Table of Contents

Ilungelo lokukhuluma ngokukhululekile lingenye yezindlela eziyisisekelo zokuvikela emiphakathini yentando yeningi emhlabeni wonke. Inkululeko yokukhuluma iyisimiso esisekela inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye noma yomphakathi ukuba ikhiphe imibono nemibono yabo ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphindisela, ukucubungula, noma ukugunyaza okungokomthetho. Lelilungelo elibalulekile lilondolozwa ngezimiso ezingokomthetho ezibanzi, amalungiselelo omthetho, nezindinganiso zamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke ezisebenza ndawonye ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu bangaveza imizwa yabo ngokukhululekile futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa okungadingekile. Ukuqonda ukuthi uhulumeni nemithetho isekela kanjani ilungelo lakho lokukhuluma kukunika amandla okusebenzisa lenkululeko ngokuhloniphekile kuyilapho uqaphela kokubili isivikelo sayo nokulinganiselwa kwayo.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Sokukhuluma Ngenkululeko Engalawuleki E - United States

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sithi "ISiphendulo Asinakwenza mthetho ngokuqondene nokumiswa kwenkolo, noma ukunqabela ukuyisebenzisa kwayo ngokukhululekile; noma ukuvimbela inkululeko yokukhuluma, noma yezindaba; noma ilungelo labantu lokuhlangana ngokuthula, nokunxusa uHulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalo." Lombhalo wesisekelo, owamukelwa ngo-1791 kanye nezinye iziphendulo eziyisishiyagalo esihlanganisa iSipho samaLungelo, umisa isisekelo sesivikelo senkululeko yomthetho waseMelika.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala siqinisekisa inkululeko yokukhuluma ngokunqabela iSishaya - mthetho ukuba sivimbele abanyathelisi noma amalungelo abantu ukuba bakhulume ngokukhululekile. Lesi sivikelo sidlulela ngalé kokukhulumisana okulula. IsiHlanzi Sokuqala sivikela ukukhulunywa, inkulumo elotshiwe nengokomfanekiso, kanye nomsebenzi wokuchaza, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iquketheni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukugqoka izingubo ezithile, ukubonisa izimpawu, ukwenza ubuciko, nokuhlanganyela emibukiswaneni yokuthula konke kuwela ngaphansi kwesambulela senkulumo evikelwe.

Isilinganiso seSichibiyelo Sokuqala siye sakhula kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kusukela kuGitlow v. New York (1925), iNkantolo Ephakeme yasebenzisa iSichibiyelo Sokuqala ezindaweni `inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Created Process of the 1450th Reformation. Lokhu kwakhiwa okubucayi kwasho ukuthi umbuso nohulumeni bendawo, hhayi nje uhulumeni wezwe, baboshwa ngemithetho yeSichibiyelo Sokuqala, banweba ngokuphawulekayo ukufinyelela isivikelo sokukhuluma kulo lonke izwe.

Lokho ISichibiyelo Sokuqala Esikuvikelayo Ngempela

ISichibiyelo sokuqala sinezivikelo ezibanzi nezingaqondakali. ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sinikeza wonke umuntu ohlala e-United States ilungelo lokuzwa zonke izinhlangothi zendaba futhi azenzele izahlulelo zakhe ngalezo zindaba ngaphandle kokuphazamisa noma ukulinganiselwa kukahulumeni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izici eziningi zokukhuluma nokuhlangana.

Inkululeko Yokukhuluma Neyokubonakaliswa

Inkululeko yokukhuluma isho ukuveza imibono ekhululekile nesobala ngaphandle kokucubungula, ukuphazamisa, noma ukuvimbela kukahulumeni. Lokhu kuvikela kubanzi ngokuphawulekayo. Igama elithi "inkululeko yokukhuluma" elifakwe esiGuqulweni Sokuqala lihlanganisa isinqumo okumelwe sisho kanye nalokho okungamelwe kushiwo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi unelungelo lakho kokubili lokukhuluma kanye nelungelo lokuthula. .Uhulumeni akanakukushukumisela ukuba usho imibono yakho ongayibambi.

INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaqaphela izinhlobo eziningi zenkulumo evikelwe phakathi namashumi eminyaka. Izibonelo eziphawulekayo zihlanganisa abafundi abagqoke izibopho ezimnyama esikoleni ukuze babhikishe impi futhi basebenzise amagama athile acasulayo ukuze badlulisele izigijimi zezombangazwe. Ngisho nenkulumo abaningi abayithola ingathandeki kakhulu iyavikeleka. ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela inkulumo ngisho nalapho imiqondo evezwayo ibhekwa njengengenangqondo, ecasulayo, engcolile noma enenzondo.

Inkululeko Yezindaba

Imithombo yezindaba ekhululekile isho ilungelo labantu lokuveza imizwa yabo ngokunyathelisa nangokusakaza ukwaziswa, imibono, nemibono ngaphandle kokuphazamisa, ukunqanda, noma ukumangalela uhulumeni.

INkantolo iye yasho ukuthi umphakathi ungase ungakucindezeli ukusakazwa kwemibono kahulumeni ngoba ayithandeki, iyacasula, noma ayithandeki.

Ilungelo Lomhlangano Onokuthula Nesicelo

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala siqinisekisa ilungelo lezakhamuzi lokuhlangana ngokuthula nokunxusa uhulumeni wazo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukuhlela ukumasha, ukuya emhlanganweni, noma ukuhlangana nabantu abanezingqondo ezifana nezakho ukuze baxoxe ngezindaba zezombangazwe, iSichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela le misebenzi ekuphazanyisweni uhulumeni, uma nje behlala benokuthula.

Ilungelo Lokwamukela Ulwazi

Inkululeko yokukhuluma ayikona nje ukuveza imizwa yakho kuphela mayelana nokuthola ukwaziswa. Umthetho-sisekelo uvikela ilungelo lokwamukela ukwaziswa nemibono, kungakhathaliseki ukubaluleka kwezenhlalo, futhi ukhululeke ekuphazanyisweni yiziphazamiso zikahulumeni ezingenise umuntu ekusithekeni nasekulawuleni imicabango yakhe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhulumeni akanakulawula ukuthi yiziphi izincwadi ozifundayo, ukuthi uvakashela kuphi amawebhusayithi, noma yimiphi imibono okhetha ukuyihlola.

