Table of Contents

Ukuqamba kumelela elinye lamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu izakhamuzi ezinalo ukulolonga isiqondiso sikahulumeni wazo futhi zithonye izinqubo ezithinta ukuphila kwazo kwansuku zonke. Ukuhlela izinqumo kuthinta ukubunjwa kohulumeni futhi kunqume izimiso ezibusa ukuphila kwethu, kwenza inqubo yokukhetha ibe isisekelo sokubusa kwentando yeningi. Ukuqonda izimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi amavoti aguqulela kuzo ezenzweni zikahulumeni eziqinisekile kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngokuthi imisebenzi yedemokratistiki emelelayo nokuthi kungani ihilelekile kwezindaba zomphakathi.

Isisekelo Sokumelelwa Ngentando Yeningi

Ukukhethwa kufeza ingxenye eyinhloko ekubuseni kwentando yeningi, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ukubusa ngentando yeningi okuqondile akusebenzi emiphakathini eminingi yanamuhla, uhulumeni wentando yeningi kumelwe uqhutshwe ngabameleli. Lapho izakhamuzi ziphonsa amavoti azo, zihlanganyela esimisweni esiyinkimbinkimbi esiklanyelwe ukuguqula lokho umuntu ngamunye akhetha ukukwenza kube igunya lokwenza izinqumo.

Intando yeningi emelela isigaba sentando yeningi isho izakhamuzi ezikhetha izikhulu ukuba zenze imithetho nezinqumo ezingokomthetho, futhi kunokuba zivote endabeni ngayinye, abantu bakhetha abameleli ababusayo ukuze bathole igama elithile elimisiwe.

Izinhlelo zivumela abavoti ukuba bakhethe abaholi futhi bababheke icala ngomsebenzi wabo esikhundleni. Lokhu kulandisa kwakha inqubo eqhubekayo yokusabela phakathi kwababuswayo nalabo ababusayo, kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe ziyaqhubeka zisabela ezidingweni nasekuthandeni kwabo.

Indlela Izimemezelo Ezihumushela Ngayo Ebusweni Bukahulumeni

Inqubo Ye - eector

Uma izakhamuzi zihlanganyela okhethweni, zihlanganyela emazingeni ahlukahlukene kahulumeni ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kusukela emabhodini esikole nasemikhandlwini yamadolobha kuya kumasipala namahhovisi esizwe, ukhetho ngalunye lunquma ukuthi ubani ozoba negunya lokwenza izinqumo ezindaweni ezithile ezingokomthetho. Inqubo yokuvota ngokwayo ihlukahluka kakhulu ezigabeni zezifunda, ngemithetho ehlukene elawula ukubhaliswa, izimfuneko zokuhlukanisa, kanye nokungena kombutho.

E-United States, ayikho indinganiso kahulumeni uma kuziwa ezinqubweni zokuvota. Lendlela ehloniphekile isho ukuthi ukuvota kungahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwesinye isifundazwe kuya kwesinye, kuthinte yonke into kusukela kuleyo ebekwe isikhathi sokubhalisa kuya ezindleleni ezisetshenziselwa ukuphonsa nokubala amavoti.

Ukuvota okunezikhundla kuvumela abavoti ukuba bahlele abazovota kunokuba bakhethe eyodwa kuphela, futhi kuphawula ukuthi abanjengoMaine no-Alaska basanda kuyisebenzisa lenqubo okhethweni lwezwe lonke. Lendlela ehlukile imelela enye yezindlela eziningi eziqhubekela phambili ekuthatheni abavoti kangcono.

Ukubala Izindwangu Nezimpumputhe

Uma ukuhlola sekuphelile, inqubo yamavoti athatha isikhathi eside iqala. Indlela esetshenziselwa ukunquma abanqobi iyahluka kuye ngesimiso sokhetho esikhona. EMelika amaningi, isimiso sobuningi sinquma umphumela, lapho ovota kakhulu bewina khona, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi baphumelela yini kakhulu.

Ukuvota ngokukhetha kuyisimiso lapho umvoti onenani elikhulu kakhulu enqoba khona, engenamfuneko yokuthola amavoti amaningi, futhi uma kunesikhundla esisodwa okumelwe sigcwaliswe, waziwa ngokuthi i-step-prede, eyisimiso sesibili esivamile sezishaya - mthetho.

Nokho, izimiso ze-elevotor ahlukene ziveza imiphumela ehluke kakhulu eqenjini elifanayo lomvoti othandayo. Isimiso sikagesi sihlukile ekuchazeni izinqumo zezimiso zomphakathi, ngoba sinquma inani lamaqembu ezombangazwe akwazi ukwamukela ukumelelwa futhi ngaleyondlela ahlanganyele kuhulumeni.

Izimiso Zokuxhumana Nethonya Lazo Ekufanekiseni

Umphandle othatha zonke izimiso

UmMelika ngamunye namuhla uhlala esifundeni esikhetha ummeleli oyedwa wokhetho lwezishaya - mthetho nombuso omkhulu, abavoti bavotela umbhalisa, umlandeli oyedwa uyaphumelela, futhi bonke abanye bayahluleka, benza ukhetho "lokuthatha inselele" lapho uma umbhalisa ewina amaphesenti angu-51 evoti, ewina amaphesenti ayikhulu esithombe.

Lesimiso sinemiphumela ephawulekayo yendlela amavoti aguqulela ngayo emandleni ezombangazwe. Noma ubani ovotayo ongamsekelanga umlandeli owinile akamelelwanga kuhulumeni ngomvotelwa abavotela yena. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni lapho izingxenye ezinkulu zokhetho zingenakho ukumelela okuqondile okuvumelana khona nokuthandayo.

