi ukuphepha komphakathi kudinga ukungenela okungaphezu komthetho wezwe.

Izakhiwo Nezokuhamba

Isisekelo esithembekile siwumgogodla womphakathi osebenzayo. Izinhlelo zohulumeni bendawo, ukwakha, ukulondoloza, nokusebenza kwemigwaqo, amabhuloho, ukuthuthwa komphakathi, izinhlelo zamanzi, nezimiso ezibanzi zezindawo. Le mishini ithinta ukutholakala, ukukhula kwezomnotho, nezinga lokuphila. Izinqumo eziphathelene nezakhiwo ngokuvamile zibonisa imibono emide yokuthuthuka okungaguquguquki nokungaguquguquki.

Isibonelo Sezwe Esingokoqobo: Iprojekthi ye-Atlanta Beltline

IBeltline i-Atlanta’s Beltline iyiproject yokuguqula idolobha eliyinjongo evuselelayo yamaphasishi angokomlando asemaphasishini ahamba ngezindlela eziningi, amapaki, kanye nokuxhumana nokuthutha. I-Atlanta Belt Lealine Officeship i-atmonship] ehlangene neDolobha lase-Atlanta kanye nezinye izinhlangano zendawo, leli cebo liye lakhuthaza ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo eziyizinkulungwane zezigidi ezingu-5 zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi, kwakha izinkulungwane zemisebenzi, futhi kwandisa ukufinyelela kwepaki kwezindawo ezingaphansi kwe-ongile. I-Belt Leactrine ihlanganisa nendawo ebekelweyo yokulondolo, iqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi ezinde zingazuza ekuvuselweni kwezindawo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ohulumeni bendawo bangasebenzisa inzuzo engokwembusweni, ukuhlanganiswa kwezomnotho, nokugcinwa kwezindawo.

Isibonelo sezwe sangempela: Imigwaqo ephelele eMadison, eWisconsin

UMadison wamukela isimiso sokuhamba esidinga yonke imisebenzi yokuhamba ukuze kuhlaliswe abantu abahamba ngezinyawo, abahamba ngamabhayisikili, nabathuthi, hhayi izimoto nje. Uhulumeni wendawo walungisa amaphasishi amakhulu anemizila evikelwe ngebhayisekili, amapayipi anwetshiwe, nezindlela zokuhamba ezingcono. Ngenxa yalokho, amabhayisekili kanye namazinga okuhamba ayanda, izingozi zomgwaqo ziye zancipha, futhi amabhizinisi akulawo maphasishi abika izimoto ezihambayo. Inqubo manje isetshenziswa kwamanye amadolobha asemaphakathi, ebonisa indlela yokusebenzisa izwe nokuhamba kwezimoto okuhlala nokuthatha izintambo zokuhamba okungabuyisela ngayo ukuphila kwansuku zonke.

Imfundo Nezinkonzo Zobusha

Imfundo ngokuyinhloko iyimisebenzi yendawo eUnited States, enezifunda ezibuswa amabhodi akhethiwe nangokwezimali ngentela yendawo yempahla nangosizo lukahulumeni. Ngaphandle kwemfundo yangaphakathi, ohulumeni bendawo baqeda nezinhlelo zesikhathi sesikole, imitapo yezincwadi, nezikhungo zentsha ezisekela ukuphumelela kwemfundo yesikole, ukuthuthuka kwezenhlalo, nokucela izisebenzi.

Isibonelo sezwe sangempela: Emva-Kolulodi eChicago

I-Chicago’s City of Learning Actry, esekelwa uhulumeni wendawo kanye nokhetho, ixhumanisa abafundi nezinkulungwane zezinhlelo zokufunda zangemva kwesikole nangemva kwehlobo. Izinhlelo zihlanganisa yonke into kusukela ekubhaleni i-compy kanye nakusetshenziswa kwerobhothi kuya emisebenzini. Ukuhlola kwe-American Youth Policy Forum kwathola ukuthi abafundi abaya njalo kule zinhlelo babonisa intuthuko emakilasini, ekuhlanganyeleni, nakuhlanganisa izakhamuzi. Idolobha futhi likhokha nezinhlelo zentsha ezikhokha izinkulungwane zentsha ezindaweni ezihlanganisa ihlobo ngalinye, amakhono okwakha nokuzihlanganisa nemisebenzi yezemisebenzi. Ohulumeni bendawo abafaka izinkonzo zemfundo zentsha ezingathuthuki nje kuphela kodwa futhi banciphisa ubugebengu ngokulungiselela izinto ezizakhayo phakathi namahora aphakeme.