Ukulinganiselwa Okubalulekile: Lokho ISichibiyelo Sokuqala Esingakuvikeli

Nakuba iSichibiyelo Sokuqala sigcwele, asiphelele, inkululeko yokukhuluma ayisho ukuthi abantu bangase basho noma yini abayifisayo, noma kuphi lapho befisa khona.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala Kuphela Sivimbela Ukuthatha Isinyathelo Kukahulumeni

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivimbela kuphela uhulumeni wezwe, izifundazwe, nohulumeni bendawo ukuba balinganisele inkululeko yokukhuluma. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iSichibiyelo Sokuqala sivimbela imingcele kahulumeni yokukhuluma futhi asivimbeli imingcele ebekwa abantu ngabanye noma amabhizinisi.

I-Facebook kanye neminye imithombo yezokuxhumana ingalawula noma ibeke imingcele yenkulumo ezindaweni zabo zesikhulumi ngoba ziyizinhlangano ezizimele. Abaqashi, izikole, amabhizinisi nezinhlangano ngokuvamile bakhululekile ukubeka imithetho yabo siqu ngokuphathelene nenkulumo eyamukelekayo, ngoba ababona abadlali bakahulumeni ababoshelwe iSichibiyelo Sokuqala.

Izinhlobo Zenkulumo Engavikelwanga

Le nkulumo eboniswa njengeyezigaba ezimbalwa ezincane zenkulumo ayivikelwe iSichibiyelo Sokuqala. lezi zigaba ziye zachazwa ngokucophelela amashumi eminyaka ezinqumo zeNkantolo Ephakeme futhi zimelela ukulimaza okuqondile okudlula izithakazelo ezikhululekile.

Izigaba zenkulumo engavikelekile zihlanganisa ukuhlambalaza, izithombe ezingcolile zobulili zezingane, inkulumo ehlambalazayo, ukukhangisa ngamanga, ukusongela kweqiniso, namazwi okulwa.

Ukushukumiseleka Esenzeni Esingenamthetho

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala asiyivikeli inkulumo ekhuthaza abantu ukuba baphule umthetho, kuhlanganise nokwenza izenzo zobudlova, kodwa indinganiso yalokho okuwukukhuthaza okungavikelwa iphakeme kakhulu. Inkulumo ethi "ibhebhezela ukusetshenziswa kwempoqo noma ukwephulwa komthetho" ivikelwe yiSichibiyelo Sokuqala "ngaphandle kwalapho ukujezisa okunjalo kuqondiswe ekuvuseleleni noma ekubangeleni izenzo zokungabi namthetho ezisondelayo futhi ngokunokwenzeka ikhuthaza noma yenza isenzo esinjalo.”

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokuvamile ubudlova obungaqondakali noma ukwephulwa komthetho kuhlala kuvikelekile.

Usongo Lweqiniso

Usongo lweqiniso luhlanganisa lawomazwi lapho isikhulumi sisho khona ukuthi sizimisele ukuveza isenzo sobudlova obungekho emthethweni kumuntu othile noma eqenjini labantu. Okubalulekile ukuthi isikhulumi akudingeki sihlose ukufeza usongo, “‘ ukuthi umuntu onengqondo angabheka amazwi njengendlela engathi sína yini yokuveza inhloso yokulimaza.

Ukuphica

Izinkulumo ezingamanga ezilimaza idumela lomuntu zingaba yizikweleti. Iyunivesithi ingavimbela inkulumo engcolisa umuntu othile ngamanga. Nokho, umthetho ohlanekezelwe e-United States uhlanganisa isivikelo esikhulu sokukhuluma ngemifanekiso yomphakathi nangezindaba zomphakathi, ezidinga ubufakazi bobubi bangempela ezimweni eziningi.

Imingcele Yesikhathi, Indawo, Neyomuntu

Ngisho nenkulumo evikelekile ingalawulwa yizimiso ezinengqondo. Iyunivesithi ingasilawula kahle isikhathi, indawo nendlela yokukhuluma ukuze iqiniseke ukuthi ayiphazamise imisebenzi evamile yaseyunivesithi. Lemingcele equkethwe ivumela izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuba zilawule isikhathi, ukuthi zikuphi, futhi kanjani izimpawu zivela ngaphandle kokungacunuli ngokusekelwe esigijimini esidluliselwayo.

Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha lingadinga imvume yokubonisa okukhulu, ukumisa imithetho yomsindo, noma ukumisa izindawo ezithile zokubhikisha. Nokho, lesisikhathi sokubhikisha okuqukethwe, indawo nezindlela kubekelwe imingcele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufundisa kweyunivesithi, ukufunda, ukucwaninga, inkonzo, imisebenzi yokunakekela nokunakekela isineke kungavela ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Imingcele enjalo kumelwe ilungiswe ngokulinganiselwe futhi ingasebenzi njengebhaxa lokucindezela imibono ethile.

Isimiso Sombono Sokungathathi - hlangothi

Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvikela ezibekwe emthethweni weSichibiyelo Sokuqala imfuneko yokungathathi hlangothi kombono. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni nezikhulu zikahulumeni zenqatshelwe ukuqondisa noma ukuvimbela inkulumo noma enye inkulumo esekelwe ekuqukethe noma embonweni wayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uhulumeni akanakukhetha futhi akhethe ukuthi yimiphi imibono evumelanayo yini neziphathimandla.

Umbono wokungathathi-hlangothi kusho ukuthi izinhlangano zikahulumeni zendawo nezohulumeni azinakuvumela ukuboniswa kwendaba enikezwayo ku-Mointe A — kodwa hhayi ku-Moir B. Ngokwesibonelo, uhulumeni akavumi ukuvunyelwa komhlangano omelene nokukhishwa kwezisu, kuyilapho evala imvume yokuhlanganisa ukukhipha izisu. Lesimiso siqinisekisa ukuthi amandla kahulumeni awanakusetshenziswa ekusekeleni izinkolelo ezithile zezombangazwe, ezenkolo, noma zemibono phezu kwabanye.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivimbela futhi zonke izinhlangano zikahulumeni zendawo, kuhlanganise nezikole zomphakathi, ekugxekeni inkulumo esekelwe embonweni wayo.

Izindinganiso Zamalungelo Abantu Zezizwe Zonke Zenkululeko Yokubonakaliswa

Isivikelo sokukhuluma esidlulela ngalé kwemingcele yaseMelika. Ilungelo lenkululeko yokukhuluma liye laqashelwa njengelungelo lomuntu eSivumelwaneni Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu (UDHR) nomthetho wamalungelo abantu wezizwe zonke. Lezi zindinganiso zomhlaba wonke zinikeza uhlelo lokuvikela amalungelo okukhuluma emhlabeni wonke.

ISimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu

ISiphakamiso 19 seSimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu, esamukelwa ngo - 1948, sithi: Wonke umuntu unelungelo lenkululeko yokucabanga neyokukhuluma; leli lungelo lihlanganisa inkululeko yokuba nemibono ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa nokufuna, ukwamukela nokudlulisela ukwaziswa nemibono nganoma imiphi imithombo yezindaba nanoma imiphi imikhawulo. Lesi simemezelo samisa inkululeko yokukhuluma njengelungelo eliyisisekelo lomuntu eliqashelwa umphakathi wezizwe zonke.

Ilungelo lenkululeko yokukhuluma libekwe eSiphakameni 19 seSimemezelo Somhlaba Wonke Samalungelo Abantu, esiveza kabanzi amalungelo abantu ngamunye wethu anawo, futhi kamuva savikelwa ngokomthetho ngesivumelwano sezizwe ngezizwe nangezifunda. Lokhu kuqaphela kwezizwe zonke kusho ukuthi inkululeko yokukhuluma ayiyona nje into ekhathaza isizwe kodwa ilungelo lomuntu eliqashelwa emhlabeni wonke.

Isivumelwano Sezizwe Zonke Ngamalungelo Omphakathi Nangokwezombangazwe

Inkululeko yokukhuluma inikezwa isivikelo esicacile emthethweni wezizwe zonke yiSivumelwano seZizwe Zonke samalungelo omphakathi nawezombangazwe esibopha izizwe ezicishe zibe ngu - 150. Lesi sivumelwano sinikeza izibopho ezibophayo ezingokomthetho ukuze izizwe zibophe izivumelwano zokuvikela inkululeko yokukhuluma phakathi kwemingcele yazo.

Amalungelo aqukethwe ngaphansi kwesihloko 19 se-ICCPR ahlanganisa izimiso ezintathu eziyisisekelo: inkululeko yombono, inkululeko yokuthola ukwaziswa; nenkululeko yokuveza. Lendlela ebanzi iqaphela ukuthi inkululeko yeqiniso yokukhuluma ayidingi ilungelo lokukhuluma kuphela kodwa futhi nelungelo lokwakha imibono nokufinyelela imithombo ehlukahlukene yokwaziswa.

Izikhali Zamalungelo Abantu Zesifunda

Ilungelo libekwe eSiphakamisweni 19 seSivumelwano sezizwe zonke samalungelo omphakathi nawomhlaba wonke, iSiphakamiso 10 se-European Convention on Human Rights, iSiphakamiso 13 se-American Convention on Human Rights neSiphakamiso 9 se-Afrika yeCharter on Human and People’s Rights. La mathuluzi esifunda avumelanisa izindinganiso zezizwe ngezindlela ezithile ezingoko masiko nezomthetho kuyilapho elondoloza izikhuselo eziyisisekelo zenkululeko yokukhuluma.

Iningi lamazwe liye lagunyaza i - International Convention on the Confter of the Constitution of the derdernation of the dernations (ICERD), iSivumelwano Samazwe Onke Samalungelo Omphakathi Nawo Wonke (ICCPR), i - Convention on the Rights of the Reties and the Persons and Culture (CRD), ngasinye esivikela inkululeko yombono nenkulumo. Lokhu kusetshenziswa kwembulunga yonke kubonisa isibopho somhlaba wonke sokuvikela amalungelo okuveza.

Ukuvikelwa Komthetho - sisekelo Emhlabeni Wonke

Amazwe amaningi anemithetho engokomthetho evikela inkululeko yokukhuluma. Nakuba ulimi oluqondile nezinga lesivikelo kuhlukahluka, amazwe entando yeningi emhlabeni wonke aqaphela inkululeko yokukhuluma njengelungelo eliyisisekelo elifanelwe isivikelo somthetho - sisekelo. Amanye amazwe, njengeUnited States, anikeza isivikelo esiqinile, kuyilapho amanye elinganisela inkululeko yokukhuluma ezithakazelweni ezincintisanayo ezinjengesithunzi, ukuhleleka komphakathi, noma ukulondeka kwesizwe.

Ukuhlolwa Uhulumeni Ngokungemthetho

Isisekelo sesivikelo sokukhuluma esiwukwenqabela ukucusumbulwa kukahulumeni. Ukugxekwa kukahulumeni, ukunganeliseki kwezombangazwe, nokungavumelani nemibono engathandeki abantu abangase bayithole ingathandeki noma imelene nesimiso somphakathi cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kuvikelwa iSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Lesivikelo sibalulekile ukuze umuntu athole icala lobudemokhrasi futhi siqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zingabekela inselele izenzo zikahulumeni ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphindisela okungokomthetho.

Ukwenqatshelwa kokucusumbulwa kwemithetho kudlulela ekuvimbeleni ukuvimbela ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke. Izinkantolo zibheka izithiyo ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke ngokusola okuthile, njengoba zimelela uhlobo oluqondile lokuhlola. Nakuba zinganqatshelwe ngokuphelele, izithiyo zangaphambili zibhekene nomthwalo onzima kakhulu wokuzithethelela futhi azivamile ukusekelwa.

UMahluleli weNkantolo ePhakeme uLouis Brandeis weluleka abantu abahlala e-United States ukuba baxazulule ukungezwani kwabo kwezindinganiso nezinkolelo ngokuphendukela "ekukhulumeni kaningi, hhayi ekuthuleni okuphoqelelwe." Lefilosofi ibonisa inkolelo yemibono − inkolelo yokuthi iqiniso livela ngengxoxo esobala nengxoxo kunokuba isetshenziswe nguhulumeni ekulawuleni ulwazi.

Ukufinyelela ukwaziswa kukahulumeni

Inkululeko yokukhuluma ayihlanganisi nje ilungelo lokukhuluma kodwa nelungelo lokuthola ukwaziswa okuphethwe uhulumeni. Imibuso eminingi iye yamisa imithetho yokwaziswa evumela izakhamuzi ukuba zicele futhi zithole amarekhodi kahulumeni. Lokhu kuveza isimo kubalulekile empikiswaneni yomphakathi enolwazi kanye nokuziphendulela ngentando yeningi.

Lemithetho iyaqaphela ukuthi izakhamuzi azinakuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo ekubuseni kwentando yeningi ngaphandle kokuthola ukwaziswa ngemisebenzi kahulumeni, izinqubo, nezinqubo zokwenza izinqumo.

Imibandela Ekhethekile: Inkululeko Yokukhuluma Ezikoleni Nezingxabano

Izinhlangano zemfundo zinikeza izimo eziyingqayizivele zezindaba zenkululeko yokukhuluma. Abafundi abawachithi amalungelo abo omthetho - sisekelo esangweni lesikole, futhi iSichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela ikhono labo lokuveza imibono, ngisho nasezindabeni eziphikisanayo. Lesi simiso, esisungulwe ezicabeni ezivelele zeNkantolo Ephakeme, siqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi balondoloza isivikelo sokukhuluma ngokukhululekile ngisho nangaphakathi kwezikole ezihlelwe kahle.