Izimiso Zokumelela

Ukumelelwa kweqembu kuyisimiso sokhetho esikhetha abameleli abaningi esifundeni ngasinye ngokwenani labantu ababavotelayo, futhi uma ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabavoti bebuyela emuva eqenjini lezombangazwe, abameleli beqembu bawina cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zezihlalo, okuyenza ibe isimiso esivamile sokukhetha phakathi kwedemokratismenti yomhlaba wonke.

Phakathi kwesimiso sokuvota esithuthukisiwe semibuso yentando yeningi entshonalanga esiye saba isimiso esivelele sokukhetha, futhi emazweni angu - 21 kwangu - 28 asebenzisa izimpawu ezilinganayo. Lezi zimiso zihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwabiwa kwezihlalo zomthetho kuveza ngokunembile izinhlobonhlobo zezivoti ezikhethwayo kulo lonke elasekeli.

Uhlelo lweqembu i-PR inguquko esetshenziswa kakhulu yokumelela okulandelanayo, lapho umvoti ngamunye evotela khona i-vote yeqembu elilodwa futhi isigaba ngasinye sabelwa izihlalo ezisekelwe engxenyeni yaso yevoti. Lendlela ihluke kakhulu ngezimiso zesifunda ezihlanganyelwe i-octive.

Kulabo abanesithakazelo sokufunda okwengeziwe ngezimiso zentando yeningi ezihlukene emhlabeni wonke, International International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Lunict inikeza imithombo eminingi yezimiso zokhetho nokubusa kwentando yeningi.

Ukuxhumana Phakathi Kokusakaza Nezimiso Kuyaphumelela

Ingabe Izingoma Ziyathonya Noma Ziyabudlula Ubupholi?

Abavoti bangathonya isimiso ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene: abancintisanayo bezombangazwe banezisusa zokwamukela izikhundla ezibonisa lokho okuthandwa yilabo abakhethayo ngoba ukwenza kanjalo kukhulisa amathuba okuwina okhetho, okusho ukuthi abavoti bangathinta ukukhetha okungokomthetho kwezazi zezombangazwe.

Ngokuphambene, abavoti bavame ukuveza imiphumela yenqubo ngokukhetha umholi phakathi kwabaningana abazobhapathizwa, okungenzeka ukuthi ngamunye usenqume kakade ngenkambiso ethile esekelwe kwezinye izizathu, okusho ukuthi abavoti bangase bakhethe izinqubo ezikhethiwe. Lokhu kuhlukanisa izindaba ngoba kunquma ukuthi ukuncintisana kwevota kulinganisela izikhundla zezombangazwe noma kumane kuvumele abavoti ukuba bakhethe phakathi kwezinto ezimisiwe.

Kunemibono emibili ehluke kakhulu ngendima yokhetho ekuhlelweni kwezimiso: komunye umbono, abavoti bangathinta ukukhetha kwezimiso zabazovota njengabancintiswano bevoti ababangela abezombangazwe ukuba bathuthele esikhungweni futhi okhethweni banomphumela wokuletha izinga elithile lokuhlehla kwezimiso, kuyilapho kusengathi ngombono ohlukile, abavoti bamane nje bavote imithetho ekhethiwe njengoba abezombangazwe bengenakuzenza izithembiso eziqinisekile zokulinganisela izimiso zabo, futhi ukukhetha kumane kuyindlela yokunquma ukuthi imiphi yemibono yemithetho ephikisanayo ezokwenziwa.

Ukulalela Umbono Womphakathi Kukahulumeni

Umbono ovamile wentando yeningi uwukuthi umbono womphakathi kufanele uqondise ohulumeni ekuhleleni kwabo isimiso sesimiso, futhi uRobert Dahl uthi “isici esiyinhloko sentando yeningi ukusabela okuqhubekayo kukahulumeni ekukhetheni izakhamuzi zakhe, ezibhekwa njengezilinganayo kwezombangazwe".

Ucwaningo luyavuma ukuthi ngempela ohulumeni bayasabela, nakuba ukungalingani kwezici ezinjengokuzuza imali kuphikelela, okusho ukuthi iziphi izimiso ezisetshenziswa ohulumeni empeleni zithonywa umbono womphakathi.

Izindawo ezingena kuhulumeni zisengozini kakhulu yokusebenzisa izinqubo ezithandwayo uma abasekeli benkambiso beshintsha amavoti abo kulawo maqembu. Lokhu kuthola ukuthi ukuvota okusekelwe kuyikho ukuguqula lokho okuthandwa isakhamuzi kube isenzo sikahulumeni.

Indima Yokufuduka Kwezinkani

Emazweni anemibono ephakeme, kunobuhlobo phakathi kwemibono yezakhamuzi nesimiso esiphishekelwayo, okusikisela ukuthi abavoti bayayithonya inqubo kahulumeni. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlanganyela komphakathi kabanzi ekuqinisekiseni ukusabela kukahulumeni.

Emazweni anemibono ephakeme, kunobuhlobo phakathi kwemibono yezakhamuzi nesimiso esiphishekelwayo, okusikisela ukuthi abavoti bayayithonya inqubo kahulumeni, futhi lokhu okutholiwe kuqinisekisa imiphumela yangaphambili yokubaluleka kwamazinga aphakeme okukhetha ukusebenza kwentando yeningi.