Isibonelo sezwe sangempela: Universal Pre-K eDolobheni laseNew York

Uhulumeni wendawo waseNew York City, ngaphansi kukaMayar Bill de Blasio, wasungula uhlelo lwendawo yonke lwangaphambi konyaka ka-2014. Isinyathelo sokuqala sanwetshwa sokufinyelela mahhala, usuku lonke ngaphambi kwe-K kuzo zonke izimemo ezine zeminyaka emine edolobheni, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iholo elingakanani. Phakathi neminyaka emibili, ukubhalisa izingane ezifinyelela ku-70 000. Ukucwaninga kwabonisa ukuthi izingane ezaya kulolu hlelo zabonisa intuthuko enkulu ekwakheni imfundo nasekhonweni kwezenhlalo. Impumelelo yalolu hlelo lwasendaweni ehamba ngezinyawo iye yashukumisela amanye amadolobha namazwe ukuba aphishekele imithetho yemfundo yakudala efana neyo yonke.

Izinkonzo Zempilo Nezomphakathi

Ohulumeni bendawo banendima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni nasekuthuthukiseni impilo yomphakathi. Basebenzisa imitholampilo, bahlola izifo, bahlola izindawo zokudlela, futhi baphatha izinhlelo ze-net yokuphepha ezenhlalo njengezinkonzo zokungabi namakhaya kanye nokudla okunomsoco. Emiphakathini eminingi, iminyango yezempilo yendawo inakekela ngokuyinhloko izakhamuzi ezithola imali ephansi.

Isibonelo Sangempela Sezwe: Impilo yomphakathi Ethatha Isinyathelo ESan Francisco

I-San Francisco’s Department of Public Health iye yaba yi-professor ekuncipheni kwempilo elimazayo. Izimali zikahulumeni wendawo zezokwelapha zamahhala ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-odeserve, uhlelo lwedolobha eligcwele i-opioid esetshenziswa ngokweqile olusindise izinkulungwane zabantu ngemijondolo yezidakamizwa empompola kakhulu, futhi ikhefu elikhokhelwayo lokuvumela izisebenzi ukuba zihlale ekhaya ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa iholo. Isimiso sezempilo ze- i-Francisco Health Networket [ futhi ifaka izinkonzo zempilo zezokunakekela impilo emitholampilo ephambili, yenza ukuba zikwazi ukufinyelela ngokwengeziwe. Lezi zinyathelo zokuhlola zempilo ziye zasiza ukuba izisebenzi ezidayisayo ukuba zikwazi ukuncipha izinga eliphansi lesibhedlela futhi zifunde isibhedlela sesibhedlela. Isimiso sezezezezezomthetho sezempilo samanje sezezezeze futhi zifundele ukuba sifundele izinqubo yohulumeni zendawo sezenhlalakahle.

Isibonelo Sangempela Sezwe: Izisebenzi Zezempilo Zomphakathi eAlameda County, eCalifornia

Imali kahulumeni wendawo yeSifunda sezempilo somphakathi enikeza izisebenzi zezempilo eziqeqesha izakhamuzi ukuba zinikeze imfundo yempilo, zixhumane nomakhelwane ukuba basize, futhi zisekele ukuphatha izifo ezingamahlalakhona. Lezi zisebenzi zivame ukuvela emiphakathini efanayo ezikhonza kuyo, ukwakha nokunqoba imingcele yamasiko. Ukuhlola kwathola ukuthi uhlelo lwanciphisa ukuhambela okuphuthumayo phakathi kwamalungu anezimo eziphuthumayo ngamaphesenti angu-20 futhi luthuthukisa imiphumela yesifo sikashukela. Lokhu kubonisa indlela ohulumeni bendawo abangafaka ngayo izimali zomphakathi ezikhona ukuze bathuthukise impilo ngengxenye yezindleko zokunakekelwa kwesibhedlela.

Ukuthuthukiswa Nokuhlelwa Komphakathi

Intuthuko yomphakathi ihlanganisa ukulolonga isimo semiphakathi nezenhlalo. Ohulumeni bendawo basebenzisa imithetho yokuhlanganisa izindawo, amapulani okusebenzisa indawo, imvume yokwakha, nezinqubo zomphakathi zokwakha ukuze kuqondiswe ukukhula, kulondolozwe impahla engokomlando, futhi kuthuthukiswe ukukhula okungaguquguquki. Uhlelo oluphumelelayo lungalwisana nokukhuphuka, ulondoloze izindlu ezithengwa kalula, futhi kwakhe izikhala zomphakathi ezinamandla.