K-12 Izikole

Nakuba abafundi ezikoleni zomphakathi eziphansi nabasekhondali benamalungelo okuzinzisa iSichibiyelo somphakathi, lamalungelo alinganiswa ezithakazelo ezingokomthetho zezikole ekulondolozeni ukuhleleka nasekufezeni umsebenzi wabo wemfundo. Izikole zingavimbela inkulumo yabafundi ephazamisa kakhulu imisebenzi yesikole noma ephazamisa amalungelo abanye abafundi, kodwa abanakumane bacindezele inkulumo ngoba bephikisana nomyalezo noma beyithola iphikisana nawo.

INkantolo Ephakeme iqaphele ukuthi izikole zinegunya elikhulu lokulawula ukukhuluma kwesikole semisebenzi efana namaphephandaba noma imihlangano kunenzayo ngokuveza umbono wabafundi. Nokho, ngisho nakulokhu kulandisa, izikole azikwazi ukuthatha iso lemibono noma zicindezele inkulumo ngenxa nje yokuthi zikhuluma ngezihloko eziphikisanayo.

Umphakathi Nezindawo Zokufundisa

Amayunivesithi omphakathi anjenge-Iowa State angaphansi kwemingcele engokomthetho ebekwe eSichibiyelweni Sokuqala, kokubili emthetho wezwe/wesizwe, futhi angase angaphuli enkululekweni yomuntu. Abafundi basekholiji ngokuvamile bajabulela izivikelo zokukhuluma ezibanzi kunabafundi be K-12, babonisa isikhundla sabo njengabantu abadala nendima yeyunivesithi njengetheki lemibono.

Umthetho weSichibiyelo Sokuqala nowaseOhio uwavikela ngokucacile amalungelo abafundi, izisebenzi, izisebenzi nezivakashi zaseyunivesithi ukuba bahlanganyele ngokomthetho enkulumweni nasemisebenzini yokukhuluma.

Inkululeko Yokuziphilisa

Inkululeko yenkululeko imelela ukusebenza okukhethekile kwezimiso zokukhululeka ekufundiseni. Ivikela ikhono lamalungu othisha lokufundisa, ukucwaninga, nokusakaza okufunyenweyo ngaphandle kokuhlola noma ukuyala okusekelwe ekusekelweni emsebenzini wawo. Lenkululeko ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amayunivesithi asebenza njengezindawo ezizimele zemfundo nophendlo.

Inkululeko yezemfundo ivikela futhi amalungelo amalungu ezisebenzi njengezakhamuzi zokukhuluma ezindabeni zomphakathi ezikhathalela ngaphandle kokuziphindiselela. Nokho, lenkululeko ihambisana nemithwalo yemfanelo, kuhlanganise nokuhlangabezana nezibopho zobuchwepheshe nokuhlonipha amalungelo abafundi nosebenza nabo.

Ilungelo Lokukhononda Nokubonisa

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela inkululeko yokuhlangana ngokuthula noma ukuhlangana ndawonye noma nokuhlangana neqembu labantu ngezinjongo zezenhlalo, zezomnotho, zezombangazwe noma zenkolo, kanye nelungelo lokuphikisa uhulumeni. Lelilungelo lokubhikisha liyisisekelo sokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi futhi liye lafeza indima ebalulekile ezinhlanganweni zezenhlalo kuwo wonke umlando.

Uma ufuna ukugxeka isikhulu samaphoyisa endawo ukuze uphikise ukuziphatha okubi kwamaphoyisa, noma phambi kwe - D.C. uMkhandlu ukuze uphikise amalungu omkhandlu adluliswa umthetho, iSichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela ilungelo lakho lokwenza kanjalo.

Izimfuneko Zomhlangano Ezinokuthula

Isivikelo somthetho - sisekelo sidlulela nasemihlanganweni enokuthula nasemibhikishweni. Ubudlova, ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla, noma okunye ukuziphatha okungekho emthethweni phakathi nokubhikisha akuvikelwe iSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Nokho, ukungathi nje kuzoba nokuphazamiseka akukuthetheleli ukunqanda ukugconwa kokuthula. izikhulu zikahulumeni kumelwe zibe nobufakazi obuqondile, obunokwethenjelwa besenzo sokungabi namthetho esiseduze sokuvimbela amalungelo emihlangano.

Izikhulu eziqapha umthetho kumelwe ziwahloniphe amalungelo omthetho-mthetho omthetho ngisho nalapho ziqondisa imibhikisho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zigqoka iyunifomu enjani, ukugcinwa komthetho kanye namabutho ezempi kuboshwe nguMthetho-sisekelo, okusho ukuthi amalungelo ethu okuhlangana ngokuthula, inkululeko yokukhuluma, inqubo efanelekile nokuvikelwa ekuhlolweni okungekho emthethweni kanye nokuquleka kusasebenza futhi kubeke imingcele ebalulekile engokomthetho.

Izimfuneko Zemvume Nemithetho

Ohulumeni bangafuna imvume yokuqhayisa okukhulu noma ukubhikisha kwezinye izindawo zomphakathi. Lezi zimfuneko kumelwe zingathathi hlangothi, zisetshenziswe ngokungaguquguquki kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kushiwo umlayezo, futhi azinakunikeza izikhulu ukuhlakanipha okungalawuleki ukuba ziphike imvume esekelwe embonweni ovezwayo. Intela zemvume kumelwe zibe ezinengqondo futhi zingenakubekwa phezulu ukuze zivimbele ukubhikisha okuphumelelayo.

Lapho izimfuneko ziklanywe kahle futhi zisetshenziswa, zivumela ohulumeni ukuba balawule ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zomphakathi futhi baqinisekise ukuphepha komphakathi ngaphandle kokucindezela ukukhulumela okukhululekile.

Zonda Inkulumo Nezenzo Ezicasulayo

E - United States, inkulumo eyinzondo ithola isivikelo esiningi ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo Sokuqala, esisekelwe embonweni wokuthi akuyona indima efanele kahulumeni ukuzama ukuvikela abantu emibonweni nasemibonweni abangayithandi, abangathandeki, noma ngisho nabacasula ngokujulile.

Inkululeko yokukhuluma, noma inkululeko yokukhuluma, isebenza emibonweni yazo zonke izinhlobo, kuhlanganise naleyo engase icasule kakhulu. Lokhu kubonisa isimiso sokuthi uhulumeni akufanele asebenzise njengesekela lemibono eyamukelekayo. Nokho, nakuba umthetho wezizwe zonke uvikela inkululeko yokukhuluma, kunezikhathi lapho inkulumo ingavinjelwa ngokusemthethweni ngaphansi komthetho ofanayo – njengalapho iphula amalungelo abanye, noma, ikhuthaza inzondo nobandlululo noma ubudlova.

