Table of Contents

Ukhetho lukamongameli lumelela enye yezinqubo eziyisisekelo zentando yeningi e-United States, esebenza njengendlela izakhamuzi ezikhetha ngayo umphathi wezwe wazo ophakeme kakhulu. Uhulumeni uqondisa lolukhetho ngesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi kodwa esihlelwe ngokucophelela esiklanyelwe ukulinganisela ubulungisa, ukulondeka, nokumelela. Ukuqonda indlela umsebenzi wokhetho owenziwa ngumongameli osiza ngayo izakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo kulelitshe eliyinhloko lentando yeningi yaseMelika.

Ukuqonda I - Electoral College System

Ngokungafani nezinye izinqumo eziningi e-United States, ukhetho lukamongameli alusebenzi esimisweni esivamile sokuvota. Kunalokho, i-Electoral College iyinqubo eyasungulwa ukusungulwa koFata eMthethweni, ngokwengxenye njengokuvumelana phakathi kokukhethwa kukaMongameli ngevoti eKhomishani nokhetho lukaMongameli ngevoti ethandwayo yezakhamuzi ezifanelekayo. Lesimiso esiyingqayizivele siye saguqula ukhetho lukamongameli waseMelika emakhulwini amabili eminyaka.

Indlela I - electoral Votes Ethonywa Ngayo

I-Electoral College inabavoti abangu-558, futhi kudingeka amavoti angu-270 ukuze kukhethwe uMongameli. Umbuso ngamunye uthola abavoti abaningi njengamalungu eSishaya-mthetho (Indlu neSigeqe), okusho inani lamavoti avoti abavoti abakhishwe ngokwenani ngalinye. I-Frigion of Columbia yabelwa abavoti abathathu futhi iphathwa njengeHulumeni ngezinjongo ze-Electoral College ngaphansi kweSigqi se-23 soMthetho-sisekelo.

Lesimiso sokwabiwa kwenani labantu kusho ukuthi uma kunenani elikhulu kunamavoti amaningi. Ngokwesibonelo, iCalifornia, enabantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezingamashumi amane, inamavoti angovoti angamashumi amahlanu anesine ngoba inabameleli ababili nabameleli ababili, kanti uDelaware, enabantu abangaphezudlwana kwesigidi banevoti ezintathu ngoba inomphathi oyedwa eSixhunyeni nabaphathi ababili.

Impumelelo ethatha zonke izintambo. Izimiso zokuhlola

Izwe linesimiso "somkhomba-mdlali" esivumela bonke abavoti kumongameli owina ukuvota okuthandwa uHulumeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho noma umbhalisa ewina umbuso nge-engile encinyane, bamukela zonke izivoti zalowo hulumeni. Nokho, iMaine ne Nebraska ngamunye unomehluko we-"propoion" lapho amavoti akhethiwe angahlukaniswa phakathi kwabavoti abasekelwe kwimiphumela yesifunda sesifunda.

I - Electoral Processical Timeline

Inqubo ye-Electoral College ihlanganisa ukukhethwa kwabavoti, umhlangano wabavoti lapho bevotela khona uMongameli noMongameli ongumKhosi, nokubala amavoti abavoti abavoti abakhethwe nguKhomishane. Uma uvotela umlandeli womongameli uvotela abavoti abathandwa nguwe, hhayi ngokuqondile abavoti abathandayo, hhayi abavoti ngokwabo.

Ngemva kokhetho oluvamile, izikweleti eziwinwayo zabavoti zihlangana enhloko - dolobha yezwe futhi ziphonse amavoti amabili e-Mongameli we-pice kanye neyoMongameli. ISishaya - mthetho sihlangana eSiqenjini sobunye njalo eminyakeni emine ngoJanuary 6 ntambama 1: 00. ukuvota e-Electoral College, uMongameli ohleziyo ephethe ephethe umhlangano futhi evula amavoti avela esifundazweni ngasinye ngokulandelana kwe-afazi, ezidlulisela kubabhuli abane abamemezela imiphumela, futhi ekupheleni kwezibalo, uMongameli umemezela igama likaMongameli olandelayo.

Izimfuneko Zokubhalisa Nezinqubo Ezimisiwe

Ngaphambi kokuba izakhamuzi zihlanganyele okhethweni lukamongameli, kumelwe ziqede inqubo yokuvota. Kuzo zonke izifundazwe ngaphandle kweNyakatho Dakota, kudingeka ubhaliswe ukuze uvote ukuze uhlanganyele okhethweni. Lesi sinyathelo esibucayi siqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokhetho kuyilapho senza izakhamuzi ezifanelekayo zisebenzise ilungelo lazo lomthetho-mthetho ukuze zivote.