Ukwakhiwa kukahulumeni nakho kuyindaba ebalulekile. Ukwakheka kwemibono yekhabethe elibusayo kunemiphumela, futhi ohulumeni abaphatha kwesokudla bachitha imali enciphileyo ekufakeni imali efana nemali esetshenziswayo kumakhabethe athwala inxele. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi imiphumela ekhethiwe ithonya ngokuqondile ezimisweni eziza kuqala futhi kuthonye nezinqumo zikahulumeni ezisetshenziswayo.

Intando Yeningi Eqondile: Lapho izakhamuzi zikhuluma Ngokuziphatha Okuqondile

Izindlela Zokuthatha Isikole

I - areadendum nenyathelo lokuqala kuyizinqumo lapho kuhlolwa khona lokho okuthandwa umphakathi endabeni ethile, futhi kuyilapho labo abangaphansi kukahulumeni begqugquzelwa, lokhu kwamuva kusungulwa amaqembu abavoti, okubonisa ukuthi bayanqikaza ukuphathisa abameleli abahlongoze ngokuphelele amandla okwenza izinqumo.

Ngokuvamile i - Referenda isetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa nokuchitha imali yomphakathi, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukunquma izindaba ezithile zezenhlalo noma zokuziphatha lapho izindikimba ezikhethiwe zibhekwa njengezingenakhono elikhethekile khona, futhi i - redera ingase iboshwe ngokusemthethweni noma imane ihlolwe, kodwa ngisho nokuhlola okuhlolwayo cishe kubhekwa njengemithetho.

Ezindaweni ezingu - 41 abantu baseMelika bayobe bevota ezinyatheloni ezingaba ngu - 160 ezingokomthetho ezisezweni, kuhlanganise nezinyathelo ezihlanganisa indaba ephikiswayo yokukhishwa kwezisu, futhi abavoti ezifundazweni ezingu - 11 bayobe betshela uhulumeni wabo ukuthi kufanele yini noma cha uvikele ilungelo lokukhipha isisu, kuyilapho ezinye izinyathelo zokuvota zihlanganisa lezo eziphathelene nezakhamuzi, izimiso zokwahlulela ezikhethiwe, ubulungisa bobugebengu, amaphoyisa, intela, iholo, nesimiso sezidakamizwa.

Izinzuzo Nezinselele Zentando Yeningi Eqondile

Izimiso eziqondile zentando yeningi zinikeza izakhamuzi ithuba lokudlula izinhlangano ezimelelayo futhi zenze izinqumo ezingokomthetho ngokuqondile. Nokho, lendlela iletha kokubili izinzuzo nezithiyo ezithinta indlela amavoti aguqulela ngayo ngokuphumelelayo enkambisweni enengqondo.

Abaqondisi bezincwadi bangase bantule ulwazi olukhethekile oludingekayo ukuze kwenziwe izinqumo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukunxenxa okungokomzwelo noma izimpikiswano ezikhudlwana kungase kuchume ngokuhlolisisa, futhi ukufushaniswa okufushane kwezindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi akunakuthola izici eziwukuqondana, okungase kuholele emiphumeleni engahlosiwe.

Abameleli bangazinika isikhathi sokuhlola izindaba, sokuxoxa nochwepheshe, nokuxoxa nabanye, okucatshangwa ukuthi kuholela ezinqumweni ezinolwazi ngokwengeziwe, futhi amakomiti okushaya umthetho avumele ukuba kuhlolwe ngokuningiliziwe iziphakamiso ngaphambi kokuba bafinyelele amavoti okugcina.

Iningi lemibuso ebusa ngentando yeningi lihlanganisa izakhi eziqondile nezimelelayo kunokuba likhethe uhlobo olulodwa oluhlanzekile, futhi inselele eqhubekayo iwukuthola ukulinganisela okungcono nokuvumelana nezimo okuqinisekisa kokubili ukubusa okuphumelelayo nokuhlanganyela kwesakhamuzi.

Indlela Izikhulu Eziqeqeshwe Ngayo Ezisebenzisa Ngayo Igunya Lazo

Amandla Okushaya Indiva Nokwenza Imithetho

Lapho sezikhethiwe, izikhulu ziba nezikhundla zegunya ezizivumela ukuba zihlele izimiso ezindaweni eziningi. Izinga laleligunya liyahluka kuye ngesikhundla esiphethwe yizo, amazinga ahlukene kahulumeni alawula izindawo ezihlukahlukene zezimiso.

Zonke lezi zinqumo zinqunywa abantu abavotelwe ukuba babe yizikhundla kuhulumeni wendawo, ezweni, nakuhulumeni. Kusukela ekusekeleni imfundo kuya ekutholeni inzuzo yezempilo, kusukela ekutshaleni izakhiwo kuya ekuhleleni umthetho wobugebengu, izikhulu ezikhethiwe zenza izinqumo ezithinta ngokuqondile izinga lokuphila lezakhamuzi.

Ngokusiza ekukhetheni amalungu omkhandlu wedolobha, okhomishane besifundazwe, ababusi, izishaya - mthetho zikahulumeni, yonke indlela eyisa kumalungu eSishaya - mthetho noMongameli, ivoti yakho ikhetha indlela ama - dollar akho entela asetshenziswa ngayo, owenganisa imiphakathi yakini, nokuthi yimiphi imisebenzi eyothola imali yendawo, umbuso nohulumeni.