Isibonelo Sangempela Sezwe: Ukuvuselelwa Komakhelwane EDetroit

Uhulumeni wendawo kaDetroit, ngokubambisana nezinhlangano zezentuthuko yomphakathi, uye wathatha indlela esebenzayo yokuvuselela izindawo ezikhungethwe ukuncipha kwenani labantu nezifo. Idolobha i-Detroit Bemover City [ isakhiwo se-Detut] sihilela ukufakwa okukhulu kwezakhamuzi kanye nokuhlaziywa kokwaziswa ukuze kuhlolwe izindawo zokutshala imali. Imisebenzi ihlanganisa ukuguqula izindawo ezingenalutho zibe izingadi zomphakathi kanye namapaki, ukuvuselela amasheya emakhaya, nokusekela izifundana zamabhizinisi. Idolobha lamisa futhi ibhange lezwe eliye lasusa izinkulungwane zezakhiwo ezishiywe, lizibuyisela ukuba zisetshenziswe ngokunenzuzo. Nakuba le mizamo ikhona, lemizamo iye yakha izakhamuzi ezintsha, futhi yakhuthaza umuzwa wokuqhosha phakathi kwezakhamuzi ezinde.

Isibonelo Sezwe Sangempela: Ukuhlanganyela Ekuhlelweni Kohlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali EDolobheni laseNew York

Ukuhlanganyela ekuhleleni uhlelo lokuhlela (PB) kuyinqubo lapho izakhamuzi zinquma khona ngokuqondile ukuthi zingayisebenzisa kanjani ingxenye yemali kahulumeni wendawo. UMkhandlu weDolobha laseNew York City uye wamukela i-PB ezifundeni eziningi, uvumela amalungu omphakathi ukuba ahlongoze futhi avote emisebenzini emikhulu enjengokuhlelwa kwesikole, intuthuko yepaki, nokulungiswa kwemigwaqo. Kusukela ngo-2011, iPB iye yahlela izakhiwo eziyizigidi ezingu-R34 ukuze ithathe izakhiwo ezikhethwe yizakhamuzi. Lomkhuba awuqinisekisi kuphela ukuthi ukuxhasa ukusekela izibophozo zomphakathi kodwa futhi uthuthukisa ukubophezela izivumelwano zezenhlalakahle nokwethemba uhulumeni. Amanye amadolobha angu-12 aye amukela izinhlelo ezifanayo, ebonisa indlela ohulumeni bendawo abakwazi ngayo ukunikeza izakhamuzi amandla amakhono enzizweni.

Izinyathelo Zendawo Ezungezile

Ohulumeni bendawo basendaweni ephambili ekuvikeleni indawo ezungezile, balawula yonke into kusukela ekuyisebenziseni kabusha nokuqoqa imfucumfucu kuya ekufuleni umoya nasemadolobheni. Abaningi baye basebenzisa amasu anamandla okunciphisa igesi eshisayo eshisayo nokuzivumelanisa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Le mizamo ngokuvamile inezinzuzo ezisheshayo, njengezindleko eziphansi zamandla, umoya ohlanzekile, kanye nendawo eluhlaza kakhulu.

Isibonelo Sangempela Sasemhlabeni: I - Minneapolis Climate Action Plan

Minneapolis wamisa umgomo wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngamaphesenti angu-80 ngo-2050 futhi uye wasebenzisa izinqubo zokuyifinyelela, kuhlanganise nezimfuneko zokuthola amandla ezakhiwo ezinkulu, izisusa zokufakwa kwelanga, kanye nohlelo lomphakathi lonke. Uhulumeni wendawo wasebenzisana nomphakathi ukuze wakhe uhlelo oluthi uhlelo lweGreen Zone olufuna ukutshala intengo nokunciphiswa kokungcola ezindaweni eziphila ngokwendawo. Izinga lomoya kulezozindawo liye lathuthuka, futhi izakhamuzi ziye zathola ukuqeqeshelwa imisebenzi eluhlaza. [[FLT: 0] Iwebhsayithi yedolobha lokuhlola isimo sezulu inikeza umzila okhanyayo wentuthuko, izikhulu ezilandisayo. Lokhu kubonisa indlela ohulumeni bendawo abangaholela ngayo ngisho nasezindabeni zezwe noma ezizweni zezwe.