Umehluko Phakathi Kokukhuluma Ngenzondo Nokuhlukunyezwa

Nakuba inkulumo yenzondo ivikelekile, iSichibiyelo sokuqala asikuvikeli ukuziphatha ngenxa nje yokuthi sishukunyiswa izinkolelo noma imibono yomuntu enenzondo, futhi ubugebengu benzondo bungalawulwa umthetho futhi abuvikelwe yiSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Lomehluko ubalulekile: ukuveza imibono yenzondo ngokuvamile kuyavikelwa, kodwa ukuziphatha okusekelwe kubantu abahlosiwe ezicini ezivikelekile kungavinjelwa.

Umngcele phakathi kwenkulumo eyisihluku evikelekile nokuhlukunyezwa okungavikelekile uxhomeke ezicini ezinjengokuthi inkulumo iqondiswe kubantu abathile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iphindwa futhi ihlosiwe, nokuthi ibangela isimo esingesihle yini esiphazamisa amalungelo angokomthetho.

Indlela Yokweyisa Inkulumo Yomhlaba Wonke

Nakuba eminye imingcele yenkululeko yokuveza imizwa ingase ishukunyiswe izimiso zokulingana nokungacwasi, "ukugqugquzelwa kohlanga nokuqothulwa kohlanga" kanye "nokungavumelani kwenzondo yobuzwe, yobuzwe noma engokwenkolo ebangela ukuba kube nobandlululo, ubutha noma ubudlova" yenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi komthetho wezizwe zonke, futhi ibhekwa njengezindlela "noma yiziphi izindlela zokukhuluma ngenzondo".

Amazwe amaningi angaphandle kweUnited States anenzondo ngemithetho yokukhuluma enqabela izinhlobo ezithile zenkulumo ezisekelwe ohlazweni, enkolweni, ebuhlangani, noma kwezinye izici ezivikelekile. Lemithetho ibonisa ukulinganisela okuhlukile kokuveza inkululeko ngokumelene nezithakazelo ezilinganayo nesithunzi. Ohulumeni banesibopho sokwenqabela inkulumo enenzondo, eshukumisayo kodwa abaningi basebenzisa kabi igunya labo lokuqeda ukungavumelani ngokuthula ngokukhipha imithetho ephazamisa inkululeko yokukhuluma.

Izinselele Zobudala Bezinombolo Zokukhuluma

Nokho, lapho kusungulwa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, kwavela izindlela ezintsha zokuxhumana nazo zingaphansi kwemingcele emisha.I - Internet nemithombo yezindaba yezenhlalo kuye kwashintsha indlela abantu abasebenzisa ngayo ilungelo labo lokukhuluma, kwakha kokubili amathuba amasha okukhuluma nezinselele ezintsha zokuvikela amalungelo okukhuluma.

Ukusebenzisa I - Internet Nokulinganisela

Ukuhlolisiswa kwezindaba kuyi - Internet kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okufanayo nokucusumbulwa kwemithombo yezindaba engokwesiko. Nokho, isimo sembulunga yonke se - Internet sibangela ukuphoqeleka kokugcinwa kwemithetho futhi sidala izingxabano phakathi kwezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zezizwe zokukhuluma ngokukhululekile.

Iziteshi zezokuxhumana zivame ukusebenzisa ukulinganisela okuqukethwe yikho ukuze zihlunge noma zisuse izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezibhekwa njengezingekho emthethweni, ngisho noma lokho okuqukethwe kungangekho emthethweni. Ngenxa yokuthi la mapulatifomu azizona izinkampani ezizimele, izinqumo zawo ezilinganiselayo ezikuqukethe ngokuvamile azingqubuzani neSichibiyelo Sokuqala, nakuba ziphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekile ngamandla ezinhlangano ezizimele zokulawula inkulumo yasobala.

Ukungena Kuyi - Internet Njengendaba Yokukhuluma Ekhululekile

Njengoba i-Internet iba isisekelo senkulumo yeningi, ukufinyelela kumapulatifomu kuyindaba ekhululekile. I- African Commission on Human and Peoples's Rights (ACHPR) yaqinisekisa isimemezelo se-UNHRC futhi yacela izifundazwe ukuba zihloniphe futhi zithathe izinyathelo zomthetho nezinye zokuqinisekisa, inhlonipho, futhi ivikele amalungelo ezakhamuzi enkululeko yokwaziswa nokukhuluma nge-intanethi.

Ukuqaphela lokhu kubonisa indlela okuqondwa ngayo ukuthi ukuhlanganyela enkulumweni yeningi yanamuhla kudinga ukuba ungene kuyi - Internet.

Ukulinganisela Inkululeko Yokukhuluma Nezinye Izithakazelo

Nakuba inkululeko yokuveza imizwa iyisisekelo, ngezinye izikhathi kumelwe ilinganiswe namanye amalungelo abalulekile nezithakazelo. Noma imiphi imingcele enkululeko yokuveza inkululeko kumelwe inikezwe umthetho, ivikele izithakazelo ezithile zomphakathi noma amalungelo abanye futhi, idingeke ngokusobala ngenxa yaleyonjongo. Lesi simiso siqinisekisa ukuthi imingcele yokukhuluma ayiyona eyeyokuzinqumela noma imibhalo yangaphambi kokuba ibhalwe.

Amalungelo Ezindaba Zomuntu Siqu

Amalungelo okukhuluma angangqubuzana ngezinye izikhathi nezithakazelo zomuntu siqu. Ukwaziswa okuyimfihlo mayelana nabantu ngabanye, ikakhulukazi uma kungenasithakazelo esingokomthetho emphakathini, kungase kulinganiselwe ekuvikeleni izindaba zomuntu siqu.

Ukulinganisela phakathi kokukhuluma ngokukhululekile nokufihla imfihlo kuba nzima kakhulu enkathini yobuchwepheshe, lapho ukwaziswa kusakazeka ngokushesha nangokungapheli. Izinkantolo kumelwe zilinganisele isithakazelo somphakathi ekutholeni ukwaziswa ngokumelene namathemba angokomthetho abantu abalindele ukuba babe bodwa, zicabangela izici ezinjengokuthi ukwaziswa kwase kugcwele umphakathi, ukuthi kuhilela izibalo zomphakathi, nokuthi kuphathelene nezindaba zomphakathi yini.