Inqubo Yomthetho

Abameleli abaqashelwe basebenzisa igunya labo ngenqubo yokushaya umthetho, ngokuvamile ehilela ukuphonsa, ukuphikisana, ukuvota ezikweletini eziba umthetho. Lenqubo ihlukahluka phakathi kwamazinga nasemagatsheni kahulumeni ahlukahlukene kodwa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izigaba eziningi eziklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zihlolwa kahle izimiso ezihlongozwayo.

Abameli basebenza ezimisweni zamakomiti ezivumela ukugxila ngokukhethekile ezindaweni ezithile zenqubo. Lamakomiti aqondisa ukuqulwa kwamacala, aqoqa ubufakazi obungochwepheshe, alungise umthetho ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele indikimba egcwele yemithetho ukuze ahlolwe. Isimiso sekomiti senza ukuba kuhlolwe kabanzi izihlongozo zezimiso eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho ebekungenzeka ukuba ummisi-mthetho ngamunye ube yisazi kuyo yonke impikiswano.

Ngaphandle kwemibuso engokomthetho yemithetho, izikhulu ezikhethiwe zithonya futhi isimiso ngokumisa, ngokuhlela, nangezinqumo zokuhlela, nangokuqondisa. Abaqondisi bezinga eliphezulu abamisa abahluleli, iziphathi zezikhundla, nezinye izikhulu ezisebenzisa futhi zichaze imithetho. Lokhu kumiswa kungaba nemiphumela ehlala njalo edlula kakhulu isigaba esikhethwe isikhulu esisesikhundleni.

Ukulinganisela Izinto Ezithandwayo Nokunye Okucatshangelwayo

Nakuba ukhetho lomvoti lufeza indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni izinqumo zezikhulu ezikhethiwe, abameleli kumelwe balinganisele ukucabangela okuningi lapho benza izinqumo ezingokomthetho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa iziteshi zeqembu, iseluleko esingochwepheshe, iziphakamiso zomthetho-sisekelo, izinto ezingokoqobo, kanye nezithakazelo ezincintisanayo phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene.

Nakuba izazi zezombangazwe zingase zimise isikhulumi, asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi ziyothatha isinyathelo kulesositeji lapho sezikhethiwe, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamuzi zingase zingakwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuvota zifuna isithakazelo sazo, noma ngokwezintando zazo siqu, njengoba isithembiso sokubusa ngentando yeningi kuxhomeke ezinyathelweni eziningana.

Abameleli bangase bangasisebenzisi ngaso sonke isikhathi isikhathi isikhathi sabo ekutadisheni ngobuqotho nasekucazululeni, futhi ukucabangela okuhlukanisayo, ukucindezela komkhankaso, noma ubandlululo lomuntu siqu kungadlula iseluleko esingochwepheshe. Lokhu kuqokomisa ukubaluleka kwezimiso zokulandisa ezivumela abavoti ukuba bahlole ukusebenza kwabameleli futhi benze izinqumo eziqondiswe kahle okhethweni olulandelayo.

Umphumela Womculo Wakho Ezindaweni Eziqondile Zokuqondisa

Imfundo

Ibhodi lokhetho lwesikole sendawo kanye nezinhlanga zezishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zinquma ngokuqondile amazinga emfundo, izindinganiso zemfundo, imbuyiselo yothisha, nezezikhwama zezemfundo. Lezi zinqumo zithinta yonke into kusukela ekuphakameni kwesigaba kuya ekutholakaleni kwezinhlelo ezikhethekile, zenza imfundo ibe enye yezindawo ezibonakala kakhulu lapho ukuvota kuthinta khona ukuphila kwansuku zonke.

Izikhulu zendawo nezikhulu zilawula izinqumo eziningi zezemfundo e - United States, ezihileleke uhulumeni ezimisweni ezithile nakumthetho oqinisekisa amalungelo abantu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi okhetho lwendawo nolwezwe ngokuvamile lunethonya eliqondile ezingeni lemfundo kunezinhlanga zikahulumeni.

Ukunakekela Impilo Nezinkonzo Zomphakathi

Izikhulu eziqashelwayo kuzo zonke izigaba zenza izinqumo ezithinta ukutholakala kwempilo, izinhlelo zempilo yomphakathi, namalungiselelo okuphepha emphakathini. Ohulumeni boMbuso bafeza indima ebalulekile ekuqondiseni amaMedicaid, ekuqondiseni izimakethe zomshuwalense, nasekuxhaseni izinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi.

Izinhlelo zamuva zokuvota ziye zavumela abavoti ukuba banqume ngokuqondile ekunwetshweni kweMedicaid ezifundazweni eziningana, zibonisa indlela izimiso zedemokrasi eziqondile ezingayihlela ngayo inqubo yokunakekela impilo. Lezi zinqumo zithinta izigidi zabantu ekutholeni ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha futhi zikhomba izibonelo ezicacile zokuguqulela amavoti emiphumelelweni yezimiso zikakhonkolo.

Umthetho Wezomnotho Nentela

Imiphumela ekhona inquma amazinga entela, ukuchitha izinto eziza kuqala nokuthuthukisa zomnotho.

Izinqumo zokusetshenziswa kwemali ezenziwa izikhulu ezikhethiwe zihlanganisa izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, zinqume amazinga angokwezimali ezinto zonke kusukela emigwaqweni nasemitatsheni yezincwadi kuya emapaki. Lezi zinqumo zakha izinqumo ezibonisa izinto eziza kuqala kubaphathi abakhethiwe, futhi, ngokungaqondile, abavoti abazikhethayo.