Izimfuneko Eziyisisekelo Zokufaneleka

Izimfuneko zokufuna ukuphumelela ziyahluka ngokwezwe, kodwa ukuze ubhalise ukuvota, kumelwe ube isakhamuzi sase-U.S. Izifundazwe eziningi zifuna futhi ukuba abavoti babe neminyaka engu-18 nge-Ecostation Day, nakuba ezinye izifundazwe zivumela amashumi angamashumi ayisithupha aneminyaka engu-17 ukuba abhalise uma ezothatha iminyaka engu-18 ngaphambi kokukhethwa okuvamile. Izimfuneko ezengeziwe zingahlanganisa ukuhlala esifundeni isikhathi esithile futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukubuyiselwa kwamalungelo okuvota abantu abanezinkolelo ezithile zobugebengu.

Izindlela Zokubhalisa

Ungabhalisa ukuba uvote ngeposi, nangokuthumela, nasemazweni amaningi kuyi-inthanethi. I-NVRA, eyaziwa futhi ngokuthi "umthetho we-"mot-voter," ifuna ukuba kubekwe izifundazwe ukuze kubhaliswe iposi evotini futhi kusungulwe izinqubo zokuvota zokubhalisa izakhamuzi ezifanele eminyangweni yezimoto nakwezinye izinhlangano zikahulumeni. Lokhu kwenza ukubhaliswa kungene ngokuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zibhalise uma zithola noma zivuselela amalayisensele azo okushayela.

Ezimweni eziningi, uzodinga ilayisense yokushayela noma i-ID kahulumeni ukuze ubhalise ukuvota, futhi uma ungenazo lezi, ungakwazi ukunikeza ezinye izinhlobo zemibhalo, kuhlanganise nephepha-mvume lebhange noma isikhwama, kodwa izincwadi ezidingekayo odinga ukubhalisa ziyahluka ngokwezwe.

Izindawo Ezifile Ezibhaliswayo

Awukho umkhawulo womvoti wezwe, futhi kwezinye izifundazwe, usuku lokugcina lokubhalisa luyizinsuku ezingu-30 ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho, kanti kwezinye izifundazwe, ungabhalisa ngoSuku Lokhetho. Kuye ngokwezwe lakho, isikhathi sokubhalisa singaba njengenyanga ngaphambi kokuvota. Izakhamuzi kufanele zihlole izimfuneko ezithile zikahulumeni ngaphambi kwanoma yiluphi ukhetho ukuze ziqiniseke ukuthi zihlangabezana nayo yonke imikhawulo.

Ukulondoloza Isimo Sokubhalisa

Kudingeka ulungise ukubhalisa kwakho ngemva kokushintsha kwekheli, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthuthe e-oxe noma ungekho. Ukubhalisa kwakho kungaphawulwa "ngokungasebenzi" uma ungavoti okhethweni okungenani kabili futhi ungasabeli lapho izikhulu zokhetho zizama ukufinyelela kuwe. Amavoter kufanele aqinisekise isikhundla sokubhalisa kwawo ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ahlala ekufanelekele ukuvota.

Izifunda eziningi zifuna futhi ukuba ubhalise neqembu lezombangazwe ukuba livote okhethweni oluyinhloko. Uma ubhalisa ukuba uvote, amanye amazwe namasimu angabuza ngelungu leqembu lezombangazwe, futhi ezifundazweni nasemasimini aneziphazamiso ezivalekile, ungavota kuphela kukhetho oluyinhloko lweqembu lakho, nakuba kukhetho oluvamile, ungavotela noma imuphi umvoti kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungowayiphi ilungu leqembu lakho.

Isimiso Sobumongameli Nesokulungisa I - caucus

Ngaphambi kokhetho oluvamile, amaqembu ezombangazwe kumelwe akhethe umongameli wawo ngemincintiswano elandelanayo yesigaba esiphezulu sikahulumeni. Lenqubo yokuhlobisa ihlanganisa amaprimend namacaususe agcinwa kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezingama-50 nezindawo zase-U.S., ngokuvamile kusukela ebusika ekuqaleni futhi iqhubeke kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo yonyaka wokhetho.

Ukukhetha Okuyinhloko

Ukhetho oluyinhloko lusebenza ngendlela efanayo kukhetho oluvamile, ngokuvota amabhola ezindaweni zokuvota ukuze babonise abathandayo ukufakwa kweqembu labo. Izindawo ziqhuba amaprimethime ngezinsuku ezihlukene, zidala inqubo evumela abazobhapathizwa ukuba bakhe amandla noma ukususwa kobuso njengoba inkathi iqhubeka. Ezinye izizwe ziphethe izipringi lapho noma imuphi umvoti obhaliwe engahlanganyela khona, kuyilapho ezinye zivala amaprimrime ebekelwe amalungu eqembu abhalisiwe.

Ama - “caucuuse ”

Ama-caucuse amelela uhlobo oluningi lokukhetha ukuthatha izigaba lapho amalungu eqembu ehlangana khona emihlanganweni yendawo ukuze axoxe ngabazobhapathizwa futhi asho izintandokazi zabo. Lezi zenzakalo zidinga isikhathi esengeziwe esizibophelele esithathwe abahilelekile kodwa zivumela ukuba abavoti bacabangisise futhi bafake ithonya eliqondile. Izizwe ezimbalwa zisebenzisa ama-caucuse uma kuqhathaniswa namaprime, kodwa zihlala ziyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokuqopha izimpawu ezisezweni ezithile.