Ukulondeka Kombuso

Ngezinye izikhathi ohulumeni bathi ukukhuluma kumelwe kulinganiselwe ukuze kuvikelwe ukulondeka kwesizwe. Nakuba ukukhathazeka okungokomthetho kwokulondeka kwesizwe kungathethelela eminye imingcele yokukhuluma, izinkantolo zihlolisisa iziphakamiso ezinjalo ngokucophelela ukuze zivimbele ukuxhashazwa. Imingcele ngokuvamile yenziwa egameni lobuphekula, ukulondeka kwesizwe noma inkolo.

Nakuba uhulumeni engase abeke icala labo abakhipha ukwaziswa okungavumelekile, ngokuvamile abezindaba abanakujeziswa ngokunyathelisa ukwaziswa okunjalo lapho sekutholakele, okungekho izimo ezingavamile ezihilela ukulimala okukhulu nokulondeka kwesizwe.

Ukuphepha Nokuhleleka Komphakathi

Ukulondoloza ukuphepha komphakathi nokuhleleka kungathethelela imingcele ethile yokukhuluma, kodwa kuphela uma kuvunyelwana ngokulinganiselwe nokusingatha izinsongo eziqondile, eziseduze. Ukukhathazeka okuvamile ngokuphazamiseka okungase kwenzeke noma ukoniwa akwanele ukuthethelela ukunqanda inkulumo. Uhulumeni kumelwe abonise ukuthi inkulumo iletha ingozi esobala nekhona yokulimala okuseduze okungenakusingathwa ngezindlela ezingathinti.

Izindlela Ezingokomthetho Lapho Amalungelo Okukhuluma Ephulwa

Uma abadlali bakahulumeni bephula amalungelo okukhuluma, kutholakala amakhambi ahlukahlukene angokomthetho, ukuqonda lezi zinqumo kunika abantu amandla okuvikela amalungelo abo ngokuphumelelayo.

Imithetho Yamalungelo Omphakathi

Abantu abanamalungelo eSichibiyelo sokuqala ephulwe izikhulu zikahulumeni bangafaka icala lamacala alwela amalungelo omphakathi afuna ukulimala nosizo olubi. Lamacala, ngokuvamile abekwa ngaphansi kwemithetho elwela amalungelo omphakathi kahulumeni, avumela izinkantolo ukuba zilungise ukuphulwa komthetho-sisekelo futhi zinqande ukuphambana okungokomthetho. Abamangali abaphumelelayo bangase babuye bathole umonakalo wemali futhi bathole iziyalezo zenkantolo ezifuna abadlali bakahulumeni ukuba bahloniphe amalungelo abo.

Ukungahlali Nokulondeka Okuphuthumayo

Lapho ukucusumbulwa noma imingcele yokukhuluma kuseduze noma kuqhubeka, abantu bangafuna iziyalo zenkantolo eziphuthumayo ukuze bavimbele noma banqande ukwephulwa. Izinkantolo zingakhipha iziyalezo zesikhashana ezivimbela iziyalezo nemithetho yokuqala yokulondoloza amalungelo okukhuluma ngenkathi ikhona impoqo. La makhambi aphuthumayo abaluleke kakhulu ekukhulumeni okusheshayo okunjengokubhikisha noma ukusakaza ukwaziswa okufike ngesikhathi.

Ukukhononda Nokukhanga Kwezisebenzi

Izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni zinezindlela zokukhononda zangaphakathi zokusingatha ukuphulwa kwenkululeko yokukhuluma.

Indima Yomphakathi Ekuvikeleni Inkululeko Yokukhuluma

Nakuba kubalulekile ukuba izinhlangano zomphakathi emhlabeni wonke ziqaphe ukuvikela inkululeko yokukhuluma, ukuvikeleka okungokomthetho kuxhomeke ekuvikelekeni okungokoqobo kwezinhlangano zomphakathi, izintatheli, abashisekeli benkululeko yokukhuluma, kanye nezakhamuzi ezivamile.

IAmnesty International isekela abantu abazikhulumela ngokuthula bona nabanye – kungakhathaliseki ukuthi intatheli ebika ngobudlova bezentengiselwano, inyunyana yezokuxhumana edalula izimo zemisebenzi ephansi noma umholi womdabu ovikela amalungelo abo ezwe ebhizinisini elikhulu.

I - Journalism Nenkululeko Yokunyathelisa

Iphephandaba elikhululekile nelizimele lisebenza njengenhlolo - vo ebalulekile embusweni kahulumeni futhi liqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi ziyakwazi ukuthola ukwaziswa okudingekayo ukuze zihlanganyele ngentando yeningi. Inkululeko yokukhuluma iyisici: indlela noma yimuphi umphakathi obekezelela ngayo labo abanemibono embalwa, engamukeleki, noma ngisho nenyanyekayo ngokuvamile uyokhuluma ngokusebenza kwayo ngamalungelo abantu.

Ukuvikela izintatheli ekuhlukunyezweni, ebudloveni, nokuphindisela okungokomthetho kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe inkululeko yezindaba. Kukhona ukuthambekela okukhathazayo kwembulunga yonke kohulumeni abangasihleli ngokufanelekile inkululeko yokukhuluma, izintatheli, ababhikishi nabanye abantu ababhekwa njengabangavumelani nemibono kahulumeni. Ukusekela ukuthunyelwa kwezincwadi ezizimele nokuvikela amalungelo ezindaba kuqinisekisa ukuthi iphephandaba lingayifeza imisebenzi yalo yokuhlola.

Imfundo Yomphakathi Nokuqaphela

Izifundo ezifundisa abantu ngamalungelo abo, imingcele yalawo malungelo nendlela yokusabela ekuphucweni kwemithetho, kusiza ekuthuthukiseni izindinganiso nenkululeko yokukhuluma. Uma izakhamuzi ziwaqonda amalungelo azo, ziwahlomela kangcono ukuba azisebenzise ngendlela efanele futhi ziwabeke inselele futhi ziwabeke inselele ukuphulwa.

Isivikelo Somthetho - sisekelo KaHulumeni

Imithetho kahulumeni inikeza isivikelo sokukhuluma esifana nesoMthetho - sisekelo wase-U.S. kwezinye izimo, amalungiselelo omthetho - sisekelo anikeza ngisho nesivikelo esibanzi kuneSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Ezizweni ezimbalwa, njengeCalifornia, umthetho - sisekelo kahulumeni uye wabhekwa njengonikeza isivikelo esibanzi kuneSichibiyelo Sokuqala.