Ubulungisa Bobugebengu Nokulondeka Komphakathi

Lezi zikhulu zinquma ukugcinwa kwamandla angokomthetho, iziqondiso ezilawulayo, izigebengu, izigebengu ezihlela umthetho. Lezi zikhulu zinquma ukugcinwa kwamaphoyisa kuqala, iziqondiso zokugweba, izimo zasejele, nezinhlelo zokulungisa imishado. Eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaba nokushintsha kwezimiso eziphawulekayo ezindaweni ezinjengokugcinwa kwezidakamizwa, inguquko yebheyili, nokulandisa kwamaphoyisa, okusho ngokushintsha kwemibono evezwa ngokhetho.

Ukhetho lwezikhundla zendawo njengommeli wesigodi lungaba nethonya eliphawulekayo emiphumeleni yokwahlulela kobugebengu, njengoba lezi zikhulu zisebenzisa ukuqapha okukhulu ekukhipheni izinqumo nasekudluliseleni izingxoxo ezithinta izinkulungwane zamacala.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwendawo Ezungezile Nezwe

Kusukela ezinqumweni zendawo kuya ezinqunyweni zendawo kuya ezimisweni zendawo ezilawula isimo sezulu sikahulumeni, izikhulu ezikhethiwe kuzo zonke izigaba zenza izinqumo ezithinta ukuvikelwa kwendawo ezungezile nokusetshenziswa kwendawo.

Izinhlangano zokuhlela zendawo nemikhandlu yamadolobha yenza izinqumo zokuhlela ezihlela ukuthuthukisa intuthuko yomphakathi, kuyilapho izikhulu zikahulumeni nohulumeni bemisa izindinganiso zokungcola nezimiso zokulondolozwa kwezindawo. Izinqumo ezithandwayo zivezwa ngokhetho zithonya ukulinganisela phakathi kwentuthuko nokulondoloza, ukukhula kwezomnotho nokuvikelwa kwendawo ezungezile.

Izindlela Zokulandisa

Ukukhetha Nokulinganisela Kwasikhathi Sonke

Ithuba lokulawula abaholi ngokufuna ukuba bazithobe okhethweni oluvamile nolwezikhathi ezithile lisiza ekuxazululeni inkinga yokulandelana kobuholi futhi kanjalo linezela ekuqhutshekisweni kwentando yeningi. Ukhetho lwasikhathi sonke luveza amathuba okuba abavoti bahlole ukusebenza okungadingekile futhi benze izinguquko lapho abameleli behluleka ukuhlangabezana namathemba.

Ababusi abakhethwe kabusha bavumelana kakhulu nabavoti kunababusi abangakhethwanga, okusho ukuthi okhetho lubangela umphumela wokukhetha, futhi lokhu kukhetha kuthuthukisa imiphumela yenqubo. Ithemba lokubona abavoti futhi bavote izikhulu ezikhethiwe ukuba ziqhubeke zisabela ekukhetheni okuhlanganyelwayo.

Nokho, ukulandisa kungalulazwa lapho abaholi abakhethiwe bengakhathaleli ukuthi baphinde bakhethwe noma lapho kubusa iqembu elilodwa noma umfelandawonye kangangokuthi akukho ukukhetha okuphumelelayo kwabavoti abangase bakhethe, amaqembu, noma izimiso. Lokhu kuqokomisa ukubaluleka kokhetho lokuncintisana ekulondolozeni ukusabela kukahulumeni.

Ukubonana Nabantu Ngokugqamile Nokuhlanganyela Nabo

Ngaphandle kokhetho olungokomthetho, izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe zihlala zinecala kubavoti phakathi nemijikelezo yokhetho.

Ukuqulwa kwezindaba zomphakathi, amahholo amadolobha nezinkonzo ezihlangene kunikeza iziqondiso zokuxhumana eziqhubekayo phakathi kwezikhulu ezikhethiwe nabantu ezibamelelayo.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nokubonana kukahulumeni nokulandisa, Sunight Foundation inikeza imithombo ezinyatheloni zikahulumeni ezivulekile kanye nezivumelwano zomphakathi.

Khumbula Ukukhetha Nokunye Umshini Osusuya

Ezinye izikhulu zivumela abavoti ukuba basuse izikhulu ezikhethiwe ngaphambi kokuba zinqunywe ngokhetho oluyisikhumbuzo. Lezi zinqubo zinikeza ithuluzi elengeziwe lokulandisa lapho izikhulu zihileleka ekuziphatheni okubi noma ziphelelwa ithemba emphakathini, nakuba kungavamile ukusetshenziswa futhi kuhlale kunempikiswano kwezinye izimo.

Ukuhloma kwezinqubo ezisemazingeni ahlukahlukene kahulumeni kunikeza enye indlela yokususa izikhulu ezisebenzisa kabi igunya lazo, nakuba ngokuvamile zidinga ukuthathwa ezinye izikhulu ezikhethiwe kunokuba zihileleke ngokuqondile ekuvoteni.

Izinselele Zokumelela Okuphumelelayo

Ulwazi Lokwaziswa

Ukuze amavoti aguqulele ngokuphumelelayo emiphumeleni yezimiso efiselekayo, abavoti badinga ukwaziswa okwanele ngabazobhapathizwa, izimpikiswano, nezinqubo zikahulumeni.

Ingabe izakhamuzi zinolwazi olwanele lokwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe ezimisweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinikezwa emazwini afushanisiwe?