Thumela i-Alpha

Kokubili amaprimist namakhasethi aklonyelisa izihambeli eziya ezihambele abameleli abazofundayo ngenxa yemiphumela. Lezi zihambeli ziya emhlanganweni wesizwe weqembu, ngokuvamile owenziwa ehlobo ngaphambi kokhetho oluvamile, lapho zisho khona ngokomthetho ukuthi isikhulu sikamongameli weqembu nesekela lababezothatha izihambeli. Inani lezihambeli zesifunda ngasinye lixhomeke ezicini ezihlanganisa inani labantu nezenzo zeqembu kukhetho lwangaphambili kulesosifunda.

Imali Nemithetho Yomkhankaso

Uhulumeni ulawula umkhankaso wezimali ukuze uthuthukise ukubonakala kokukhanya nokuvimbela inkohlakalo, nakuba le simiso siye sashintsha ngokuphawulekayo phakathi namashumi eminyaka.

Ukuqondisa Ikomiti Yokuchonga Yama - Federal

I - Federal Evotion Commission (FEC) ikhonza njengenhlangano ezimele eqondisayo enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqondisa nokumisa umthetho kahulumeni wezezimali. i - FEC idinga imikhankaso yokuveza ukuqoqa nokusebenzisa imali yabo, imishini yokuhlola imingcele yeminikelo, nokuhlola ukuthi kungenzeka ukwephulwa kwemithetho yezimali.

Imingcele Yeminikelo Nezinsimbi Zokuvimbela Imali

Umthetho we-Federal umisa imingcele yokuthi zingaba zingani abantu nezinhlangano ezinganikela ngokuqondile emikhankasweni kamongameli. Lemigoqo ivimbela abacebi ukuba bangabi nethonya elingenakulinganiswa kwabazohlolwa. IMikhankaso kumelwe yembule obala iminikelo nezindleko zabo, ivumele izakhamuzi nezintatheli ukuba zihlole imithombo yezimali zomkhankaso.

Ukuzihambela Komphakathi

Isimiso somphakathi sokuxhasa imali yomphakathi sinikeza abazothatha izimali zomphakathi emikhankasweni yabo uma bevuma ukuchitha imingcele nezinye izimfuneko. Lesimiso, sixhaswe nge-secko yokuzithandela emhlamulweni wentela kahulumeni, saklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwabazolungela abanikela ngasese. Nokho, emijikelezweni yamuva nje, abazongenela izinhlangano ezinkulu baye bakhetha ngokuqhubekayo ukusekela umphakathi ngezimali ukuze bagweme ukuchithwa kwemithetho evimbela ukukhokhwa.

AmaPapic Aphakeme Neziphetho Ezizimele

I-PUCCS ingaziphakamisa futhi isebenzise imali ukuze isekele noma iphikise abazoya enkampeni yezezombangazwe. Izikhulu ze-PAC zingamukela iminikelo engenamkhawulo evela kubantu ngabanye, ezinkampanini, nezinyunyana, kodwa azikwazi ukuhlangana ngokuqondile nabazofunda noma nemikhankaso yabo. Lengxenye yezezimali zomkhankaso ibangele ukuphikisana okukhulu ngendima yemali kwezombangazwe.

Imisebenzi Yomkhankaso Wokukhetha

Imikhankaso kamongameli isebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene ukuze ifinyelele abavoti futhi idlulisele imiyalezo yabo.

Umkhankaso Wempi Nezenzakalo

Imihlangano yemibuthano yemibuthano neyamahholo edolobha ezweni lonke ihlanganisa ngokuqondile nabavoti. Lezenzakalo zivumela abazofundela ukuveza izikhundla zabo zenkambiso, ukuphendula imibuzo, nokuveza ukuhlangana kwemithombo yezindaba. Imihlangano emikhulu inganika abasekeli amandla futhi ibangele isivinini, kuyilapho izenzakalo ezincane zibangela ukuxhumana okuseduze ngokwengeziwe nabavoti.

Izimpikiswano Ezingomongameli

Izimpikiswano eziboniswayo phakathi kwabazomncintiswano omkhulu zimelela izikhathi ezibucayi emikhankasweni kamongameli. IKhomishane ekhuluma ngoPresidential Debates, inhlangano engazuzisi, ngokuvamile isekela izimpikiswano eziningana phakathi kweqembu elikhulu, kanye nengxoxo ephambene. Lezi zenzakalo zinikeza abazobhapathizwa ithuba lokuhlukanisa izikhundla zabo, ukubonisa ulwazi lwabo nendlela abazizwa ngayo, futhi zifinyelele izigidi zezibukeli ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukukhangisa Kwemithombo Yezindaba

Imikhankaso kamongameli ichitha imali eningi ekukhangiseni ngethelevishini, emsakazweni, ngemishini, nangokunyathelisa ukuze kufinyelelwe abavoti. Imikhankaso yanamuhla igxila kakhulu ekukhangiseni ngemishini yezokuxhumana nezokuxhumana ukuze idonse amaqembu athile amanani abantu kanye nezindawo zendawo.