Lezisivikelo sombuso singabaluleka kakhulu ngoba zingasebenza emongweni lapho iSichibiyelo Sokuqala singasebenzi khona, njengokuxhumana okuthile nezinhlangano ezizimele ezihileleke kakhulu kuhulumeni. Izinkantolo zikahulumeni ezichaza amalungiselelo omthetho-sisekelo wezwe anganikeza isivikelo esengeziwe sokuveza inkululeko ngaphezu kwesilinganiso somthetho sisekelo kahulumeni.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Ehambisana Namalungelo Okukhuluma

Nakuba imithetho ivikela ilungelo lokukhuluma, lenkululeko ihambisana nemithwalo yemfanelo. isakhamuzi ngasinye singakhuluma, sibhale, futhi sinyathelise ngenkululeko, kodwa siyoba necala lokusetshenziswa kabi okunjalo kwalenkululeko njengoba kuzakuchazwa umthetho. Ukuqonda lemithwalo yemfanelo kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi inkululeko yokukhuluma ifeza izindinganiso zentando yeningi kunokuba ithonye.

Ukunemba Neqiniso

Nakuba iSichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela izinkulumo ezingamanga ezisemiqondweni eminingi, izikhulumi zinemithwalo yemfanelo yezimiso okufanele zilwele ukunemba neqiniso. Zisakaza ukwaziswa okungamanga ngamabomu, ikakhulukazi lapho kulimaza abanye noma kululaza inkulumo yasobala, kungaba nemiphumela engokomthetho futhi ngokuqinisekile kunemiphumela engokokuziphatha. Izentengiselwano zemibono zisebenza kangcono kakhulu lapho abahlanganyela behlanganyela okholweni oluhle futhi belazisa iqiniso.

Inhlonipho ngamalungelo abanye

Ukusebenzisa amalungelo okukhuluma ngenkululeko kuhlanganisa ukuhlonipha amalungelo abanye odumo, ukuzenzela izinto zomuntu siqu, kanye nokuveza kwabo. Uma unelungelo lokuveza imibono ephikisanayo noma ecasulayo, kufanele ucabangele ithonya lenkulumo yakho kwabanye nasemphakathini obanzi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi uzenza ngcono, kodwa kunalokho ukwahlulela ngendlela yokuveza imibono ngezindlela ezikhuthaza ingxoxo kunokuba umane ubangele umonakalo.

Ukunikela Enkulumweni Yentando Yeningi

Inkululeko yokukhuluma ifeza kangcono kakhulu idemokrasi uma isetshenziselwa ukunikela empikiswaneni yomphakathi enolwazi. Lokhu kusho ukuhileleka emibonweni ephikisanayo, ukusekela iziphakamiso ngobufakazi, nokuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni ezinomgomo wokuthuthukisa ukuqonda kunokumane unqobe izimpikiswano. Inkululeko yokukhuluma isekela namanye amalungelo abantu njengelungelo lenkululeko yokucabanga, unembeza nenkolo – futhi iwavumela ukuba achume.

Izinselele Zanamuhla Nezindaba Eziqhubekayo

Ngisho nasembusweni wentando yeningi waseNtshonalanga, imithetho inciphisa imisebenzi yokubhikisha nokusongela inkululeko yokunyathelisa nenkululeko yokukhuluma ngezinhlelo eziphoqelelwe zokugcinwa kwemitapo.

Injabulo Nezindaba Zomuntu Siqu

Ikhono lokuqapha likahulumeni liye lakhula kakhulu enkathini yamanani, liphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngemiphumela ehlasimulisayo yokukhuluma ngokukhululekile. Uma abantu bazi ukuthi zikhona izingcingo zabo, bangase bazihlole bona, ikakhulukazi lapho bexoxa ngezindaba eziphikisanayo noma begxeka izimiso zikahulumeni. Ukulinganisela izidingo ezingokomthetho zokuvikela ukuxhumana kwabantu kuhlala kuyinselele eqhubekayo.

Ukuphikiswa Nokushintsha Kokwaziswa

Nokho, umthetho onjalo kumelwe uklanyelwe ngokucophelela ukusingatha umonakalo wangempela ngaphandle kokwenza uhulumeni uhlole noma unike iziteshi zomuntu siqu amandla okuvimbela inkulumo engokomthetho. Ukuthola ukulinganisela okulungile phakathi kokulwa nokungaxhumani nokuvikela inkulumo ekhululekile kulokhu kusenye yezinselele ezinzima kakhulu ezibhekene nezinhlangano zentando yeningi.

Imingcele Eqophelweni Lokuvukela

Eminye imithetho iye yamisa imithetho evimbela imisebenzi yokubhikisha ngezindlela eziphakamisa ukukhathazeka kweSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Ochwepheshe beUN baye basho ukuthi izindleko, uma zifakwa emthethweni, zingaphazamisa kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwamalungelo enkululeko yokuveza nokuthula kwenkululeko yokuhlangana ngezindlela ezingqubuzana nezibopho ze-US ngaphansi komthetho wezizwe zonke wamalungelo abantu kanye nesivikelo seSimemezelo sokuQonda. Lemigoqo ivame ukuhlasela izinhlobo ezithile zokuvukela noma ukubeka izijeziso ezinzima ngenxa yokuziphatha okuhlobene nokubhikisha, okunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamalungelo engqungqutheleni.

Amacebiso Awusizo Okusebenzisa Ilungelo Lakho Lokukhuluma

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho kubalulekile, kodwa ukwazi indlela yokuwasebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo kubalulekile ngokufanayo. Nakhu ukucabangela okuwusizo kokukhuluma ngezwi lapho uvikela amalungelo akho angokomthetho.

Yazi Amalungelo Akho

Zijwayeze ngezindlela ezithile zokuvikela ukukhuluma ezisebenza emongweni wakho. Uma ungumfundi, qonda amalungelo akho ezimisweni zemfundo. Uma uhlela ukubhikisha, vumela izimfuneko nemikhuba yokubonisa ngokomthetho. Uma ushicilela ulwazi, qonda umthetho ohlanekezelwe nezinye izindaba ezingase zibekwe ngokomthetho. Ulwazi ngamalungelo akho lukusiza ukuba uwasebenzise ngokuqiniseka futhi uqaphele ukuthi aphulwa nini.

Ukuxhumana kwedokhumende

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho okukhuluma ayaphulwa, bhala ukuxhumana kwakho ngokuphelele ngangokunokwenzeka. Thatha amaphuzu, londoloza ukuxhumana, gcina ividiyo uma ivunyelwe ngokomthetho, futhi uqoqe ukwaziswa kobufakazi. Le mibhalo ingabaluleka uma ufuna ukuphishekela amakhambi angokomthetho noma ukukhononda ngamafayela.