Ukuhlukaniswa kwemithombo yezindaba, ukwaziswa okunganembile, kanye nokuyinkimbinkimbi kwenqubo yanamuhla konke kwenza ukuba ikhono labavoti lishintshe ikhono lokwenza ukukhetha kolwazi. Izinhlelo zemfundo ze-COVIC, abaqondisi, nemithombo yokwaziswa engaphakamisi isiza ekuxazululeni lezinselele, kodwa amagebe amakhulu okwaziswa ayaqhubeka.

Izithiyo Zokuhlanganyela

Imingcele ehlukahlukene ingavimbela abavoti abafanelekayo ukuba bahlanganyele okhethweni, ukunciphisa ukumelelwa kwemiphumela yokhetho. Lemingcele ihlanganisa izimfuneko zokubhalisa, imithetho yokuvota, indawo yokuvota elinganiselwe, nemingcele yezindlela zokuvota.

Izinhlelo zomsebenzi, izinselele zokuhamba nezinye izithiyo ezisebenzayo nazo zithinta ukuvota okuncane, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabavoti abahlawulwa kancane. Le zikhala zokuthatha isinyathelo zingabangela imiphumela encikene nezimiso zokukhetha labo ababhekene nezithiyo ezimbalwa zokuvota.

Imizamo yokwandisa ukutholakala kokhetho lokuqala, amavoti eposi, kanye nokuzimisela ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo ukunciphisa lemingcele nokuhlanganyela. Ukuphumelela kwalezi zinguquko ekuthuthukiseni ukumelelwa kuseyinkundla yokucwaninga nempikiswano yezimiso.

Ukusebenzisa I - Gerrymandering Nokulawula Isigodi

Izimiso zokunqoba zithambekele kakhulu ekusebenziseni imingcele yesifunda ekuthandeni amaqembu athile noma amaqembu zingaphazamisa ubuhlobo phakathi kwamavoti aphonswe nafeziwe, zilulaze isimiso sokuthi amavoti kufanele aguqulele ngokulinganayo emandleni ezombangazwe.

Ikhomishane yokufaka i-rediprogation ezimele nezindinganiso zezibalo zomdwebo wesigodi imelela imizamo yokukhuluma nge-gerrymanider, nakuba lenkinga isalokhu ikhona ezifundeni eziningi. Umklamo wezifunda ezikhethweyo uthinta kakhulu indlela amavota aguqulela ngayo ukumelelwa.

Imali Nethonya Elikhethekile Lemali Yomkhankaso

Amaqembu agcwele kahle avame ukubusa inqubo yokuthatha isinyathelo ngemikhankaso yokuqoqa i-octal nemithombo yezindaba ebizayo, okungaphazamisa ukubusa ngentando yeningi okubangelwa yimali kwezombangazwe. Indima yemali kwezombangazwe ithinta kokubili okhethweni abafuna ukukhethwa nezindlela zokuqondisa idemokrasi, okungandisa ithonya labanikelayo abacebile nezithakazelo ezihleliwe.

Izimiso zezimali ezikhona zizama ukulinganisela imibandela yokukhuluma ngokukhululekile ngenjongo yokuvimbela ukonakala nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela ekhethwayo iveza izintando zomphakathi eziningi kunokuba ibonise izithakazelo ezilinganiselwe ezingokwezimali. Impikiswano eqhubekayo ngalezimiso ibonisa ukungezwani okuyisisekelo endleleni izimiso zentando yeningi ezihumushela ngayo amavoti emandleni.

Ukunciphisa Ithonya Lomsindo Wakho

Ukukhuluma Kuzo Zonke Izinhlobo

Okhethweni lwendawo ikakhulukazi, ukunqoba komunye ozovota kungase kunqunywe ngamavoti ambalwa kuphela, futhi isinqumo sakho sokuvota singashukumisela umuntu ongakuthandisi ukuba akhethe.

Nakuba ukhetho lukamongameli lukhanga kakhulu, ukhetho lwendawo nolwezwe luvame ukuba nethonya eliqondeke kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. amalungu ebhodi lesikole, abameleli bomkhandlu wedolobha, nabamisi-mthetho bakahulumeni benza izinqumo ezithinta imfundo, ukuphepha komphakathi, izakhiwo, nezinkonzo zendawo. Ukuhlanganyela kulolukhetho kuthuthukisa ithonya lakho ezimisweni ezithinta umphakathi wakho ngokuqondile.

Okhetho oluyinhloko ludinga ukunakwa, njengoba benquma ukuthi obani abazongena ezikhungweni zokhetho ezivamile. Ezinhlanganweni ezibuswa iqembu elilodwa, okhetho oluyinhloko ngokuvamile banquma kahle onqobile ekugcineni, benza ukuhlanganyela ezindlini eziphezulu kube okubaluleke kakhulu ekuthonyeni imiphumela.

Ukucwaninga Izindaba Nezindaba

Ukuvota okugunyaziwe kudinga ukucwaninga ezikhundleni zalabo abazovota, amarekhodi, nezimfanelo. Abaqondisi bamavoter, i-fourum, nemithombo yokwaziswa engaphakamisi isiza abavoti ukuba baqonde ukukhetha kwabo futhi benze ukukhetha kuvumelane nentando yabo.

Kunezilinganiso ze-colletat kanye nama-apendium, ukuqonda umbhalo wangempela wezihlongozo kanye nemiphumela yazo kudinga ukunaka ngokucophelela. Imininingwane ye-Ballot ingangathathi yonke imininingwane efanelekile, futhi ukuphikisana ngemiphumela yezindlela kungaba yindida. Ukufuna ukuhlolwa okungahlanganisiwe nokucabangela imibono eminingi kuyasiza abavoti ukuba benze izinqumo zolwazi eziqondene nezindlela zobudemokhrasi.