Umdlalo Osemhlabeni Nomfutho

Imikhankaso ephumelelayo yakha izinhlelo ezinkulu zokuhlukanisa abasekeli, inxenxela abavoti abangahloniphi, futhi iqinisekisa abasekeli babo ukuba bavote. Lomdlalo wesisekelo uhlanganisa ukuvala umnyango, ukubhalisa ucingo, ukuthumela imiyalezo ngomakhalekhukhwini, nokubhalisa amavoti. Imikhankaso ifaka izinkulungwane zezisebenzi zokuzithandela eziqalile futhi ziqeqeshelwe ukwenza lemisebenzi, ikakhulukazi emazweni okuncintisana nawo.

Inqubo Yokuthutha Imikhumbi

ISidlo sokhetho simelela isiphetho senkathi yomkhankaso, lapho abavoti ababhaliswe befaka amavolontiya abo ukuze bakhethe umongameli olandelayo. Nokho, inqubo yokuvota empeleni idlulela ngalé kosuku olulodwa, futhi abavoti abaningi bafaka amavoti phambi koSuku Lokhetho olungokwesiko.

Ukukhangwa Kosuku Lokukhetha

Usuku lokukhetha iNdlu lungoLwesibili lokuqala ngemva koMsombuluko wokuqala ngoNovemba eminyakeni ecishe ibe yinani, futhi uSuku Lokukhetha iSigele lungosuku olufanayo nokhetho olulandelayo lwendlu olwandulela ukuphela kwenkathi yeNdlu. Ukhetho lomongameli lulandela isimiso esifanayo, lulandela njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine. NgoSuku Lokhetho, ngoSuku Lomvoti, umvoti uya ezindaweni zabo ezabelwe ukuvota, uqinisekisa ukubhaliswa kwabo, futhi uphonse abavoti babo.

Izindawo zokunukisa zitholakala ezikoleni, ezikhungweni zomphakathi, emitatsheni yezincwadi, nakwezinye izakhiwo zomphakathi. Izikhulu zokhetho zihlola izimpawu zabavoti kanye nesikhundla sokubhalisa ngaphambi kokunikeza amavoloti. Amavoter abese ephawula ukukhetha kwawo emaphepheni noma emishini yokuvota ye-electronic, kuye ngemishini yawo yokuvota.

Ukusaswa Kwamanzi Kusencane

Izifundazwe eziningi zinikeza inkathi yokuvota yasekuqaleni evumela abavoti ababhaliswe ukuba bafake amavoti phambi koSuku Lokhetho. Izinkathi zokuvota zakuqala ziyahlukahluka ngokombuso, kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokhetho. Lokhu kwenza abavoti abangase babe nezibopho zohambo ngoSuku Lokhetho bavumelane nomsebenzi, umkhaya, noma nosuku lokuhamba.

Ukuthunyelwa Kweposi Nokuthunyelwa Kweposi

Ungavota ngeposi noma kuphi emhlabeni. Ukuvota kwe-abree kuvumela abavoti ababhaliswe ukuba bacele i-collet ukuba ithunyelwe kubo, abayiqede futhi bayibuyise ngeposi noma ngeyomuntu phambi koSuku Lokhetho. Uma uyisakhamuzi sase-U.S. esihlala ngaphandle kwe-U.S., ungabhalisa ukuba uvote futhi ucele umvoti ongekho ngokuqeda i-Federal Post Carter App, futhi uma uyilungu lezempi noma umkhaya wempi wase-U.S.S.

Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zasebenzisa izimiso zokuvota zeposi emhlabeni wonke lapho bonke abavoti ababhalisiwe bethola amavoti ngeposi. Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga abavoti ukuba banikeze isizathu sokucela ibhola lomshini ongekho. Abavolonti kumelwe balandele izinqubo eziqondile zokuqeda nokubuyisela amavologo eposi, kuhlanganise nokusayina imvilophu yokuvota nezinsuku zokubuya komhlangano.

Izimfuneko Zokwazi Ukuhlukanisa

Izwe limisa izimfuneko zalo siqu zokuvota, ezihluka kakhulu ezweni. Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga abavoti ukuba banikeze izingxenyana zezithombe kuleyo mibono, kuyilapho ezinye zivuma izindlela ezingakhothozi noma zivumele abavoti ukuba baqinisekise ukuthi bazini ngezinye izindlela njengokusayina i-affidavit. Lezimfuneko zihlose ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa kwalowo ovotayo kuyilapho ziqinisekisa ukuthi abavoti abafanele bangafaka amavoti.