Isibonelo sezwe sangempela: Urban Forestry eWashington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., yasungula icebo lokutshala izihlahla ezingu-40 000 ngo-2030, ihlonze izindawo ezinamatheliswe kancane. Uhulumeni wendawo usebenza ngenzuzo engakhiqizi nangamaqembu ahlala khona ukuze atshale futhi anakekele izihlahla ezindaweni zomphakathi nezendawo yangasese. Izihlahla zinciphisa ukukhuphuka kwamanzi ashisayo, amazinga okushisa aphansi eziqhingini ezishisayo, futhi zithuthukise impilo yengqondo. Imiphumela yakuqala ibonisa ukuthi kunemiphumela epholisayo ezindaweni ezitshalwe kuzo kanye namanani ekwandisweni ekhudlile. Ohulumeni bendawo bangafeza indima ebalulekile ekwakheni isimo sezulu ngezindlela ezisekelwe emvelisweni.

Ukuthuthuka Kwezomnotho

Ohulumeni bendawo basebenza ngenkuthalo ukwenza imisebenzi futhi basekele amabhizinisi ngezisusa zentela, usizo oluncane lwezebhizinisi, ukuthuthuka kwezisebenzi, nokulawula. Umnotho wendawo ochumayo ungenisa intela ekhokhwa izinkonzo zezimali futhi uhehe izakhamuzi. Nokho, amasu okuthuthukisa kwezomnotho kumelwe aklanyelwe ngokucophelela ukugwema ukukhuliswa kwentela futhi aqinisekise ukuthi izinzuzo zifinyelela wonke amalungu omphakathi.

Isibonelo Sezwe Esingokoqobo: Ukusekela Amabhizinisi Amancane eCleveland, eOhio

Uhulumeni wendawo waseCleveland wamisa iqoqo lezeluleko zeBusiness Development Center ezinikeza ukululeka okukhululekile okukodwa, ukuqeqesha, nokungena enhloko - dolobha kubathengisi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-odolo. Lo hlelo luhlanganisa nenyathelo lokuhlanganisa amabhizinisi endawo nezivumelwano zedolobha. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo, uhlelo luye lwasiza amabhizinisi angaphezu kwenkulungwane ukuqala noma ukwandisa, ukwakha izinkulungwane zemisebenzi. [CMétanced] ihhovisi lezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano yezentengiselwano [[] imishini yokusebenza nokulungisa izinkonzo ezisekelwe ekutholeni imvume. Lokhu kugwema kwemigobo yentela enkulu eholweni kwezentengo futhi kwakha ingcebo ezindaweni eziphezulu.

Isibonelo Sezwe Sangempela: Iqhinga Lezwe Landing eChattanooga, eTennessee

I-supertip exhaswe i-fiber ye-ctop elungiselelwe umasipala ukuze ikhange izinkampani zobuchwepheshe futhi ithuthukise indawo ezungezile eqalayo. Uhulumeni wendawo ofakwe ezindaweni zomphakathi ezikhululekile uWi-Fi, umsizi wezobuchwepheshe, kanye ne-comping comptamps ze-bootamps zezakhamuzi. Isilinganiso sokuswelakala kwedolobha sehla, futhi inzuzo yemithombo yezindaba yanyuka ngenxa yokukhula kwezezobuchwepheshe. Uhulumeni wendawo waqinisekisa futhi ukuthi izinzuzo zifinyelele ezindaweni ezingenisa amanani aphansi ngokunikeza ukuqeqeshwa kolwazi lwezinombolo nokuthola ulwazi olubizayo. Lesi sibonelo sibonisa indlela ukushiciselwa kwezentengiselwano emboni embonini engoko yezesayensi.

Isiphetho

Ohulumeni bendawo banethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuphila kwemiphakathi e-United States nasezweni lonke. Kusukela ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha komphakathi nasekwakheni izakhiwo eziqinile ukuthuthukisa impilo, imfundo, nethuba lezomnotho, izinqumo ezenziwa endaweni zilololonga zonke izici zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Izibonelo zezwe langempela ezinikezwa kulesi sihloko ("kusukela ku-Camden’s Cooperan’s sobupolice nase-Atlanta’s Belt ukuya eMinneapolis nasemzingeni yesimo sezulu saseMineapolis, nezindlela ze-Chattanoorvia zokulawula indalo, ) ziveza amandla okulawula okusabela. Le mpumelelo igcizelela ukubaluleka kwezivumelwano zomphakathi: izakhamuzi ezihlanganyela ehholo lokhetho, zikhona emihlanganweni yezindawo, futhi zikhonza emabhodini ezindaweni ezihlala kuyo. Njengoba izinhlangano zezindawo zokuzinhlala-asenkanga, izinhlangano zezindawo zomphakathi zisekela ukusekela ukukhathalela komphakathi womphakathi womphakathi wonke ukusekela ukusekela ukusekela ukubhekana nomphakathi.