Izinhlangano ezinjenge [[QL:0] I-League of Women Voters inikeza ulwazi olungavoti abavoti ukuze basize izakhamuzi zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Ukuhileleka Ngalé Kwebhokisi Lebhola

Ukucela nokukhuthaza abanye ukuba bavote kusho ukumelela izindaba ozikhathalelayo ngokukhetha abantu abakukhathalelayo, futhi ukuvota nokukhuthaza abanye ukuba bavote kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokwenza abezombangazwe balalele okukhathazayo.

Nakuba ukuvota kumelela indlela eyinhloko yokuhlanganyela kwezombangazwe, ukuthembisana okwengeziwe kuqinisa ithonya lakho. Ukuxhumana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe, ukuya emihlanganweni yasobala, ukuhlanganyela ezinhlanganweni zezezimali, nokuhlela konke ukuvota okuhambisanayo ngokunikeza ukusekela okuqhubekayo ezinqumweni zezimiso.

Izikhulu eziqashelwayo zinaka ukuxhumana okuhlanganyelwayo, ikakhulukazi lapho zithola abantu abaningi abazoxhumana kumagazini ofanayo. Imikhankaso yokuhlela ukuthatha isinyathelo sokukhetha nokuthembisana okuqhubekayo ngokuvamile iphumelela kakhulu ekuthonyeni inqubo.

Ukuqonda Isimiso Sakho Sobuchwepheshe

Ukuqonda indlela isimiso sakho esisebenza ngayo kukusiza ukuba uvote ngendlela efanelekile futhi ubeke amathemba angokoqobo ngendlela ukuvota kwakho okuyothonya ngayo imiphumela.

Ezimisweni ezinqobayo, ukucatshangelwa kokuvota okusemthethweni kungase kuhluke kulezo ezihlelwa ngokwezimiso ezilandelanayo. Ukuqonda ukuthi i-cures yakho isebenzisa ukhetho lwabathathi-hlangothi noma olungelulo isigaba, ukuthi imaphi amahhovisi akhethwayo amiswe kanye nalokho amahhovisi ahlukahlukene akwenza kube nengxenye ephumelela kakhulu ekuhlanganyeleni kwezombangazwe.

Imizamo yokuguqula inqubo kwezinye izifunda ihlose ukushintsha izimiso zokuvota ukuze ziguqulele kangcono lokho okukhethwayo kufanekiswe. Ukuhlanganyela ezimpikiswaneni eziphathelene nokuklanywa kwesimiso sokhetho kungenye indlela yokuthonya indlela amavoti aguqulela ngayo emandleni ezombangazwe.

Indima Ebanzi: Ukubusa Ngentando Yeningi Nokuhlanganyela

Ukuphathisa Abanye Njengesibopho

Ukukuncoma kukunika amandla okwakha ushintsho oluhle emphakathini wakini futhi unqumele wena nomkhaya wakho izinga elingcono lokuphila. Ngaphandle kokwazisa komuntu ngamunye, ukuvota kumelela umthwalo womphakathi osekela ukubusa kwentando yeningi futhi uqinisekisa ukulandisa kukahulumeni.

Uma abantu abaningi benqaba ukuvota, imiphumela yokuvota ingase ingabonisi ukuthi umphakathi uthanda kangakanani, futhi izikhulu ezikhethiwe zingase zingasabeli kahle ezikhundleni ezingavoti.

Ukufaneleka kukahulumeni wentando yeningi ngokwengxenye kusekelwe esimisweni sokuthi labo ababusayo bathola igunya labo ngokuvuma kwababuswayo. Ukuqamba kumelela indlela eyinhloko izakhamuzi ezinikeza noma zigodle ngayo leyomvume, okwenza ukuhlanganyela kube okubalulekile ekugunyazweni kwentando yeningi.

Ukulwela Amalungelo Abantu Ngokomlando

Ukuqonda lo mlando kunikeza incazelo yokubaluleka kokuthatha iqhaza nokuvikela amalungelo okuvota.

Kusukela ekunwetshweni kwezenzo zokuzitika ngamadoda amhlophe anezimpahla kuya emzamweni wabesifazane wokuhlasela kwenhlangano yamalungelo ezakhamuzi ekulweni nemingcele yokuvota engekho emthethweni, umlando wentando yeningi uhilela imizamo eqhubekayo yokwandisa ukuhlanganyela nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi zingathonya uhulumeni ngamavoti azo.

Kusebalulekile ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amavoti aguqukela ngokuphumelelayo kuhulumeni omelela ukuvota, ukungenela nokuqondisa okhethweni.

Ikusasa Lokuhlanganyela Ngokwentando Yeningi

Ubuchwepheshe, ukushintsha kwenani labantu, nokuguqula izimiso zezombangazwe kuyaqhubeka kushintsha indlela izakhamuzi ezihlanganyela ngayo ekubuseni ngentando yeningi nendlela amavoti ashintshela ngayo ezinqumweni zikahulumeni. Ukubhalisa nge - Internet, izimiso zokuvota zemishini, neziteshi zokuxhumana ngemishini kuveza amathuba amasha nezinselele zokuhlanganyela entando yeningi.