_Ukutholakala

Yazi amalungelo akho nezindawo zokuvota ezivikelwe umthetho. Umthetho kaFederal udinga izindawo zokuvota ukuze zitholakale kubantu abakhubazekile, futhi izikhulu zokhetho kumelwe zinikeze indawo yokuhlala enjengokuvota ngasecaleni, imishini yokuvota efinyelelekayo, nosizo kubavoti abadinga usizo lokuphawula amafomu abo okuvota. Awudingi ikheli lasekhaya ukuze ubhalise futhi uvote, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi ezingenamakhaya zingasebenzisa amalungelo azo okuvota.

Ukulondeka Kokhetho Nezindinganiso Zobuqotho

Ukulondoloza ukulondeka nobuqotho bokhetho lukamongameli kuwumthwalo wemfanelo kahulumeni ogxekayo. Izingqimba eziningi zokuvikela zivikela ekukhwabaniseni, emaphutha, nokuphazamisa kuyilapho ziqinisekisa ukuthembela komphakathi ekukhethweni.

Ukuphepha Kwebhola

Izikhulu zezokukhetha zisebenzisa izinyathelo eziningi zokuvikela amabhola okuvota kuyo yonke inqubo yokuvota. Lezi zinyathelo zihlanganisa ukugcina okulondekile kwamabhola angenalutho ngaphambi kokhetho, iketanga lezinqubo eziqediwe, izimpawu zokuguqula emabhokisini ebhola nasemishinini yokuvota, futhi zivimbela ukufinyelela ezindaweni zokugcina ibhola. Ama-gaspread amaningi asebenzisa izinombolo zebhola nohlelo lokubuyisana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izinqola zebhola zikhona.

Izindinganiso zesimiso ezithuthukisayo

I-EAC promullick yokuzithandela iziqondiso zikahulumeni − i-Openservatory Voing System Guides − ukuze isize izifundazwe ekusebenziseni izimfuneko zezimiso zokuvota, futhi nakuba lezi ziqondiso zingaphansi komthetho wombuso, izifunda eziningi zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinye noma zonke izivivinyo ze-EAC nohlelo lokufaka iziqinisekiso ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni, ukuhlanganisa abathengisi besimiso sokuvota ukuze bavumelanise izimiso zabo ngeziqondiso. Lezi zimiso zikhombo zekheli, ukuneka, ukufinyelelwa, nokugcinwa kwemishini yokuvota.

Ukuhlolwa Nokubukwa Kwezinhlaka Zomhlaba

Amaqembu ezombangazwe, abavoti, nezinhlangano ezingakhethi zingamisa ababheki bezokuvota nokubala ukuze baqaphele izinqubo zokuvota. Lezi zingqapheli zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izinqubo zilandelwa ngokunembile futhi zingabika ukungalungi kwezikhulu zokhetho. Ukuba khona kwazo kunikeza ukukhanya futhi kusize ukuba umphakathi uqiniseke ngezindawo zokuvota.

Isivikelo Sokuzivikela

Izikhulu zezenyuziyamu zisebenza nezinhlangano zikahulumeni zezokuvota ukuze zivikele isisekelo sokhetho ezisongweni ze-inthanethi. Le mizamo ihlanganisa ukuvikela izisekelo zokuvota, ukuvikela izimiso zokubika ngokhetho ebusuku nokuqinisekisa imishini yokuvota ayixhunyaniswa kuyi-intanethi. Ukuhlola nokulondeka kwasikhathi sonke nokwaziswa okuhlanganyelwayo phakathi kwezindawo zomphakathi kusiza ekutholeni kanye nokuthola amakheli.

Imigomo yokukhetha yangemva

Izifunda eziningi zihlola izibalo zangemva kokhetho ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi izimiso zokuvota zibalwa ngokunembile amavoloti. Lokhu kuhlola kuvame ukuhlanganisa ukubukeza ngezandla isampula yamavoloti amaphepha nokuqhathanisa imiphumela nomshini. Ukuhlola izingozi, indlela ethandwa kakhulu, sebenzisa izindlela zezibalo ukuze unikeze ukuqiniseka okukhulu ngemiphumela yokuvota kuyilapho unciphisa inani lamabhola okumelwe abukezwe ngesandla.

Bala Umthamo Nokujikeleza Kwezwe

Ngemva kokuhlola kuqedwe, izikhulu zokhetho ziqala inqubo yokubala amavoloti nemiphumela ehlabayo. Lenqubo kumelwe ibe nembeba futhi ibonakale kahle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umphumela uyoba njani.

Izindlela Zokuqala Zokubala

Kuleyo ndawo yokuvota, izisebenzi zokuvota zivala izinqumo ngesikhathi esimisiwe futhi ziqale ukubala amavota. Kulezo zindawo ezisebenzisa imishini yokuvota ye-electal, le nqubo ihlanganisa ukunyathelisa amakhasethi omshini ngamunye futhi ihlanganisa inani labavoti abafaka ipeni ngenani lamabhola afakwayo. Kubezomavolotte, izisebenzi zincela amabhola ngemishini yokuhlola imishini yokubona noma ziwabale ngesandla, kuye ngezinqubo zendawo.