Funa Iseluleko Esingokomthetho

Uma ubhekene nemingcele engathi sína enkulumweni yakho noma ekuphindiseleni ngenxa yokusebenzisa amalungelo akho, thintana nommeli ophethe umthetho weSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Izinhlangano eziningi zenkululeko yomphakathi zinikeza usizo olungokomthetho ngokukhululekile emacaleni okukhuluma. Iseluleko somthetho sakuqala singakusiza ukuba uqonde ukukhetha kwakho futhi uvikele amalungelo akho ngokuphumelelayo.

Sebenzisa Izinhlamvu Ezikhona

Sebenzisa amapulatifomu amaningi akhona ukuze azwakalise, kusukela emithonjeni yezindaba engokwesiko kuya ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi. Ukuhlukanisa iziteshi zakho zokuxhumana kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isigijimi sakho sifinyelela izilaleli zakho ozihlosile futhi sinikeze ezinye izindlela uma ipulatifomu elilodwa lingatholakali noma libeke imingcele.

Imibono Yama - computer Emisha

Ukukhuluma ngokuthula kuvame ukunikeza isivikelo esikhulu nokukhululeka kakhulu kunokukhuluma komuntu ngamunye. Hlanganyela nabanye abanokukhathalela kwakho, bahlanganyele ezinhlanganweni ezisebenza ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo, futhi basekele abanye ababhekene nokuphindisela ngenkulumo yabo. Ukubambisana kwenza kube nzima ngeziphathimandla ukuba zicindezele ukungavumelani futhi zisekele labo abasebenzisa amalungelo abo.

Imithombo Yokuvikela Amalungelo Okukhuluma

Izinhlangano eziningi zilwela ukuvikela nokuthuthukisa amalungelo okukhuluma ngenkululeko yokukhuluma, zinganikeza ukwaziswa, usizo olungokomthetho nokusekela labo abasebenzisa ilungelo labo lokukhuluma.

  • Isivumelwano somphakathi waseMelika i-Liberties Union (ACLU) – Inikeza ukumelelwa okungokomthetho kanye nokugunyaza amacala okukhuluma akhululekile kulo lonke elase-United States
  • Electronic Foundation (EFF)[[FL:1] - igxile komagazini benkululeko yokukhuluma nenkululeko yomphakathi yolwembu
  • Ababikeli beKomiti yenkululeko yePress – inikeza imithombo engokomthetho kanye nokuqasha izintatheli futhi icindezela inkululeko
  • IMEN - Imelela inkululeko yokubhala neyokusekela emhlabeni wonke
  • Amnesty International -Imisebenzi embulungeni yonke ukuze kuvikelwe inkululeko yokuveza nokusekela iziboshwa zikanembeza
  • Article 19 – inhlangano yomhlaba wonke ivikela inkululeko yokuveza nokwaziswa emhlabeni wonke
  • Students Law Center [ - Inikeza usizo olungokomthetho nemithombo yemali kubafundi abanezintatheli
  • [ Ukulwelwa kwamalungelo omuntu ngamunye kanye nokubonakaliswa (FIRE) - - Ivikela amalungelo okukhuluma ngokukhululekile ezimisweni zokufundisa

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngezindinganiso zamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke, vakashela iHhovisi le-UN le-Apright Commissioner for Human Rights . Ukufunda okwengeziwe ngesivikelo seSichibiyelo sokuqala e-United States, hlola imithombo evela e [ U.S..]

Isiphetho: Ukubaluleka Okuqhubekayo Kwezivikelo Zokukhuluma

INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaphawula amalungelo okukhuluma ngokukhululekile nenkululeko yokunyathelisa njengamalungelo omuntu siqu ayisisekelo nenkululeko futhi yaphawula ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwalamalungelo kusekelwe esisekelweni sikahulumeni okhululekile wabantu abakhululekile.

Uhulumeni nemithetho kusekela ilungelo lakho lokukhuluma ngezimiso zomthetho-sisekelo, izivikelo zomthetho, izindinganiso zamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke, kanye nokugcinwa komthetho. Lezi zinqubo zomthetho zimisa ukuthi inkululeko yokukhuluma ayilona ilungelo nje elinikezwa uhulumeni kodwa ilungelo eliyisisekelo uhulumeni akumelwe alinike ukuhlonipha futhi alivikele. Kusikwe isiVumiso sokuqala esinqabela ukucushwa kwezivumelwano zikahulumeni zokuhlola amalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke ziqaphela ukuthi isilinganiso selungelo lomhlaba wonke, izimiso zomthetho emhlabeni wonke ziyavuma ukuthi ukukhuluma ngenkululeko akuyona into edingekayo ukuze kunikezwe isithunzi somuntu, ukubusa kwentando yeningi, nentuthuko yezenhlalo.

Nokho, isivikelo esingokomthetho sodwa asanele. Lokhu kudingekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuphila kwabantu nasekudalweni nasekulungisweni kwemiphakathi eqinile, yezenhlalakahle. Ukujabulela amalungelo okukhuluma ngentando yeningi kudinga ukuzivikela okusebenzayo kwezakhamuzi, izinhlangano zomphakathi, izintatheli, nabameleli abasemthethweni. Kudinga ukuqonda kokubili izinga nemingcele yokukhuluma ngokukhululekile, ukusebenzisa amalungelo ngendlela ehloniphekile, nokuma lapho lawomalungelo esongelwa.

Njengoba usebenzisa ilungelo lakho lokukhuluma, khumbula ukuthi lenkululeko inemithwalo yemfanelo. Sebenzisa izwi lakho ukuze uhlanganyele empikiswaneni yomphakathi enolwazi, uhloniphe amalungelo abanye kuyilapho uveza imibono yakho, futhi usekela labo ababhekene nokuphindisela ngenxa yenkulumo yabo. Ngokuqonda indlela uhulumeni nemithetho okuvikela ngayo inkululeko yokukhuluma, nangokuvikela ngenkuthalo lezisivikelo, usiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izizukulwane ezizayo ziyoqhubeka zijabulela ilungelo eliyisisekelo lokukhuluma ngokukhululekile ngaphandle kokwesaba.

Ilungelo lokukhuluma alikona ukuzibulala ngokwakho, kodwa lidinga ukuqapha njalo, ukuvivinya umzimba, nokuzivikela okuqinile. Noma uveza imibono yezombangazwe, ubika izindaba zomphakathi, ubhikisha izimiso zikahulumeni, noma umane uxoxe nabanye ngemibono, uhlanganyela esikweni lokukhuluma ngenkululeko okunzima futhi okumelwe kuvikelwe ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuqonda izimiso ezingokomthetho ezisekela ilungelo lakho lokukhuluma ngenkululeko, ngokuqiniseka, nangempumelelo ekukhonzeni izindinganiso zedemokrati nesithunzi somuntu.