Izinqubo zokusungula ukuhlangana komphakathi, kusukela ekusebenziseni imali ngokuhlukana kuya emihlanganweni yezakhamuzi, ukunezela ezimisweni zokukhetha ezingokwesiko futhi zakhe iziteshi ezengeziwe zokuqondisa umphakathi ezinqumweni zikahulumeni. Lezi zinqubo zingathuthukisa ukuhlobana phakathi kwentando yezakhamuzi nezimiso.

I- Ungqungquthela wesizwe we-Legislatures i-'inguquko kubaphathi bokhetho nezivumelwano zomphakathi ezizweni ezihlukahlukene.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuphazamiseka kwezobuchwepheshe, ukushintsha kwenani labantu nezinye izinselele ezinkulu ziyovivinya ikhono lesimiso sombuso wentando yeningi lokuguqula lokho okuthandwa isakhamuzi sibe izimpendulo eziphumelelayo ezingokwenqubo. Izinga lokubusa kwentando yeningi lixhomeke ekulondolozeni nasekuqiniseni izinqubo zokuvota ezihlanganisa ukwenza izinqumo zikahulumeni.

Amasihluthulelo Okuthatha Izindawo: Indlela Imisebenzi Yakho Esebenza Ngayo Kuhulumeni

Ukuqonda indlela uhulumeni asebenzisa ngayo ukuvota kwakho ukuze wenze izinqumo kudinga ukuqaphela izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi eziguqula amaqembu ahlukahlukene abe ababusi abahlangene. Lenqubo ihilela izigaba eziningi futhi ixhomeke ezicini ezihlukahlukene ezihlelekile, kusukela ezimisweni ezikhethiwe kuya ezimisweni zokulandisa kuya ezingeni lokuhlanganyela komphakathi.

  • [ Izimiso zobuzali zibalulekile[: Izimiso zokuvota ezihlukene ziguqula okuthandwayo kube ukumelela ngezindlela ezihlukene, okunemiphumela emikhulu yemiphumela yesimiso nokusabela kukahulumeni.
  • Amazinga ahlukene ethonya[: Amavote athinta izinqumo zikahulumeni ngokukhetha abameleli abenza izinqumo zezimiso nangokunquma ngokuqondile izimpikiswano ezithile ngokuthumela nokuthatha izinyathelo.
  • Izinqubo zokulanda iakhawunti [: ukhetho oluvamile, izimfuneko zokubona ngapha nangapha, kanye nokuthembisana komphakathi kwakha ukuhlobana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwezenzo zovoti nezenzo zikahulumeni.
  • Isigaba sibalulekile[: Umvoti omkhulu uqinisa ukuxhumeka phakathi kombono womphakathi nemiphumela yesimiso, kuyilapho ukuthatha isinyathelo esiphansi kungavimbela ukusabela kukahulumeni.
  • Ulwazi nokuthembisana : Ukwazi ukuvota nokubopha okuqhubekayo kwezakhamuzi ngalé kokhetho kwenza ukuba ukuphumelela kokukhetha ekulolongeni izinqumo zikahulumeni.
  • Izinselele zohlelo ziyaqhubeka[: izithiyo zokuhlanganyela, amagebhu olwazi, ihlombe elikhethekile, kanye nethonya elikhethekile kungaphazamisa ukuhunyushelwa kwamavoti kuhulumeni ongummeleli.
  • Indaba yokhetho lwasendaweni engaphandle[: Nakuba ukhetho lwezwe ludonsa ukunakekela okwengeziwe, ukhetho lwendawo nombuso luvame ukuthinta ukuphila kwansuku zonke futhi lunikeza amathuba amakhulu kakhulu amavoti ukuba athonye imiphumela.
  • Intando yeningi nemeleli iphelelisana [: Kokubili amanxusa akhethayo nokuvota ngokuqondile ezindabeni ezithile kufeza indima ebalulekile ekuguquleni izintando zezakhamuzi ezenzweni zikahulumeni.

Ivoti yakho imelela okungaphezu kokubonisa nje ukuthi uthanda. Kuyindlela eyisisekelo imiphakathi yentando yeningi eyenza ngayo izinqumo zeqembu, iqoqe imithombo yengcebo, futhi ibeke abaholi icala. Ngokuqonda indlela amavoti aguqulela ngayo ezinyathelweni zikahulumeni nangokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ezinqubweni zokukhetha, izakhamuzi zingalithuthukisa ithonya lazo ezimisweni ezibumba ukuphila kwazo nemiphakathi yazo.

Ubuhlobo phakathi kokuvota nokwenza isinqumo sikahulumeni buyaqhubeka bunamandla futhi buphikiswana, nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo ngezimiso zokukhetha, ukumelela, nokuguqula idemokrasi. Ukuhlanganyela kulezimpikiswano nokuhlanganyela emizamweni yokuqinisa izinhlangano zentando yeningi kuqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni uyaqhubeka esabela kubantu abakhonzayo.

Ekugcineni, ukuphumelela kokuvota ekulolongeni izinqumo zikahulumeni kuxhomeke ezingeni lezinhlangano zentando yeningi, ukuthatha uhlangothi olubanzi kwezezentando yeningi, kanye nokuqonda kwezakhamuzi ukuthi izinqubo zokukhetha zisebenza kanjani. Ngokuvota njalo, ukuhlala unolwazi, nokuhlanganyela ekuphileni komphakathi ngaphandle kwebhokisi lokuvota, unezela esimisweni sentando yeningi esiguqula intando yeningi ukuba inqubo kahulumeni futhi silondoloze ukulandisa phakathi nokhetho.