Ukufakwa kwebala phakathi

Imiphumela evela ezindaweni zokuhlola ngayinye idluliselwa emahhovisi okhetho aphakathi, lapho izikhulu zithumela khona ingqikithi. Lokhu kudluliswa kungavela ngogesi ngezimiso ezilondekile noma ngokomzimba ngokunikeza amakhadi enkumbulo noma amarekhodi ephepha. Izikhulu zokhetho ziqinisekisa ukuthi ikhodi ngalinye lithole imiphumela futhi livumelane nanoma yikuphi ukuphikisana ngaphambi kokuba zikhiphe imiphumela engagunyazwanga.

Ukuhlela imvume kanye nomlayezo ku Ballot

I-bobsee ne-posi obhoti zidinga izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokulungisa ngaphambi kokuba zibalwe. Izikhulu zokhetho kumele ziqinisekise ukuthi izignesha ezimvilophini zebhola lohlelo zikhona ngesikhathi, futhi zikhiphe amabhola ezimvilophini ngaphambi kokuhlola noma ukubala. Ezinye izigodlo ziqala lenqubo ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho, kuyilapho ezinye zilinda kuze kufinyelelwe ukuhlola. Umqulu weposi ofakwe ebhulophini ungathinta kakhulu ukuthi imiphumela yokugcina itholakala ngokushesha kangakanani.

Amabhola Ayilungiselelo

Abavoter ababukisayo abangenakuqinisekiswa ngokushesha kulokhu kuhlola bangase bafake amavoti alungiselelwe. Izikhulu zokhetho zicwaninga lamaphepha ngemva koSuku lokhetho ukuze zinqume ukuthi kufanele zibalwe yini. Izizathu ezivamile zabavoti ababodwa zihlanganisa abavoti abanamagama aphuma ezinhlabeni zokubhalisa noma abantula izimpawu ezidingekayo. Isinqumo sama-ollat angathatha izinsuku noma amasonto amaningana.

Ukuhlobisa Nokubhala Icala

Ngemva kokubala kokuqala, izikhulu zokhetho ziqondisa imishini esemthethweni ukuze ziqinisekise futhi zigcine imiphumela. Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuhlanganisa ingqikithi yamavoti, ukuxazulula noma yikuphi ukuphikisana, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amabhodi asebenzayo abaliwe abakhona. Uma amaseyili esephelele, izikhulu zikahulumeni ziqinisekisa imiphumela, zizenza zibe yisikhulu. UMphathiswa uHulumeni wezwe ngalinye usayina iSitifiketi sonobumba ukuba amise abavoti abakhethwe kukhetho oluvamile.

Imibiko Nemicikilisho Yokukhetha

Lapho imiphumela yokukhetha isondela kakhulu noma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ayilungile, kungase kwenzeke izinselele ezilandisayo nezingokomthetho.

Uhlelo lokuxhumana oluzenzakalelayo

Izifunda eziningi zinemithetho efuna ukuhlaziywa okuzenzekelayo lapho i-pane yokunqoba iwela ngaphansi komnyango ocazululwe, ngokuvamile u 0.5% noma phesenti elilodwa lamavoti. Lokhu kulandisa kuhilela ukuphinda uhlaziyo lwezindonga ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezifanayo nezibalo zokuqala, nakuba ezinye izifunda ziphethe izandla ezilandisa wonke amabhola.

Amalayeza avinjiwe

Izicelo ze-Candidentia noma zokuvota zingalandisa ngokwezisho ezithi zivumele, ngezinye izikhathi zikhokhe izindleko uma imingcele yephepha idlula imigoqo ethile. I-Adreader ilandisa ngezindlela ezifana nezilandiso ezizenzekelayo kodwa zingaba nezindawo ezithile lapho kushiwo khona ukuthi akulungile.

Izinselele Ezingokomthetho

Abavoti bangase bafake izicelo zecala ezibekela inselele imiphumela yokhetho noma izinqubo. Lemincintiswano ingakhomba inkohliso, amaphutha ekubaleni amavoti, ukwenqaba okungafanele amavoloti, noma ukwephulwa kwemithetho yokhetho. Izinkantolo zibukeza ubufakazi futhi zingayala ukuba kubhalwe, ziqede amavoti athile, noma ezimweni ezidlulele, zihlele ukukhetha okusha.

Isiqinisekiso Semisebe Ye - Electoral Congress

Isinyathelo sokugcina enqubweni yokhetho lukamongameli senzeka lapho uMkhandlu uhlangana ukuze ubale futhi uqinisekise amavoti agunyazwa yimibuso.

Isimiso Esihlangene

UMkhandlu uhlangana ndawonye ukuze ubale amavoti agunyaziwe (ngaphandle komthetho odluliswa yiSishayamthetho ukuze ushintshe usuku kusukela ngoMgqibelo noma ngeSonto). Phakathi nalesi simiso, uMongameli ongumKhosi, osebenza njengoMongameli weSigele, uqondisa imicimbi. amavoti ohulumeni ayavulwa futhi abalwe ngokulandelana kwamagama.

Ukwenqaba Ukudla

I-Electoral Count Reform Act iphakamisa isango lokucabangela ukuphikisa amavoti akhethwe umuntu oyedwa-fesenti egumbini ngalinye esikhundleni se-metantine eyodwa nommeleli oyedwa. Uma kuphakanyiswa izimpikiswano, indlu neSigele zihlukene ukuze zixoxe futhi zivote ukuthi zingasekela yini ukuphikisa. Zombili izikhundla zivumela ukwenqaba amavoti akhethiwe ukuze impumelelo.

Ukukhetha Okuhlukile

Uma ukuphikisa kwevoti yamavoti e-oversi ephezulu kushiyanga bavoti abangabaMongameli abangaba ngu-270 abavoti, noma uma lokhu kuwumphumela wokhetho, khona - ke ngokweSichibiyelo seshumi nambili soMthetho-sisekelo, iNdlu yabameleli inquma ukhetho lobuPresidenti ngokukhetha phakathi kwamavoti amathathu aphezulu athola amavoti e-Electoral College ngokuvota okuvota okungu-70, noma uma isifundazwe ngasinye sinovoti eyodwa. Uma kungekho sekela-mfakosi womthetho wama-projekthi okungenani i-270, khona ngokweSigwebo se-12 seSigwebo seSishaya-Hlulo se-Nkathi ngokukhetha uMongameli ngokukhetha i-Mongameli phakathi kwevoti engaphezulu ngokuthola ivoti engaphezulu, ngevoti enkulu ngayinye, ngevoti ngayinye ene-tensi ngalinye elinevoti eyodwa.

Indima Yohulumeni Bombuso NoMbuso

Ukhetho lukamongameli luhilela ukuhlangana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwegunya likahulumeni nezwe, isilinganiso ngasinye sikahulumeni sifeza izindima ezihlukile enqubweni.

Igunya Likahulumeni

UKhomishane umise imithetho enjengeNational Voter Religister Act ka 1993 (NVRA) neHelp America Vote Act ka 2002 (Hava), elawula indlela elawula ngayo izici ezithile zenqubo yokhetho kahulumeni, kuhlanganise nokubhaliswa kovoti kanye nokugcinwa komvoti. Umthetho we-Frederal umisa nosuku lokhetho futhi unikeza isivikelo samalungelo okuvota.

Ukuphatha KoMbuso

Isifundazwe ngasinye nesifunda sinikeza okhetho ngokwehlukile. Izwe linomthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko wokuqhuba okhethweni, kuhlanganise nokumisa izindawo zokuvota, ukujoyina izisebenzi zokuvota, ukuklama amabhola, ukuthenga imishini yokuvota, nokubala amavoti. Lesimiso esihloniphekile sivumela amazwe ukuba avumelanise izinqubo zokukhetha nezidingo zendawo lapho ehlangabezana nezimfuneko zikahulumeni.

Izikhulu Zokukhetha Zendawo

Izikhulu zesifunda nonohulumeni wokhetho zisingatha ukuqondisa kokhetho usuku nosuku. Lezi zikhulu ziphatha ukubhaliswa kovoti, zilondoloza izindawo zokuvota, ziqondisa izindawo zokuvota, izisebenzi zokuvota, futhi ziqhube ukuvota. Umsebenzi wazo ubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi okhetho lusebenza kahle futhi abavoti bangafaka izijeziso zabo ngaphandle kwezithiyo ezingadingekile.

Izinselele Nempikiswano Eqhubekayo

Isimiso sokhetho lukamongameli siyaqhubeka siguquka njengabasunguli bemithetho, abasekeli, nezakhamuzi siphikisana ngezici ezihlukahlukene zendlela okhethwe ngayo.

I - Electoral College Reformation

Umongameli akanqunywa yivoti ethandwayo yesizwe kodwa iElectoral College, futhi ngezikhathi ezinhlanu, kuhlanganise nezigaba ezimbili kweziyisithupha zokugcina, abazothatha i - Electoral College, futhi kanjalo ubumongameli, naphezu kokulahlekelwa yivoti ethandwayo ezweni lonke. Ukumisa iElectoral College kungadinga ukuqedwa komthetho - sisekelo, nakuba izazi namaqembu ashisekela ukushisekela kuye kwasekela i - National Popular Vote Intertate Conciation (NPV), umzamo owaqala ngemva kokhetho luka - 2000.

Ukufinyelela kokutivisa

Izimpikiswano ziyaqhubeka ngendlela yokulinganisela ukulondeka kokhetho nokuvota. Abasekeli bemithetho eqinile elawula ukuvota baphikisa ukuthi bavimbela ukukhwabanisa, kuyilapho abagxeki bephikisa ukuthi badala imigoqo engadingekile kubavoti abafanelekayo. Izimpikiswano ezifanayo ziphathelene nezinkathi zokuvota zakuqala, ukutholakala kweposi, nokuvota izindawo.

Umkhankaso Wezimali Wokushintsha

Indima yemali emikhankasweni kamongameli isalokhu iyimpikiswano, nezingxoxo eziqhubekayo mayelana nemingcele yomnikelo, izimfuneko zokwambula, nethonya lamaProfethi aphakeme namanye amaqembu angaphandle.

Ukulondeka Kwezinqubo Zokukhetha

Ukukhathazeka ngokuphazamisa kwamanye amazwe, ukusongela kwe - Internet nokungaqiniseki kuye kwabangela ukuba kuthathwe izinyathelo ezithuthukisiwe zokuphepha kokhetho.

Ukubaluleka Kokuhlanganyela Emsebenzini

Ukhetho lobumongameli lusebenza ngokuphumelelayo lapho izakhamuzi zihlanganyela ngokunamandla enqubweni yentando yeningi. Lokhu kuhlanganyela kuhlanganisa ngaphandle kokuvota ukugcina ulwazi ngabazobhapathizwa kanye nezimpikiswano, ukuzinikela ngokuzithandela emikhankasweni, ukukhonza njengezisebenzi zokuvota, nokuhlanganyela enkulumweni yomphakathi ngekusasa lesizwe.

Imfundo Yevoter

Ukuqonda indlela umsebenzi wokhetho onika ngayo izakhamuzi amandla okuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo. izimemezelo kufanele zizijwayeze izimfuneko zokubhalisa, izindlela zokuvota, nezikhathi ezimisiwe emazweni azo. Izinhlangano eziningi ezingenayo isigaba zinikeza imithombo yemfundo yokhetho ukuze zisize izakhamuzi ziqondise inqubo yokhetho.

Ulwazi lwemidiya

Enkathini enokwaziswa okuningi nokwaziswa okunganembile, izakhamuzi kumelwe zihlakulele amakhono okuhlola ukuthembeka kwemithombo yezindaba nokuzisholo kwezombangazwe. Ukucabanga okugxekayo ngemiyalezo yomkhankaso, izinkulumo zezombangazwe eziqondisa amaqiniso, nokufuna imibono ehlukahlukene okusiza abavoti benze izinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi

Ukuya ezindaweni zokuvota kunikeza amathuba okuthembisana umphakathi nokuxoxa ngomphakathi, ukuxoxa ngezindaba nomakhelwane, nokuhlanganyela ekuvotiseni impoqo yokubhalisa kuqinisa impucuko yentando yeningi futhi kusize ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi okhetho lubonisa intando yabantu.

Imithombo Yezincwadi

Uhulumeni omningi nemithombo engadiliyo isiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele kukhetho lukamongameli. i-vov.gov inikeza ukwaziswa okubanzi mayelana nokubhaliswa kwevoti, kuhlanganise nezimfuneko nemisebenzi eqondile yombuso. U.S. Evolution Consolation Commission[ inikeza izimali mayelana nezinqubo zokuvota kanye nezindawo zokuvota.

Isifundazwe namahhovisi okukhetha ezindawo zendawo kugcinwa amawebhusayithi anokwaziswa okuningiliziwe mayelana nezindawo zokuhlola, izinombolo zebhola, nemiphumela yokukhetha. USA.gov isebenza njengesembozo semithombo yezokuvota noxhumana emahhovisi okuvota kahulumeni. iNational Archives[ inikeza ukwaziswa okubanzi ngenqubo ye-Elctal College nemininingwane yokukhetha ngokomlando.

Izinhlangano ezingavoti zinikeza imithombo eyigugu, kuhlanganise nokwaziswa okucela ukuvota, iziqondisi, namathuluzi okusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Ngokusebenzisa le mithombo, abavoti bangasebenzisa inqubo yokukhetha umongameli ngokuqiniseka futhi banikele ekukhetheni umholi wezwe ngentando yeningi.

Isiphetho

Ukhetho lukamongameli lumelela isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi kodwa esiklanywe ngokucophelela sokukhetha umphathi omkhulu wezwe. Kusukela ekubhaliseni nge-Electoral College ukuya ekubhaliseni ama-college, isinyathelo ngasinye sifeza izinjongo ezibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi okhetho lulungile, lulondekile, futhi lungummeleli. Nakuba isimiso sibhekene nezinselele eziqhubekayo nezimpikiswano eziphathelene nezinguquko ezingase zenzeke, ukuqonda indlela umsebenzi wokhetho womongameli osiza ngayo izakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo kule nqubo eyisisekelo yentando yeningi. Ngokubhalisa, ukuhlala zinolwazi ngokhetho, nangokufaka izimpikiswano, amaMelika asebenzisa umthwalo wawo omphakathi obalulekile futhi alolongendlela lwesikhathi esizayo.